Democratic Sentinel, Volume 1, Number 30, Rensselaer, Jasper County, 7 September 1877 — Page 1

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NEWS OF THE WEEK.

THE WAR IN THE EAST A dispatch from Hhumla, dated Aug. 29, Bays: “The Russians still hold Fort Nicholas at Schipka pass. The Turks are attacking the highest Russian positions in the pass. A large number of Turkish wounded are arriving. Since yesterday afternoon and during to-day the Turks have maintained a feeble fire against the defenses in Schipka pass, j The jtagbians maintain all their positions. The Turks hold the neighboring heights, continually relieving each other in fighting. They bring up supplies on beasts of burden, and where the roads are mpassable for animals compel the Bulgarians to drag the loads. This is the greatest battle of the war, having*taow been in progress seven days.” The Roumanian army has commenced crossing the Danube, and will henceforth take an active part in the war. A correspondent of the New York Herald, who was present at the late battle near Kars, in Asia, says he saw three explosive bullets extracted from as many Russians. They were so charged as to literally blow a man to pieces when exploded in his body. The Czar is ill, and has been advised to leave for a healthier locality than that of the general headquarters. Dispatches from London on Aug. 30 State that after the desperate but unsuccessful ateinpt of the Turks tp drive the Russians out of Schipka pass the attack was not renewed, and up to Tuesday the opposing forces confined themselves to outpost skirmishing. The Turks appear to have secured possession of some heights which threaten the Russian flanks and are beyond reach of the Russian batteries.. Radetzky had been heavily reinforced, and expected to Ixj able to hold his position, while the Turks were taking-advantage of the susIHmsion of actual fighting to construct strong earthworks in the valley of the Tundja. A telegram from Pera, dated Aug. 31, says : “ The preliminary useless and bloody assaults ou the front of the Russian positions have been abandoned, and the investment of the Russian right flank commenced. The natural obstacles encountered by the Turks are of tremendous magnitude. Guns have been dragged by hand up heights almost impassable by unencumbered footmen. In the charges and countercharges at the position gained by the Turks on the Russian flank the results were murderous. On the slope in front of the Turkish guns defending the line of the rifle-pits 210 Russian bodies were left within a space seventy-five yards aquart. Quarter was rarely given or taken in this attack. From the beginning of the assault on Schipka, the fighting has been often hand-to-hand, and the dead outnumber the wounded.” An estimate of the losses at the battle of Schipka pass places those of the Russians at 8,000 and those of the Turks at 22,000. The Russians continue their advance in Asia Minor. Russian accounts report some fighting, in which they claim to have defeated the Turks, A telegram from Erzeroum says the Russians have changed their position, and are now between the Turkish army and Alexandropol. Constantinople dispatches report a severe battle in Bulgaria, on the 30th ult, between the Russians and Mehemet Ali’s forces. The Turks made au attack in force along the line of the River Lorn, and there was some hard fighting throughout the entire day, resulting, according to Turkish accounts, advantageously to their arms. They admit a loss of 3,000 in killed and wounded, and claim tliat the Russian loss was much heavier.

GENERAL FOREIGN NEWS. Already the famine in India has cost the Government $40,000,000, and is adding to the colonial burdens at the rate of £3,000,000 per month. A dispatch from Belgrade, the capital of Servia, says: “At a Ministerial Council, at which Prince Milan presided, the co-operation of the Servian army, with the Russians in Bulgaria was determined upon, and commanders of the various corps were nominated.” In the several churches of Hungary the “ Te Deuin ” lias been celebrated and prayers offered for further Turkish victories. A dreadful fire has occured in the Rosario mine in Mexico. Twenty-four fives were lost, and many persons were seriously injured. The editor of a Paris paper has been summoned before the Correctional Tribunal for publishing an insulting remark about Gen. Grant. About the same hour the ex-President was in the city of Edinburgh, undergoing the ceremony of having the freedom of the Scotch capital presented to him.

DOMESTIC INTELLIGENCE. East. A Hhocking accident is reported from Salem, Mass. A railway train ran down a crowded pier, killing four persons and wounding several more. Several ladies, in their fright, leaped off the pier into the water, but were rescued. Three railway strikers were tried at Pittsburgh, last week, for interfering with the running of trains on a road that had/passed into the' hands of a receiver. They were fined SIOO and sentenced to ninety days’ imprisonment. A little boy supposed to be the missing Charles Ross was taken by the Sheriff of Clarke county, Ohio, to Germantown, Pa. There was much excitement in the town over the arrival of the child, and a great crowd gathered at the Ross mansion to get a view of him. Many of the neighbors who remembered Charley were firmly of the opinion that the lost boy had at last been recovered, but Mr. and Mi’s. Ross, while admitting that the Ohio lad bore a strong resemblance of their child, were positive that he was not Chari sy. Alvin Adams, founder of the Adams Express Company, died the other day at his home in Watertown, Mass.

West From Fort Ellis, Mont, under date of Aug. 27, Capt. Benham, of the Seventh infantry, telegraphs as follows to Gen. Gibbon, at Helena: “The Indians appeared in Griserbasin on the 24th inst They struck a Helena and Radersburg party, killing seven- men and taking two women and one man prisoners. Jnst as he loft Mount Washburn yesterday the Indians attacked another party, killing nine of them. One of them escaped, the Indians released Mrs. Cowan, her sister and- brother, who reached Schofield yesterday. The main camp crossed the Yellowstone on the 25th. The warriors went back to fight Howard. Whitebird and L<x>king-Glass remained with the camp. Joseph went with the warriors. They say they are going to Wind river and Camp Brown to get sup. Phes. Schofield thinks they are going to the Lower Yellowstone, via Clark’s fork. They crossed the river between Mount Washburn and the lakes. Schofield does not say just where he will send his courier.” William O’Sullivan, of Chicago, loved Kate Brennock and wanted to marry her. She repulsed his advances. Result: O’Sullivan shoots her through the head with a pistol and ii.Jls her, and then commits suicide by putting :■ ballet through his own cracked brain. The Chicago papers announce the failure of

The Democratic Sentinel.

