Democratic Sentinel, Volume 2, Number 1, Rensselaer, Jasper County, 15 February 1878 — Page 1

Sentinel - ■ A DEMOCRATIC NEWSPAPER ** * -■ V 4is. ‘kJ J* •’*•*• v ‘- : ..> 4 PUBLISHED EVEB¥ FRIDAY, BT r- ■ FAMES W. McEWEN. TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION. Ono copy ■ero ysar. ..„.y.............. T M tvAdvertising rates on application

NEWS SUMMARY

THE WAS IN THE EAST.

The Czar, in an addrem to the troops the other day, mentioned the necessity of holding haaeelves prepared until he obtained a duratoe peace, worthy of Russia. Cable dispatches of the Bth inst. are to the •effect that Russia was favorable to a conference of the powers, but rejected the proposal to hold it in Vienna, or any other great capital, that the Russian army was in possession of Constantinople, jts occupation being regarded as one of the terms of the armistice; that RustcnuK and Sill stria had been occupied by the Russians, and that.tbe Roumanians were vigorously bombarding Widin. Cable telegrams of the 9th inst. rep ®rt that .England had assented to Austria’s proposal for .-a conference ; that England had asked Russia ifor explanations ; that there was tremendous • excitement in London on account of the mariner in which the Bear had outwitted the Lion, crowds thronging the streets, clamoring for war, singing “ Gpd Have the Queen,” and stoning the house of Gladstone, and the office of the Daily Newa; that the opposition to the vote of credit of £6,000,000 had been withdrawn by the opposition in the House cf Commons; that Constantinople was not in actual possession of the Russians, who held only a portion •of the outer line of defenses, thus leaving it in a practically defenseless condition. According to the summary of the terms of armistice communicated to the British House of Commons, the line of demarcation places in Russian hands almost a'l of Bulgaria and Roumania up to the lines of Constantinople and Gallipoli. Three days’ notice is to be given before the resumption of hostilities. Another article of the armistice stipulates that the Turks are to remove their arms, etc., on evacuating places within the neutral zone which will divide the two armies. The House of Commons voted the extra gi snfl of £0,000,000 by 328 to 124.

GENERAL FOREIGN NEWS. An asylum for women and children haw been burned in Tien-Tsin, China, by which 2,000 of the inmates lout their lives. Ten persons were trampled to death and many injured during a panic in a circus, caused by a false alarm qf fire at Calais, Franco. Nino millions of people are reported as destitute in Northern China. The office of Grand Vizier in the Turkish Government has been abolished, and a new Ministry been formed in accordance with modern European forms and designation, headed by Ahmed Vefik Effendi as President of the Council of Ministers and Minister of the Interior. A correspondent at Adrianople relates an interview with Server Pasha, who declared that Turkey had been misled and encouraged to fight on by the promise of English support. He particularly accused Lord Beaconsfield and Layard of encouraging this belief, and said he! had documents which he would publish. He Hieciarcu that he had now become a partisan of Russian policy and alliance. Server Pasha’s ■colleagues at Adrianople confirmed his statements. After a life of nearly 86 years, and a pontificate of thirty-two years, Pope Pius lay down to eternal rest on Thursday, the 7th of February. Pius IX. was born May 13, 1792, and was therefore nearly 86 years old. His baptismal name was Giovanni Maiia Mastai-Ferretti. He received the priest’s orders in 1819, was made domestic prelate to Pope Leo XII. in 1825, was nominated Archbishop in 1827, was created Cardinal in 1810, and live years later, in June, 1846, was elected as the successor of Pope Gregory XVI. Pius IX. held the Papal chair longer than any prolate, the alleged pontificate of St. Peter being the next in duration—a little over twenty-five years. He thus proved the fallacy of the superstition which believed that no Pope would reign longer than the Apostolic founder of the Holy See. The British fleet has been ordered to Constantinople, “not as a departure from neutrality,” to use the language of Sir Stafford Northcote, “but as a protection of life and property.” The official declaration of the physicians who attended the Pope during his last illness is published. It states that the immediate cause of death was paralysis of the lungs. It is again reported that the Russians are about to court-martial and shoot Osman Pasha, for alleged barbarous treatinent of prisoners. The Pope’s last act was to provide for the continuance of his servants’ salaries, and the pensions of their widows. A St. Petersburg dispatch asserts that an offensive and defensive alliance between Russia and Turkey is to be included in the treaty of peace. A London dispatch of the llth states that Russia's reply to Austria’s proposal to hold the conference in Vienna had been received, and that not only did it reject the Austrian capital as the place of meeting, but declared that certain points in the peace preliminaries could not be referred to the conference at all. The Austrian Government has given orders io prepare the best ironclads for sea. Three men-of-war have been ordered to Constantinople. The Agence Russe says that England’s action in sending her fleet to Constantinople restores to Russia her liberty of action, and that Russia will now regulate her attitude by that of England. The Russians captured 120,000 men, including twenty Pashas, and 1,000 cannon during the war. Tho Turkish forces have evacuated Widin, Rustchuk, Silistria, Belgradischik and Erzeroum, and have withdrawn from the BujukChekmejeh lines to a line from Kujuk-Chek-mejeh to Akleunar. lhe neutral zone is twelve miles broad. DOMESTIC INTELLIGENCE. LEhitstThere recently arrived at Baltimore, on a. vessel from Demerara, a boy answering in some respects the description of Charley Ross. It was firmly believed by the Baltimoreans that the long-lost boy had at last been found, and thei e was great excitement for a little while. To settle the matter Mr. Christian K. Ross visited that city and took a look at the boy. He at once declared that it was not Charley. Harry Genet, another of the Tweed ring, has returned to New York after an exile of several years. f The large publishing houses of James R. Osgood <t Co. and Hurd & Houghton, of Boston and New York, have been consolidated. Brooklyn shop-keepers and street-car conductors refuse the trade dollars. Augustus M. Turney, teller of the Bank of North America, one of the oldest banking institutions in New York city, is a defaulter to the amount of $100,600. He has been carrying on his stealings for a period of eight years. Had he not made voluntary confession of his crime he might possibly have continued his peculations until he had stolen all the bank’s capital, as no one had the sligh ea suspicion of his wrongdoing. Turney, wp are told, was “asteady

The Democratic sentinel.

