Democratic Sentinel, Volume 1, Number 49, Rensselaer, Jasper County, 18 January 1878 — Page 1

gfemocratiq Sentinel A. DEMOCRATIC NEWSPAPER PUBLISHED EVER! FRIDAY, »T TAMES W. McEWEN. TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION. One copy <«« 7*" * , - B0 One copy elx month* 1.01 One copy three month* M rWAdvertUlng rate* on application

NEWS SUMMARY

THE WAS IK THE EAST. The Servians have been badly defeated by the Turks in an engagement near Novi-Bazar. A Russian official telegram states that a Russian detachment which had crossed the Balkans by byways occupied on Tuesday a position in the rear of the Turkish fortifications in the Trajan pass. The Turks, being also attacked in front, abandoned their positions, which were occupied by the Russians, whose vanguard advanced in the direction of Teke. A Constantinople dispatch of the 10th says: “ The Council of Ministers have agreed upon the conditions of an armistice, and submitted them for the Snltan’s approval. In epening direct negotiations purely for a military armistice, the Porte is said to be acting upon Lord Dorby’s advice.” ► The appointment of Itaouf Pasha as Com-mander-in-Chief of the Turkish armies would seem to signify that the Porto is ready to make great concessions in the approaching peace negotiations. Raouf has been Minister of War in the Cabinet controlled by Mahmoud Damad, tho Multan's brother-in-law, whose voice has been for peace rather than for war during the entire campaign of last year. It is announced that Hami Pasha has beon appointed Grand Vizier in place of Edbem Pasha, resigned. A telegram from Constantinople announces that the Turkish, Ministry has beon reconstituted, but Server and Hafvet Pashas retain the portfolios of Foreign Affairs and Justice respectively. The Prince of Montenegro, having applied to tho Russian headquarters for inßtnictious relative to an armistice, lias been informed that he need not send an envoy, as tho Grand Duke would take oharge of his interests. A Pera correspondent sends the following: "Tho Porte has refused to allow tho questions of peaco and an armistice to bo considered together, as it was understood that theso questions wore to be kept separate during tho preliminary negotiations. I believe the Porte has determined that a defense of Adrianople is virtually impossible." It is officially stated that the term of armistice proposed by Turkey is six weeks. A Constantinople dispatch of tho 11th says: ‘ ‘ Tho Porto lias received the Russian answer to tho Turkish communication proposing an armistice, intimating that tho negotiations must be conducted on a basis of eventual peaco conditions. The reply of tho Grand Duke Nicholas to tho Turkish Commander-in-Chief, that ho would refer the latter’s overture for an armistice to. St. Petersburg, states that negotiations could only be conducted with himself, direct, and that, there could bo no question of an armistice without a basis for peace.” Russia’s demand that a peaco basis should be determined before an armistico would bd granted has been finally conceded by Turkey, and Sorver Pasha, Foreign Minister, and Narnyk Pasha, have been appointed to negotiate, with full powers, for a peace and an . armistice together. Acting under instructions from their respective Governments, Prince Reuss and Count Gorti, Ambassadors respectively of Germany and Italy at the Turkish capital, have informed the Porte that if it allows Great Britain to send her fleet to Constantinople, Germany and Italy will demand that permission to pass the Dardanelles bo granted to their fleets. As indicating the existence of an understanding between Germany and Italy in reference to the Eastern question, tho episode is not without significance. A Russian official telegram announces that the Turkish fleet has bombarded Eupatoria, in tho Crimea, damaging the barracks, guardhouses, arsenal, quarantine establishment, and some private residences. The Porte lias asked the Russian Government to state what conditions of peace would be satisfactory. Tho Cossacks have cut the Tirnova and Yamboli railway south of the Balkans. John Bright, in addressing his constituents at Birmingham, Eng., declared that he was strongly in favor of non-intervention in the Eastern war.

GENERAL FOREIGN NEWS. The Republicans have been signally victorious in the French municipal elections. Victor Emanuel, King of Italy, died at Rome on Wednesday, tho 9th inst., aged 58. His eldest son, Humbert, ascends tho throne as King of the Italians. A firo in Honolulu, Sandwich islands, devastated the esplanade portion of that city, destroying tho Government warehouses, tho wharves and sheds devoted to tho use cf ocean mail steamers, and a number of private buildings. Loss about $250,000; insurance, $63,000. A steam-tug has loft the river Thames for Ferreol, Spain, to take tho Cleopatra obelisk to London. Failures to the number of 1,890 were reported in the Dominion of Caqala in 1877, with liabilities of $25,500,000. A dispatch from Berlin says Russia is negotiating with other Baltic powers for the purpose of prohibiting the war vessels of nonBaltic powers from entering that sea. Demetrius Bulgaria, the well-known Greek politician, has just died of apoploxy. He was President of the Provisional Government of Athens in 1862, later President of the Council and Minister of the Interior, and at the time of his death Chief of the Greek Revolutionary Committee. The marriage of King Alphonso, of Spain, will be postponed for a few days from the date originally fixed, in consequence of the death of Victor Emmanuel. The recently liberated Fenians—McCarthy, Chambers, O'Brien and Davitt —were received at Dublin with great enthusiasm, an immense crowd greeting them at the station on their arrival. Henry M. Stanley was received with much honor at Rome. A splendid gold medal, the gift of the late King Victor Emmanuel, was presented to him. A destructive fire occurred in London, England, last week, in the warehouse of Crocker, Sons & Co., calico printers. Loss, over $1,000,000. C’hachapoyas, the capital of the Amazon, has been visited by an earthquake which demolished several houses and damaged many more. Fortunaioly there was no loss of life. Walk swaying to and fro, the groaning of roofs, the noise of falling tiles, the walls cracking and throwing out clouds of dust, combined with the shrieks, groans and desperation of the agonized inhabitants, made a frightful scene. Callao also experienced a severe shock of earthquake, but no damage was done.

DOMESTIC INTELLIGENCE. Hemy R. the private depositors who lost heavily by tho robbery of the Northampton Bank, has recovered $25,000 of Union .Pacific 6 per cent, gold bonds, with two o-r*’ Interest, at a cost of $6,000. a short t un« iff« lb* baa* burg}*?* pfedg*) sjos,ooo

The Democratic sentinel

JAS W. MoEWEN, Editor.