JAS. W. McEWEK, Editor.

VOLUME I.

the State Savings Bank, for many years regarded as the eolidest financial institution in the Northwest. Its deposits amounted to about <3,000,000, representing some 12,000 depositors, the bulk of whom are poor people. The collapse was precipitated by a run on the institution, caused by the recent failure of a number of St. Louis savings banks, though it is said the concern has been miserably managed, was rotten to the core, and that its failure was only a question of time under any circumstances. The officers of the bank estimate that, under prudent management of the assets, depositors will be paid 80 or 90 per cent., which is hardly probable. The triennial conclave of Masonic Commanfleriea at Cleveland, last week, was the occasion of one of the most imposing parades ever witnessed in this country. There were 8,000 swords in the procession, which was witnessed by over 26,000 people. Ben Deßar, The veteran actor and manager, died in St. Louis last week, aged 65 years. Mr. De Bar was the oldest American manager at the time of his decease. He has for many years held a leading position among the solid managers of the day, being to St. Louis what McVicker is to Chicago—a veteran manager and a good actor. The most disastrous railway accident that has happened in the West since the Ashtabula calamity occurred on the Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific railroad on the morning of Aug. 29. A passenger train bound west, and consisting of Barnum’s show car, one express, three coaches and a sleejier, was passing over what is knows as Little Four-Mile creek, nine miles east of Des Moines, lowa, when the bridge gave way, precipitating the entire train into the sti-aam, which was greatly swollen at the .time by heavy rains that had fallen during the night. The train was running at the ordinary-speed. The bridge rested on a stone arch twelve feet in the clear, supported in turn by walls five feet thick. The bridge is approached from the east round a curve, and down grade. It is thought the rails were standing alone as the train approached, and the engineer, who had slackened his speed till he came in sight of the bridge, supposing that all was right, dashed upon it. The channel of the stream was forty or fifty feet wide, and the banks about twenty feet high. The locomotive, in its wild dash, landed at the foot of the western side, and half buried itself in the earth, tytrnum’s car was next to the engine. It dropped into the channel; the baggage and mail car followed, passed directly over it, mashing it to pieces, and went to the bottom, a bar of iron running clear through it. The men in that car escaped alive. Even the lamps were not put out. The first passenger car pitched headlong into the channel, where the water was at least fifteen feet deep. Tne next car was plunged under this, telescoping with it, and the next telescoped half through both of the twb preceding it. The sleeping car did not go into the wreck, simnly because there was not enough room for it. Its occupants were jarred, but none of them seriously hurt. The most of the killed were in the car in front of the sleeper. The scene at the time of the accident is described as having been terrific. Rain was falling in torrents, accompanied by w ind, lightning and violent thunder. The crash put out the lights, and the scene of terror ensuing may well be imagined. The men who were not injured and could get out went’ to work at once to rescue the living and the wounded. They had to go a mile to a farm-house to get axes to chop them out, but they -worked heroically, and, by daylight, had the most of the wounded rescued. There were many pitiful scenes and tender incidents. Ono mother was killed sitting between two children who escaped unhurt. One little girl, who had lain in the water for four hours with a heavy man lying dead beneath her body, -was discovered to be breathing, and was rescued and restored, and now shows no signs of injury. Twenty dead bodies were taken out of the wreck, and it is thought the death-roll will be still further increased, as many of the wounded, numbering upward of fifty, are injured to such an extent that they can hardly recover. A Salt Lake dispatch announces the death of Brigham Young, the Mormon saint, after an illness of six days. His disease was cholera morbus. Young was born at Whittington, Vt., on the Ist of June, 1801, and was therefore a little over 76 years old.

An examination of the assets of the broken State Savings Institution, of Chicago, shows the assets of the concern to be worthless to a degree far beyond the first rough estimates. It is not likely that more than $600,000, or in the neighborhood of 20 per cent, of the liabilities to depositors, will be realized from all sources. Spencer, the President, and nearly all the other officers of the bank have disappeared, and their whereabouts at last accounts was unknown. Gen. Miles telegraphs the War Department at Washington that Sitting Bull has recrossed the Canadian border, and is again on American soil. Ex-Gov. Shannon, of Kansas, is dead. The citizens of Osawatomie, Kan., have erected a monument to the memory of John Brown. It is announced from Salt Lake that the question of a successor to Brigham Young will be held in abeyance for some time, and that the church will be governed by the Twelve Apostles during the interval. The following has been received at army headquarters in Chicago : “ Howard, pursuing Nez Perces, has crossed to east bank of Yellowstone, at head of Yellowstone canon, and is following trail towards east fork of Yellowstone. Lieut. Daam, with one company and 100 Crows, at Borowell’s bridge, below canon Sturges, has moved down from Crow agency to trail on Clark’s fork. Hart is moving by way of Fort C. F. Smith, and will go up Stinking Water trail toward Yellowstone park. Merritt, moving out from Brown, will go up Jones trail on Wind river. Indians last reported to be on east fork, half way between canon and Clark’s fork mine. ” Stontlx. For several years the revenue officers have had great trouble in trying to break up illicit distilling in Henry county, Tenn., and various means have been resortad to to put a stop to it, without success. Recently the better citizens of the county gave a barbecue, to which the “moonshiners,” as the crooked distillers are called, were invited. United States Senator Harris made a lengthy speech to them, showing iheta the disgrace brought upon the State by their course, and that vigorous measures would be enforced to put a stop to their illicit work. Finally an agreement was made that all of them would surrender their stills, etc., and give bond for their appearance at the next term of the United States Court. Mobile papers announce the death of Admiral Bemmes, the famous Confederate cruiser. It is announced inTt dispatch from Columbia, S. 0., that indictments have been returned by the Grand Jury against ex-Gov. Moses, ex-Lieut. Gov. Gleaves, ex-Treasurers Parker and Cardozo, ex-Comptrollers Dunn and Hoge, ex-Speaker Lee, the ex-Olerks of the General Assembly Woodruff and Jones ex-Senator Owens, and a number of others, on chargee of fraud in connection with their