JAS W. McEWEN.Editor.s

VOLUME 11.

church-goer, lived modestly, and had no bad habits,” hence, we presume, the bank officers thought it unnecessary to inquire into his books. It is some consolation to know that they alone are the sufferers for their idiocy. The extensive Pacific Print Works, at Lawrence, Mass., have been burned. Loss estimated at $125,000. Theodore Roosevelt, a wealthy and philanthropic citizen of New York, is dead. About 300 feet of the bridge over the Schuylkill liver at South street, Philadelphia, tumbled down the other day. Fortunately, no one : ‘ was on the structure at the time. The loss by the accident is about $300,000. Wright A Son, the largest shipping merchants in Philadelphia, have been arrested upon a charge of defrauding the Government to the extent of $200,000. The largest theater in the West Division <&J Chicago—the Academy of Music—has been burned. R. E. J. Miles, of the Grand Opera House, Cincinnati, has recovered a verdict for $40,000 damages against P. T. Barnum, for a libel published two years ago. A Cincinnati theatrical manager named Miles has been awarded a verdict for $40,000 damages against Barnum, the showman, for libel. South. Henry 8. Mos?, a prominent merchant of Louisville, Ky., apd member of the City Council, is discovered to have forged paper to the amount of $40,000 or $50,000. The trial of Thomas C. Anderson, of the Louisiana Returning Board, was brought to a conclusion at New Orleans on Feb. 7, and resulted in a verdict of guilty after fifty minutes’ deliberation by the jury. The jury considerately recommended the accused to the “mercy of the court.” J. Madison Wells was still in jail at that date, and claimed that he was unable to give the bail ($10,000) demanded by the court.

In a duel at Brownsville, Texas, between Hon. Nester Maxan and M. Do La Pena, the farmer was shot through the body and killed. Deceased was a leading lawyer. By the sinking of the steamer Lessic Taylor on the Atchafalaya river, in Louisiana, a colored woman apd child and four or five deckhands were drowned. Hon. Nester Maxan, a prominent lawyer of Brownsville, Tex., was killed in a duel, the other day, by M. De La Pona. The steamer Lessie Taylor recently sunk in the Atchafalaya river, Louisiana. A colored woman and child and five deck-hands perished. The city of Augusta, Ga., experienced a section of the day of judgment a few nights ago, A shower of hail was followed by a furious rain-storm, accompanied by thunder and lightning, then came an earthquake shock, and this in turn was followed by a cyclone of unusual violence, which inflicted great damage to property, killed several people and wounded many more. It is stated from New Orleans that the two colored jurors in the Anderson trial now claim that their verdict of “ Guilty, but recommended to tbo mercy of the court,” was given under an impression that this was tantamount to an acquittal, and they were so informed by the other . jurors. From Washington it is reported that .the President is very indignant at the prosecution of the Returning Board members. It is generally believed at the capital that Gov. Nicholls will pardon Anderson. The latter has received a dispatch, signed by John Sherman, Stanley Matthews, Gen. Garfield and Eugene Hale, earnestly protesting his innocence of any fraud, and denouncing his trial and conviction as an exhibition of bitter sectional partisanship. J. Madison Wells has been released on SIO,OOO bond. WASHINGTON NOTES. The 'Treasury Department has ordered an investigation of the circumstances attending the loss of the steamer Metropolis. Federal appointments : Joseph W. Huston, United States Attorney for the Territory of Idaho; Thomas Adamson, of Pennsylvania, Consul General at Rio do Janeiro; Ernest L. Oppenheim, of New York, United States Consul at Gutteuburg ; Edward Wheeler, Collector of Internal Revenue for Arkansas. The internal-revenue receipts in December fell off $500,000 from the receipts during the corresponding month of the previous year. The receipts in January fell off over $1,000,000, and, if the decrease continues so rapid for the remainder of the current month as it has during the first four days, the falling off will amount to over $1,200,000 in February. This does not include the falling off of customs receipts, which for the last two months has been $1,000,000. The Ways and Means Committee of the House is said to be unanimously in favor of Mr. Wood’s Tariff bill. Tho House Judiciary Committee his taken a vote on tho proposition for a Sixteenth amendment to the constitution, as advocated by the female suffragists. The vote stood 5 to 5. The vote in favor of the proposition was: Lyndo, Frye, Butler, Conger and Lapham. Those who voted against it were: Knott, Hartridge, Stenger, McMahon and Culberson. Harris, of Virginia, who is opposed to female suffrage, was absent. There is no probability whatever that the committee will at anytime hereafter take favorable action on this subject. The President nominated the following Indian agents : Charles A. Ruffee, of Minnesota, Chippewa agency, Minnesota; John W. Douglass, of New York, Yankton agency,, Dakota; Samuel Ely, of Pennsylvania, Pawnee agency, Indian Territory; Philemon B. Huntj of Kentucky, Kiowa and Comanche agency,- Indian Territory. r The House Committee on Education and Labor have agreed to report a bill to distribute the proceeds of the sales of public lands among the several States for purposes of education. POLITICAL POINTS. The Republican Congressinen who visited Louisiana pending the electoral count and were present at the canvass of the votes, generally known as the visiting statesmen, held a conference one evening last week. The object of the meeting, says a Washington telegram, is understood to have been carefully to consider the present situation in Louisiana, and the duty which the visiting statesmen owe to the Returning Board. The interchange of views was informal, and no definite plan has been? determined up0n..... These gentlemen, and most of file Republican 1 / in Cdhgfrest, think that nothing should be omitted that can be done to sustain the Returning Board in their present trouble. A Washington correspondent telegraphs that “ the President is represented by some who have talked with him as very much dissatisfied with the course of the Senate in regard to confirmations. A large number of aoiaina- 1 are in possession of the Senate, and of late there have been scarcely any indications of an intention to give even the most ordinary attention to them.” The Committee on Federal Relations of the Maryland House of Delegates, to whom were referred Montgomery Blair’s resolutions and memorial calling upon Congress to reopen and

