Democratic Sentinel, Volume 1, Number 45, Rensselaer, Jasper County, 21 December 1877 — Page 1

ght Hlenwtrafy gmtinel A DEMOCRATIC NEWSPAPER PUBLISHED EVERY FRIDAY, *x ■JAMES W. McEWEN. TEEMS of subscription. One copy one year.. WJSO One copy ilx m0nth*............... •••••• 1-0* One copy three month* M K7~ Advertising rate* on application.

CALENDAR FOR 1878. immuur mm Ju 12 3 4 5 J a ] y ... ,12 3 4 6 6 678010 il 12 J 7891011 12 13 13 14 15 16 17 18 10 14 is 16 17 18 10 20 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 27 28 20 30 31 , 28 20 30 31 Feb 1 2 log 12 3 34 5 6789 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 10 111213 14 1516 1112 13 14 15 1617 17 18 10 20 21 22 23 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 24 2526 27 28 26 26 27 28 29 30 311 Bar 1 2 „ 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Sept.. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 8 9 10 1) 12 13 14 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 15 16 17 lb 10 20 21 24 26 26 27 28 20 30 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 April. ... 1 2 3 4 5 6 Oct 1 2 3 4 5 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 6 7 8 0 10 11 12 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 13 14 15 16 17 18 10 2122 23 24 25 26 27 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 28 29 30 _ 27 28 29 30 31 May 1 2 3 4 Nor l 2 5 6 7 8 910 11 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 26 27 28 20 30 31 ... 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 Jane l _ 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Det.M 1 2 3 4 6 6 7 9 10 11 121314 16 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 23 24 25 26 27*28 20 22 23 24*25 26 27 28 M 29 80311

JANUARY.

The god Janue, after whom the month of Jan. nary wae named, watt repreecnted by the Romans aa a man with two facet), one looking backward and the other forward. Thls'implled that he stood between the old and the new year, with a regard to both. It wait the custom of ancient Home to proclaim the first of the mouth, and to post a notice of Its occurrence in some public place, so that the people might be apprised of the religious festivals In which they were expected to take part. This first of the month came to lie styled the Kalendce, or kalends, from the Greek verb Kaleo, I proclaim; and the placard announcing It was called fasti Calendar es. Hence a book of accounts referring to days was subsequently called Calendarium; whence the name Calendar, now In general use. The division of the year Into twelve months has obviously been determined by tho moon’s revolutions. The lunar month is strictly 29 days, 12 hours, 44 minutes and 8 seoands. There are twelve such periods, and rather lyss than 11 days over in the year. Several attempts had been made by civilized nations to divide the year In accordance with theso revolutions, but to very little effect till Julius Csesar reformed the Calendar and decreed tha* the year should consist of 365 days, followed by one of 866. The general idea of Caesar was that the months should consist of 31 and 30 days alternately, and this was accomplished In the bissextile or leap year, consisting, as It did, of twelve times thirty and six over.

ECLIPSES FOR THE YEAR 1878.

Therfe will be four eclipses this year, as follows: I. An Annular Eclipse of the Sun, Feb. 2. Visible In Australia and at the South Pole. 11. A Partial Eclipse of the Moon, Feb. 17. Visible In the United States in the morning; middle, at Boston, 6h. 26m.; at New York, 6h. 16m.; at Washington, 6h. 4m.; at Charleston, sh. 20m.; at Chicago, 4h. 32m. 111. A Total Eclipse of tho Sun, July 29. Visible throughout tho United States as a Partial Eclipse in the afternoon. Except in Alaska, Utah, Texas, and Ouba the Eclipse will be Total. Middle, at Boston, bh. 55m.; at New York, sh. 44m.; at Washington, 6)i. 32m.; at Charleston, 6h. 18m.; at Chicago, 4h. 50m. IT. A Partial Eclipse of the Moon, Aug. 12. Visible when tho Moon rises in the evening. Ends: At Boston, Bh. 60m.; at New York, Bh. 38m.; at Washington, Bh. 27m.; at Charleston, Bh. 13m.; at Chicago, 7h. 45m.

RATES OF POSTAGE.

ItETTXKS, prepaid by stamps, 3 cts. each oz. or fraction thereof, to all parts of the United States; forwarded to another Postofflce without charge, on request of the person addressed ; if not called for, roturned to the writer free, If Indorsed with that request* If tho stamp 1b omitted, tho Letter is forwardod*'’) tho Dead Lettor Office, and returned to tho wrfftlr 1 . For Jlegistering letters the charge Is 10 cts. additional. Drop or Local letters 2 cts. each % oz., prepaid. Stamped Postal Cards, furnished only by Government, 1 ct. each; if anything else is pasted on a postal card, letter postage Is charged. Postage on all Newspapers and Periodicals sent from atwrgnnarmnfUcrtvdn, oius-c- DbqWto l UpJJS'J.SwjiH tho office of mailing. Foreion Postage. —To France, Germany, Austria, Hungary, Belgium, Denmark (Including Iceland and the Faroe Islands), Egypt, Spain (including tho Balearic Islos, the Canary Islands, the Spanish possessions on the northern coast of Africa, and the postal establishments of Spain upon the western coast of Morocco), Great Britain (including the Island of Malta), Greece, Italy, Luxembourg, Norway, the Netherlands, Portugal (Including Madeira and the Azores), Itoumania, Russia, Finland, Servia, Sweden, Switzerland and Turkey, for prepaid letters, 5 cts. per )</ oz. Unpaid letters, 10 cents. Postal Cards, 2 cts. each. Newspapers, not over four oz., 2 cts. each. Books, othpr printed matter, patterns, legal documents, photographs, etc., 2 cts. for each 2 oz. Registration fee on ail correspondence, 10 cents.

NEWS SUMMARY

THE WAR IN THE EAST. Tho most important event of the war in Europe ho far is tho fall of Flevnn, tho chief stronghold of tho Turks north of tho Balkan mountains. After a Hevero engagement before the town on Sunday, the 9th mat., Osman Pasha, who was wounded, surrendered unconditionally. On Saturday, tho Btli, says a special cable dispatch of tho 11th, “ after Osman Pasha ' had found his escape impossible, Ills army starving and perishing with cold, and no hope of succeis, ho scut a parlementairo to tho Russian headquarters with a special lettei addressed personally to the Grand Buko Nicholas as chief of the army investing Plevna. The Grand Duke declined either to accept the letter or to receive the parlementaire, and directed him to bo escortod to tho headquarters of Frinco Charles as Commandor-in-Cliief of tho allied armies besieging Plevna. The purport of thS letter was a request for favorablo torms of capitulation, and an ospocial request from Osman Pasha to bo allowed to surrender his sword to the Grand Buko Nicholas. This being impossible, tho parlementairo returned. On Sunday another desperate assault was made on the Russian right, in which Osman Tasha himself was wounded, and about 3,000 Turks put hors do combat. Nothing remained but unconditional surrender, and thus closod ono of tho bravest defenses of modern times.” The losses in killed and wounded at tho taking of Plevna are stated at 4,000 for the Turks and 1,444 for the Russians. The Porte has issued a circular addressed to tho leading European powers, in which it expresses a desire for peace and requests thenmediation. A proclamation has been issued by the Servian Government announcing that its army has been ordered to cross the Turkish frontier. A dispatch from Plevna says : “ The immediate cause of Osman Pasha’s abandoning the intrenchments was the breaking out of an epidemic among tho troops. There were forty or fifty dead bodies a day in Plevna. There were no men available to bury them, and the mortality was increasing.” A Russian official dispatch dated Bogot, Deo. 13, says sixty battalions of Turks attacked the forcen of the Grand Duke Yladimir all along tho line, directing, however, their principal effor, s against the left and center. They attacked Metchka six times, but were each time repulsed with great loss. At 1 p. m the Thirty-fifth Division of the Twelfth Russian Army Corps appeared on tho scene, and, attacking the Turks on their flank, compelled them, with the 00-operation of the rest of the Russian forces, to retire upon Krasna their retreat to Jovan-Oiftlik being cut off. The Grand Doke Yladimir narrowly escaped a ball. Suleiman Pasha, describing the same affair, claims that he carried some of the intrenchments of Metchka, but was unable to hold them, owing to the fire from the heights and the arrival of Russian reinforcements. He consequently withdrew to his original position after a seven- hours’ battle. The Turkish Parliament has chosen a President who is a Christian. A correspondent at Plevna gives the following account of the meeting between Osman Pasha and Ws conquerors: The Grand Duka k* up to wniw for

The Democratic sentinel

JAS. W. McEWEN, Editor.

