Democratic Sentinel, Volume 1, Number 28, Rensselaer, Jasper County, 24 August 1877 — Page 1

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NEWS OF THE WEEK.

THE WAB IN THE EAST. A dispatch from Gabrova *ays “Bulgarian fugitives estimate that from 12,000 to 15,000 Christians have been massacred by the Turks in the Eski-Baghra and Tschirpan districts. Soldiers were posted along the road from EskiHaghra to Kazanlik, with orders to .shoot everybody passing. When the Russians evacuated Eski-Saghra, the Turks ordered that all Christians, men, women and children, should be shot as they left their houses. Those who remained were burned alive. The order was given to burn down and destroy evorif particle of Christian properly. The hospital, containing 800 sick and wounded Russian soldiers, was burned.”

The Roumanian army will not cross the Danube until the Russian reinforcements reach the front, and then perhaps the assistance of th* Roumanian army will not l>e needed. Qen. Krudener, who Commanded at Plevna, has been succeeded by Gen. Latoff. The Turks have achieved another important victory. A portion of Sulieman Pasha’s command attacked the Russian columns guarding the Rsalia and Harem-Bogoz passes through the Balkans, routed them with great slaughter, and regained possession of the two passes. The loss of the Russians was 500 killed and 1,000 wounded. The Turkish army in Bagdad, 35,000 Htreng, has been ordered to Constantinople. Advices from Asia Minor report that the Russians have been largely reinforced, and have commenced a general forward movement. The siege of Rustchuk has been abandoned by the Russians. The Russians officially acknowledge the loss of 14,45!) men killed and wounded up to Aug. 9. Every detail of preparation shows that the Russians have made up their minds for a long war, and are preparing great depots of firewood. The Roumanian Government is also asking tenders for the supply of great quantities of clothing and stores. The fever epidemic in the Russian army in Bulgaria is said to be increasing. A telegram from Bucharest Hays: “Gen. Gonaka declares that the Russian positions from the Danube to Hchipka pass are so strong that the Turks will not venture an attack. Both armies are constantly intrenching themselves. The Turks especially hold a wonderfully strong position at Plevna, but Osman Pasha is nevertheless in a difficult situation, because the numerous cavalry attached to the 80,000 Russians confronting hnn completely

cut off his communications with Holla, and capture his convoys of ammunition and provisions. The Russians will not undertake operations until the whole guard arrives from St. Petersburg. This signifies a pause of a fortnight or three weeks.” A sharp engagement has been fought in Asia between a Russian reconnoitering party and a portion of Mukhtar Pasha’s army, resulting, as usual, in the defeat of the Russians. A court-martial has convened in Constantinople to try Radif Pasha, ex-Minister of War ; ex-Commander-in-Chief; Brigadier Gens. Ahmet and Hafvet Pasha, the latter commanding at Tinuiva ; Gen. Escharef Pasha, of Rustchuk, and Hamdi Bey, Governor of Histova, ali charged with having made bad dispositions and with negligence when the Russians crossed the Danube.

GENERAL FOREIGN NEWS. From statements made at a public meeting in Madras, the other day, it appears that th* famine area in that part of British India has a population of 18,000,000 people. Nearly all the food consumed in that district is imported from less afflicted regions. One-twelfth of the whole population are fed by the Government, and the Sanitary Commissioner of the province is responsible for the appalling statement that no less than half a million have’perished from actual starvation or privations they have suffered. The Mark Laue Express, reviewing the crop prospects throughout Great Britain, finds the outlook quite discouraging. In England the wheat is very poor, with bad weather for gathering the crop, such as it is, and in Scotland the delay of the harvest by excessive rains increases the probability of damage. Queen Victoria., in her address to the English Parliament, proroguing that body till the 30th of October, congratulates the country on its friendly relations with other nations, and reviews the efforts that have been made to preserve neutrality in the Russian-Turkish troubles. Should any emergency arise to disturb the equanimity of the country, she will rely upon Parliament to vindicate and maintain its integrity and honor. Groat Britain has prohibited the landing in that country of leaves or stalks of potatoes from the United States, Canada or Germany. A new convention concluded between Great Britain and Egypt for the suppression of the slave trade entirely prohibits the export or import of negro slaves. Egyptian slave-traders will be tried by court-martial as assassins. Foreigners will be handed over to their own tribunals. British cruisers are authorized to capture slavers hoisting the Egyptian flag. The Khedive engages to abolish all private traffic iu slaves in Egypt within seven years, and within twelve years in Soudan and the frontier provinces. The foreign policy of Servia has precipitated a revolution in the Ministry, and several resigns tions have been sent in.