1^ F OSUSIw, INDIANA," FRIDAY,'’FEBRUARY 15,1878.-

investigate the electoral question, have reported adversely to their adaption. w Vd h MISCELLANEOUS GLEANINGS. The members of the Louisiana to Judge Bradley, of the. Unite! (Jjfaisjfo issuie a writ of ofizior-f ifiF®?^ 8 ® 8 * rom Io meSJmtdk Mlißqirt.. Judge Brißlpy, in a daci||oii| o| smti«l4mgih, ref used, ing Board makes application cn the ground of prejudice and inability to secure their rights, and the fact that the Jury law of 1877 is hostile to catered, Jhktice Bradley says the application raises three quesB First, was toe presentation of th£ petiSecond, if-toe State court bad the ngM to examine, had toe Circuit Court the right to re-examine and issue a certiorari or other writs ? Third, if the Circuit Court had such rights, did the petition show sufficient ground to the first two questions? Justice Bradley answers that, in the Jury law of 1877, there is nothing open to constitutional objections, and also the prejudice is not such a cause as warrants a transfer. Neither the Fourteenth amendment nor the Civil-Rights bill was violated. There is no State legislation hostile to either. Grain in sight in the States and Canada : Wheat, 10,268,974 bushels; com, 5,817,483 bushels; 3,476,478 bushels of oats ; 754,592 bushels of rye, and 4,622,630 bushels of barley. McCormick reports that the American Exhibit at Paris will be creditable, though not ae good as it might have been had there been longer time for preparation. In machinery and agricultural implements the display will be unusually good, but a great many articles of this sort had to be rejected for want of room in which to show them. An excited mob visited the Parliament house In Quebec, Canada, a few evenings ago, burned an effigy of the Solicitor General in the espla-. nade, broke some windows, and raised a lively rumpus generally. The cause of the demonstration is the unpopularity of the Government on certain questions, notably their railway policy. Look out for counterfeit trade dollars. They are well executed, and calculated to deceive the casual observer. Failures: Joel Hayden & Co., brassware manufacturers, Haydenville, Mass., liabilities $400,000, nominal assets $600,000 ; the Wyandotte Rolling Mill Company, Detroit, Mich., liabilities $425,000, nominal assets about sl,ooor--000; Hallett Brothers, proprietors of dollar stores in Cleveland, Detroit and other cities, liabilities heavy; J. & J. Woodley, leather, Quebec, Canada, liabilities $400,000, assets $170,000; W. C. Sapp, dry goods, Mount Vernon, Ohio, liabilities heavy; D. H. Brigham & Co., clothing, Springfield, Mass., liabilities $250,000 ; Peter Herdie, lumber, Williamsport, Pa., liabilities $1,000,000 ; toe Hinckley Locomotive Works, Boston, Mass., liabilities $300,000 ; Joseph Gilmore, coal, Pittsburgh, Pa., liabilities $85,000; Robert Henderson <fc Co., coke, Pittsburgh, Pa., liabilities over SIOO,OOO ; J. C. Ferguson, porkpacker, Indianapolis, Ind., liabilities $500,000; J. W. & E. Cheney, millinery, Detroit, Mich., liabilities $42,000 ; Sweet, Cool & Co., boots and shoes, Buffalo, N. ¥., liabilities $150,000; Daniel Robertson, tea importer, Montreal, Canada, liabilities $210,000; the Mercantile Savings Bank, Boston, Mass.; John T. Henry, Curran & Co., heavy druggists, New York city, liabilities not stated ; L. Woods & Co., importers of woolen goods, Montreal, Canada, liabilities $200,000, assets $150,000 ; William Sturges, capitalist and speculator, Chicago, liabilities $1,165,000, assets $750,000; Leblanc & Robitaille, grocers, Montreal, Canada, liabilities $100,600, assets $50,000 ; William A. Butters & Co., auctioneers, Chicago, liabilities about $15,000, assets nil. FORTY-FOURTH CONGRESS. Monday, Feb. 4. —Senate.—A large number of petitions were presented from all parts of the country, most of them remonstrating against changes in the present tariff duties, and the restoration of the tax on tea and coffee, all of which were referred. Other petitions, favoring the organization of a Department of Industry, the head thereof to be a Cabinet officer, were presented and referred... The following bills were introduced: Mr. Davis, from the Committee on Judiciary, reported a substitute for the bill to prevent abuses in respect to mileage of District Attorneys of the United States; by Mr. Dawes, regulating the-authen-ticity and use of proxies in the meetings of shareholders of national banking associations I by Mr. Spencer, to incorporate the National Pacific Railroad and Telegraph Company; by Mr. Saunders, supplementary to the joint resolution in relation to the Paris Exposition. It authorizes the President to appoint eighteen additional Commissioners. . ..Mt. Bayard addressed the Senate in opposition to the passage of the Silver bill. House. —A resolution ordering the preparation of a graduated income tax was offered in the House, and received 165 yeas, the nays numbering only 88. As it required a two-thirds vote, the resolution did not pass. The affirmative votes came chiefly from the Democrats, and the negatives from the Republicans... .The following bills were introduced : By Mr. Southard, authorizing the payment of customs in legal-tender notes; by Mr. Mills, providing that all Bonds hereafter issued by the Government shall be payable, principal and interest, in gold, silver'or legal-tender notes; by Mr. Davis, of North Carolina, to reduce the tax on brandy nade from apples, peaches or grapes, 35 cents; by Mr. Riddle, for a constitutional amendment providing for the election of President by the direct vote of the people; by Mr. Sexton, making the receivers of railroad corporations amenable to processes and judgments of the courts of the several States through which said railroads are run.... Mr. Ellsworth presented an affidavit from the Doorkeeper denying as utterly without foundation the charges against his official integrity, and earnestly requesting an investigation on tho part of the House. Referred to the Committee on Civil Service Reform. Tuesday, Feb. s.—Senate.—Mr. Conkling presented the petitions of a large number of citizens of many counties in New York in favor of the remonetization of silver.... Mr. Wallace, from the Committee on Finance, reported, with an amendment, the bill introduced by him some time ago to authorize a long »ond for investment of savingsj and gave notice that he would call it up for consideration at an early day. It directs the Seer, tary of the Treasury to issue SIOO,000,000 coupon bonds of the denominations of $25, SSO and SIOO, and of equal sums of each of said denominations, rqdet mable in com after fifty years from the date W their issue, and bearing interest, payable semi-annually in edin, at the rate of 3.65 per cent, per annum.... Mr. Eaton continued the discussion of the Silver bill, taking ground against it. He Was followed by Mr. Howe, who spoke in favor of the measure.... Mr. Conkling presented a petition from the citizens of New York setting forth the appalling famine raging in Northern China, and suggested the appointment of acornmission from the residents of China to act in connection with the United States Minister in procuring and distributing relief.... Mr. Ferry, from the Committee on Postoffioes and Post Roads, reported, with amendment, the Senate bill to regulate the compensation of Postmasters and for other purposes. House.—The bill extending the time for the completion, of the Northern Pacific railroad ten years was reported and recommitted... .Mr. Hewitt, of Newport, presented two pefitions, one 4om New York and One from Boston .asking Congress to adopt appropriate measures to mitigate the hardships of the famine now raging in China... .The bill to authorize the constructton of a bridge across the Mississippi river at Memphis was taken up, briefly discussed, and referred to the committee of the whole on the state of the Union... .The Military Academy Appropriation bill was discussed and amended. Wednesday, Feb. 6.—Senate.—Mr. Davis, of Illinois, presented the proceedings and t r§polutions of a meeting of the friends of silver, held in Chicago, Dec. 13. He quoted from the resolutions* which favor the remonetization of silver, and declare that the Government “ cannot waive its right to pay its bonds in silver or g01d.”....Mr. Ferry presented a petition of wool-growers of Michigan remonstrating against any change in the duty on foreign wool. Ref erred.,.. Mr. Bruce presented joint resolutions of the Mississippi Legislature in favor of the passage of abill remunerating certain citizens of Mississippi, null-owners and log-men, for damages sustained by them on account of the seizure of certain lumber and logs in the lumber district by agents of the United States.., .The Senate bill to remit ths taxes