RENSSELAER, JASPER COUNTY, INDIANA, FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 7, 1877.

official duties. United States Senator Patterson was also indicted for bribery.. , Ten blocks of buildings in the business par* of the town of Paris, Tex., were recently destroyed by fire. The loss is estimated at over a million dollars. - POLITICAL POINTS. The late eleetian in Kentucky for members of the Legislature resulted fn the choice of 113 straight Democrats, 13 Republicans, 6 Workger in the lower branch, and 37 Democrats and 1 Republican in the Senate. A call has been issued for a Republican State Convention in New York on the 26th of September. Rochester is the place of meeting. The New Jersey Republican Convention will meet at Trenton on Sept 25. The lowa Democratic State Convention met at Marshalltown on the 29th of August, and organized by the election of Daniel O. Fitch as permanent Chairman. Sixty-four counties were represented by 363 delegates. John P. Irish was nominated for Governor; XL C. James, of Pottawattamie, for Lieutenant Governor; N. E. J. Boardman, of Marshall, for Supreme Judge;and G. D. Culleson, of Wayne, for Superintendent of Public Instruction. All the nominations were made by acclamation; The platform as adopted by the convention is as follows: 1. The: Democracy of the State of lowa, in convention assembled, hereby declare in favor of a tariff for revenue only; honest, economic home rule ; the supremacy of civil over military power; the ieparation of church and state; equality of all citizens before the law; opposition to the granting by the General Government of subsidies to any corpora lion whatever ; and we believe, 2. The destruction of the industry of the ooun- 1 try and the pauperism of labor are the inevitable fruits of vicious laws enacted by the Republican party. 3. That, as a means of relieving the distressed portion of the community and removing the great stringency complained of in business circles, we demmd the immediate repeal of the Specie Resumption act.

4. That wo denounce as an outrage upon the rights of the people the enactment of the Republican measure demonetizing silver, and demand the passage of a law which shall restore to silver its monetary power. 5. That we favor the retention of a greenback currency, and declare against any further contraction, and we are in favor of the substitution of greenbacks for national-bank bills. G. We congratulate the country upon the acceptance by the present administration of the constitutional and pacific policy of local self-government in the States South so long advocated by the Democratic party, and which has brought peace and harmony to that section, and, in regard to the future financial policy, in the language of our national platform adopted in the New York Convention in 1868, we urge, 7. Payment of the public debt of the United States as rapidly as practicable, all money drawn from the people by taxation, except so much as is rco’ isite for the necessities of the Government economically administered, being honestly applied to such payment when due. 8. Equal taxation of every species of property, according to its value. 9. One currency for the Government and the people, the laborer and the officeholder, the pensioner and the soldier, the producer and the bondholder. 10. The right of the State to regulate railroad corporations having been established by the higher courts of the country, we now declare that this right must be exercised with due regard to justice. As there is no necessary antagonism between the people and these corporations, the common interests of both demand a speedy restoration of the former friendly relations through just legislation on the one side and a eheerfiil submission thereto on the other. 11. The rights of capital and labor are equally sacred, and alike entitled to legal protection. They have no just cause of quarrel, and their proper relations to each other are adjustable by natural laws, and should not be hampered bylegislative interference. 12. That we favor the repeal of the present Prohibitory Liquor law of this State, and the enactment of a judicious and well-regulated License law instead, all money derived from licenses to go to the common-school fund of the State. General elections are to be held in fourteen States this fall, as follows : Date. State. To be Chosen. September 5 California Legislature. September 10... Maine Gov. and Legis. October 9 Ohio Gov. and Legis. October 9 lowa Gov. and Legis. November 6..... Connecticut Legislature. November 6 Maryland Compt’rand Leg. November 6 Massachusetts. .. Gov. and Legis. November 6 Minnesota....... Gov. end Legis. November 6 Mississippi Gov. and Legis. November 6 New Jersey Gov. and Leeis. November 6.... New York Sec. Stat and Leg. November 6 Pennsylvania... .Auditor General. November G Virginia Gov. and Legis. November G Wisconsin Gov. and Legis. The lowa Prohibitionists held a State Convention at Oskaloosa last week, and nominated Hon. Elias Jessup for Governor. Steps were taken to raise a fund to canvass the State. A Washington telegram states that at a meeting of the Cabinet, the other day, it was decided that A. B. Cornell, Naval Officer at New York, should be removed as soon as a satisfactory person could be found to fill the vacancy.

WASHINGTON NOTES. J. Madison Wells called at the White House the other day to pay his respects to the President. “The interview,” says a correspondent, “ was quite short. Wells assured the President that his Southern policy was working well, and that there are at present no troubles in Louisiana. Gov. Wells says that, no matter whac President Hayes wishes in regard to the indictment against him and Gen. Anderson in New Orleans, he would be powerless, according to a recent decision of the Supreme Court of the United States. They are to be tried in October, and, if convicted, will undergo sentence immediately.” The following is the programme of the President’s Western and Southern trip; Sept. 8 and 9 he will attend the National Encampment of Volunteer Soldiers at Marietta, Ohio; thence he will visit his home at Fremont, remaining two days; Sept. 11 goes to Dayton to attend the meeting of the Board of Trustees of the Soldiers’ Home; 12th unveils a soldiers’ monument at the Home; 13th, returns to Fremont to participate in the reunion of his old regiment, 23d Ohio; 16th leaves for the South; 17th, will be present at the opening of the Industrial Exposition at Louisville, Ky.; 19th, will visit Nashville, Tenn.; 20th, Chattanooga 21et, Knoxville; thence returning to Washington through Virginia, visiting Lynchburg, Richmond and otner prominent cities. Washington papers chronicle the death of E. L. Stanton, a son of Edwin M. Stanton, late Secretary of War. A Washington dispatch says Secretary Sherman is in favor of the Government issuing 4 per cent, savings bonds. He also favors a postal savings-bank system, like that existing in England. The reports upon the subject of the movements of Sitting Bull are so conflicting that Secretary McCrary has made up his mind to send a commission to meet him, wherever he may be found. 4- G. Lawrence, of Rhode Island, has consented to serve on the nommission, in place of Gen. McNeill, of St. Louis, who declined the honor. The President has appointed Thomas W. Hunt United States Marshal for the Southern District of Mississippi, vice J. L. Lake, Jr., resigned ; Lewis E. Parsons, United States Attorney for the Northern and Middle Districts of Alabama, vice Charles E. Mayer, removed ;

“A Firm Adherence to Correct Principles.”