VOLUME I.

(tome seconds the two chiefs gazed into each other’s faceH without the utterance of a word. Then the Grand Duke stretched out his hand, shook the hand of Osman Pasha heartily, and said, “1 compliment you on your dofense of Plevna. It is one of the most splendid military feats in history.” Osman smiled sadly, rose painfully to his feet in spite of his wound, and said something which I could not hear. He then reseated himself. The Russian officers all cried “Bravo! Bravo!” repeatedly, and all saluted respectfully. There was not one among them who did not gaze on the hero of Plevna with the gravest admiration and sympathy. Prince Charles, of Boumania, who had arrived, rode up and repeated unwittingly almost every word of the Grand Duke, and shook hands with Osman, who again rose, and bowed this time in grim silence. He wore a loose blue'cloak, with no apparent mark on it to designate his rank, and a red fez. Ho is a large, strongly-built man. Tho lower part of his face is covered with a short, black beard without a streak of gray, and he has a large Boman nose and black eyes.

GENERAL FOREIGN NEWS.

A Paris dispatch of the 11th says: “On Sunday night the crisis assumed a new shape. Marshal MacMahon determined a policy of resistance, and a new Ministry was submitted by Rim It remains to be seen whether the Constitutionalists in the Senate will accede to the demand of a second dissolution.” It is reported that Prince Bismarck has renewed his request to be relieved of office. Hon. John Welsh, the new United States Minister to Great Britain, has arrived in England, being heartily greeted by a deputation of leading Liverpool merchants. The strike of puddlers at Sheffield, Eng., which lasted six weeks, during which, time many outrages were committed, has ended. The men oonsented to a reduction of wages. Sydney Smirke, B. A., the English architect, is dead. South American advices report tho collapse of the Ecuador revolution after a severe battie at Quito. A Paris dispatch says: “A deputation of the Bight has waited upon Marshal MacMahon and Assured him that it was utterly impossible to form a Ministry from their ranks, and that all further attempts in that direction would be useless. The members of the delegation, while professing tho strongest wish to support the Marshal, were most emphatic in their expressions of the necessity of coming to terms with the moderate republicans and ending tho crisis. The Marshal was deeply moved, and after some conversation with the deputation, among whom were some of his staunchest friends, for whose opinion he had great respect, said there was no other course left open to him blit to rosign. His friends were appalled at the prospect and besought him not to take this step. On the condition of his retaining the Presidency they authorized him to do whatever he pleased in order to terminate tho crisis. The Marshal still hesitated and reiterated bis unwillingness to retain offico under the circumstances, but the delegation urged their views ,r ifo pJunging tho conutry into an uncertain future by resigning at tho present time. Finally tho Marshal yielded, and promised to summon a Ministry from the moderate Left. Marshal MacMahon at onco put his resolution into effect, by commit]’icating with M. Dufaure, giving him carto blanche to form a Ministry.” The new French Cabinet is constituted as follows: M. Dufaure, President of Council and Minister of Justice: M. De Marcera, Interior ; M. Waddington, Foreign Affairs ; M. Bordoux, Public Instruction ; Gen. Borel, War ; Admiral Pothnau, Marine ; M. Leon Say, Finance ; M. Teissorene De Bort, Commerce ; M. De Freycinet, Public Works. An insurrection has broken out in the province of Amyre, in Crete. Turkish families and tho inhabitants of other provinces have sought refuge in the fortress. The Governor of Crete has sent troops to suppress the insurrection. It is believed that the Bussian Minister is negotiating with Demark with a view bo proposing Px-ince Waldemar, of Denmark, or Prince John of Gluckborg, as ruler of Bulgaria. Tho German budget for 1878 shows a deficit of #9,000,000, which the states of the federation will be required to malrn good. The feeling in France is improving. The Chamber of Deputies has voted appropriations asked 'or by the Ministry, and the leading organ of tho Bepubiicans, liepublique Francaise, compliments the message of the President, in which he declares his intention to obey tho popular will as expressed in the iato elections.

DOMESTIC INTELLIGENCE.

East. The striking cigar-makers in New York city are successfully establishing a co-operative factory there. Tho workmen are to be selected from all the different shops in which strikes occurred, in order to secure the most skillful workmen for tho experimental effort. At the late municipal election in Boston tho Republican ticket was elected by a majority of 2,151. The dye-house and boiler-room of tho York Manufacturing Company wore damaged $25,000 by a recent fire. Hundreds of operatives are temporarily thrown out of employment. James Leahy, of New York, importer of white goods, has failed. Liabilities placed at $150,000, one-half due abroad. Outstanding assets reported weak. Trouble with Government officers and a very extensive business are ascribed as causes of the failure. Jacob Gran, a noted opera manager, died recently in New York, aged 60. A New York dispatch reports the death, at Brooklyn, N. X., of tho Rev. David Inglis, D. D., who had just been called to the assistant pastorship of Knox Presbyterian Church in Toronto, Canada. Dr. Inglis was a man of great ability and learning. West. The commission appointed to decide where the front of the Chicago Custom House should be has submitted a compromise report, which contemplates not only that Clark street shall be fitted with an ingress, but that Dearborn street Bhall retain what it had, that still another publio entrance shall be provided for Adams street, and that the opening for maii wagons shall be on Jackson street. The commission represent that no structural changes in the plan of the building are involved in their recommendations. E. H. Harrison, a wealthy and prominent citizen of Keokuk, lowa, died recently, aged 68 years. The German-Amerioan Bank of Chicago has decided to go out of business. The trial of the desperado best known by his alias “Frank Rande” has been postponed to February, at Galesburg, HI. The Rev. Dr. Harris, rector of St. James Episcopal Church, Chicago, has been elected Bishop of the new Diocese-of Quincy, HI. Miss Allie McKee has been committed for murder without bail, for the shooting of Constable MqJSlligott, at Chicago. Tb# rw*W *t Chicago for five

RENSSELAER, JASPER COUNTY, INDIANA, FRIDAY, DECEMBER 21, 1877.