VOLUME I.

of the best railroad bonds for a loan of .SB,OOO. The bonds recovered were among the collaterals. The Pennsylvania Supreme Court has affirmed the sentence of death passed upon the “Mollie Maguires” Hester, Tully, McCue, and Kehoe. Dennis, tdias Buckeye Donnelly, another notorious “ Mollie Maguire,” has been sentenced to death at Pottsville for the murder of William Sanger, at Raven ran, in September, 1875. He made a speech before his sentence, declaring his innocence of the crime. The Great Barrington (Mass.) Savings Bank has suspended, pending investigation by the State Bank Commissioners. Its deposits arc $407,000, and its total liabilities, $414,000. Rev. Dr. J. C. Eccleston, of Trinity Church, Newark, N. J., the Bishop-elect of the Episcopal Diocese of West Virginia, has finally determined to decline the office tendered him. John F. Henry, Curran A Co., one of the largest firms in the patent and fancy medicine business, has suspended payment. The firm has been reputed worth over $500,000, but much of this was in patent-medicine rights. A heavy storm and gale occurred last week ou the coast of Maine, doing much damage. At Camden trees and fences were prostrated, the damage in the village exceeding SIO,OOO. At Eastport forty chimneys were blown down, and soveral small fishing-vessels went to pieces. The schooner Nightingale is ashore in Broad cove, and full of water. At Oldtown the steeple was blown from the Baptist church. Two schooners put into Seal harbor and went ashore on Norton’s island. Several schooners went ashore at Tenant’s harbor. A dispalch from Lynn, Mass., says: “Nearly the wholo city is on a strike, so far as the shoo business is concerned. The firm of C. S. Sweetzer & Co. drew up a petition for the workmen to sign, renouncing the Crispin organization and Board of Arbitration, or they would throw off their belts. The workmen replied defiantly, and sent word to the Crispin headquarters they wore ’holding the fort.’ Tho City Marshal has removed all the arms from the armories. There are 189 shoe manufacturing firms in tho city, and, if four-fifths shut down, 2,500 or 3,000 people will be thrown out of employment. Tho Crispins were engaged all the forenoon getting out a price-list, their ultimatum, but it will now ho unnecessary.” Tho Conway National Bank, at Conway, Mass., has been destroyed by fire. Tho Stato Savings Bank, at Trenton, N. J., has stopped payment. West. Gen. John O’Noill, tho well-known Fenian leader, died at Omaha, Neb., a few days ago, of paralysis. Tho Board of Trade of Chicago has adopted a memorial urging Congress to extend the time for completing the Northern Pacific railroad. ABannock City (Mont.) dispatch says : “Tho Bannock Indians are alarmingly aggressive. Bands are roaming over tho Beaver Head country, tearing down corrals and feeding farmers’ hay to their horses. The people are moving into Bannock from Horse prairie, fearing an outbreak. Several companies of troops are needed now at the head of Horse prairie, and if we don't get them immediately our ranches will bo deserted and destroyed.” So n tli. The banks composing tho Clearing-House Association of New Orleans have passed resolutions protesting against the remonetizing of silver. The business men of Nashville and the other Southern cities are agitating the ques tion of establishing direct trade with the West Indies. A delegation has gone to Havana with that object in view. At Concord, Ivy., recently, Deputy Sheriff Buggies, with a poßse, overtook the notorious Underwood brothers, who had been stealing horse%from farmers, and demanded their surrender. The Underwoods immediately fired at the party; instantly killing Buggies. The fire was returned, wounding both outlaws. It is thought the Underwoods would be lynched by the excited farmers. Heavy rains have caused another rise in the Virginia rivers. The bridge over the Staunton river, on the Richmond and Danville road, just replaced, was again swept away, the third time inside of two months. An iron bridge over the same river, on the Virginia and Midland road, between Lynchburg and Danville, was also washed away. This bridge was destroyed during the groat flood in November, and but recently replaced. The Roanoke river at Weldon, N. C., is very high, and the water ristog six to eight inches per hour. The railroad bridges at that point are threatened. Robert Fishburne and Walter S. Harley, of Walterboro, S. C., fought a duel near Savannah, Ga., last week—weapons, revolvers. Harley was fatally shot in the abdomen at the first fire.

POLITICAL POINTS. A special Washington telegram to the Chicago Trilmne says: “There are numerous printed statements to the effect that a number of members are coming back, determined to revise the electoral count, and to have an investigation of the Presidential election. Senator Conkling is credited with being the prime mover, and it is asserted that, while no attempt will be made to implicate President Hayes, efforts will be made to involve Stanley Matthews, Secretary Sherman, and Gen. Garfield in an alleged Presidential bargain. The name of Senator Howe, of Wisconsin, is quoted as the person who will consent to introduce the resolution in the Senate in behalf of Senator Conkling, while to Gen. Butler is attributed the leadership of the movement in the House. Democrats claim that there are affidavits in existence from Cassanave and Kenner, members of the Returning Board, in which these two worthies assert that there was a bargain for the Louisiana electoral vote, to which they were parties as members of the board, and that the bargain made with them has not been fulfilled. The name of Gen. Grant is also used as a party to this understanding.” The Republican State Convention of New Hampshire met at Concord last week, and nominated B. F. Prescott for Governor. Resolutions were adopted denouncing any legislation tending to repudiate the public debt, disapproving the remonetizing of silver, opposing money subsidies and land grants to private corporations, condemning as factious and mischievous any attempt to reopen the Presidential controversy, and the following in relation to the national administration: Resolved, That the Republicans of New Hampshire reaffirm and readopt the Cincinnati platform which pledged the party to these declarations and principles, to-wit: That the United States of America is a nation; the full protection of all citizens in the full enjoyment of all their rights; the permanent pacification of the Southern section of the Union ; redemption of the United States notes in coin by a continuous and steady progress to specie payments ; that Senators and Representatives who may be judges and accusers should not dictate appointments to office, the invariable rule for appointment to have reference to tire honesty, fidelity, and capability of the appointees, leaving to the party in power those plaoes where the harmony and vigor of the administration requires its policy to be represented ; the deprecation of all sectionftj feelings and tendencies; the speedy, thorough and ucspart&f prowouttos and punishment of all brtf*/ ofßotol trait*} cfftmm to briber

RENSSELAER, JASPER COUNTY, INDIANA, FRIDAY, JANUARY 18, 1878.