Samuel G. Reid, United States Marshal for the Middle and Southern Districts of Alabama, vice George Turner, removed. The public-debt statement for Sept. 1 shows a decrease in the national indebtedness during jhe month of August of $3,869,538. Following are the official figures : BiKPer centb0nd5............ .....A 814.341*050 Five per cent, bonds 703,266,650 Four and a half per cent.bonds....... 188,000,000 Total coin bonds $1,702,607,700 Lawful money debt $ 14,000,000 Matured debt 13,357,660 Legal tenders 358,040 096 Certificates of deposit 50,430,000 Fractional currency 19,172.114 Coin certificates 38,525,400 Total without Interest $ 466.167,510 Total debt $2,202,132,971 Total interest 26,265 G 94 Cash In treasury—coin $ 106,904,936 Cash in treasury—currency 11,828,537 Currency held for redemption of fractional currency 8,265,412 Special deposits held for redemption of certificates of deposit . 50,430,000 Total in treasury $ 172,928,886 Debt less cash in treasury $2,055,469,779 Decrease of debt during August 3.869,538 Decrease since June 30 7,746,884.43 Bonds issued to Pacific Railroad Companies,interest payable in lawful money; principal outstanding 64,623,512 Interest accrued and not yet paid 646,235 Interest paid by the United States 35,957,629 Interest repaid by transportation of mails, etc 8,676,250 Balance of interest paid by, United States 27,281,378 MISCELLANEOUS GLEANINGS. Another installment of American carpenters sailed from New York for England last week, under a three years’ engagement. Only twelve of the Governors of the States and Territories accepted invitations to be present at Philadelphia as the guests of the city and the Permanent Exposition. The annual meeting o the American Association for the Advancement of Science was held at Nashville, Tenn., last week. There was a large attendance, and a number of interesting papers were read. One hundred and fifty new members were elected. Dr. V. N. Hurlbert, of Chicago, was elected Eminent Grand Commander of the Knights Templar of the United States, at the recent conclave m Cleveland. The next triennial meeting will be held in Chicago in 1880. As a result of the amalgamation of the leading telegraph companies of the country, the tariff on all messages of ten words between the East and the West has been advanced from 25 cents to 40 cents. Brigham Young leaves a family of seventeen wives and fifty-six children (sixteemsons and twenty-eight daughters) to mourn his death. The death of E. L. Davenport, for many years recognized as one of the most accomplished actors on the American stage, occurred last week at his summer residence in Canton, Pa. Mr. Davenport was 61 years old. In the month of May, 1876, Hon. 8. S. Burdette, Commissioner of the General Land Office at Washington, and an ex-member of Congress from Missouri, mysteriously disappeared. He was last seen at a hotel in New York, where he had considerable money on his person, and it was supposed he had been murdered and robbed. The other day he suddenly reappeared in Sedalia, Mo. The unfortunate man’s mind is clouded, and he is unable to tell whore he has been or what he has been doing all these inonths.

TRADE AND INDUSTRY.

Thebe are seventy establishments in the United States devoted to the production of window glass. Of the several States New Jersey has the largest number, twenty-seven. The Springfield Republican says the Fall Biver manufacturers have been attempting to force up the prices of their goods a little too fast, and, creating a reaction in consequence, have been accumulating heavy stocks. But they have such faith in the future of the market that they refuse to reduce production, and several new mills are in progress of erection, while nearly all of them have recommenced paying dividends to their stockholders. From all reports received it seems to be an assured fact that the British harvest this year will be a light one, the wheat crop especially. The harvest in France is also defective, and the Russian fields are going to waste owing to insufficient hands. The German cro r 1 j looking well. fhis is rather encouraging news for us. We have this year one of the finest crops ever garnered, and it is estimated on the London Exchange that the importation of wheat from America will exceed last year’s supply by 2,000,000 quarters. £n spite of the recent sudden falling off in the exports of fresh meat to Europe, the business still survives, and gives promise of permanence. Since January 1 we have sent to English ports 69,445,490 pounds fresh beef, worth $6,941,599, against 19,990,895 pounds worth $1,755,191 during the same period of 1876. The butter and cheese exports are large. Since May 1, 6,031,353 pounds of butter have been sent over, against 1,846,149 the same period of 1876, 52,667,743 pounds of cheese, against 43,442,179 last year. The great German capital, Berlin, is going through a terrible real-estate collapse. For three or four years before 1873 it seemed impossible to build houses fast enough to supply the increasing population, or to advance prices beyond the takers. But the supply was pushed beyond the demand, prices have been so high that people went away, and now there are 20,000 vacant apartments in the city. There is a great deal of real estate that does not yield income enough to pay taxes, and a wide-spread distress and ruin among real-estate men who have done business on borrowed capital. The farmers are enjoying a prosperity which might well arouse the envy of all other classes. Combining in themselves the interests of both capital and labor, they have, fortunately, escaped the effects of the recent conflicts which the antagonism of such interests has produced in various parts of the country. They have tilled their fertile acres in peace, and have been blest with an unusually abundant harvest. Their bins are bursting with the golden yield of the grain fields. Plenty sits smiling at their hearths. For -the products of their acres there is an active demand. The granaries of the marts of Russia have been exhausted. The war has practically stopped Russian agriculture. The surplus of American grain will find a ready outlet through the channels of exportation. Prices will rule high and fanners will be happy. New York’s richest millionaires are rated as follows: William H. Vanderbilt, $75,(XX),000; John Jacob Astor, $60,000,000; William Astor, $30,000,000; Peter Goelet (estate! $25,000,000; Russel Sage, $12,000,000; Moses Taylor, Judge Hilton, Frederick Stevens, and Catherine Wolfe, each, $10,000,000,

SCRAPS OF HISTORY.