DOMESTIC INTELLIGENCE. I da Mt. There was a big and a patriotic gathering at Bennington, Vt., on the 15th and 16th inst., to elebrate the centennial anniversary of the battle fought there 100 years ago, as well as the 100th anniversary of the birth .of Vermont as a State. Gunpowder, music, processions, banquets, speeches, and a general exuberance of spirits, were the features of the occasion. The crowd, estimated at 50,000, included President Hayes and many other distinguished personages. West. ~ W- Hib by. indicted for subornation of perjury in the Grover investigation at Portland, Ore., has been held to appear in the sum of $2,500. In default he is in jail. The steamer City of Madison, from Chicago for Ludington, Mich., was burned on Lake Michigan, off Racine, Wis., a few nights ago. There were no passengers on board. The officers and crew escaped in a small boat, and rowed back to Chicago. Gen. Gibbon telegraphs from Deer Lodge, Mont., that the wounded of his command had arrived there, and were doing well. Gen. Howard was in pursuit of the Indians, who were unable to travel fast on account of their wounded, and, to use his language, “the next time they are struck they will be ruined." li of. Watson, df the Michigan University, has discovered another new planet, which he classes as a star of the tenth magnitude. The Murphy temperance movement has spread to Colorado. Three pf the most notorious and successful

The Democratic sentinel.

JAS. W. MoEWEN, Editor.

VOLUME 1.

forgers in the United States—Nelson A. Gesner, Ely B. Weston and E. J. Henderson, alias Stevens—have been arrested, the first two at. Chicago and the latter at Grand Haven, Mich. The trio always operated together,, and it is estimated that they have robbed the banks of the country out of millions of dollars. Gesner. was formerly a member of the Minnesota Legislature. A town called Gayville, two miles from Deadwood, Dakota, was recently destroyed by fire. Loss, $75,000. The will of the late Chauncey Rose, of Terre Haute, Ind., gives the bulk of decedent’s property and SIOO,OOO to the Rose Polytechnic Institute. He leaves an additional $150,000 to the endowment of the Vigo Homo, and $75,000 to the founding of a free medical dispensary at that place: also various sums and parcels of real estate to relatives and friends. fSontll A band of fifteen Mexican greasers recently crossed into Texas, entered Rio Grande City, broke open the Jftil, shot Judge Cox and the jailer, and released two notorious outlaws. Tire civil authorities called upon the military for assistance, and Col. Price with 100 regulars and two Gatling guns started in pursuit of the Mexicans, but failed to overtake them. They recrossed the river and' entered Mexico seventy?seven miles below Rio Grande City.

WASHINGTON NOTES. There was a cowhiding affair in Washington the other day. Joseph R. Wheatley, of Harrodsburg, Ky., wielded the rawhide, and William J. Murtagh, proprietor of the National Republican, was the victim. At a Cabinet meeting, held just before the President’s departure for Vermont, it was resolved to insist upon the most ample reparation and satisfaction for the Mexican outrage at Rio Grande City, Texas. The extradition of the scoundrels concerned in it will be exacted, and no recognition will be given Diaz unless these demands arc promptly complied with. The President is said to be contemplating a change in the Indian policy. The details have not been fully considered, but it is probable that sopie of the features of the Canadian system will be adopted. The Canadian plan is almost exactly opposite to our own, the Indians being treated as subjects to the Dominion Government, and not as members of an independent nationality. They are made amenable to the law for all offenses, and are protected in all their rights under the law. There is a system of Indian magistracy and a mounted police.

A Washington correspondent telegraphs that “it is expected that the vacancy upon the Supremo Court bench will be filled in October. There are nine the South. Some of the officials about the Supreme Court who have observed the matter closely say that, if the candidate is nominated outside of the judicial district in which Judge Davis lived, the Senate would not be likely to confirm him.” The great telescope in the hands of Prof. Hall, at the Washington Observatory, has just signalized itself by one of the most surprising discoveries in modern astronomy—nothing less, in fact, than one, and probably two, satellites to the planet Mars. The distance of the first satellite, which is described as a faint object of the thirteenth or fourteenth magnitude, is between 14,000 or 15,000 miles, which is less than that of any known planet. The inner one, as to the existence of which the astronomers are not yet absolutely certain, is still closer. The diameter is very small, probably not more than 5,900 miles.