days recently reached the enormous number of 283,500, having a value of over $1,500,000. Mrs. Kate Tyrrell, confined in the penitentiary at Lincoln, Neb., for forgery, burned'a hole through the floor of the female department into the guard-room, made rope of a blanket torn into strips, and escaped to the hall of the warden’s house. While trying to unlock the only door between her and liberty she was discovered and taken back. An immense meeting was held in the Tabernacle at Chicago on the 13th inst., at which resolutions were passed insisting upon the restoration of the silver coinage to the position it held before the passage of the act of 1873. The Wisconsin Unitarian Conference at Janesville has adopted a preamble and resolutions expressive of the sense of the conference that church property should not be exempt from taxation, and providing for a memorial on the subject for presentation to the Wisconsin Legislature. A fire originating in the cupola of the University at Lake Forest, 111., totally destroyed the building. Most of its contents were saved. A plot to take the St. Elmo murderer, Frank Bande, from jail at Galesborg, HL, and hang him, was revealed to the authorities, and, the prison being strongly guarded, the attempt was not made. In the United States District Court at Madison, Wis., a verdict of not guilty was rendered by the jury in the case of W. T. Smith, charged with forging a postoffice money-order on the Baraboo postoffice. South. Near Liberty, Ky., last week, Thomas Mooro and United States Special Bailiff George D. Ellis killed one another. Moore has been wanted ■by the authorities for a year past on an indictment charging him with illicit distilling. Ellis met him by chance Sunday night while riding towards Liberty, with a man named Dwyer. Ellis called “ surrender !” and Moore answered by firing a bullet through his body. Ellis returned the shot, Moore disappearing in the bushes. Next morning his body was found frozen stiff in death. It is reported from Louisville, Ky., that Edward Wyatt and Frank Webster, United States special bailiffs, have been wounded by moonshiners. The eye of the former was shot out, and the latter was shot through the head. Capt. F. B. Webster, United States Deputy Marshal, with a posse, was attacked by triple his number of moonshiners in ambuscade. Officer Wyatt received sixteen shots in his face. On the 15th inst., Gov. Hubbard, of Texas, telegraphed to President Hayes, as follews: “I am officially informed that citizens of Mexico, in connection with citizens of El Paso county, Texas, of Mexican birth, were fighting all day yesterday, in Texas, with a detachment of State troops who were aiding our civil authorities. The Mexican force being too strong to be repelled by the Texas troops, and it beffig impossible to raise a civil posse from the citizens, who are nearly all of Mexican blood and sympathy, and having no reinforcements within several miles, I ask for the aid of such United States troops as may be nearest to tho scene of action to repel this invasion of our ‘ —” Other dispatches of the same date a,l ' > A- lltol tlfi-rro ronffspp °Tjd ° morchant named Ellis were killed by the Mexicans yesterday. State troops are intrenched on San Elizaiio surrounded by a mob of several hundred Mexicans from both sides of the river. The Governor has telegraphed orders to recruit men from the nearest points in Texas and New Mexico to aid the State troops.”

MISCELLANEOUS GLEANINGS.

Failed : John G. Hodge & Co., wholesale stationers, San Francisco, Cal.; the LaSalle County Savings Bank, Ottawa, Ill.; the Simpson Bank, the oldest banking institution in Lawrence, Kan. The Rev. J. J. Bloomer, pastor of St. Patrick’s Catholic Church, in Elmira, N. Y., has been committed to jail for contempt of the Recorder’s Court, in refusing to answer a question put by the court in reference to a case of alleged bigamy. Tho pastor stands on the ground of professional confidence, not church discipline. The safe iu the Essex County Treasurer's office, at Windsor, Canada, was robbed of $40,000 recently. The safe was blown open and completely wrecked. The case of alleged improper oale of stamps by the Postmaster at Stockton, Me., which was carried before the United States Court at Portland as a test case, has resulted iu the conviction and sentence of J. F. Frye, Postmaster. The court is reported as holding that under the present Postal laws Postmasters making illegal sales of stamps by discount or exchange for goods can bo punished. Lynching is reported as follows : In Tennessee, of a negro named Alexander Boot for the murder of a white man named Daughty ; in Georgetown, Col., of one Schumma, a notorious outlaw.

WASHINGTON NOTES.

Congressman Springer, of Illinois, claims SIO,OOO from the Government for securing the return to the treasury of the Centennial loan of $1,000,000 by the Philadelphians. The compassion of naval officers appointed last year to examine the reports made by the officers who explored the various routea for an inter-oceanic canal agree that tho Nicaragua route is the most practicable. The Republican members of the Foreign Affairs Committee, after carefully sifting the voluminous testimony of army officers and others relating to tho Rio Grande question, express an opinion that there is no danger of international complications. Some of the Democratic members of the committee, however, are of opinion that war is to be apprehended, and that it possibly cannot be avoided. Judge Loring, of the United States Court of Claims, has retired on full pay, oil account of age, and the President has appointed J. C. Bancroft Davis to succeed him. After an exciting canvass-the nominations of Mr. Hayes for officers at tho port of New York were rejected by the Senate by a vote of 32 against confirmation to 25 in favor. Gen. Sheridan has been before the House Military Committee to testify regarding the condition of affairs along the Rio Grande. He gave it as his opinion that there is no danger of a war with Mexico, and that the troops already stationed on the border, together with those to bo sent there, will be sufficient to preserve order. A dispatch to the Chicago Tribune says the Senate’s executive session of the was the scene of an exciting dialogue between Senators Gordon and Conkling. The account says: Gordon was bitterly opposing the confirmation of Wade, a Republican, as Collector of the Third district of Georgia. Mr. Thurman interrupted to say that, if the relations of the North to the South were to pass in review at length on every confirmation, business could not be expedited. At this Mr. Conkling and several others spoke out, as is usual in a session where business is pressing, “Goon with the calendar.” At this Gordon exolaimed in a very offensive manner: "The Senator from New York is issuing orders to tfee Cb&ir," st, Oookiißf, after uWa#

“A Firm Adherence to Correct Principles.”

don to repeat, replied: “If the Senator from Georgia means to say that I issue orders to the Chair, he says what is not true, and, lest the Senator should not understand me, I repeat that, if he means to intimate that I issue orders to the Chair, he says what is not true.” This was spoken with great emphasis by Conkling. Gordon retorted, “This is a matter that can be settled outside of this Chamber.” Conkling replied, “Yes, or we can settle it now,” and he then again repeated his first remark to Gordon, and the latter only said it was a matter to settle outside the Chamber. Messrs. Thurman, Hamlin, and other Senators undertook to smooth the matter over and effect an immediate reconciliation, saying that Conkling’s exclamation, “Go on with the calendar,” was th* usual one, and there was no cause for Gordon’s feeling, hut both Conkling and Gordon sat still under these attempts to smooth the matter over, and said nothing. Gov. McCormick, late Assistant Secretary of the Treasury, has been unanimously confirmed Commissioner General to the Paris Exposition.

FORTY-FIFTH CONGRESS.

Monday, Dec. 10. —Senate. — The case of J. B. Euatis, of Louisiana, was called up, and after a brief debate the resolution declaring him entitled to a seat in the Senate was adopted by a vote of 49 yeas to 8 nays, the latter being Messrs. Allison, Cameron (Wis.), McMillan, Hamlin, Howe, Ingalls, Morrill and Saunders. Mr. Eustis was then sworn in and took his seat. ...A number of bills were introduced and referred. Among them were tne following: By Mr. Plumb, to declare certain lands heretofore granted to railroad companies forfeited, and to open the ’same for settlement; by Mr. Johnston, amendatory of the supplementary act to incorporate the Texas Pacific railroad, and to aid its construction ; by Mr. Christiancy. to provide for challenges to jurors in trials for bigamy and polygamy in the Territory of Utah... Mr. Matthews made a four hours’ speech in favor of his silver resolution. House. —A large number of bills were introduced, among the lot being another income-tax bill, by Mr. Turner; a bill by Willis, of New York, restoring the tax on tea and coffee, and looking toward tariff reform; a biff by Mr. Joyce adjusting the salaries of Postmasters; and a joint resolution proposing an amendment to the constitution providing for the election of Senators by direct vote of the people... .Mr. Wood, Chairman of the Committee on Ways and Means, reported the usual resolutions for the distribution of the President’s annual message among the various committees. The resolutions, after some discussion, were adopted. Tuesday, Dec. 11.—Senate. —The morning hour was nearly all occupied by the reception of petitions in favor of woman suffrage, for a law in relation to the liquor traffic, and in relation to tariff matters... .Among the bills introduced and referred were the following : By Mr. Davis, of Illinois, to establish a Court of Appeals ; by Mr. Kellogg, authorizing mail steamship service between New Orleans and certain ports named.... Mr. Conkling introduced a resolution for the appointment of 'a committee to inquire into the border troubles with Mexico.. .A discussion upon Mr. Matthews’silver resolution took up the balance of the day’s session, which was participated in by Messrs. Kernan, Beck, Wallace and Allison. House. —Mr. Whitthome introduced a bill providing for the removal of the bodies of those lost on the Huron to the Naval Cemetery at Annapolis, which was passed... .The day was passed in action upon Senate amendments to the Deficiency Appropriation bill. They were all disposed of, and the bill was sent back to the Senate, Wednesday, Dec. 12.—Senate. —Mr. Edmunds submitted a resolution authorizing a committee to consider the state of tne law respecting the ascertaining and declaration of the result of elections of President and Vice President of the United States, and also to consider and report upon the best manner of electing those officers and the duration of their terms of office. Agreed t 0.... Mr. Dawes, from the Committee on Public Buildings and Grounds, reported adversely on the petition to give the use of the Senate chamber to the women for the purpose of presenting arguments for a Sixpresented a resolution m”regard to tEe militia....’ The Senato insisted upon its amendments to the Deficiency Appropriation bill, and a conference committee was appointed... .Consideration was then renewed of Mr. Matthews’ resolution on the silver question, pending which the Senate went into executive session. House. —Mr. Morrison took the Speaker to task for filling vacancies on committees, where the members had not been excused by the House.... Mr. Stephens introduced a bill repealing the iron-clad oath required of pensioners.. . .Mr. Harris called up the Colorado contested-election case, discussion upon which occupied the entire day. Thursday, Dec. 13.—Sen-iTE.—Mr. Cameron, of Wisconsin, presented the petition of David T Corbin, of South Carolina, asking that his claim to a seat from that State may be inquired into and decided upoh its merits... .Mr. Dawes introduced a bill to authorize and equip an expedition to the Arctic seas. Referred... .Mr. Voorhees submitted a resolution on the subject of the finances, and gave notice that he would call it up on Tuesday, Jan. 15, for the purpose of submitting some remarks thereon.... At the expiration of the morning hour consideration was resumed of the resolution of Mr. Matthews to pay bonds in silver. The discussion on this subject was taken part in by Messrs. Bayard, Allison, Hill, Dawes and Beck, and continued until 4 o’clock, when the Senate went into executive session. The doors were opened at 6:50 and the Senate adjourned.