land grant* to corporations and monopolies; the adjustment of duties on imports for revenue so as to promote the interest of American labor and advance the prosperity of the whole people. . Resolved, That we recognize the paramount duty of President Hayes to render these high and solemn professions actual and living realities; and, while we admit honest difference of opinion in respect to past acts, we welcome and approve his patriotic and sincere efforts to keep faith with the people and secure to the whole country the blessings of a just, efficient and honest Republican national administration. A call is issued for a National Convention of the National party, to be held in Toledo, Ohio, on the 22d of February next. It reads as follows : The undersigned, believing the present financial policy of those in control of the Federal Government is destructive of the best interests of the people, and that if continued it will bring general ruin and unprecedented suffering on the industrial classes, and also believing that thorough organization and unity of action may induce those in power to take such Bteps as will avert such calamitous results, call upon thote, regardless of political affiliations, who will unite for independent action to select one delegate in each Congressional district, and afterwards, by proper authority, two delegates for each State at large, to meet in national convention, in the city of Toledo, on the 22d day of February, 1878, there to take such action as wisdom may dictate. Upward of 100 names are appended to the cal!, prominent among them being those of Wendell Phillips, of Massachusetts; Peter Cooper, of New York; Thomas D. Hoxey, of New Jersey; Alexander Campbell, of Illinois; Blanton Duncan, of Kentucky, and Moses W. Field, of Michigan. The Democrats and Greenbackcrs in the lower house of the Wisconsin Legislature formed a coalition and captured all the offices —the Greenbackers taking the Speakership, and the Democrats the remainder. In the lower house of the Maryland Legislature, list week, Montgomery Blair introduced a memorial asking Congress to investigate the title of Rutherford B. Hayes to the office of President. He made aD elaborate speech, in which he charged that President Hayes obtained his title to office through corrupt bargaining with the Louisiana Returning Board and his political opponents, and urged the importance to the country of obtaining a rightful solution of the question involved. Mr. Lieb, Republican, moved to lay the memorial on the table, and called for the ayes and noes, which resulted —ayes 13, noes 54. It was then referred to the Committee on Federal Relations. George 11. Pendleton will be elected United States Senator from Ohio, to succeed Stanley Matthews, whose term expires March 9, 1879, he having been nominated by a Democratic caucus. Senator Edmunds has embodied in a letter to the President, at the request of the latter, his views of the relations whrili should exist between the Executive and the Senators and Representatives in tho matter of nominations and appointments to office. The right or the propriety of dictation by members of the legislative branch of the Government is distinctly denied by Mr. Edmunds, who holds the belief that a custom which was of itself unobjectionable has grown into an abuse—that is, that from being invited to furnish information concerning the character and fitness of applicants for office, Senators and ‘Representatives have come to regard appointments as their prerogative. The annual meeting of the American Social Science Congress was held last week at Boston. David Ames Wells, of Norwich, Ct., was elected President for next year. Rev. H. Wines, of Illinois, and Thomaß Wentworth Higginson, of Rhode Island, were chosen delegates to the Prison Congress at Stockholm.

WASHINGTON NOTES. 8. A. Galpin, Chief Clerk of the Indian Bureau, has been removed by Secretary Sehurz on account of corrupt practices. The report submitted to Secretary Scburz by Joseph K. McCammon, of the Department of Justice, Capt. Thomas H. Bradley, United States army, and George M. Lockwood, Chief Clerk of tho Interior Department, the Board of Inquiry convened by him in June last to investigate the Indian service, is a very elaborate and luminous document. The report condemns ‘ ‘ the absence of regulation, system and method ” in the bureau’s administration ; also the suppression of charges against agents and contractors; the carrying on of semi-official correspondence by subordinates without authority; the careless disposal of records; the relinquishment of authority by responsible officers; the loss or disappearance of important papers, and the factious opposition by clerks and others to tho Board of Indian Commissioners. It also refers in terms of disgust to the “ unfitness of the Chief Clerk, the Corresponding C’erk, the Annuity Clerk, and others: theinompetency displayed in the accounts division: the inefficiency of the land division; the habitual lack of circumspection in tho finance division; the uselessness of the civilization division, and the demoralization of the bureau throughout.” McGarrahan’s big suit against the New Idria Mining Company, which involves the title to quicksilver mining property of vast value, and which has been fought in the courts and in Congress for abont fifteen years, has at last been decided against him in the United States Supreme Court. The Washington National Republican states upon what it “regards as high authority that the President will sign the Silver bill whenever it shall be submitted to him.”

MISCELLANEOUS GLEANINGS. Business embarrassments : M. Rader & Son, tobacco, New York, liabilities SIBO,OOO, assets $87,000; D. H. Brigham & Co., clothing, Springfield, Mass., liabilities $250,000 ; Second National Bank, St. Louis, Mo., no loss to depositors. The Hudson Bay Company’s bark Lady Tompson, from London with an assorted cargo, while entering Esqnimault harbor, Vancouver island, ran on a rock and is probably a total loss. The bark Osmyn, from Seattle, Hr San Francisco, collided with tho bark Am tela on the 9th inst., near Narrowstone point, Puget sound, and sunk. She was a -total loss. The Aureola was slightly injured. FORTY-FOURTH CONGRESS. Thursday, Jan. 10.--Senate.— Over forty Senators were in the Chamber before the Senate was called to order at n00n....A great part of the morning hour was taken up in the presentation of petitions in favor of the adoption of a sixteenth amendment to the constitution, prohibiting States from disfranchising persons on account of sex, all of which were referred to the Committee on Privileges and Elections... .A large number of bills were introduced and referred to appropriate committees, among them the following: By Mr. Sargent, to regulate Chinese immigration; by Mr. Plumb, to reorganize the pay department of the army; by Mr. Voorhees, in relation to prize money to all fleet officers; by Mr. Sargent, to relieve certain legal disabilities of women, providing that any woman who shall have been a member of the bar of the highest court of any State or Territory, or of the Supreme Court of the District of Columbia, for three years, shall, on motion, be admitted to practice before the Supreme Court of the United States; by Mr. Jones, of Florida, to repeal certain provisions of the acts of Congress making appropriation* for the support of the artuy,... Mr. Sargent submitted resolutions in re* to 4 sbtteems fmm iwffrai*),