‘•4 JSirm to Correct

on Ifij&veifrlfrviaEs bxnjii WW e*lled up by Mr. Duritaiif HulU* discussed imtilthe expiration Of the. tataS- wif lija.'and MiJThuaaan Spoke in tot MTAtiax rth followed by Mr. KemnliiifaaxM to* bilL and the by Sena- ~ ephmltted * substitute sos IKb pending w. H.providea for fito coinage of «Uv« doUare of 412 W at the mints of the United Rtate4. but mngold ehall tottite standard ot valiuu The present subsidiary silver coins are to be legal tender raaU cases to the amount of $lO. Silver dolltoMuMf-ButoMfary eeta and bars stamped at the mints or the New York Assay Office, with their weight and fineness, and trade-dollars, are to be made legal tender according to their market value, to be fixed monthly by the Secretary of the Treasury, the Treasurer of the United States, and the Director of the Mint. House.— The debate on unseating Pacheco, Republican, and seating Wigginton, Democrat, of Call? forma, was begun in the House, but no vote was reached... .A resolution was adopted directing an their capital.... The discussion of the Silver bill was continued, Mr. Blaine having the floor. He opposed the Bland bill, but expressed himself in favor of silver under certain conditions. He proposed, as a compromise, a dollar of 425 grains, giving the profits of the coinage to the Government, and addressed the Senate at length in support of his idea. Mr. Blaine was followed by Mr. Johnston, of Virginia, who advocated the Bland bi 11.... There was a spirited debate, in executive session, over the nomination of Henry W. Hilliard, of Alabama, to be Minister to Brazil. His confirmation was opposed by many Republicans, but particularly by Messrs. Conkling, Edmunds and Hamlin. The nomination was defended by Messrs. Lamar, Hill, Butler of South Carolina, Matthews, an 4 Burnaldc. Messrs. Conkling and Edmunds directed their efforts toward establishing the fact that Hilliard was a Democrat, and had never been a Republican. The nomination was finally confirmed bv a small majority. Messrs. Matthews, Hoar, Burnside aud Christiancy voting with the Democrats. House. —The House took up the California con-tested-election case of Pacheco vs. Wigginton, and by a strict party vote, after a long debate, declared Wigginton, the Democratic claimant, entitled to the seat. This was the only business disposed of by the House. Friday, Feb., B.—Senate.—Mr. Conkling ttxl a petition of the ministers and congregations of toloreis churches in various States and Territories, asking the pxs««e of a law to protect thr-th agafpst outrages on account of ifeco, <»lor, religious 'and Bolitidti opines Mr. preisenteff n petition of citiHenfc of Michigan, remonstrating against the Government of the United States entering into commercial and so-called reciprocity treaties with other Governments.... Mr. Hoar submitted a resolution instructing the Committee on Appropriations to consider and report whether the work on public buildings in Washington, which is now suspended, may be resumed forthwith, so as to give present employment to workingmen whose families are suffering from destitution. Agreed to Mr. Saunders called up bis supplemental jpint resolution providing for the appointment of eighteen additional Commiaßioeers to the Paris Exposition. It was discussed and referred to the Committee on Appropriations.... Consideration was resumed of the Silver bill, and Mr. Hill, of Georgia, took the floor and spoke in opposition to the measure. He was followed by Mr. Withers, of Virginia, in advocacy of the bill, after which the Senate adjourned till Monday. House. —Bills of a purely private nature only were considered in the House, consequently the proceedings were dull and uninteresting. Saturday, Feb. 9.—Senate. —Not in session; House. —The House met for gsneral debate only; The first speech was by Mr. Joyce, in advocacy of a slx-year Presidential term, and. of civP-setvice 4rcformt- He was followed by Mr. Chittenden, too spoke against the proposed silver legislation. Mr. Chittenden, in the ooBraf:.- of his speech, referred to the silver meeting in Chicago last December. The Shylocks mentioned in the Chicago papers’ report Of the meeting were active bankers aud business men at home and abroad, who, through the Chamber of Commerce of New York, gave Chicago outright a .round, million of dollars in the hour of her desolation —the very same men who subsequently loaned Chicago scores and scores of other millions, which have been hopelessly squandered and lost in Quixotic ventures. Mr. Harrison replying, said that, while the people of Chicago acknowledged the generosity of the world when that city was in ashes, yet they did not feel that the rich m#n of New York who helped them in their hour of need should now keep them from rising from, their ashes. Mr. Kenna advocated the remonetization of silnpr; the repeal of the Resumption act, the abolishing of the national-banking system, and the granting of full legal-tender qualities to greenbacks. Mr; Ellsworth spoke in opposition to the attempt to array labor against capital for the purpose of gaining political power, and advocated a general amnesty bill. Mr. Hayes' replied to the arguments against the remonetization of silver, and defended that proposition. Mr. Haskell also spoke in favor of silver remonetization, and Mr. Bell advocated a bill to pension soldiers of the Mexican v ar.

Horrors of the Famine in China.

A correspondent engaged in the relief work in the Northeast of China writes, “ People of all ages die of actual starvation by thousands. The famine extends over a district which includes, at least, 5,000 villages, and in these latter together I am certainly within the mark in saying that 500 die daily, perhaps 1,000 may bo within it. A few days ago I traversed the worst part. Thousands upon thousands have perished already. Houses are pulled down in every village to sell the timber and thatch in order to get food. Those who can get husks and dry leaves, ordinarly used for fuel, are considered well off. Most ol.thQ. noor young girls had been s old ; old men, middle-aged, young men, and children die daily of sheer starvation, and others freeze. The dead cannot get a burial; thfey sfte td& many, and none can afford tbe expense ; so they are cast daily into large pits.” This is a description of what happened last year. This year even worse horrors are reported. The people at Shansi sere said to be living on the corpses of tfieir fellow beings who die of starvation I And the strong are killing the weak for the sake of obtaining their flesh for food! Up to the present time the principal relief has come from the Christian missionaries, Protestant and Boman Catholic, who have distributed among the sufferers the funds subscribed by their communities in the open ports.

The Dardanelles.

The Dardanelles, toward which so much attention is now . directed, fairly teems with historic and poetic memories. Its navigation wak fir|toitfeinDted by the Argonauts under Jasof, in their search for the Golden Fleece. At Abydos, Xerxes built his famous bridge of boats for the invasion of Greece, and it was here that the loves of Hero and Leander became world-renowned. Leander, who lived at Abydos, on the Asiatio shore, was in love xvith Hero, the beautiful priestess of Venus, at Sestos, and regularly swam the strait to meet his mistress. One dark and stormy night he failed to appear, and when the luckless Hero visited the shore the next morning the waves had washed the dead body of her lover upon the sands. Overcome by her loss, she plunged into the sea, and the spot became ever after sacred to their memory. On the 3d of March, 1810, Lord Byron swam the Dardanelles at the same point in seventy minutes. He was accompanied by Lieut. Akenhead, whose name has been handed down to posterity in the line: Which Leander, Mr. Akcnhead, and I did. The swim froip Abydcs to Sestos is still repeated yearly by Byron-inspired tourists, and will probably continue to be as long as the glamour of poetry and tradition hangs around the spot.— New York Sun.