House. —Tlie regular order of business, consideration of the Colorado contested election case, was resumed. Speeches were made upon the ease by Messrs. Butler and Hale, and by Mr. Patterson on his own behalf. Mr. Patterson was then admitted and sworn in by a vote of 116 to 110. Adjourned. Friday, Dec. 14. —Senate.—The Yice President laid before the Senate a communication from the Secretary of the Interior, calling attention to the law in regard to the compensation ror Government advertising, and the complaints daily received as to the inadequacy of such compensation. He suggests that the law be so amended as to allow the department to pay the same for advertising as the papers receive from private individuals. Referred to the Committee on Civil Service and Retrenchment.... Mr. Cameron, of Wisconsin, called up the House joint resolution relating to reservoirs to promote the navigation of the Mississippi. Passed....At the expiration of the morning hour, consideration was resumed of Mr. Matthews’ resolution declaring it to be the right of the Government to pay its bonds in silver, and Mr. Hereford made a speech upon it, after which the Senate went into executive session... .At the reopening of the doors the Deficiency Appropriation biU was taken up and passed, as amended by the conference committee.... On Mr. Edmunds’ motion, and by unanimous consent, it was ordered that the Vice President declare the Senate adjourned on Saturday immediately after the reading of the journal, and that no business should be transacted.. . The Vice President announced as the committee to inquire into the practicability of promoting commercial intercourse with Mexico and maintaining peace on the Rio Grande frontier, Messrs. Conkling, Hamlin, Howe, Jones of Nevada, Cameron of Pennsylvania, Eaton and Maxey....The Post-Route bill was passed.. .The bill providing for the burial of the naval officers and men lost on the Huron was then passed and the Senate adjourned. House. —The report of the conference committee on tho Deficiency Appropriation bill was agreed to, and the bill was passed.... The Senate amendments to the Paris Exposition bill were agreed t 0.... Mr. Wood presented a resolution instructing the several committees having in charge matters relating to Indian affairs, naval affairs, military affairs, postoffices, public lands, etc., to inquire into any errors, abuses, or frauds in the administration of the laws affecting such branches of the public service, with power to send fox persons and papers, sit during the recess, etc. The Republicans filibustered against the passage of this resolution until the adjournment of the House.

Saturday, Dec. 15.—Senate.—A number of bills were signed by the Vice President.... On motion of Mr. Thurman, the Senate went into secret session to consider the difficulty lretween Messrs. Gordon and Conkling. After the doors ware opened the following paper was presented and unanimously agreed to: Whereas, A misunderstanding having arisen between the Hon. Rosooe Conkling and the Hon. John B. Gordon in the course of the executive proceedings of the Senate yesterday, and mutual understandings thereon having been arrived at, as set out in the following paper, it is ordered that said paper be entered at large on the legislative journal of the S.-nate: During an executive session of the Senate held yesterday words were uttered both by Senator Gordon, of Georgia, and by Senator Conkling, of New York, which were mutually felt to be unkind and offensive. Reports of the incident appear in the papers of this morning which are inaccurate and unjust to both speakers. Upon careful inquiry as to whal was said by each speaker, and what was understood to be said by the other, it is certain that the first offensive words were inspired by an honest misunderstanding of what had been innocently said by the other speaker. One harsh remark provoked another, as too often happens, but all that was offensive was the' outgrowth of misapprehension. Since such was the fact, we, who are mntual friends of both Senators, are of the opinion that it is due alike to the Senate and the speakers that whatever was felt to be unkind or offensive in the remarks of either should be treated as if never uttered, and, we are now authorized to state, are mutually and simultaneously withdrawn. (Signed) H. Hamlin, M. W. Ransom, Timothy O. Howe, and J. E. McDonald... .The Senate then adjourned until January 10,1878. House.—Mr. Wood and the majority endeavored daring nearly the whole day's session to have bis investigation resolution adopted, but it was finally postponed until after recets....Mr. Sobleicbw, frm tfcs op Foreign offered *

resolution authorizing the committee to sit during the recess in the investigation of the Mexican border trouble. Adopted.... The Senate amendment* to the Poet-route bill were taken up and concurred in.... Basolutions to pay extra employes in the Doorkeeper's Department were offered, discussed, and agreed to, and the House adjourned until Jan. 10.

PINCHBACK RETIRES.

He Write* a Letter In Which the Course of the Be publican Majority in Seating Kellogg is Sharply Criticized, The following is the letter of P. B. S. Pinchback to Gov. Nicholls, announcing his retirement from the contest for a seat in the United States Senate as Senator from Louisiana* Washington, D. C., Dec. 8, 1877. To His Excellency, Francis T. Nicholls, Governor of the State of Louisiana: Sib : Ou the 14th day of January, 1873, 1 was elected by the General Assembly of the State of Louisiana United States Senator for the term beginning March 4, 1873, and my credentials, duly signed by the Governor and attested by the Secretary of State, with the seal of the State attached, were presented to the Senate of the United States. On the 13th day of January, 1875, ana pending the action of the United States Senate on tne credentials of 1873, to cover what might be deemed any irregularity in the first action, the General Assembly of Louisiana re-elected me Senator as though in case of a vacancy, and my second duly signed by the Executive and attested by the Secretary of State, with the seal of the State attached, were presented to the Senate. In February of 1876 the Senate passed on my credentials of 1873, and, by a vote of 29 to 31, resolved “that P. B. S. Pinchback be not seated Senator from Louisiana for the term of six years from March 4, 1873,” leaving, nevertheless, the credentials of 1875 still before the S nate, and the title created by the election of that year undetermined. My defeat in my first oontest was referable to the votes of certain Republican Senators, and on the alleged ground that the Returning Board that gave certificates to the members of the General Assembly of 1873 was unconstitutional, and the Legislature organized thereon illegal. With the credentials of 1875 still pending before the Senate, and inferring from the action of the Senators above referred to, relative to the powers and decisions of the Electoral Commission, and more recently from their seating William Pitt Kellogg, that the opinions of these gentlemen as to the constitutional powers of the Returning Board in the matter of creating a Legislature had undergone a change, I determined to make a second contest for my seat in the Senate. A majority of the Committee on Privileges and Elections, including three Republican members, have, however, reported that James B. Eustis is lawfully entitled to a seat in the United States Senate for the unexpired term for which I was elected. Not willing under the circumstances to continue this contest, and by a seemingly factious opposition embarrass Mr. Eustis and*deprive the State of her due representation, I now respectfully tender to you, as Chief Executive of Louisiana, my resignation. I deem it proper in this connection, as a matter of justice to myself and to my friends, to direct attention to the exceptional action had in my case, especially as the same appears in contrast with the prompt and partisan support of Gov. Kellogg. I admit that there were irregularities attaching to the constitution of the General Assembly of 1873 of such a character as to put in question to some extent the legal status of said General Assembly. Its members bore credentials from a Returning Board whose legal character was determined and recognized by the Supreme Court of Louisiana, but from the opposition of Gov. Warmotb, the custodian of the returns of the election, they were unable to obtain possession of said returns, and their action in making the canvass and promulgation of votes was to some extent ar»rJ of votes furnished by the United States Supervisors, and other secondary evidence. Necessarily their decisions were to some extent conjectural and uncertain, but the best the necessities of the case allowed ; and the Legislature thus declared was authorized, under the constitution, to cure and determine any defects that might exist in the title of its membership. This body actually existed lor its constitutional term of two years, enacted the legislation that governed the State for that period, and was deemed of 'sufficient vitality to canvass and declare the votes for Governor and Lieutenant Governor ; and the executive officers were not only recognized by the judiciary of tho State and by the President of tho United States, but exercised their functions within the State for the full term of their office. Supplementing these considerations by the further fact that Louisiana was largely Republican in its masses, I believed that, as Senator elect, I not only represented the popular will of the State, but possessed a title substantially legal and valid ; yet I submitted to the decision of the Senate on the assumption that honorable Senators were not only honest in the grave constitutional objections that they raised, hut were so far acting from conviction as would authorize the expectation of consistency of conduct when a similar case should be presented for their consideration. Now, I find, when Gov. Kellogg presents a claim essentially like my own, but weaker, that the gentlemen who so earnestly combatted my claim promptly and without hesitation admit and defend his.