“A Firm Adherence to Correct Principles ”

which were, on objection, laid over....Mr, Edmtrnds submitted a joint resolution proposing an amendment to the constitution of the United States, prohibiting States from making an appropriation for sectarian purposes. Referred to the Judiciary Committee.... A motion was made to hold a session on Saturday to allow a committee of women an opportunity to address the Senate on a proposed sixteenth amendment. Rejected—yeas, 13; nays, 31.... Adjourned till Monday. House. —The House met at noon, and 250 members responded o their names.. . The resolution reported by Mr. Wood, prior to the reef ss, directing investigations to be made into the management of the several departments of the Government, came up as the first business in order, it having been postponed till after the reading of the journal. .... Mr. Hewitt presented the petition of the New York Chamber of Commerce, praying for the passage of a bill to correct all errors in the assessment and collection of duties on imports, whether in favor of or against the Government. Referred to the Committee on Ways and Means.... The following bills were introduced and referred: By Mr. Luttrell. of California, to prohibit the employment of the Chinese, or Mongolians, on any public works of the United States; also, to prevent the naturalization of Chinese, or Mongolians; also, to punish and prevent the practice of polygamy in Territories and other places subject to the exclusive jurisdiction of the United States; by Mr. Cox, of New York, for the coinage of 5-cent silver coins, and the discontinuance of 5-cent nickel or copper coins. ... Mr. Wood’s resolution was then taken up in committee of the whole, and discussed, when Mr. Hale offered a substitute, which was adopted by 101 to 99. The committee then rose and reported to the House, which immediately adjourned. Friday, Jan. 11. —Senate.—Not in session. House. — The substitute of Mr. Hale to Mr. Wood’s investigation resolutions, as reported by the committee of the whole, being in order, Mr. Wood offered his original resolutions as a substitute. After some colloquy, they were passed as originally presented, by a vote of 111 to 107... .Bills were introduced and referred as follows : By Mr. Price, to promote the deposit of savings and the refunding of the national debt; by Mr. Sapp, authorizing the Secretary of the Treasury to issue coupon bonds of the denomination of sls, $25, SSO, and $l9O for the investment of savings.... After some unimportant business the House adjourned till Monday.

EXECUTIVE APPOINTMENTS.

Letter from Senator Edmunds to the President in Regard to Official Patronage. We give below the full text of the recent letter written by Senator Edmunds, of Vermont, to President Hayes, upon the subject of civilservice appointments. It was in answer to the President’s request for his opinions upon the subject: United States Senate Chamber, ) Washington, Dec. 29, 1877. ( Mn. President: Returning from an absence from town I find your note of the 17th inst. In it. referring to a prior conversation between us in relation to (he Intervention of Senators and Representatives in respect to nominations and appointments by the Executive Department of the Government, you ask me to give you my views and experience on the subject. I do so with greater pleasure and freedom from the circumstance that your views and my own concerning what ought to be the independence of the Executive in making nominations and submitting treaties, and the independence of the Senate in acting thereon, are entirely in accord, and that I believe this independence would be made mncli more perfect if what is suggested below could be carried into practice. In the great number of selections required to be made to fill the necessary offices in all. parts of the Republic, the capacity and character, and in many instances the opinions, of persons suggested for place ought to be known, and most generally be ascertained by information from some source extraneous to the Executive Department. It has not been possible generally for the President or heads of departments personally to know the propriety of a particular selection. This has naturally led to the practice of applicants for place and citizens recommending them communicating with the Executive branch of the Government through the Senators and Representatives in Congress, and reciprocally to the President and heads of departments asking and receiving the information and sometimes tlio advice of Senators and Representatives on the subject. So far, I think the, process was natural and reasonable, and perhaps in a degree necessary, as the simplest and safest means of the Executive Department acquiring indispensable information. But, as in almost every kind of affair unrestricted by positive and binding limitations, a useful habit becomes a custom, and the custom gradually transformed itself from its true nature as a means of information into the course of practically disposing of Executive local appointments according so the judgment or the will of Senators and Representatives. They came gradually to volunteer recommendations in every instance, and the Executive Department in like manner came to receive and treat such recommendations as final as a relief from personal scrutiny of testimonials and objections, and from much of the sense of responsibility for selections. This was evidently an abuse and perversion of the constitutional theory of appointments as well as of a salutary process in administration. The effect, of this was of course not beneficial. The citizen securing the prize of office became too often (he personal adherent of the Senator or member who secured him the place, and the disappointed ones became the reverse. Senators and members were sometimes influenced in their recommendations by considerations of ambition or of gratitude to those who had rendered or were expected to render aid to their personal aintE in politics. The liberty of free political expression and action belonging to the place-holder as a citizen became also somewhat cramped and embarrassed. Perhaps still more injurious to the public interest was the entanglement of the relations between Senators and Representatives and the Executive Department. Who can measure in such cases how much of Executive action in appointment is due to a desire to secure an appropriation, or avoid an investigation, or encourage or reward a legislative or Senatorial following ? Who can tell in such a case how far the Senator who votes for or against a favorite treaty or nomination, or the Representative who votes for or against an apDropriation or an inquiry, has been moved directly by what has been or what is expected to be done or omitted by the executive branch in the direction of his wishes ? I hardly need say that these things do not imply corruption in the ordinary Bense on any one. They imply rather bias or prejudice and perversion of judgment arising from self-interest and absence of power and success, from which human nature is nowhere free. The distinct separation and independence of the various branches of the Government rest upon principles drawn from universal experience, and they cannot be too strongly maintained. The Senate and House of Representatives must in their spheres watch, and scrutinize, and deal with, if need be, every step of the executive departments, and they in their turn must administer the law as it is through proper agents, free from the dictation of members of the legislative branch, and from the temptation either to yield to (heir domination or influence, or corrupt them by the bestowal of patronage. It may be that these suggestions are simple truisms, but "they are those that cannot be too often repeated. They are stated in more general terms in the formal declarations of both the political parties of the country at their last conventions. How, then, shall we follow them 7 It has appeared to me that much could be accomplished in the right direction by the absolute abstention of Senators and Representatives from recommending particular appointments at all, unless their advice should be asked by the Executive Department, and, accordingly, since the incoming of the present administration, I have endeavored consistently and steadily to abstain from doing so, and I believe I have kept my purpose. I have thought it consistent with this position, when applications or recommendations for place were sent me, to forward them to the proper office, with a written statement or memorandum of the character and standing of the signers, if known to me, and I .have thought it right, indeed a duty, whenever any of my constituents in the employment of the executive departments have complained of its action as unjust in respect to him, to make the necessary inquiries and endeavor to to rectify what should appear to be wrong. These, I think, ought to be the clear and positive boundaries in respect of appointments between the members of the two branches of the Government. lam gratified in believing that the course is satisfactory to my constituents, and in feeling that neither my official course nor that of the Executive Department, so far as I am concerned, can be affected by the influences to which I have alluded. But to have proper and fair effect, whatever course is pursued ought to be uniform, constant, and universal. Any system will be rad ically vicious and will fail that opens the candidacy for the duties and honorß of public trust to citizens of a State or section only, upon the previous knowledge of the executive branch or the simple recommendations of private persons, while there is brought to bear for the candidates of other States and sections the powerful and personal solicitations of Senators and Representatives whose gratitude for success may be drawn upon in an emergency, or whose disappointment in failure may prejudice them against some necessary measures recommended by the Executive. It can be easily seen, too. that there would be no gain to the public welfare if the practice of following the volunteer recommendations of Senators and Representatives were to give place to the influence of private citizens or to a business of brokerage in offices, as it is said has sometimes happened. It is not probable that the fitness of the persons appointed would be increased by such a change as this, and it is clear that the responsibility of the promoters of such appointments would be less, as they would be less easily ascertained, and would not have so strong motives to satisfy public opinion as those who have been elected to the House or Senate by their fellow-citizens, and who are generally supposed to desire fresh proofs of public confidence. With the vast extent of our territory and population the number of placeholders has of necessity become very great, and the means of personal or other definite knowledge of men by the executive branch has proportionally decreased. 1 and in the same degree the evils of patronage, in whatever hands it is to praotically exist, increased. I think these can be greatly jsltigated by an entire cessation by Senators and Representatives whatever from advice or solicitations respecting »ppoij?tei9gts, and by (fee wtefc’UteffiWit by l*w tit