A dog bill introduced into the Connecticut Legislature requires all dogs to be muzzled when away from the premi - ses of their owners, anti to be taxed $5 for every male and $lO for every female. Any person may kill an unmuzzled dog found at large, and receive out of the town treasury $2, but any person found removing muzzle must pay a fine of SlO, and any person killing a muzzled dog a fine of $25.

THE FINANCES.

Speech of Hon. Thos. iwing, of Ohio, Delivered in New York, The Evils of Contraction Powerfully Depicted. The Restoration of the Silver Dollar Advocated. At a great jneetfog of the £riend§,of silver and greenbacks in Cooper Institute, New York, Congressman Ewing, of Ohio, spoke as follows; I am here this evening to address you on two measures which have passed the House of Representatives and are now pending in the Senate—on,e to restore the ancient silver dollar, just as it was, to all its functions as money; toe other, to repeal the resumption scheme. The vast debts of toe world, owned outside of the countries making the debts, are held by a few hundred German, English and French bondholders. They have always watched with eager jealousy toe production of toe precious metals, knowing full well that a large production tended to lessen toe purchasing power of every one of their dollars, while a small production tended to increase the purchasing power. After Great Britain had quadrupled her already vast national debt by her Napoleonic wars, her bondholders came in and demonetized silver. Why ? To contract the currency, to bring down values, to make toe nation pay vastly more in real value in gold than the sum stipulated to be paid in gold or silver. But, as Great Britain is the great producer of gold, national pride came in as an ally of craft, and secured the demonetization of silver in England. From 1808 to 1848 the production of the precious metals in the world fell off so much that the purchasing power of toe dollar was increased 45 per cent., and with that scarcity of money and shrinkage of values the great bondholders of the world were content. Hence, during that period of forty years no further effort at the demonetization of either of toe precious metals was made. But when California and Australia poured their flood of gold upon the world, lessening its purchasing power 18 per cent., a concerted movement was made to demonetize gold, and Germany did demonetize it. in, nowever, the sixteen years from 1854-’7O, the production of gold fell off largely, and the production of silver doubled. Then came the agitation by this class for toe demonetization of silver. They got Germany, Which had demonetized gold when it Was getting cheap, .to turn alteut and remonetize gold and demonetize, silver. They got toe states of the Latin Union—that is, France, Italy,., Belgium, Wallacfaia and Moldavia—to restrict the coinage of silver, and then they held a meeting of European bondholders to consider the question, “How can we make the United States—the greatest debtor in the world, and the greatest producer of silver—to cut their own throat by demonetizing silver?” WeU, they itolved the ■question somehow, we don’t know exactly how. They got a preliminary change in our coinage laws in 1873 which nobody noticed particularly. And then, when the Commissioners who were appointed to codify the laws of toe United States made their final report, they succeeded in gettinginserted ip that codification, in 1874, the provision which forbade the coinage of the old silver dollar. The codifiers had no power to touch, in toe estimation of a hair, the meaning of any existing statute. They were appointed simply to arrange and codify toe laws as they then stood. They reported the code to Congress, printed, and it passed the Senate without the bundle in which it was tied up having even been once opened, and in that bundle this fraud lay nestled. For two years nobody knew, except the rascals who were in the secret, and who were.to profit by it, that the deed was done, and now, when the wrong is discovered and toe outrage laid bare, and the people of this country rise up and demand the restoration of their ancient standard, these men have the atroqious impudence, through their organs, the press, .to turn upon the people of the country and denounce them as scoundrels, and set themselves up as persecuted saints. « .£ Why should not the wrong be righted ? They say toe creditor class will suffer, because silver has been depreciated. How was it depreciated ? By toe very act of demonetization. It is depreciated in respect to only one commodity that exists in our land, and that is gold. Take one of those disfranchised dollars, and it will buy 20 per cent, more of labor, of breadstuff?, of clothing, of laud, of everything that every human being wants, than it would have bought in 1874. Who is wronged then by having it paid to them ? But public credit is impaired by righting this wrong. How impaired ? We should be honest as a nation as much as individuals. We should do what law, What equity, what good conscience require*; but when we do that,.l say, we must do no more, or we ourselves impair our own national credit. I would rather take the credit of any man in Wall street who would meet his obligations in letter and in spirit, but who would resist any attempt to extort more from him, than toe credit of a spooney who would suffer his creditor to come in and bully him out of more than he really owed. There is not a bond in the United States that is not in law, equity and good conscience payable in the old silver dollar. Why, take this Funding act! It requires that the bonds issued under it should be paid in coin, as authorized and fixed at toe date of that law, July 14,1870. That provision is printed on the face of every bond, so that every man who buys one can see that he is entitled to one or the other of these two dollars as they existed at the date of toe enactment of the law. Now, because some sneak-thief has slipped into our code a provision forbidding toe coinage’ of the old silver dollar, can it be justly said that we are deprived of toe option of paying the bonds in that dollar when they- mature twenty-five or thirty year* hence? We paid for the option, and we have the right to do -it. Suppose both our gold and our silver dollar had been demonetized by accident Or dteign, and suppose that paper had been created the only legal tender, what would the bondholder have then said to the people ? Why, he would have said: “I stand on my contract; it calls for either the gold or the silver dollar, as it was established on July 14, 1870. I ask no more, and will take no less.” Fellow-citizensl: I feel that in dwelling on this subject I affi almost wasting your time, because toe remonetization of the old silver dollar is already a foregone conclusion. More than two-thirds of both houses of Congress have plainly indicated their purpose to restore that dollar, veto or ho veto, and it will not be sixty days until that dollar, which for eighty years in this republic was a standard of valued a legal tender for all debts, public and private, will be restored to* ottf eoiffage and currency, with its undimmed monetary power. But, fellow-citizens, I fear that the recoinage of the old dollar will disappoint both its friends audits enemies. (Voice: ‘'That’s so; I hope it will.”) Welt, I can’t say I hope so, but it will be so. As I said before, the drive for the demonetization of silver was made chieflyjat the United States. We produce 60 per cent, of the silvex and Great Britain and her colonies 60 • per cento of.thegold of the world. We being thegreapdftbtot nation, the aim was to hamstring us and make our vast public corporate and private debts, held abroad, payable in a metal of which we have no chief command. The restriction of the silver coinage by toe Latin Union was a mere defensive expedient to prevent gold coin from going out and the silver from taking Its place in those nations. Let us restore the silver dollar, and Germany, who already halts and hesitates over the’question, will probably restore it, the Latin Union will probably remove its restrictions and toe chances are that silver will return to its old place as the. common currency Of the world in every nation except Great Britain. Remonetization will bring gold down and send silver up until there is but little difference between the two, and then nobody in this ■Country will be particularly hurt by the restoration of the silver dollar. What I am afraid of is that the great masses of distressed people are not to be immediately