The Packard Legislature, so-called, derives its credentials from the legal Returning Board, and said board, unlike that of 1873, could be specific and definite in its promulgation of the election, but as a matter of fact, not from lack of knowledge, but of choice, excluded men who had received a majority of the votes cast, as appeared from the official returns before them, sufficient iu number to destroy a quorum in each House. They thus, by the practical disfranchisement of the citizens, created a Legislature which could not exist except by the defeat of the popular will. The Assembly of 1873 may have, inadvertently, and by the enforced ignorance of the only tribunal competent to act in the premises, had men in it not entitled to sit therein, but the Packard Assembly, in its Senate and in its House, held members in sufficient numbers to have broken the quorum in each, who were put there to the knowledge of the Returning Board, not only without having received a majority of votes, but to the exclusion of other men who were well understood to have been elected. This Assembly passed away iu a few weeks, without leaving behind it, as the evidence of its existence, a single living statute. An election by such a body is certified to by Gov. Packard, whose title was as baseless, and whose tenure of office was as uncertain as his General Assembly, and this makes prima facie and on its merits the case of Gov. Kellogg. It taxes both my credulity and charity to concede either sincerity or consistency io Republican Senators who so earnestly opposed my claim from 1873 to 1876, and so promptly and solidly supported the new Senator from Louisiana. In withdrawing from this contest, I cannot refrain from expressing my heartfelt gratitude to the members of the Senate who have consistently and bravely sustained me in my efforts to secure my rights and representation to the State and people of Louisiana. I have the honor, sir, to be Your most obedient servant,

P. B. S. PINCHBACK.

Ohio Statistics.

The annual report, of the Ohio State Treasurer shows that the total cash receipts of the treasury for the year amount to $5,413,423.42, and total disbursements to $4,726,414.06, leaving an actual cash balance at the close of business on Nov. 16 of $687,009.36. During the year the taxes received from the County Treasurers for the common school fund amounted to $1,570,115. All of this amount was disbursed except $90,269, which still remains in the treasury. Foity-two out of eighty-eight counties drew more for school purposes than they paid into the treasury.

Telegraphy in Europe.

Last year there was expended for telegrams in the countries of Europe $15,400,000, at an average of 32 cents per message. In this expenditure Great Britain led the list with nearly 43 per oent. of the whole; France came next with about 22 percent.; Germany, 14 per oent.; no other country exceeded 8 per cent. The length of wires in Great Britain very slightly exceeds that of Germany, and is nearlj a fourth more than France; in this particular, Switzerland takes the M of the NgaUer European states.

RESUMPTION.

General Garfield’s Great Speech Ee viewed. E. P. Miller, or New York, Refutes Its Fallacies. The True Way to Prosperity Pointed Out. Gen. Garfield, of Ohio, delivered, on the 16th of November, what is regarded as the ablest speech that has been given in Congress in opposition to the repeal of the Specie Resumption act. It was eloquent, earnest, and contained some of the strongest points that can be made in favor of the forced resumption of specie payments. Able as it wae, however, so confused are his views upon the subject that his strongest arguments in opposition to the repeal of the act are among the best that could be offered in favor of such repeal. Let us notice a few of them. He lays down the following as the true basis for the currency of the country: “ The only sound, safe, trustworthy standard of value is coin of a standard weight and fineness, or a paper currency convertible into coin at the will of the holder.” In another part of his speech he indorses this statement, made by Hugh McCulloch: “ That every great crisis in this country has been preceded by an enormous enlargement. hf paper circulation.” I affirm that to be true, says Mr. Garfield, and I challenge controversy by any man. It waß true in England always. It has been true in this country. We had a great crisis in 1797. another in 1817, another in 1837, another in 1857, and one last in 1873, almost exactly twenty years apart. They are periodic, and return as the result of causes springing up amoug the mass of our business people ; and they have all been preceded by an enlargement of credits, aa undue expansion of the instruments of credit, and they have all resulted in the same sad uniformity of misery that has followed the culmination Or collapse. This, doubtless, is true; but, we would ask the gentleman from Ohio if all these enormous enlargements of the paper circulation, and expansions of credit with their subsequent disasters, have not taken place (with the exception of that connected with the panic of 1873) when business was being conducted on what he calls the “ only sound, safe and trustworthy basis—that of coin and paper convertible into coin at the will of the holder?” We assert that it has. And, if this iB so, why, in the name of humanity, does he desire to force the country back into the adoption of such an old, rotten, swindling monetaiy system? If we interpret his own words aright, they prove that the financial system he advocates is unsound, unsafe, untrustworthy, and, therefore, should be abandoned. Has not this system of coin and convertible paper always afforded an opportunity for the banks to enrich themselves at the expense of the masses of the people ? The Comptroller of the Currency, In his report for 1876, sayß that under the system of coin and convertible paper “ the people lost, every twenty years, by failures of banks, etc., an amount equal to the entire circulation of the country.” Previous to the introduction of greenbacks, the banks were permitted to issue from three to five dollars of paper notes to one of coin that they owned. From the Comptroller’s report we learn, too, that “the average issue of all the banks was at times four of paper notes to one of coin.” In Prof. Sumner’s “History of American Currency” it is stated that at one time “ the best of the banks in the New England States had out ten, and the poorest twentyfive, of paper currency to one of coin.” The banks were loaning this sort of trash to the people as money, and the people were paying them interest upon it, under the impression that it was at all times convertible into coin.