definite regulations respecting selections for many officers and employments, and the terms upon which they shall be held, so that the executive branch and the legislative department may be and feel perfectly free in their respective spheres, and so that the holders of office may feel also that they are the servants of the law and not the personal tenants at will in their places of either heads of departments of Congressmen. I am respectfully yours, George F. Edmunds.

THE SHIP OF STATE.

Legislatures in Session—Their Political Complexion—Executive Messages, State Finances, Etc. The Legislatures of New York, Virginia, Pennsylvania, Maine, Maryland, Ohio, Massachusetts, California, New Jersey, Kentucky, lowa, Wisconsin, Minnesota, Connecticut, Louisiana and Mississippi are now in session, and the messages of their respective Executives have been delivered. We present below figures showing the political status of the several Legislatures, together with a statement of the finances of the States, as gleaned from the Governors’ messages: New York.— Senate, 19 Republicans and 13 Democrats ; House, 66 Republicans, 61 Democrats, 1 Independent; Republican majority on joint ballot, 10. Gov. Robinson’s message shows the total debt of the State, after applying the sinking fund, to be $8,707,663. The actual reduction of the debt during the year by cancellation is $12,358,843. The bounty debt has been finally extinguished. The gross canal tolls for the year were SBBO,OOO, a lower amount of receipts than has been known for forty-five years. The Legislature is urged to take a strict account of life-insurance companies and savings banks, and hold them to exact accountability. The Governor favors tho resumption of specie payments Jan. 1, 1879. Virginia. —Senate, 28 Democrats, 4 Republicans, 1 Independent; House, 102 Democrats, 9 Republicans, 21 Independents; Democratic majority on joint ballot, 95. The new Governor, F. W. Holliday, in his inaugural address, takes the strongest grounds for the maintenance of the State’s credit, making points that the debt was created to provide improvements which the State now possesses, and from which it daily derives profit; that the war effected no change in the relations between the State and its creditors ; that no one questions tho obligations of the debt, and the laws under which it was created, in the benefits conferred on the State by the property its proceeds bought, and that the General Assembly should direct its utmost efforts to the question how to pay. He denounces the course of those who seem to strive how not to pay. Pennsylvania. —Senate, 31 Republicans and 19 Democrats ; Honse, 119 Republicans and 82 Democrats; Republican majority on joint ballot, 49. Gov. Hartranft’s message shows the State debt to be $22,943,814. The July riots cost the Stato $500,000, and there is a deficit in the year’s receipts of nearly $1,000,000, for which the Governor recommends that provision be made by the diversion of the sinking fund into the general fund, and by the strictest economy in all departments of the State Government,. The Governor declares in favor of a national postal savings bank, Maine. —Senate, 27 Republicans, 4 Democrats ; House, 97 Republicans, 52 Democrats, 1 Greenbacker, 1 Independent; Republican majority on joint baßot, 66. Gov. Connor’s message is devoted almost exclusively to local and State matters. He deprecates the passage of the Silver bill, and urges the stimulation of agricultural pursuits as one of the most important factors in the prosperity of the State. The savings-bank of the State have deposits of $25,092,872—a decrease of $1,633,298. Maryland. —Senate, 17 Democrats, 7 Republicans, 2 Independents; House, 65 Democrats, 19 Republicans ; Democratic majority in joint ballot, 54. The Governor’s message shows that the net debt of the State for which interest must be provided is $6,396,'322. Ohio. —Senate, 25 Democrats, 10 Republicans ; House, 66 Democrats, 41 Republicans, 3 Nationals ; Democratic majority on joint ballot, 37. Gov. Young’s message shows among other things that $5,000 has been paid on the State debt during the past year, and the funded debt now outstanding is $6,479,505. "The total indebtedness aggregates $39,328,569, and the irreducible debt is $4,231,404, making the grand aggregate debt of the State $50,030,478. The total of the taxes levied in 1877 collectible in 1878 is $29,527,749. A recommendation is made that a law be passed to temporarily restore the levy for State tax to mills, and that the same remediate legislation be had to enforce uniformity and equity in taxing property according to its true value in money. Massachusetts. —Senate, 35 Republicans, 5 Democrats ; House, 171 Republicans, 74 Democrats; Republican majority on joint ballot, 132. Gov. Rice, in his message, recommends the constitutional amendments to prolong the tenure of the executive and legislative officers of the Government, and also recommends biennial sessions of the Legislature. The amount of the State debt Jan. 1, 1878, was $33,550,464 — a reduction during 1877 of $330,000. California. —Senate. 28 Democrats, 11 Republicans, 1 Independent; House, 54 Democrats, 24 Republicans, 2 Independents ; Democratic majority on joint ballot, 46. We have seen no report of the Governor’s message. New Jersey. —Senate, 12 Democrats, 9 Republicans ; Honse, 33 Democrats, 27 Republicans ; Democratic majority on joint ballot, 9. The Governor’s message shows the State finances to be in good condition. He says : I anticipate no embarrassment in confining the ordinary State tax to 1 mill. That rate will produce $568,250, which will be the only revenue raised directly from the people for ordinary expenditure. The net earnings of the State prison last year were $12,129. The whole expense of the State on account of the riots was $55,000. Kentucky. —Senate, 32 Democrats, 6 Republicans ; House, 89 Democrats, 11 Republicans ; Democratic majority on joint ballot, 104. We have not seen the Executive message. Wisconsin. —Senate, 21 Republicans, 12 Democrats ; House, 48 Republicans, 42 Democrats, 7 Greenbackers, 1 Socialist; Republican majority on joint ballot, 7. From the message of the incoming Gov. Smith we learn that “ the State indebtedness remains as at the close of the preceding fiscal year, and is represented by bonds outstanding, $14,000 ; currency certificates, $57 : certificates of indebtedness to trust funds, $2,238,000 ; total, $2,252,057. In addition to tbis, the Secretary of State reports the total indebtedness of the counties, cities, towns, villages and school districts in the State as amounting to $9,658,546.04, which, added to the State debt proper, makes the total public indebtedness of the people of Wisconsin $11,910,602.04 ; being somewhat less than 8% per cent, of the total assessed valuation.” lowa. Senate, 38 Republicans, 12 Democrats ; House, 73 Republicans, 25 Democrats, 2 Independents. Minnesota. —President of the Senate, ; Speaker of the House, C. A. Gilman. Both branches are largely Republican. The Governor’s message makes a flattering exhibit of the State’s finances. Connecticut.— The Legislature is Republican by a small majority. The Governor’s message is brief, and makes a favorable showing of the commonwealth’s finances. Louisiana. —The Democrats have a fair working ma jority in both branches of the Legislature. From Gov. Nicholls’ message we learn that the total consolidated interest-bear-ing debt is about $11,800,000. In consequence of the abstraction of the books from the Auditor’s office, it is impossible to learn the amount of the floating debt. The Governor takes a hopeful view of the future of the State. Mississippi. —The Legislature of Mississippi is largely Democratic in both branches. The message of Gov. Stone shows a very healthy condition of the State’s finances, and a decrease in taxation of 9 mills since 1874. The bonded debt is $680,500. The State warrants are at paiv The State’s charitable institutions and public schools are in a prosperous condition. Fashion Notes. Ball dresses of tulle have hummingbirds for trimmings. New portmonnaies have a place for a picture on the cover. The latest albums have a handle attached, by which they may be held. A pretty and new device for the toilettable is a bird cologne-holder. Whole toilet sets are shown in filigree silver, and are the prettiest things out. Orange blossoms for bridal dresses are perfumed with the essence of the flower. Punches <4 oyange blossoms are placed