What Justice Field Has to Say About the New York Sun’s Story Concerning Bradley. [San Francisco Telegram.] A few days ago the Daily Exchange published an editorial suggesting the propriety of some reply from Justice Field, of the United States Supreme Court, to the article recently published in the New York Sun, charging Justice Bradley with having read an opinion to Justices Field and Clifford to the effect that the electoral vote of Florida should be given to Tilden and Hendricks, the Democratic nominees, and reversing his conclusion without an alteration of the premises or agreements. A number of attempts have been made by representatives of the press to interview Justice Field on the subject, but he has uniformly refused to say anything on the subject, and in most cases has refused to see them altogether. The Exchange to-day publishes an interview with Justice Field. He at first demurred to giving any statement whatever, but finally said, after some reflection, and speaking with great deliberation, “Well, sir, all that I care to say with regard to that is tliat Justice Bradley read ” [with peculiar emphasis on the word read] —“Justice Bradley read no opinion t' me in advance of a formal submission of his opinion to the commission. Beyond that, I think, it would be improper for me to say anything. If I should enter upon the subject, I should probably say a §beat deal more than I wish to say. ” “ I think I comprehend your reply,” said the interviewer. “The point you make is that the opinion which the Sun says was submitted to you and Justice Clifford in writing was so written, that it was a mere verbal communication of the opinion Justice Bradley had arrived at. ” To this the Justice replied : ‘ ‘ You have my answer; all the answer I can now make. Justice Bradley did not read [again emphatically] any opinion to me as alleged.” “Very well. You,” continued the questioner, ‘ ‘ can raise no objection to my calling attention in my publication of this conversation to the emphasis you put on the word read. That will make the significance of your reply as clear to the reader as it is now to me?” ‘ ‘ You have all the answer I have to make,” persisted the Justice. “I will not discuss the matter in any of its details. ” In the course of some further conversation, the Justice urged his preference not to be dragged into the controversy at all. Ho says that he regretted that his name had beeqused, as he was associated with Justice Bradley on the bench of the United States Supreme Court,and it would be exceedingly unpleasant were their social relations to be disturbed by such a controversy. He also emphatically declined to go any further into the subject, urging tliat the members of the commission were bound by a resolution to respect the secrecy of their deliberations.

A Standing Army to Awe Labor.

The time has come in the United States when the proposition to raise and equip a standing army for the pose of suppressing strikes is advocated by a large fraction of the journals in the country, from the New York Nation down; finds favor and even indorsement with the administration in power, and nowhere seems to create a shock. At the same moment England is boasting of the final and peaceful termination of the long-lived difficulties between labor and capital. The London Standard, commenting on the topics suggested by the death of John Frost, the celebrated Chartist, takes occasion to say: “It may, we think, be fairly taken for granted that the whole cycle of questions connected with what used to be called the ‘Rights of Labor,’ in which the Chartism of forty years ago had its origin, are now practically settled, and that the relations between employers and employed, between labor and capital, will never again become the source of any widespread disaffection in this country.” This country has been widely advertised as a home for the laboring man; as a land of refuge for the oppressed; as a country offering homes and plenty to the industry that would seek them, come from what shore they might. The workingmen of Great Britain have been taught, when longing for food and comfort and blessings, to look toward the setting sun; and, in this country, and in this year of our Lord, it is proposed, perhaps, for the first time in history, to raise a standing army to suppress strikes. England is a martial nation, her music the note of the bugle; but England, whence labor flees, never raised or kept a standing army to quench the wrath of long-suffering workingmen. What country ever did ? Among the results of the late strike we have seen burning cities; the bodies of the slain; a Communistic platform adopted by a great party in this great State; millions of property in asides; starvation made more and bitterer; but it is doubtful if any of the melancholy consequences of the recent disturbances is so much to be regretted as the fact that it is deliberately and widely proposed, and even by the executive branch of the Government itself, to raise a standing army, or to double the existing one, for the single object of crushing hungry and angry workingmen. The sad spectacle is presented in this broad, free land, longing for labor, of a Government with one hand driving laboring men to desperation, with the other bayoneting back their acts of despair; of a Congress enacting laws whose results it must raise a standing army to smother; of a great and peaceful republic whose legislation necessarily leads to insurrection and anarchy unless supported by arms 1 How long will our Congress continue to enact starvation and send it forth in statutes only to be compelled to raise an army to batter down the of the hunger and want it hire enacted ? But this is the comment Congress is asked to make tipon its own policy.— New York Herald.

Carpet-Bag Rule in South Carolina.

The investigation which is now going on in South Carolina, and is intended not only to expose the thieves who pillaged the treasury of the State during the period of carpet-bag rule, but to make those who are able to do so disgorge their illgotten gains, has created a panic among the ring chiefs and Republican leaders who controlled the legislation and the Government of the State. Many have fled beyond the reach of process, thus

virtually confessing their guilt. Others who went off in disguise have been found and carried back. A noble band of these patriots is gathered at Washington, to avoid giving testimony and to escape the consequences of evidence given by others. Patterson is at the head of this crowd, seeking pfotection under the wing of the fraudulent administration. There is hardly a doubt but conclusive proofs will be furnished to establish the complicity of Scott, Chamberlain, and others of even better repute, in the issue of bonds, jobbery in railroads, venal legislation, and a variety of rascally transactions. The revelations of Mose*, wlro was an integral part of this organized robbery, who was in the confidence of all the parties implicated, and who was discreet enough to preserve a mass of original papers showing their guilt, are astounding, and, when published, must make a stir.— New York Sun,

The Great Fraud.