Is it any wonder that under such rule' panics should occur every twenty years, at which time all banks suspend, many of them fail, and the notes of the best of them sell at from ten (10) to eighty (80) per cent, discount, while the people pocket the loss? We would ask Mr. Garfield why two thousand banks should be allowed to control all the paper currency used by 45,000,000 of people? Why greenbacks, that are lawful money, are not just as readily convertible into coin as are bank notes that ‘ ♦ Whv not destroy the bank notes and leave the greenbacks, as the paper money of the country ? This certainly would be far better for the people, for in one case they would pay interest only for the use of real money, while in the other they are paying for the use of bank notes which are a sham, and are also payiDg interest on the bonds held by Government as security for these notes, which bonds were given for the purpose of destroying the greenbacks. Mr. Garfield tells us that “ the over-mastering necessities of the war led the men of 1861-2 to depart from the doctrine of the fathers,” and substitute greenbacks for coin and bank paper convertible into coin. If, as the gentleman would have us infer, the ooin and convertible paper is a safer system of currency than the greenback system, why was the Government compelled to abandon the former and adopt the latter ? Why' wan the coin and bank notes, that formed the basis of business in 1860, entirely banished from circulation and the whole business of. the country transferred to the legaltender note or greenback basis ? The fact is, they were not trustworthy, and for this reason failed to supply the requisite means to carry on the war ; and the Government was compelled to abandon them and adopt something better. Did not greenbacks prove equal to the emergency? supplying the means requisite to bring the war to a successful termination? Is it a mark of wisdom to change a success for a failure ? Would a man be considered sane who insisted on exchanging a good, sound, able-bodied horse that had carried him Ease to his journey’s end, for an old, windbroken cripple, that gave out before he had proceeded a quarter of the distance ? Can the gentleman give any reason why the Government paper money is not just aa safe or reliable for any and all purposes as the paper currency of the banks ? Is he not aware of the fact that greenbacks are lawful money, while bank notes are not ? That bank notes are redeemable in greenbacks and valueless without them ? That the bank notes bear the same relation to greenbacks that they do to coin, when we are on a specie basis ? Does he not know that the business of the country is based upon the legal-tender notes, upon the credit of the Government, and not upon bank notes, the credit of the bankers ? Does he not know that when the former is destroyed the basis of business is destroyed, and as a consequence business is ruined ? Is he not aware of the fact that the Resumption act authorizes inflation ; authorizes an increase of the paper money which produces panics; and, for this reason, those who favor it are the real inflationists?

Does he not know that the public debt was increased by the issning of $300,000,000 of interestbearing bonds, given in order to destroy the greenbacks, and the people are paying over $15,000,000 annually as interest on the bonds, which the banks pocket 7 And, during this whole period of exchanging real money for bank notes, not a dollar has been added to the coin of the country ; but, on the contrary, the amount has been diminished. It is such financial jugglery that has caused the hard times—that has slowly but surely crushed the life and hope out of our business men—driving so many of them to poverty and despair, insanity and suicide. Mr. Garfield says : “ I commend to the eloquent gentleman from Pennsylvania (Mr. Kelley) the example of Prance.” But the truth in regard to France he clothes in the garb of falsehood, the proof of which will be found in his own statements. He says: “ What was the example of France in 1870 7 The end of that year, before the war began, France had $251/00,000 of paper circulation of the Bank of France, and $229,000,000 of coin from the same bank. When the war broke out they were compelled immediately to issue more paper, and make it a legal tender. They took pattern by us from their necessities, and issued paper until Nov. 19, 1873, or four years ago next Monday; they had $602,000,000 of paper issued by the Bank of France and $145,000,000 of coin. But when their great war was over they did what I commend to the gentleman from Pennsylvania (Mr. Kelley). They commenced to reduce their paper circulation, and in one year reduced it almost $100,000,000, and increased the coin circulation $120,000,000. In the year 1876 they had pushed into circulation $200,000,000, of coin, and retired small notes to that amount. They are to-day within fifty days of resumption of specie payments. Under the law, fifty days from to-day France passes again into the illustrious line of nations who believe in a sound ourrency, and I commend to the eloquent gentleman from Pennsylvania (Mr. Kelley) the example of France.” We call attention to a few points in connection with this statement. In 1870 the total amount of currency in circulation, belonging to the Bank of France, was $480,000,000; of this only $229,000,000 was coin or lawful money, the balance being bank notes, which were simply a substitute for, and redeemable in, coin. Observe, too, that the total of coin and paper held by the Bank of France had increased from $480,000,000 in 1870 to $747,000,000 in 1873, an increase of $267,000,000 of currency; while at the Bame time the amount of lawful money had increased from $229,000,000 of coin to $747,000,000 of legal-tender paper and coin, being an actual increase of lawful money amounting” to $518,000,000. During this time the decrease of coin was from $229,000,000 to $145,000,000, a diminution of $84,000,000. It will thus be seen she increased her legal-tender paper notes $602,000,000. Now observe the course pursued after the war. As Mr. Garfield says, “ They reduced the paper circulation $100,000,000 and increased their coin $120,000,000. According to his. own figures, then, the contraction, as pursued by France, consisted in substituting $120,000,000 of coin for $100,000,000 of bank notes, which is no contraction at all, but, instead, it made an addition to their lawful money of $20,000,000 of coin. Again, _he says, “In 1876 they had pushed into circulation $200,000,000 of coin, and retired small notes to that amount.” This was simply substituting one kind of lawful money for another kind of lawful money. Coin for legal-tender paper, dollar for dollar, which produces no contraction whatever, either of absolute money or currency in circulation among the people, and which could not in any way d&niM6 business. *o4 Ur, dtefeid imagine that the United gtateg

$1.50 uer Annum.

NUMBER 45.