on the instep of the satin shoes worn by brides. The newest reception dresses are made of the Duchess brocades, in either pale pink, blue, or cream color. A ribbon an inch and a half wide, around the waist, tied in a bow in front, is worn with the Princesse dress. Chinese and Japanese vie with each other for supremacy in decorations, almost to the exclusion of other styles. New photograph stands are in the shape of an open book held by a Cupid, the bookstand and Cupid all in gilt. White lace mittens are more stylish for evening wear than kid gloves; they afford an opportunity for a fine display of rings. —New York Tribune.

THAT “BARGAIN.”

The Administration Side.of the Story. Gen. H. Y. Boynton, the Washington correspondent of the Cincinnati Gazette, has published the administration side of the story about the alleged bargaining between certain Southern Democrats and the friends of President Hayes. Gen. Boynton says : The attention of Republicans in Washington was first pointedly directed to the state of feeling among Southern Democrats, by the marked uneasiness of the Northern wing of their party, caused by the publication of what will be remembered as the Roberts interview with Gov. Hayes at Columbus. For the purpose of this discussion it is not necessary to inquire whether that interview was correctly or incorrectly reported, but, as printed, it at once became tho handwriting on tiie wall to Mr. Tilden’s personal adherents. Emissaries from Liberty street came, post haste, to Washington, to sound Southern men and see if there was any response among them to a sentiment that would prefer Hayes, with an assured liberal policy, to Tilden, with the certainty of general trouble. Their anxiety and the general uneasiness among their friends in Congress disclosed the situation to Republicans, and by the middle of December some of the most prominent among the latter had fully grasped its moaning and its possibilities. Republicans who gave themselves earnestly to the study of the situation found a general agreement among Southern Democrats upon several subjects. 1. They were more concerned with regaining local self-government than they were with the success of Tilden. The national administration had grown to seem of far less importance to them than the control of their own State affairs. 2. They had never been reconciled to the way the New York element had forced Tilden upon the Democracy of the South and West at St. Louis. 3. They were disgusted with his letter on Southern claims, not so much because they were looking to their payment, but because they regarded it as an assumption on Tilden’s part that he could safely truckle to Northren sentiment at the expense of the South, since the latter could not refuse him support under any snubbing whatever. 4. They felt that any interference with a constitutional count of the electoral votes meant revolution, and as Southern men, and in the main Southern soldiers, understanding from sore experience what was involved, they were united almost to a man in the agreement that in no event should the Democrats of the House be allowed to plunge the country into war. They saw that they held the balance of power in their party, and they patriotically resolved to use it for peace. 5. A number of them were considering whether, in case the utterances of Gov. Hayes’ letter of acceptance in regard to the South meant what the language implied, the South would not be better off at the end of four years of such Republican rule than to have the general disorder and disruption of social quiet continue, as it certainly would continue, through a Democratic administration, with the certainty that, at,the end of four years, the same struggle through which the South had just passed would be repeated. In short, a number of prominent Southern men were earnestly considering whether, in case Hayes should honestly and earnestly set himself about carrying into effect the ideas of his letter of acceptance, it would not be far better for the quiet and material interests of the South, or whether the shortest road to a just and permanent reconstruction did not lie through a Republican administration under Gov. Hayes. These were the elements of Southern thought which a number of Republicans found to be questions of earnest though quiet discussion. That they should instantly avail themselves of this knowledge to widen the opening breach between Tilden’s personal adherents and these cooler Southern men was entirely natural. That they should have been active in this work was one of the necessities of the situation. The country was on the brink of anarchy then. It is easy to look back from present quiet, and denounce all attempts to avert civil war as bargains, but some of those who are busiest in such denunciations now—and some editors, too—should reflect upon what they thought statesmanship and honoaable and just dealing then. And now for the bargaining that took place. These Republicans who were in a position to know the Liberal policy toward the South which Gov. Hayes had decided upon, and which he had announced clearly in his letter of acceptance, simply took occasion to assure those Southern Democrats that what Hayes had thus promised would certainly he fulfilled ; that carpet-bag rale, making clear distinctions between Southern Republicans and carpet-bag element properwould not be encouraged ; that local govern, ment or proper home-rule would be ; tfiat all who desired to come into accord with a national administration for the purpose of completing a lasting reconstruction and assuring peace to the South, would be cordially received ; and that all the results of the war and all new rights to the new citizens would be insisted upon and protected. There was no promise to individuals, and nothing that approached the character of bargaining. It was tho announcement of a predetermined policy on the one hand, and a reception of it as the best present attainable good for the South on the other.