POLITICAL POINTS. ' The Maine Democrats met in State Convention, at Portland, on the 14th inst., and were called to order by Hhn. E. F. Pillsbury. William L. Putnam, of Portland, was made Chairman. On the third ballot\Josoph H. Williams, of Augusta, was nominated for Governor. Resolutions were reported and adopted reaffirming the platform and principles of the St. Louis Convention, characterizing as monstrous the political fraud reversing the election of Samuel J. Tilden as President, and asking an amendment to the Constitution which will make a repetition impossible, and finally declaring “ that the restoration to the common rights of citizenship of the people of three Soul horn States long kept subject to military occupation is a just acknowledgment of the wisdom of Democratic principles ; that the’Democratic party acts upon principle, makes no factious opposition, and opposes only what is wrong in the administration in possession of the Government.” At a State Convention of the Greenback party of New Jersey, held, at Trenton, Aug. 14, Thomas D. Hoxey was nominated for Governor. The resolutions denounce the demonetization of silver demand the repeal of the law, call for the immediate repeal of the Resumption act, attributing to it the contraction of the currency and the general distress of the country, and warn workingmen that it is part of a conspiracy of the money power to pauperize and then disfranchise labor. All parties who desire relief from the present burdens are invited to join. The West Virginians did settle that capital question after all, but there was evidently a mistake somewhere. They meant to vote to keep the question open, but miscalculated to the extent of a few votes, and Charleston was chosen the seat of government. This disposes of an interesting element in West Virginia politics.

Calls have been issued for national and State political conventions and conferences as follows : Wednesday, Aug. 29, lowa Democratic, in Marshalltown; Wednesday, Sept. 5, Pennsylvania Republican, in Harrisburg; Tuesday, Sept 11, Wisconsin Republican, in Madison; Wednesday, Sept. 12, Massachusetts Prohibitionist, in Worcester, and Pennsylvania Prohibitionist, in Harrisburg ; Thursday, Sept. 13, Massachusetts Democratic, in Worcester; Wednesday, Sept. 19, Massachusetts Republican, in Worcester; Thursday, Sept. 20, Maryland Republican, in Baltimore; Wednesday, Sept. 26, National Convention of Representative Colored Men, in Washington, apd National Conference of Prohibitionists at Perry Street M. E. Church, Now York city. The State Committee of the Independent pafty,».of New York, has issued a call for a State Convention. It asks for the immediate consideration of the platform and resolutions adopted by the National Convention at Indianapolis, May 11, 1876, denounces the Resumption act and asks for its repeal, and denounces the issue of 4X Per cent, bonds as a barefaced robbery of the people out of $18,000,000. Laws to sustain labor are called for, and to control railroad and other moneyed mono polies. Judge West, Republican candidate for Governor, opened the Ohio campaign in a speech at Bellefontaine last week. He discussed the relations between capital and labor, held that their interests were identical if properly and intelligently considered, advocated a system of graded compensation and semi-co-operation and the establishment of a National Bureau of Industry. On the question of finance, he was in favor of the remonetization of silver, and opposed to the further issue of legal-tender notes. He was in favor of a “ con-

RENSSELAER, JASPER COUNTY, INDIANA, FRIDAY, AUGUST 24,1877.

tinuous and steady progress to specie payment,” but a return to coin payments through contraction be declared to be simply suicidal. While refraining from indorsing the President’s Southern policy, he believed in giving it a fair and honest trial. 1 i\ 5