The events of the last nine months have indicated very plainly what will be the leading question before the people for some time to come. It is the preservation of the right of the majority to rule. Last year the people elected Mr. Tilden President by a majority of a quarter of a million of the popular vote, and by a majority of twenty-three of the electoral vote. But Mr. Hayes was counted in notwithstanding. The man who was elected was counted out, and the man who was not elected was counted in, and seated, and holds the plaee. As Mr. Tilden has himself said, not long since, the question now is whether our elective system is to be maintained. This is the question of questions. Until it is settled there can be no politics founded on inferior questions of administrative policy. It involves all others —finance, labor and the whole system of popular government. The people must signally condemn the great fraud put upon them. They must strip the example of everything that would attract imitation, and refuse a prosperous immunity to those who reap the benefit of the crime. Judgment is already overtaking them. I believe in keeping the great fraud before the people until we can have it definitely determined whether the majority shall rule or whether elections shall be decided by returning'boards, and “by fraud, by perjury and by forgery,” as the senior Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States says the last one was. It is now the mission of the Democratic party to see to it that this crime is kept always before the people, and that the memory of it shall not die out of the land. On this question it does not seem possible that any sincere patriot or honest man should hesitate long upon which side he will be found.— Letter from Editor M. M. Ham, of the Dubuque Herald.

Gen. Lew Wallace and Indian warfare.

Gen. Lew Wallace, the Indiana soldier and novelist, has made a proposition to the War Department to allow him to enlist a regiment or battalion of frontiersmen for permanent service in the United States army. He contends that the regular army is a failure as far as Indian fighting is concerned ; that the Ouster massacre was but a repetition of Braddock’s defeat at Pittsburgh 100 years before, and worse as far as the loss of life was concerned. He accounts for the inefficiency of the army in Indian warfare by pointing out the necessity of loading men down with supplies, wnile the Indians ‘' travel so light. ” He wants to raise a regiment of men to be mounted on Indian ponies, who can ride, and shoot, and subsist as the Indians do. He wants every man in the regiment to be familiar with the Indian mode of warfare, so they can cope with them on even terms. The Secretary of War thinks, and so replied to Gen. Wallace, that such a regiment as he describes would be very serviceable, but he does not consider himself possessed of the authority to order its enlistment-. Moreover, he thinks that the regular army, as far as its numbers go, is as efficient as any force can be. It is true they could travel faster if they went each on his own account, without regard to discipline, as the Indians do, and supply trains are always a drawback. Gen. Crook’s campaign in 1875 and 1876 with pack mules was as successful as any could have been, because he was numerically strong enough to follow up his advantages as fast as he gained them, while Gen. Howard has only a handful of men, mostly infantry, and has had to stop several times for reinforcements and supplies.

A Great French Gambler.

Blanc, of Monaco, nas left 1,000,000 francs to the Church of St. Roch, 300,000 francs to the poor of the first arrondissement, 500,000 francs to the infirm priests of the Maria Theresa Asylum and 100,000 ffanes to the chapel of the Roquette prison, where criminals under sentence of death hear mass for the last time. He had the virtue to confess that it was by God’s own mercy he never passed that place <?f worship. It was his intention, if he died in Paris, to have been attended by the Abbe Crozes, chaplain of La Roquette, who attends assassins to the scaffold, and gives them a parting embrace before M. de Paris and his aides strap them to the swivelboard of the guillotine. His fortune in France and on the Riviera comes to 88,000,000 francs. The legacy duty of his Swiss estates amounts to something over 200,000 f?ancs. If Blanc had been the Duke of Wellington he could not have been buried with more solemn state. Blanc’s four unmarried children are the greatest catches going in the matrimonial market, and they are determined to marry into none but the noblest houses in Europe.— London Truth.

The Colorado Beetle.

The demand in Germany and England for specimens of the Colorado beetle is so large that an artificial supply has been stimulated. It is said that at a sugar factory in Cologne a specimen of the sugar beetle, which bears a strong resemblance to the ravaging insect of Canada and Colorado, was discovered. A model was straightway made of the interesting creature, which, inclosed in a neat box, was offered for sale to a curious public. The demands have been so numerous that the beetle can hardly be supplied fast enough, no fewer than 10,000 boxes haveing been exported to Enland

An official statement of the military forces of Spain has been published at Madrid, showing that the army would number in war time 243,000 infantry and 30.000 cavalry, with 206 guns. In times of peace the yearly contingents will be reduced to suit the exigencies of the budget.

$1.50 ner Annum.

NUMBER 3 0

SILVER.

Letter from Thurlow Weed in Favor of Its Remonetization. Paper Money as Indispensable as Gold or Silver. To the Editor of the New York Tribune .- The law of 1873 demonetizing silver was quietly but skillfully worked through Congress. The purpose and effect were not understood by ope out of five of the members who voted for it. Nor, intil this discussion commenced, was the existence of such a law known to any considerable number of our citizens. It was passed simply to promote the interests of the bondholders, usurers and speculators in gold. Its effect has been to cripple industry and oppress labcr. There seems in the minds of the advocates of the gold standard but one interest entitled to public consideration. Everything must yield to the bondholders. No matter what amount of loss or suffering reaches other interests and other classes, the bondholder must be protected. The bondholders are not only wards of the Government, but enjoy the sympathy of the press. Every other department and branch of business may suffer. Labor may seek in vain for employment, but the bondholder must have his interest in gold, which he immediately converts into greenbacks at a premium. The vigilance of the Government and the press in the defense of the bondholders suggests an inquiry which is certainly pertinent, and may possibly prove useful. Foreign capitalists naturally took advantage of our necessities during the Rebellion to purchase our bonds at a low figure.