helped by this restoration. Demonetization did not bring this great distress on the country, and,remowet.ization will not give us immediate relief. It will ultimately make the payment of the public debt in the future vastly easier apd add largely to our currency, bat it will not dispel the nightmare now oppressing every industry in the land. There is but one thing that will do that, and that is the repeal of the resumption scheme, which, by reason of the enormous contraction of our paper currency which!'ita «»eqatito. inevtta|>iy irivOKes. is stfe-inldTiff. taid shriveling np eviry value in this exMlpt the of the doUar That Resumption law had two objects. One was the contraction of the currency to a volume possible to be held redeemable in gold by the IsCof January, 1879, and the consequent shrinkage of the value of all land, and ©f all products of the field and shop, and the consequent enormous increase of the value of all safe money securities. Its further object was one much more lasting, though not so immediately productive of distress to the people—to take from the people’s government all control over the paper currency, which necessarily must be the chief currency, and put that control in the hands of the money power through confederated national banks. These objects are not only of vast immediate effect, but they are far-reaching. They strike at the very foundation of our republican system of Government. They are apparent to the minds of the people who dwell in the great Mississippi valley and the South Atlantic States, for there the press is free and open to the discussion of both sides, and they have aroused a great agitation in the heart of this country, which is shaking up party affiliations and reforming party lines. The Democratic party is not only adhering to the faith of the fathers, but, better than that, it is right in principle. Why should the power to issue money be given to any individual ? It is a sovereign function and has been so treated throughout the world’s history, and well it may be. How vast a power it is. There is no law of political economy more generally, recognized than that the rise or decline of values is regulated by the expansion or contraction of the currency. Suppose there be $500,000,000 of paper money, and that its issue is controlled by private corporations. There are about fifty billions of other property in the country, all measured by this petty sum of money. By increasing that $500,000,000 of money to the extent of one-fifth, they increase the selling price of the property in the country $10,000,000,000, and by contracting the volume of the currency one-fifth they decrease the value of property in the same proportion. And with the power in the possession of the confederate corporations they can make hard times and good times at their pleasure and rob the masses at every change of values. Hence, if this plan for resumption could be executed without any immediate danger to the business of the country, it would be an immense evil for the future. But it cannot be carried into effect without not only endangering but massacring the business of the people. Why? Because it inevitably involves the contraction of the currency to one-third or onefourth of its present volume, and consequently involves the shrinkage of all values—whether land or products or labor —in substantially the proportion of the contraction of the currency. That has been demonstrated over and over again in our own history. Every period of a contraction of the currency has been a period of a decline in values, and every period of expansion has witnessed a continuous rise in values.

Now, why must we have such a large contraction of the currency to reach resumption ? Because the amount of paper money that we can keep afloat, redeemable in coin, depends on the amount of coin we can get and keep in this country. No nation on this earth ever maintained'specie payments with a volume of paper money as large as the volume of coin in the country. In France, England and Germany the amount of coin in the country exceeds three-fold the amount of paper money. And why ? Because the banks cannot get control of one-third or one-fourth of the coin in the country. Before the war wo had $285,000,000 of coin in the country. How much have we now ? Well, we have not nearly that amount. Our mines have produced over $1,200,000,000 of gold and silver since the war, and it has gone abroad to pay our debts. We owe annual interest to the amount of $100,000,000 or $150,000,000. We pay yearly $30,000,000 to $40,000,000 for foreign travel and as much more for foreign shipping. And since the war broke out we have annually shipped abroad over $50,000,000 in excess of the coin and bullion we have imported. Even''last year, with an enormous balance of trade in our favor, we exported $16,000,000 more coin and bullion than we imported. We have now, by various estimates, from $150,000,000 to $200,000,000 of coin and bullion in the United States. We have about $650,000,000 of paper and not $200,000,000 of gold and silver m the country, and resumption is fixed for next New-Year’s day. It is as certain as the sun shines that the volume of the currency must be cut down to less than $200,000,000 to make it redeemable in coin. Mr. Sherman says that the resumption is possible, and yet, with all the powers of the Government at command to accumulate coin, in about three years’ time the treasury has accumulated only $33,000,000 applicable toresumption. Now, how are we going to get the coin to resume with ? Suppose we had $250,000,000 of coin and bullion in the United States, and, suppose the treasury should ruu up its $30,000,01)0 in gold to $60,000,000 or $70,000,000, resumption could not come even then, except through the destruction of two-thirds of our paper money. When England undertook resumption, in 1819, her situation was just the reverse of ours. All the world owed her. Her twenty years of unparalleled prosperity made her the mistress, of the seas—the manufacturer and merchant of the world. She might resume specie payment?, for she only had one-third as much paper money as we have. She owed nobody, while we owe everybody. But she, by that act of 1819, found it necessary to contract her paper money 45 per cent., shrinking all values on the island 45 per cent., bankrupting her manofacturers, bankrupting her debtors, filling her streets with idle workmen, and was obliged to increase her army 32,000 men to suppress her starving wage-men. An officer of the United States army told me the other day that we would have to increase our army 100,000 men to enable us to execute this Resumption law, to make people consent to be robbed of their property, and the laboring classes to starve in the streets. But no matter what may be the effect of the Resumption act, or what difficulties may attend its execution, I tell the authors and promoters of this atrocious law that the army of the United States will never be increased one man in order to enforce its provisions. Look along our coast at our shipping idle and rotting at their wharves. Look at our manufacturing regions everywhere and see the smokeless stacks. Go through the West and South, and see the manufacturers and tradesmen forced into bankruptcy and workingmen outcast and starving. Look around you and see it all, here on this island of Manhattan. Every industry everywhere is perishing. We hear the hard times imputed by the resumptionists to everything but the right cause. Over-production! With 3,000,000 working people—men, women and children—idle ! Over-production, with 5,000,000 or 6,000,000 of working people on half-time ! Over-produc-tion, when the cry is raised from the wage classes in every community in the land for bread and clothes ! Over-production? How preposterous! The panic of 1873, they say. The panic of 1873? Why, the effect of the panic was substantially over before this Resumption law passed. It was not a moneypanic, like the former ones. The money of the people was untouched and undisturbed by that panic, and everybody felt that if they could get a greenback or a national-bank note they would, at least, be safe. The industries of the country had revived before this Resumption law passed, as is shown by the tables of the business failures published in this city. But, when the Resumption law passed and the contraction commenced, then came the failures increasing every year, and the last three or four months is a period without parallel in the history of our country. Here, in this city alone, as the papers of this morning show, there were failures during January amounting to $7,000,000. From the time we began to approach resumption, every year has shown an increase of hard times and of distress and bankruptcy in all classes of industry. Did you ever think of the loss that this country is now undergoing? We have 3,000,000 of wage people idle. At $1 a day that is $3,000,000 a day—nearly $1,000,000,000 a year. Onehalf of our national debt wrested from the poorest class of our people, who, above all others, are able to bear no loss. We have shrunk cur debt-paying capacity 40 per cent., and added so much to our national debt We have put on the shoulders of the debtor class of this country $3,000,000,000 they have no right to bear—a clear piucp of legislative robbery. The debtor class does hot comprise the rich men of

$1.50 nor Annum.