has followed any such example as this in forcing specie payments? Not only do his own statements, but all the facts and figures bearing upon the case, show that they have not. He says that in 1860 we had only $207,000,000 of bank notes and $200,000,000 of coin, making a total of $407,000,000, as the greatest amount of currency that could be kept afloat at that time. Of this only $200,000,000 was lawful money—coin—the balance being bank notes convertible into coin. In the report of the Comptroller of Currency for 1876 (page 166) it is Btated that there was in circulation, Aug. 31, 1876, $684,138,959 in legal-tender notes ; $26,344,742 in fractional currency, and $176,243,955 In bank notes. This would make the total amount of currency $886,727,657. Of this amount $710,483,701 was lawful money, and the rest bank notes redeemable In lawful money. It will be seen that the currency of the country had increased from $407,000,000 in 1860 to $880,727,657 in 1865, an increase of over $479,000,000, besides the coin. During this time the lawful money had increased from $200,000,000 (of coin) to $710,000,000 of legal-tender notes and fractional currency ; while the amount of coin, although withdrawn from circulation, did not vary much from the amount in the country in 1860. This would show an actual increase of legal-tender paper money amounting to $710,000,000. And how'does it now stand ? According to Mr. Garfield's own showing, there was, on the Ist of November, 1877, $736,000,000 of greenbacks, bank notes, fractional currency and silver coin in circulation. Of this, $318,000,000 was bank notes, leaving $418,000,000 legal-tender notes, fractional currency and coin as the lfegal money; thus, instead of substituting coin for legaltender paper, as France has done, keeping not only the volume of currency, but the amount of lawful money, as large as at the close of the war, this country has all the while been changing legal-tender notes for bank notes which are not legal tender, and at the same time has also diminished its coin from about $200,000,000 in 1865 to $130,000,000 in 1877, a decrease of about $70,090,000. These figures show an actual contraction of the lawful money of this country amounting to about $388,000,000, while France has not contracted hers a dollar ; she has simply changed her legal-tender paper for solid coin, while we have been changing our legal tender lor bank notes and sending coin out of the country to pay interest on the bonds sold to obtain the greenbacks to destroy. Another important item, France has no gold nor silver mines from which to obtain an increase of specie; while the United States, during the time specie payments have been suspended, has dug from her mines over $1,000,000,060. France has obtained her supply by promoting the industries of her people and selling the products of these industries to foreign buyers for specie. This country has, by its contracting financial policy, throttled the industries of her people and sent the coin, dug from her mines, out of the country to meet the demands upon foreign debts. France has no foreign debt. This country, since the beginning of the war, has sold to foreigners more than $2,000,006,000 of Government, State, municipal and corporation bonds, the interest of which is paid in gold. Again. France has always been an exporting nation. The United States, from 1860 to 1865, imported annually an average of $95,000,000 worth more than she exported ; and the products of this country, including the products of our mines, will, for years to come, be absorbed in paying interest and principal on our foreign dt bt. And, until this foreign debt is paid, we can have, no assurance of being able to keep coin as a basis for our currency. Europe can, any day, send $50,000,000 or $100,000,000 of our bonds home, throw them upon the market, and draw on us at sight for the coin. If that coin is in circulation as currency. and exchangeable for greenbacks and bank notes, her agents will gobble it up and send it away, and nothing can prevent them. This would inevitably cause the banks to suspend. Although we may bring our paper money to par with coin, we may not be able to keep it there even for a week. Another point in regard to the legal-tender notes of the Bank of France—they were made lawful money for all debts, public and private, while greenbacks were precluded from paying custom dues and interest oil the public debt. Ou this account the value of the French legal tender has always been within 2 per cent, of par, and most of the time within half of 1 per cent. Had the greenbacks, legally, the same debt-paying power, they would never have varied much from par in coin, and we should have been at a specie basis long ore this, if none of them had been destroyed. Mr. Garfield and his specie-payment friends assert that the panic of 1873, and the subsequent hard times, are due tc the inflation of prices consequent upon putting so large a volume of legal-tender money into use. We have the most positive proofs that such is not the fact; but, on the contrary, that the whole difficulty has been caused by the destruction of le-gal-tender money and the substitution therefor of bank notes which are not legal tender. The proofs are these : The largest volume of legal-tender money was in circulation in 1865, at which time there were, as we have stated, including fractional currency, $710,000,000 in uso. There was none issued after loo*, tikj pttuiu aid tint mem until 1873, eight years after. On page 166 of the last Comptroller’s report it is stated that in August, 1865, there were in use $33,954,230 of 5 per cent., and $217,024,100 of 7 8-10 per cent, compound-interest legal-tender notes—making a total of $250,978,390. These notes were authorized in 1863-4, and were payable in 1867-8. Three were few bank notes issued previous to 1864; on the Ist of October of that year there were only $15,260,504 of these notes in circulation, while ou the Ist of January, 1866, there were $298,588,419 an increase of $253,327,915 in just fifteen months. The reader will observe that this sum was just a little more than was necessary to absorb the $250,978,390 of interest-bearing legal-tender notes—and this is precisely what the banks did; they absorbed during the year 1865 nearly all these interest-bear-ing legal tenders, and put out in their place their own bank notes, which they got for almost nothing from the Secretary of the Treasury. When these interest-bearing notes liecame due the Government issued 5-20 6 per cent, gold bonds in exchange for them, and burned up the notes. Thus the banks virtually obtained for nothing money enough from the Government to buy up these in-terest-bearing legal tenders—and also drew the interest on them—to enable them to purchase $250,000,000 of 5-20 0 per cent, gold bonds, on which the people have been paying 6 per cent, interest ever since. Again, on page 166 of the Comptroller’s last report, it is stated that the aggregate amount of legal tenders, fractional currency and bank notes in use Aug. 31, 1865, was $635,717,266. On the Ist of Jan., 1874—three months after the panic began, the aggregate amount of paper currency in circulation was $777,874,367. This shows that with all their efforts at contraction for the purpose of getting rid of irredeemable paper money, they had actually increased the amount $142,165,101. During these eight years, however, the legal tenders—the only real money in circulation—had been contra.‘ted over $300,000,000; thus the foundation the real money was all the time being lessened while the superstructure was widened and heightened by means of bank notes. This is certainly a most peculiar way of getting rid of paper money—a most peculiar way of preventing inflation.

The largest aggregate volume of paper currency in circulation—aside from the interest-bearing legal tenders—was in 1875, when there was $782,591,165, which is $146,871,899 more than was in use in 18G5, when the war closed, at which time there was the greatest amount of legal tenders. Of this amount, $354,128,027 were bank notes—an Increase of $308,867,746, and a contraction of iegal tenders of $300,000,000. Ten years of contraction has increased our paper circulation in volume', but most wofully decreased it in value, as is proven by the fatal results attendant upon our nation’s prosperity. And how have the people suffered during this period of financial knavery ? Hugh McCulloch, the man who engineered this specie-resumption business at the start, the man who, with the exception of John Sherman, is more responsible than any other for the panic, hard times, and suffering among the people, said in one of his Tribune letters that, “in 1865, when he had the management, the business men of the country were nearly out of debt.” It is a fact that farmers, merchants and mechanics had lifted mortgages that had been hanging over them for years. Ordinarily-skilled mechanics were ge’ting from $4 to $5, and laborers from $2 to $3 a day. The national debt was being paid at the rate of $100,000,000 a year. Every bueineßS man was making money, and the whole country was in a state of unparalleled prosperity. The average number of failures, as reported by Dun, Barlow & Co., during 1864, 1865 and 1866, was only 564 per annum. Emigrants wire landing on our shores at the rate of 300,000 a year. City and country property was in high demand, and being rented and sold at increasing prices. Manufactories, railroads, banks, savings banks and insurance companies were never in so solvent or so prosperous a condition. Had there been no change in our currency ; bad the business of the country been allowed to remain on the legal-tender basis, every department of business would have continued active to the present time. But how do we find it to-day ? The whole nation is literally bankrupt! Not one business man in a hundred is making more than his expenses. The rejiorted bankruptcies have increased from 560 to 10,000 a year, and hundreds of thousands of farmers and small dealers, not reported, have had the labor of a lifetime swept away. Manmfacturing establishments by the thousand have been shut up, or are running on half-time. Mechanics get from $1.50 to $2 per day, and laborers from 50 cents to $1.50 per day. Emigration has almost entirely ceased. Savings banks, life and fire insurance companies, by hundreds, have been forced into bankruptcy. Banks of issue and deposit are winding up lor want of business. The stock and bonds of many railroads and banks that were above par in gold, are now far below, or almost worthless. More than 3,000,000 of workingmen and women are living—or dying—in forced idleness, and many honest men are turned into thieving tramps and useless vagabonds. Strikes and riots are rampant among those whose wages have been reduced below starvation point, until the lives and property of the people are at the mercy of lawless mobs. And still the grinding process goes on. And who is being benefited by it 7 Nobody but a few millionaire bankers in Wall street and their associates, who have been speculating in Government credit, and at the same time selling the nation out to foreigners. About a dozen men who constitute the Wall street Syndicate are controlling and using the Government in their own interest. The facts and figures herein given furnish the most positive proofs that the panic of 1873, and the subsequent hard times, are due to the effort to destroy the legal-lender notes and put bank notes in their place, and that the Wall street cankers are responsible for the injury to the country arising therefrom. Lawful money cannot be destroyed and sham put in its place without ruining the Industries built upon that lawful money. The destruction of $300,008,000 of legal-tender paper anwy has damaged business just as much aa the dee Ruction of $300,000,000 com would have doae, if aoia were the Walton dey paogey la use. i'iie'' £p isle Beaumption apt is tie rr the fpioie resumption'