In November, 1862, gold sold at 131 In December, 1862, sold sold at 131 In January, 1863, gold brought.... 148 In February, 1863, gold brought 165 In March, 1863., goldbrought .160 In April, 1863, gold brought 153 In May, 1863, gold brought ..147 In June, 1863, gold brought 146 In July, 1863, gold brought - , 135 In August, 1863, goldbrought 126 In September, 1863, gold brought ....135 In October. 1863, gold brought 148 In November, 1863, gold brought 148 In December, 1863, gold brought .150 In January, 1864, gold brought 155 In February, 1864. gold brought 158 In March, 1864, goldbrought 164 In April, 1864, gold brought 174 In May, 1864, gold brought, 182 In June, 1864, gold brought. 220 In July, 1864, gold brought 240 In August, 1864, gold brought 2">4 In September, 1864, gold brought 220 In October, 1864, gold brought 210 In November, 1864, gold brought 240 In December, 1864, gold brought 230 In 1865, 1866, 1867, and 1868 the premium on gold averaged 170. It was during these years of depression, when the fabulous premiums on gold opened the purse-strings of usurers, that American securities found purchasers in Europe. Our bonds, therefore, were purchased in Europe during those years at prices alternating between 30 and 50 c .nts on the dollar. Simultaneously our own citizens were subscribing for the 5-20 loan at par. paying for their bonds in greenbacks. Subsequently these bonds, the interest and principal payable in coin, rose in value to the coin standard, changing in value as the premium on gold changed ; never, however, until recently, falling below 12 per cent. For twelve or more years, therefore, the foreign bondholder has been receiving 6 per cent, annually in gold on every SI,OOO bond, for which he paid somewhere between S3OO and $500; while the American bondholders, receiving their 6 per cent, interest semi-annually in gold, immediately converted their gold into greenbacks at a premium of from 12 to 20 per cent. In a season of financial embarrassment Government stocks fell considerably below par. Our banks, trust companies, savings institutions, and capitalists availed themselves of that opportunity to invest largely—realizing, a year or two afterward, besides their gold interest, from 25 to 30 per cent, profit. The stock of one of our city banks rose a full 100 per cent, in consequence of the money made by that institution by its large and lucky purchases of Government 6s. So far, therefore, both the foreign and American bondholders have been munificently rewarded.

But this is not all. The bondholders have had a “good thing’ , in the way of “usance.” I have not been able to learn what proportion of our national debt is held by Americans. If we assume the amount thus held to be $1,000,000,000, and that the gold interest has, during the last twelve years, averaged 9 per cent., the bondholders who promptly convert their gold interest into greenbacks have pocketed the handsome sum of $5,400,000 annually, making, in twelve years, $64,800,000. The foreign bondholder who reinvested his gold interest in American securities was correspondingly benefited. In view of these facts, will it be said that we are dealing dishonestly, inequitably or illiberally with the Government bondholders by maintaining that they should be paid in exact accordance with the terms upon which they loaned the Government their money? Nor should it be forgotten that, during these weary twelve years of financial derangement, capital, which “toils not,” has been Squeezing these gold premiums out of labor. lies, while capital “fares sumptuously every day,” millions of laborers have sweat upon land and sea to appease a class whose ceaseless cry is, Give ! give ! These onerous and remorseless gold premiums, in the memorable language of President Jackson, make the rich richer and the poor poorer. Until 1840 the United States produced little or no silver. In 1846, in the infancy of our mines, their product was estimated at X 1,864 sterling. Thenceforward the developments were rapid and rich; so much so, that in 1873 the United States was the largest silver-producing country in the world, as will be seen by the following estimates : United Statess36,soo,ooo Mexico. 25,000,000 Central an I South America.. ..i 8,ii00,000 German empire 3,000,000 France 2,000.000 SpainX. 2.000,000 Austro-Huugarian monarchy...'. 1,600,000 Great Britain and colonies 1,000,000 Canada 900,000 Italy (Sardinia) 500,000 Prussia 500,000 Sweden ard Norway 250,000 Total. $76,250,000 And then the one-standard agitation commenced. While for two centuries neither silver nor gold was produced in our country, we gratefully accepted both from abroad. The mineral wealth of California was developed immediately after that Territory was ceded to the United States. The acquisition of that Territory with the immediate discovery of its treasures, was alike seasonable and auspicious. It seemed as if this vast deposit of gold and silver had been providentially reserved until it was most needed, and then so dispensed as to promote the prosperity and happiness of the American people. But now, because Latin Governments have discovered that a double standard is inconvenient, shall we voluntarily impoverish ourselves by rejecting a boon which has been so long held precious throughout the world? The idea that silver should cease'to be a standard because our mines are too productive, is unsound. Silver has various other uses. There is an unlimited demand for it. It enters largely into the domestic requirements of civilized society. It constitutes a large proportion of the decorative habits and tastes of the world. In ancient times it was so abundant that Polybius says the tiles upon the roof of the temple at Ecbatana were of solid silver, and the beams and pillars of the temple were covered with plates of silver and gold. Not then, or in the days of King Solomon, when it is said to have been still more plentiful, did silver c ease to be a standard. It was reserved for an American Congress to pass a law demonetizing silver, and for the American press to maintain that the payment of our national debt upon the terms agreed to between the borrower an<J lender is “repudiation.” I alluded in a former letter to the fact that gold as a medium of currency has no international character; that even between England and France, divided only by a narrow channel, there is no oommon gold standard. The English and the French gold coins bear the “superscription” of their respective sovereigns, and are restricted in their circulation to their respective countries. English gold coins that come to New York when the balance of trade is in our favor go not into circulation, but remain temporarily, or go to the mint for recoinage. Nor do any of the American gold eagles or half-eagles, exported to England or France, enter into the circulation of those countries. Until the Latin Governments capriciously demanded a single standard, silver coin enjoyed an international character. The Spanjsh and Mexican dollars formed ?•