MISCELLANEOUS GLEANINGS. The fifteenth annual Session of the Supreme Lodge of Knights of Pythias of the World has just been held at Cleveland, Ohio. About 5,000 knights were in attendance, and, what with receptions, parades, excursions, prize drills, banquets, etc., they had what the Hon. Bardwell Slote would call “an h. o. t.—a high old time. ’ Recent deaths: Chauncey Bose, the richest man in Terre Haute, Ind,, aged 83; Mrs. Nancy Chapman Russell, wife of President Bussell, of Berea Cottage, Jacksonville, HL; John J. Lyons, a leading Jewish rabbi of Now York. The syndicate business is not flourishing just now. The large home subscriptions for the 4 per cent, loan seem to have glutted the market, and the bonds are offered in New York at a fraction below their cost to the syndicate. The surplus of bonds will be absorbed by permanent investors before long, and then prob-; ably the work of tho sj ndicatc will bo successfully resumed. A dispatch from Fort Clark, Texas, says Mexican cattle-thieves had driven 150 head of cattle across tho Rio Grande near that point. Mexican troops were concentrating at Camargo, with the intention, it was believed, of resisting a crossing by the Federal troops if attempted. The same dispatch reports a battle in Mexico between the Lipan and Kickapoo tribes of Indians, in which seventeen Lipans were slain. The Mexican General commanding on the Texas border has written Gen. Ord, expressing regret for the recent attack on the jail at Rio Grande City, and promising to arrest and punish the raiders, if found in Mexico. Gen. Terry, of the United States army, and Gen. John McNeill, of St. Louis, have been constituted a commission to arrange a treaty with Bitting Bull. The Dominion Government will not, as was stated, send a Commissioner to the Northwest to take part in the negotiations, but will simply have an officer of the mounted police present to watch the proceedings. Red Cloud, Spotted Tail, and other Indian Chiefs, twenty-five in all, are on the way to Washington, to have a medicine talk with the Great Father.

FRESH PARAGRAPHS.

Capt. Crapo’s wife writes that they would not undertake to cross the Atlantic again in a cockle-shell for considerable. She fainted twice during the voyage, slept in a wet bed for seven weeks, and had aches in every bone of her body. A St. Petersburg letter in the New York World says that since the first battle of Plevna Russia has been in a turmoil of enthusiasm, indignation, hatred and political passions. The people seem united in demanding more vigor in the conduct of the war, and with this intensewarfeeling goes indignation against England. The Eastern question is temporarily lost sight of in England in the general alarm over the American potato-bug. The Privy Council has taken up the bug, and is considering him solemnly and. seriously. Each American pilgrim will be searched for bugs at the customhouse hereafter, and if they are found on his person both the man and the bug will be confiscated.

Indiana and other Western States, heretofore noted for the facilities they furnished in obtaining divorces, may now yield the palm to the District of Columbia, wltich has acquired a peculiar fame for dissolving the marriage tie. One of the Judges is kept constantly busy in this branch of business, and the reports of his decrees fill no small space in the daily papers at the capital. In the absence of exciting news as to battles and important army movements, we are receiving elaborate accounts of horrible atrocities perpetrated by the hostile armies in Bulgaria and Rouniclia. Each party is endeavoring to prejudice the civilized world against the other, and the accounts arc undoubtedly exaggerated. If half that is said is true, all civilized nations should promptly cooperate and interfere in the name of humanity.

Several newspaper paragraphs have been published stating that all the public lands available for cultivation have passed out of the Government’s control by pre-emption, subsidies, etc. Another estimate alleges that not more than onefourth of the surveyed lands have been disposed of, and that there are still 1,132,665,214 acres of public lands in the States and Territories over which the surveyor has not run his chains or “blazed” the corner trees. Sitting Bull stands upon his dignity. A letter from Fort Ellis, Montana, reports that Gen. Miles’ attempted mission to him failed because the chief refused to see any one who did not come with full powers to negotiate a treaty. The old savage gives himself the airs of a sovereign. If the President has anything to communicate he must send a Minister Plenipotentiary. Sitting Bull is not to be coaxed out from under the tail of the British lion without preliminary diplomatic guarantees. The death of the late Lewis Brooks, of Rochester, N. Y., who had amassed a large fortune in the manufacture of woolen cloths, has revealed a public benefactor. He business forty years ago, and has since attended chiefly to his private concerns, and had so disappeared from public view that his name was comparatively unknown even in Rochester. Since his death, however, it has been discovered that he had given SIO,OOO to the Rochester City Hospital, SIO,OOO to the St. Mary’s Hospital, $5,000 each to the Industrial School and Female Charitable Society, and, most munificent of all, $120,000 to the Virginia University, and in neither case was the giver known. Numerous other gifts are now known to have come from the same generous hand. He seems to have sought his opportunities for doing good from the pure love of charity and with an aversion to public notoriety, and contributed them in such a manner that they could not be diverted from their proper purpose. In his case the Shakspearean maxim is reversed. The good that he has done lives after him and is his noblest monument. A countryman of plain appearance entered a Macon (Ga.) banking-house, the other day, and made a deposit of $3,000. One of the officers asked him “what he intended to do with so much money?” “Oh,” he replied, “I am doing this for my wife, and am determined to keep on working and adding to the amount until, when I die, she will be a real marriageable widow.” How rare is such public spirit!