Sale of Curios the Bead-Letter Office. The Postoffice Department has prepared a catalogue of over 10,000 articles accumulated at the Dead Letter Office, to be sold at auction soon. The catalogue includes 1,275 lots of jewelry, 2,161 books, engravings, cliromos, etc., and over 6,000 miscellaneous articles, embracing almost every description of wearing apparel, from babies’ socks to women’s dresses, and a heterogenous collection of objects, in the enumeration of which are specified such extremely miscellaneous articles as candlesticks, clocks, revolvers, wax toys, false hair, Easter eggs, feathers, surgical instruments, stuffed lizards, bed-quilts and preserved potato-bugs. Chief Joseph’s Band. The Nez Perces, 87 braves, 184 squaws, 78 boys and 69 girls, all the tnbe, except the 80 warriors and 190 women ana children that White Bird took across the line, are camped on the race-course at Leavenworth, Kan., having the run of the country near by. Rations are issued to them. They have dug a hole forty feet in diameter beside the Missouri river, where, having previously warmed the water by casting heated stones into it, they bathe daily, no matter how cold the weather. Chief Joseph wants to be sent back to his old reservation and to take his tribe with him.

Immigration Falling Off. The annual report of the Commissioners of Immigration shows that there arrived at New York during 1877, 54,536 alien passengers, 16,729 less than during the year preceding. Of the number, 46,267 were steerage and 8,269 cabin passengers. Germany furnished 17,753 of the emigrants, Ireland 8,221, England 6,652, Sweden 3,710, Italy 2,832, Russia, 2,391* Immigration has decreased fr/wa 288,418 in 1866 to 54,536 iast year. v *

$1.50 uer Annum.

NUMBER 49.

THE FINANCIAL QUESTION.

The Real President. [From the Cincinnati Enquirer.] It is possible for two or three gentlemen iu this country who hold no political place, and who seem to be divorced from politics, while sitting in resplendent apartments and idly sipping champagne, to impose, by an indifferent word, a tax of $30,000,000 per annum upon the producers of the Northwest. This is an enormous power for unofficial men to wield. It would seem that the productive energies of a great people were really in the hands of these two or three voters who appear to take no part in the making of the laws, and who would, therefore, be supposed to be powerless to impose a tax affecting the welfare of the vast producing sections of the country. But what if these two or three gentlemen happen to be railroad Presidents ? The proposition is made ito make the rate so much; the other two gentlemen say: “Very well! let us make it that,” and in a minute the thing is done. Some other Presidents were assembled in New York on Saturday. Theywere gentlemen to whom even railroad Presidents must take off their hats. They occupy the throne. They preside over transportation not only, but all trade. They own the machinery by which all the business of the country is conducted. If the farmer buys a plow, or the washerwoman a loaf of bread, or the protective tariff man or the resumptiomst a Congressman, or a few patriots a Secretary of the Treasury, the omnipresent finger of these gentlemen is somewhere somehow felt. These are Presidents of banks. They were holding a meeting two days ago in New York, the city of banks, and of bank rule. They adopted some resolutions. They are as follows : Resolved , That, in view of the bill now under consideration in "Congress, which proposes, in effect, to supersede the existing law requiring the redemption of legal-tender notes iu gold coin, on and after the Ist of January, 1879, by making silver dollars of 412>£ grains a legal standard for the payment of all debts and measures of commercial operations in tho United States, it is the duty of bank officers to seriously inquire what effect so important a change in the circulating medium will have upon the conduct of general business, and upon the respective institutions under their charge, and what practical measures, if any, can be adopted to preserve their various trusts from the serious decline which will inevitably follow the passag e of the bill in question. Resolved, That a copy of these resolutions be telegraphed to the clearing houses of Boston, Philadelphia and Baltimore, inviting bank officers there to consider the same, and, if practicable, to send delegates to attend our meeting, Wednesday next, with a view to mutual counsel and concerted action. Resolved, That the Presidents of trust companies, savings banks and life insurance companies in this city be also invited to attend the same meeting and to participate in the discussion. It is proper for citizens to assemble themselves together and adopt resolutions designed to influence the action of the national Legislature. It is easier for bank Presidents to assemble than for the people, but. there have been some gatherings of the people to give expression to opinions on this topic. We don’t know how many met at the concourse of the bank Presidents, but in the West, when a meeting of the people is held and resolutions are adopted on this topic, the resolutions utter the voice of two thousand, three thousand, four thousand, five thousand people present, and of many more thousands of people who are not present. The resolutions of the people are exceedingly unlike these resolutions of the bank Presidents, but the fact that the Presidents of the banks are driven to the extremity of meeting and adopting resolutions at all is an indication favorable to the people. The monoy power has usually accomplished its purposes in the dark. These resolutions of the money power and their authors are deserving of some attention. The Chairman of the committee provided for in the resolutions is Mr. George S. Coe. He must be the very Coe that proposed that the national banks and John Sherman execute the Resumption act by taking the Government’s gold, the little it might have, and using it for banking purposes, and then lending to the Government, on good collaterals, the ability to. resume. The national banks were not only to orvn the business of the country, but the Government itself. This Coe must be the President of the New York ClearingHouse, whose members are all opposed to an “inflation” of the currency, and are agonizing for a “sound” medium of exchange, redeemable at any moment in gold, and who conduct exchanges to the extent Of $21,000,000,000 annually, simply by swapping promises. Mr. Wm. A. Camp, manager of the same clearinghouse, was Secretary of the meeting that adopted these resolutions. He is the man who records the fact that the machine of which he is an officer inflates the currency in his city till its exchanges reach $61,'500,000 in six hours, almost no money changing hands, and he, too, howls at the millions of people in the West and South who have no clearing-houses, and who lack the machinery for the conduct of business. He is in favor of gold, of wiping out the greenbacks because they are “ irredeemable,” but his clearing-house is composed of but fifty-eight banks, and, of the more than $60,000,000 in promises it swaps daily, not a dollar is redeemable in gold, and but few dollars are exchanged even in “ lawful money.” These are the men who meet to devise “practical measures” to preserve their various interests from the “serious decline which will inevitably follow the passage” of the Silver bill. What do these bank Presidents desire ? What do they propose to do ? The resolutions say that the same shall be “telegraphed.” The money-lenders are in haste. Telegraphed to whom ? To the clearing-houses of Boston, Philadelphia and Baltimore,” who are invited to join in this consultation of money-lenders, to prevent the enactment of the laws demanded by the people. The ‘ ‘ Presidents of the trust companies, savings banks and life insurance companies.” Were not two of these fellows sent to the penitentiary within a few days ? Hasn’t something been said almost every day of late about one or more of these institutions having failed, swallowing the earnings of the widow and the orphan, and the numberless needy ? , Are the institutions for the everlasting burial of savings, and the “insurance” of nothing but poverty to the policy-holder, to dictate the financial legislation of the country ? Are they the parties to talk about “nonest money ?” Are these the men who should prevent the passage of the Silver bill or hinder the repeal of the Resumption act? It costs us a large sum of money daily to print the story of the Bonners, and the Lamberts, and the Bunns, and the others whose names are even more familiar to our readers. The meeting of the bankers in New Orleans on Paturdsy, pißaultaneonsly with that