NUMBER 1.

the country. The men who form it are our young and enterprising business men, the men above ail others the laws should foster. By this laiw we have simply robbed them of their accumulated property. Look at the taxpayers ; you shrink all the values 50 per cent., and you double the burden of all taxes. We pay already more taxes than any nation on the face of this earth. We pay $17.50 per head ; the Britons $11; the French about the same ; the Germans $9, and the Austrians a little over $7. Push on this scheme, bring down the value of labor and property to 25 per cent, of what they ’ were when that law passed, and I believe that there is not one business man in five that can pay his debts, or one property-owner ip five, who has a mortgage on his property, who can pay off his mortgages, and hardly a debtor community in the West and South but that will be driven to repudiation. It seems to me this money class are stricken with a madness akin to that which infected the leaders of the slave power, until it ended in the dest.uction of all they so blindly sought to preserve and perpetuate. A We have been told qn the flobt-of Congress what an outrage it is to the working people that they should uot have an honest dollar ! That they should have taken from them 10 per cent, of their wages and savings! But the real trouble with the wage people is that they have not got tho $1 to, lose the 10 per cent. of. They are not troubled much about the difference between greenbacks and gold. . The greenback has been rising in purchasing power until it will buy nearly double what it would two years ago, but their wages have been cut down more rapidly than the greenback rose—those who have had wages at all. Keep on shrinking the value of property on which the mortgages of our savings banks are placed, and I tell you that within one year from this day not one savings bank out of five in the United States can pay 25 cents on the dollar. Why, these savings banks and national banks have $2,000,060,000 of deposits that will all be payable in gold next New Year’s, and how many of them have got the gold to pay with ? But we are told that good faith demands that this law should stand, and the holders of greenbacks should be paid dollar for dollar in gold at all hazards and at any sacrifice. Does good faith demand it? Was the greenback issued as a debt? No, it was issued when gold and silver had fled—when the Government could get no money to carry on the war, and it was issued not as a forced loan, but as money. It carried us through the war. It has been the most safe, useful and acceptable currency the people of the United States ever had or ever will have.

'1 he speaker argued further that those who had hoarded greenbacks had no right to demand dollar for dollar in gold for them at such stupendous sacrifice to the people of the country. The speaker discussed the financial situation as it would be after resumption and after the people were driven to rely only on a bank currency, which he showed would necessarily be a panic-breeding system—throwing the business of the country into distress by frequent suspensions of specie payments. He thou continued : Fellow-citizens, I would not have left my duties in Congress to have come here to-night but for the hope that I might say something to rouse the masses hero to action in this supreme hour of peril. Three thousand incorporated institutions, holding $4,000,000,000 or $5,000,000,000 of wealth in money and money securities, have imposed this scheme of resumption and silver demonetization, have doubled their wealth and brought the business of the country down to a condition that almost threatens death. They would not have accomplished heir scheme of spoliation if it had not been for the humbug agitation about the South—which was an apple of discord thrown into our politics in 1868 by this cunning hand, which sought to distract only to rob them. Now that these Southern difficulties are settled, the great masses of the people, West and South, arc aroused to the injuries that have been inflicted, and are determined to repair them as far as possible. And how about the Northeast? We w’ant the masses here to join us. I know they would if they had the same chance we have to hear both sides of the question discussed. But your great papers are owned by the money power, and are blind to the people and deaf to their cries. A free press in a free country ought, at least, to give the people fair play. We who resist this resumption scheme are treated as a pack of lunatics—the most amiable term the New York press seem willing to apply to us. Now let any honest man look at our situation—at our utter poverty of coin, at our position as the fianancial slave of the world, at our large volume of paper money, at the inevitable contraction of the currency and consequent business distress, involved in the execution of this Resumption law—and, if ho does not concede that it will occasion losses that the country should not be called upon to endure, then either he is a lunatic or I am. The speaker then referred to the financial history of France and her action regarding resumption; although the Bank of France had accumulated nearly the entire amount of gold necessary to redeem her paper money, because the sum of $35,000,000 of gold was taken from the country, resumption was indefinitely postponed. Referring again to the condition of our country, be said : Laboring men of Nev York, you are suffering from the same cause exactly and in the same way as the millions of workers at the wharf, in the streets, at the forge, in the mine, at the spindle every where throughout our broad land. Merchants of New York, you are also plunging into tne gulf of bankruptcy exactly as are the merchants of the West and South.' Farmers of the Northeast, you are losing your homes by foreclosures, just as are your brethren of the West and South —for the crime of going in debt to improve your lands or to buy homes for your children. The industrial classes everywhere throughout the broad land are suffering intensely from the same terrible cause as your business men and laborers of Manhattan island. I know you have not the opportunity to act as have the people of the West and South. I know the power of a hostile press. I know the power of accumulated money capital. We of the West and South have shaken off these influences easily, but the. money-power sits enthroned on this island and its suburb States. But recollect there is no power in thia land that can withstand the people determined to vindicate their rights. Agitate, then ; discuss these questions. Yo.i can get halls somewhere, and, if you can’t, then discuss them on the street corners. Agitate! agitate !! and press, banks and politicians will succumb to the power of an aroused and intrepid people. I sincerely believe that this confederated money-power, if unchecked, will subvert our republican institutions. Owning the press, it makes it the enemy instead of the advocate of the people. It holds party machinery in its fist, and uses it to destroy the people. I don’t mean to make any tirade against wealth; I speak simply of the organized money-capital acting to control financial legislation in its interest, and regardless of the rights and interests of the great masses who create all power and riches. That power so organized as a political power is as' hostile to our free institutions as is the Mohammedan power to Christian civilization in Europe. We of the West and South have already shaken it off, and have driven it beyond the Balkans. Rise now and join us, and we will drive it to its old haunts beyond the Hellespont, to threaten free government in America no more forever!

Cost of Public Printing.

The following statement shows the total expenditures for printing, paper, binding, lithographing, mapping, etc., in the Government Printing Office, at Washington, during the last fifteen years: 1863. .$1,417,746.01 187151,633,778 81 1864 1,443,634.20 1872 1,802 343 27 1865 2.227,009.32 1873 1.911,536.18 1866 1,869,379.36 1874 1,757,769.46 1867 1,699,218.39 1876 1,678,823 46 1868 1,309,068.85 1876 1,617,469.09 1869 1,507,240.69 1877 (9 mons). 1,182.979.43 1870 1,609,859.82 T0ta1524,567,945.43

His Ruined Feeling.