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part of the circulating medium of England, Europe and America, and were almost exclusively the currency of India, China and Japan. But now, without any public necessity or for any reason affecting the rights of nations or the welfare of peoples, we are arbitrarily required to discard a monetary standard with which the whole world is familiar, and which has furnished facilities for conducting the various business intere-ts of all the nations of the earth with conven enc* and safety for more than twenty centuries. And, as I have before stated, the grounds upon which thi < demand is made, shipped of verbiage, are: First, that a double standard is inconvenient; and, second, that America is too rich in silver. Will it be seriously urged that these objections are sufficient to beguile us into a betrayal of vital interests—interests protected by our constitution and laws? The embarrassing and mortifying circumstance is, that the pressure comes not so much from abroad as from ourselves. In 1873, Congress, with a very imperfect understanding of the question, passed a law demonetizing silver. And now, with a better kn aw ledge of our duty and interests,/ when th'* repeal of that law is demanded. veheJ ment and denunciatory opposition is made by the leading and most influential journals of our city! The advocates of a constitutional currency incur the same reproaches and epithets applied to those who are avowedly in favor of an irredeemable paper currency. For insisting upon the payinc nt of the public debt in the precise currency ‘’nominated in th* bond,” wo are flippantly stigmatized repudiators. This gratuitous imputation will lose its power as soon as silver is restored to its proper use. Both gold and silver were valueless as money until thev were made “ precious ”by Governments. The mints, under the direction of Congress, can make the gold and silver dollar of equal intrinsic value. With all the artificial disadvantages under which silver labors, its relative value to gold is constantly approximating. The immediate effect of its remonetization will be to restore the equilibrium that had existed for centuries. Among other devices against silver, it is said that its remonetization will so seriously affect our credit abroad that foreigners will .end our bonds home. It i- to b hoped they will do so. We shall be ready to take all they will send. American capital now seeking investment at 3. 4 and 5 per cent, would gladly invest their millions in Government 6’s at par. We have lived through sixteen eventful years. The magnitude of our civil war is without a parallel. * * * Paper money is as indispensable as gold or silver. Indeed, we are far more largely indebted to “rags,” as it is now the fashion to characterize bank notes, for our national prosperity, than silver or gold. In its most depreciated condition, paper money subsisted our forefathers during the Revolutionary war. Paper money carried our country through the war with England in 1812. Paper money preserved our Government and Union. Without paper money from 1776 to 1876 we should have made a poor show at the Philadelphia Centennial. With a metallic currency our progress would have been very tardy. The forests would not have disappeared, nor would the villages and cities have grown up with unprecedented rapidity. All our own interests, all our industries, and all our institutions have been cherished, sustained and protected by the use of paper money. With nothing but “hard money” from the landing of the Pilgrims, we should have had nothing but hard times. Paper, as the representative of silver and gold, was enabled to work out enlightened and munificent enterprises and object* conferring wealth and happiness on our people, and imparting strength to our Government! While, therefore, paper is convertible at all times and places into coin, bank notes are just as valuable as the precious metals. The great purpose and object of resumption is not so much to bring gold into circulation as to restore to the bank notes their convertible character. Gold is passive ; paper active. Gold works out its mission in vaults and coffers ; paper courses like blood through the veins and arteries of business, from the extremities to the heart of the nation, imparting strength, vigor, and health to the, whole

body.

THEN AND NOW.

John Sherman on Resumption Kight Years Ago. Said Secretary Sherman, in a speech delivered in the United States Senate, Jan 29, 1869; * * * * If Senators want other examples of the severe process of passing from a depreciated currency to a currency convertible in gold, let them read the story of the times after the Revolution, and after the revulsion of 1812, and after the revulsion of 1837, all of which w r cre periods of transition from a depreciated to a convertible paper currency. It is not possible to take this voyage without the sorest distress. To every person, except a capitalist out of debt, or to the salaried officer (the Secretary of the Treasury, for instance), or annuitant, it is a period of loss, danger, lassitude of trade, fall of wages, suspension of enterprise, bankruptcy and disaster. To every railroad it is an addition of at least one-third the burden of its debt, and, more than that, deduction from the value of its stock. It means the ruin of all dealers whose debts are twice the value of their capital, though one-third less than their property. It me ms the fall of all agricultural productions without any great reduction of taxes. To attempt this task by a surprise upon our people, by arresting them in the midst of their lawful business, and applying a new standard of value to their property, without any reduction of their debts, or giving them an opportunity to compound with their creditors, or to distribute their losses, would be an act of folly without example for evil in modern times. * * * if merchants, dealers-and traders owe more than they can promptly collect op debts due to them, they must lose to the full extent of the appreciation (of the depreciated currency); and they must make good this loi#f 4 by the sale of a part of their property at reduced prices, or by contracting new debts, to be paid in an appreciated currency. As a general rule, any appreciation of the currency is injurious to all these classes. * * * Wnat does specie payments mean to a debtor ? It means the payment of $125 where he has agreed to pay SIOO. Where he has purchased property and paid one-fourth of it, it means the loss of the property. It means the addition of one-fourth to all the currency debts in the United States A measure to require a debtor now to pay his dabt in gold, or currency equivalent to gold, requires him to pay 135 bushels of wheat when he agreed to pay 100; and, if this appreciation is extended through a period of three years, it requires him to pay an interest of 12 per cent, in addition to the ratejftie has agreed to pay. When we consider the enormous indebtedness of a new country like ours, where capital is scarce, and where credit has been substituted in the place of capital, it presents a difficulty that may well cause us to pause. * * * All the historical precedents show that fixing the day for resumption inevitably led to a contraction of the currency by the banks, so that, when the day came, the actual scarcity of currency.prevented a demand for coin ; and this process of contraction, both in England and the United States, produced the sorest distress, and was relieved in England by Parhament authorizing a loan of exchequer bills and new issues by the Bank of England. Sb, after the war of 1812, the sore distress caused by the failure of the State banks was only relieved by a new paper currency issued by the second United States Bank. “

The Phylloxera.

A rival to the potato bug in European fears is that other American visitant, the phylloxera. This little pest has been detected at work in several Swiss vineyards—at Neuchatel, Boudry and Colombier, where delicious white and red wines are produced. Straightway the infected areas were incircled by a zone of white flags, guarded by police, and no stranger allowed to enter them. Then men were set to work pulling up every vine, sat orating its roots in petroleum and bur" ling it, while the whole soil was treated with a thorough medication warranted to kill out any of the insects existing therein. They certainly have an energetic plan of precautionary farming over the water, as the Cologne potatofield and the Neuchatel vineyards attest. A man in Boston made a savage assault the other day upon his doctor, while suffering from temporary insanity, brought on by a too-free indulgence in ham and eggs. The Globe calls attention to the fact that a too-free indulgence in that toothsome viand must therefore be regarded as a most dangerous and deadly practice.

T. W.