£jemocruiii[ Sentinel JOB PRINTING OFFICE Bu better tseDIUM then any office in Iforffnreaters Indiana for the execution of all broncho* of JOB PRINTING. PROMPTNESS A SPECIALTY. Anything, from a Dodger to a Prioe-Uet, or from a Pamphlet to a Poster, black or colored, plain or fancy. SATISFACTION GUARANTEED.

of the New Yorkers, is a further indication that the consolidated power of the banks will be brought to bear upon the settlement of these financial questions in Congress. Will Congress listen to these men or to the people ? And are these Presidents to be the real President of the United States ?

The Gold Conspiracy.

[From the New York Graphic.] In one year we are to resume specie payments. Money must then be either specie or convertible at will into specie. The Government has outstanding, in round numbers, $350,000,000 of greenbacks; the national banks have $320,000,000 of circulation; total, $670,000,000 of currency. Resumption means that the holder of these notes can at will obtain specie for them. Now, experience shows that specie payments cannot be maintained without at least one-third ns much specie as paper. That is, the Government and the banks must bold at least $217,000,000 of specie. They now have only one-half of this. To guard against panics they ought to hold at least $800,000,000 of specie. We must then, during the year 1878, either add between $100,000,000 and $200,000,000 to our stock of specie, or wo must reduce the volume of our paper money one-half. To draw this year $100,000,000 of gold from Europe is quite impossible; it would disturb values there to such an extent that their three great banks that hold the gold would not permit it to leave. We could not even draw in gold the $15,000,000 for the Geneva award, but an arrangement had to be made to remit to us bonds instead of coin. We cannot get it from our gold mines, for they produce only about $40,000,000 per year. If, then, we stick to gold, we must either indefinitely postpone resumption or reduce the volume of our currency one-half. But, if we contract it so much as that, it ruins every bank in the country, for its discounted paper could not be paid; it ruins every man whose property is mortgaged for half its value, for it would shrink one-half in value from its present low point; it ruins the merchant and manufacturer, for their stocks must, as in the past four years, continue to shrink in value. Suspensions and bankruptcies would meet us on every side. But this is just what the gold conspirators want and are working for with might and main. They have now got their hands upon the property of this country through the debts incurred in times of inflation, and they mean to bold their grip until they can sweep it all into their coffers. This, in substance, was confessed by one of them in this city a few days since in the following dialogue, which took place between two men of wealth, whom, in order not to be personal, we will call Mr. C. and Mr. H. Mr. C. is in favor of letting up on the people now. Mr. H., who may have a vote at Washington on the question, wishes to continue to turn screws on the people till their last dollar o f property is squeezed out to pay their obligations. I give the substance, but not the exact words of their colloquy. C.— Mr. H., I have a large amount of money lying idle, and my opinion is it is fi good time now to invest it in property. H.—Mr. C., do not do it yet; the time has not come ; we are not near to the bottom yet. I have $250,000 on deposit at only li per cent., and awaiting investment. If we can defeat this remonetization of silver and hold on to resumption in 1879, property must go down a great deal lower than it is now, and we can get double for our money. You just wait till we see what we can do at Washington. C.—Mr. H., you seem to be looking out well for number one. I think I will follow your lead for a while longer and see whether you succeed. But I am afraid that if you defeat silver you will also defeat resumption, for the people cannot bear much more depression of prices—resumption in gold alone means that. The two parties to the above conversation are widely-known citizens. They disclosed the self-interest that effected by stealth the demonetization of silver in 1873 and now oppose its restoration. They want $2 of property iu payment for $1 of debt,, and they intend to use every means in their power to get it. Our mines produce $40,000,000 of silver per year. If we restore silver to its proper position as money, then with the $40,000,000 products of our gold mines we shall have $80,000,000 added to our stock of specie by the end of 1878. This would bring us close up to the minimum sum required for resumption. Added to the product of the gold and silver mines for 1879, and it would give us an ample supply of coin for permanent and safe resumption; and, do it, too, without any severe contraction or further depression of the industries of the country. The national honor and credit will be preserved by resuming in silver and gold. The two metals are the money of the world, and are the money of the constitution—they are the money of our national bonds. Payment in either or both fulfils the bonds in letter and spirit. To pay in a dearer metal than the bond requires shows weakness akin to appeasing a tyrant with a gift instead of ttendering to him simply his due. So perfectly is this understood by investors, not only in Governments but in other securities, that whan they mean gold they have had gold alone stated in the bond or contract. The courts sustain these gold contracts as they do silver contracts and currency contracts; but they never change the contract from one kind of money to the other. To do so would be the highest exercise of arbitrary power. It would be judicial robbery. To do the gsame deed by legislation is legislative *robbecy. Our railroads, coal mines, factories, furnaces, towns, cities and States have incurred some $4,000,000,000 of bonded debts, all in times when money was either paper or gold and silver. To reduce money to gold alone and require payment in that, is to double upon property the weight of these debts. It will take twice as much property to pay them. It doubles, by legislation, the property of all holders of money or obligations calling for money; that is, of the rich, and it does this not by creating property, but by taking it from the industrial and active business classes and turning it over to the money-lenders. Were it the object of the Government to build up a moneyed aristocracy, this would be an effectual way to do it; but, for a free Government, “ a Government of the people, by the people, and for the people,” to attempt such a thing is suicidal. If accomplished, we may expect a revolution of parties as soon as the people can again come to the ballot-box.

DEXTER A. HAWKINS.

10 Well utteeti