“ No, I can’t pay you!” exclaimed he; “sure’s I stand here, I haven’t got a cent of money to my name!” And, bringing down his hand on the side of his leg, by way of emphasis, he all unintentionally awoke to the echo the slumbering dimes, quarters and half* dollars in his trowsers pocket. Then, as his creditor gazed into his eye, he wildly fled, while he gasped: “ Silver will be the ruin of this country yet!” In a hearing before a committee of the Maine Legislature, Neal Dow dedruggists’ shops as “the tyorst punishqps jp the State.”

k , ft* glltyljgimuiiratq JOB PRINTING OFFICE Has better facilities than any office tn Northwester* Indiana for the execution of all branchwi of JOB BRIZKTT XIXTCt. PROMPTNESS A SPECIALTY. Anything, from a Dodger to a Price-List, or from > Pamphlet to a Poster, black or colored, plain or fancy, SATISFACTION GUARANTEED.

PIUS IX.

Biographical Sketch of the Dead Roman rout iff. His life and Ins reign have both been prolonged, the latter beyond precedent. Giovanni Maria Mastai Ferretti was born May 13, 1792, in Sinigaglia, His parents intended him for the military profession. In 1802 he attended the college at Vattena, and in 1808 began at Rome his theological studies. In 1818, at the age of 26, he was ordained a priest, and in 1823 he accompanied the jPapal Legate to the newly-formed republic of Chili, and for two years resided in Santiago. In 1825, on his return to Romo, he was appointed President of a hospital, and two yeanTlater was appoined Archbishop of Spoletto. He was then 35 years of age. During the political disturbances of 1830—’31, he was Civil Administrator of the provinces of Spoletto and Perugia, displaying great ability in his civil duties. In 1832, he was translated to the See of Imola, and in December, 1839, was appointed CardinalPriest by Pope Gregory XVI. That Pope died in 1846, and on June 16, the college, by an unanimous vote, elected Cardinal Ferretti Pope. He was crowned Pope Juue 21, 1846, by the title of Pius IX. He has survived all those who par - ticipated in his ejection, aud the present College of Cardinals is exclusively of his own appointment. In this respect we suppose his reign is an exception. Though men holding the office of Pope have died at a more advanced age, there has been no other who had such a long reign, or who filled the days of Peter—that is served as Pope for twenty-five years. At the time of Lis death he lacked three months of being 86 years old ; had been a priest sixty, a Bishop fifty-one, a Cardinal thirty-eight, and Pope thirty-one years and seven months. Of the long list of 257 Popes, there have been but nine who served over twenty years. One of these, Pius VI., was Pope twenty-four years and six months. Twenty-five years is the term attributed to Peter, and no other Pope, exept Pius IX , has served a term of that length. Pius IX. began his reign by a general amnesty, and by a vigorous reform of the civil government of the Papal States, making personal investigations into abuses, and promptly applying the remedy. In 1847, he convened a popular council of delegates from the various provinces, and was looked upon idl over the world as the leading political reformer. The next year, 1848, revolutionary proceedings took place in all parts of Europe, and the Pope, refusing to approve or indorse the popular demands, ceased to be regarded as a reformer. In Rome he promised a liberal constitution, but his Ministry failed to satisfy the populace. A revolution took place; Count Rossi, the Minister of State, was killed, and the Romans forced the Pope to name a more radical Ministry. Declaring himself no longer free, he escaped to Gaeta. A republic was declared in Rome. He continued to reside at Gaeta until April, 1850, his authority having in the meantime been re-established by French arms. Among the many notable events of his Pontificate may be enumerated the following : 1852, re-established a Roman Catholic hierarchy in England ; 1854, after a convocation of Bishops, formally defined the dogma of the immaculate conception ; 1856, established English and American colleges at Rome ; 1862, canonized the Japanese martyrs ; 1864, the famous encyclical letter ; 1869-’7O, the convocation of the Council of the Vatican, and the declaration of the dogma of Papal infallibility. The political trials of Pius IX. have been almost continuous. He had been Pope but two years when he was forced to leave Rome by the revolutionists, and was restored two years after by a French army. In 1859 began the agitation fer the unification of Italy under one Government. The conquest of Lombardy, the annexation of Parma, Modena, and Tuscany, in were . s'gns that could not be mistaken. In 1861, the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies was overthrown, and that monarchy incorporated in the now recognized Kingdom of Italy. Then followed the annexation of Umbria and Ancona. These matters brought the King of Italy and the Pope into direct opposition. The Pope refused to recognize him as King of Italy, and there has been open contention ever since. The French army had been continued in Rome from 1848, and Rome was, by the intervention of the same Government, protected from Italian occupation; but in 1870, owing to the war with Prussia, France withdrew her troops, and in September of that year Italian troops entered the city. A popular vote taken soon after was in favor of annexation to Italy, and in January, 1871, Victor Emanuel entered Rome as the capital of the Kingdom of Italy. The protests of the Pope have been incessant and spirited. He has declared himself a prisoner in his own states, and no longer free in the discharge of his duties as spiritual father of the faithful. But no power has intervened in his behalf, and he has died, leaving the political states of his predecessors in the hands of the King of Italy. In June, 1877, was celebrated his golden jubilee of fifty years a Bishop. He was visited by pilgrims from all parts of the world, bearing to him large sums of money and other gifts.

Stanley’s Personnel.

Mr. Henry M. Stanley, since his return from Africa, has been described as a man slightly bent under a burden of memories of fevers aud cramps; with a boyish face, crowned with a shock of iron-gray hair, in curious contrast of effect with the black mustache ; with high cheek bones, a tanned skin, and the hands of a backwoodsman, roughened by cutting a way through forest and jungle, and carrying an elephant rifle firing a two-ounce ball. When he reached the ocean from the African interior he was so emaciated that he weighed only 119 pounds. In fifteen days thereafter he gained half a pound a day, and his sea voyage almost completely restored his health. From the moment he entered the African continent on one side, until he emerged from it on the other, he never received a letter nor a newspaper, nor heard a syllable of what was going on in the world. Mr. Stanley’s expedition is said to have cost $115,000, the expenses being divided equally between the New York Herald and the London Telegraph.

Her Feet.

Nellie has a 4-year-old sister, Mary—“Maite,” they call her. The other morning she complained to mamma that her “button shoes” were “hurting,” and mamma thought relief might come from changing right to left. “Why, Matie, you’ve put them on the wrong feet.” Puzzled and just ready to cry, die made answer, “What’ll Ido.mamma? They re all the feet I've got r