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lainy, for it provides for the total destruction of the legal tenders aud the unlimited inflation of bank paper. Mr. Garfield says: “ Daniel Webster never utterel a greater truth In finance than when he said that of all contrivances to cheat the laboring classes of mankind none were so effective as that which deluded them with an irredeemable paper money.” There are two kinds of irredeemable paper money. This statement was made by Mr. Webster with reference to one kind, while Mr. Garfield is attacking the other. One kind iB called irredeemable because the law of the land makes it genuine money that must bo received in payment of debts, and that is not based upon and therefore need not be redeemed in any other kind of money, but is based upon all the property, including the gold and silver, of tho entire nation. Such money is our greenback. The oth< r kind of paper money the law docs not recognize aR money; nobody need receive it for debts unless they choose, and the parties issuing it are by law required to redeem it in lawful money whenever it is presented for redemption. Such arc bank notes, and it was this money and no other that Daniel Webster considered “ the worst of all contrivances for cheating the laboring classes.” This was tho only kind of paper money in existence in hi's day, or of which he had practical knowledge. Although this bank paper was nominally redeem ■ able, yet Mr. Webster knew that, with from three to ten dollars afloat for one of ooin on which it was based, it was virtually and necessarily “ Irredeemable.” The most valuable property of the greenback is its legal-tender quality ;it is money of Itself'it is strong enough to stand slone, and needs no other money as a basis. No changes in the times affect its money value, or subjects those who hold It to loss by any inability for its redemption. Nothing except an act of Congress can affect it, and such act can at any time affect coin as well, as is proven ny the act to demonetize aud remonetize silver. The greenback has no enemies except the bankers, foreign importers, and thg money lenders—aud these are they who are seeking to enforce resumption for the purpose of destroying the people’s truest friend. Their object Is to make the quantity of actual money as small as possible, so that It may be the more easily controlled; and also by contracting the amount of lawful money a larger quantity of bank notes can bo put in circulation, and interest upon them be obtained from the people for the benefit of the banks. Mr. Garfield asserts that: “We are bound ou three great grounds to maintain the resumption of specio payments. First, liecause the public faith demands it. Secondly, because all the great business Interests of the country demand it; and thirdly, because our future prosperity requires a solid, permanent basis on which confidence can again plant its feet, and the business of the country revive.” J|lt is an old saying that one man may lead a horse to water, but twenty men cannot make him drink. The Resumption act may force the people to attempt specie payment, but ull the laws Congress can devise cannot maintain it. That the Government can sell bonds and redeem its legal-tender noteß no one will doubt; but this will not bring us to a specie basis by any means. It will simply remove from circulation tho lawful money of the people, and put the paper notes of tho banks in its place, aud at the same time convert the people’s money into a bonded Interest debt. The power to maintain specie payments will depecd entirely upon the supply of and demand for specie. This supply and demand will depend upon tho business prosperity of the country, upon the laws of trade, and the balance for or against us in our dealings with foreign nations; it will depend upon who receives the interest on our public debt and where it is expended : all of which dependencies are injured rather than benefited by the enforcement of the Specie Resumption act. “ The public faith,” Mr. Garfield says, “ demands the maintenance of specie resumption.” If the people have faith in anything, it is in money that saved the country from disunion; not in that which proved a failure. Nine out of ten of the business men of the country, if asked which they prefer as their paper money, greenbacks or bank notes, would tell you greenbacks. If anything could destroy public faith, it would bo the pursuance of such a monetary system as would ruin the business of the country—and destroying the greenbacks, and substituting bank notes therefor has most effectually done this. If the gentlemen desire to promote the business interests of the country, and give a solid, permanent basis for its industries, let him honor the basis that gave confidence in the most trying period of the war—a basis that has appeared unstable only because its enemies have for twolve years been attempting to destroy it. Let him vote for the repeal of the.Spccio Resumption act, and he will have mado a sure move to obtain what he is seeking to secure.. Mr. Garfield says: “ We who defeud the Resumption net propose not to destroy the greenback, but to dignify it, to glorify It. The. law that we defend docs not destroy it. It simply re ducts its volume to $300,000,000, and it makes the greenback convertible into coin, but it does not destroy and cancel it.” We ask the gentlemen if there was not in use in August, 1865, as statea on page 166 of the Comptroller’s report $681,138,959, of legal-tender paper, and over $26,000,000 of fractional currency. Have not these all been destroyed about $364,000,000 of legal-tender notes and a few millions of fractional currency ? And the. Resumption act authorizes the reduction of these to $300,000,000. Is it necessary to destroy $51,000,000 more in order to “ dignify and glorify” the remainder? We admit that the destruction of one-half of the lawful money of any country would enhance the value aud increase the purchasing power of the remainder immensely, but it would be done at a fearful slaughter of the business men and business interests of the country. We have a good example of the effects of such a proceeding, by contrasting the prosperous times of 1865-6 with the disasters of 1876-7. Wrecked fortunes, ruined merchants and manufacturers, bankrupt railroads, suspended banks, sacrificed real estate, idle and famished workingmen, all testify as to the cost.

If there was only wheat enough in the United States to supply its forty-five millions of people with food for one year, and no means of obtaining more, and by act of Congress one-half vsb destroyed, there is no doubt but lliat it would “dignify and glorify” and raise the price of the remainder—but millions of men, women and children would die of starvation as the result of such a “ dignifying ” course. The business of a country is based upon its lawful money ; and not a single dollar of the legaltender notes should ever have been removed from circulation unless there was a dollar of coin, or its equivalent, that could not only have been put in Its place, but kept there. The destruction of greenbacks, when they sre the lawful money of the people, has the same disastrous effects upon business as it would to destroy so much coin when coin was the laws ul money in use. Business is prosperous and property increases in value when the volume of legal-tender money is on tbe increase. On the contrary, business becomes dull and property shrinks in value when the quantity of legal money is being diminished. Panics follow the inflation of prices, due to an enlargement of the quantity of bank notes, which are not legal money, but mere substitutes for money. An increase of legal money, whether it be gold, silver, or paper, while it may increase values, does not produce what may be called an inflation of prices, or panics resulting therefrom. To have the business of the conntry uniformly and steadily prosperous, let the lawful money be secured against any sudden expansion or contraction, and let there be a gradual increase in volume, corresponding to the increase of population and business. If men contract debts when there is a large volume of legal money in circulation, and are compelled to nay those debts when the volume is greatly reduced, it proves ruinous io the debtor clasA. Again, if debts are contracted when money is of one kind or one value, and have to be paid in money of another Kind and greater value, it proves disastrous to the debtor.

The diminution of the volume of the legal-tender notes during the last ten years, compelling men who contracted debts with a large volume of money to pay them with half the volume of lawful money, but with an increased volume of bank notes, will readily explain the cause of so many bankruptcies. The policy advocated by Mr. Garfield has already destroyed more than half of the legal-tender notes, bankrupted nearly half of the business and wiped out more than half the value of the property of the country, and yet he insists upon destroying $54,000,000 more, in order to “ dignify and glorify ” the $1300,000,000 that he condescends to leave unconsumed, but which the Resumption act authorizes the destruction of; $54,000,000 is a little more than one-seventh of all the real money now in use; if that amount Is destroyed, it will bankrupt oneseventh ol the men now in business, force oneseventh of the working classes now employed into idleness, and cause a shrinkage of all property one-seventh of its present value ; and this would be the cap-sheaf of ruin to our country. If Mr. Garfield really seeks to promote the interests of the country, let him repeal that infamous Specie Resumption act, fix the basis of business where it should be—let the standard of value remain, and confidence will be at once restored ; capital will seek investment, labor find employment, and prosperity and happiness return to this oppressed people. If he desires to “dignify and glorify” the greenback, by bringing it to par with gold, he can do It In a week’s time,' and that without destroying another dollar. 1. Let him get a bill passed by Congress, and signed by the President, authorizing the Secretary of the Treasury to issue 4 >£ per cent, bonds, and offer them at par for greenbacks ; as Such bonds are now selling at 1% above par in coin, this would bring greenbacks to a par with coin at once. 2. To prevent the removal of greenbacks from circulation, authorize the Secretary to pay them out as last as received for 5-20 6 per cent, bonds and destroy the bonds. Continue this until all the high rate of interest bonds are paid off. 3. Let tbe Government loan its greenbacks upon undoubted security to the people, to build railroads, steamships, and for all needed public improvements, the people paying 4% per cent, per annum aa interest on the name. This would save to the people of this country $150,000,000 a year, now being paid to foreign capitalists as interest on borrowed money; it would secure the Government from loss, secure the people from heavy taxation, and at the same time provide them with the means for improvement and culture, which alone can elevate and ennoble; which alone can “ dignify and glorify ” either a na-

tion or its money.

39 and 41 West Twenty-sixth street, New York.

Forty-seven members of the XLVth Congress are natives of Penneyl vania, and Pennsylvania is proud. Of this number, Messrs. Blaine, Wallace, Cameron, Mitchell, McMillan and Patterson are Senators* New York haq fprty-niue representatives in Congress.

E. P. MILLER,