“A Firm Adherence to Correct Principles.”

THE FINANCES.

Speech of Hon. E. P. Allis, Greenback Nominee for Governor of Wisconsin. The Currency Problem Discussed by a Practical Business Mari. •• . . Hon. Edward P. Allis, the nominee of the Greenback party so Governor of "Wisconsin, recently delivered an address to a large audience at the Academy of Music, in Milwaukee, the following report of which we find iu the Sentinel of that city: The speaker acknowledged that it gave him a sensation such as he had never before experienced to publicly appear before a Milwaukee audience after walking quietly among the people of the Cream City from the time his heart was young and buoyant until his hair had grown gray and thin. Though he claimed to have neither the ability nor the ambition of a phblic speaker, he desired so to conduct himself as to reflect credit on his friends as well as upon himself. The course of events had brought him prominently before tho people as a candidate for tho highest office in the State, a poembarrassing as unsought, and, high as lie esteemed the honor, lie had accepted with much misgiving the seeming duty. The cause for which he appeared, though made the target, for ridicule, was to him a surpassing, important and holy one. Not only America, but the entire civilized world, said the speaker, is suffering from a want of knowledge of the true function of debt, its relation to labor, progress and civilization. It is left to the American to work out the problem, and that a free people’s government cannot long exist except in accord with that true relation of debt to progress. It was, therefore, not simply a question of temporary policy, but a question as broad as humanity, and it seemed to the speaker as one of the marked events in the history of the world. The war waged to strike the galling fetters of iron from Hie black man had, as its concomitant, the teaching how the depressing fetters of gold should be stricken from the white man.

Money of some kind he declared to be an absolute essential to progress and civilization, since without it the race could not advance. Progress is only accomplished by gain, and that gain, to any extent, obtained through association and exchange. The exchange must have an appropriate medium, and this medium is money. The cause of civilization and progress centered in love of gain, and the sentiment is universal in the human heart. To-day, as in tho past, all are striving for gain, and failure to accomplish gain proved retrogression of the race. The speaker said : It is not gold, but gain, we are striving for ; gain in wealth—gain in power—gain in honor — gain in influence—gain in purity—gain in reverence—gain in position —gain in culture—gain in knowledge—gain in pleasure ; it is for gain in something that our hearts all go out, and just as that love for gain extends to higher, holier things, just so is the race elevated and ennoble J. Gain in material thus emanates from association and labor, and the dissemination of gain is exchange, and the means of exchange is money. In early ages, when mankind were rude, and governments were weak and crude, their money partook of the character of the time and people, and was of a low order, beginning with sticks and stones, and shells and skins. The value of the money was sometimes intrinsic, and sometimes a matter of simple public esteem. For instance, a shell rare in Africa, but of no value, was used as money. The same shell was plenty in India, and of no esteem. This fact was taken advantage of by more civilized nations, and the shell was taken in ship-loads from India, where valueless, to Africa, where esteemed, and exchanged for their valuable commodities.

From very early timen silver and gold have been used as money, and were admirably adapted for the purpose and the time. To their discovery and use, as money, we can scarcely attach too high an importance. As the race had outgrown the ruder symbols of the earlier time, and had not reached a high degree of government or of public or private faith, gold and silver came, and, by their benign influence, humanity took a giant’s leap. But the precious metals, that w'ere once an advance, and sufficient for the time, have long been outgrown and outstripped in volume, and the ability of mankind to labor and accomplish gain by association has over-reached their ability to exchange. The loanable capital of Great Britain alone is greater than all the gold in the universe, and yet that loanable capital is all claimed to be gold, as is also tho loanable capital of other nations of the earth. The public debts of the principal civilized nations of the earth, all payable in gold, are live times over all the gold in the world. The business transactions of the world fairly put the volume of gold to shame, the annual clearings of the London bank, alone being five times, and those of New York four times, all the gold in the known world. One of these fictitious means of increasing the volume of the precious metals, in our country, was the so-called “ specie-paying banks.

A bank was permitted to issue five dollars, or more in paper for every one dollar in coin jt possessed, promising to redeem it all in coin, on demands In this Way the volume of coin, for practical purposes, was largely multiplied,and such banks were great aids to business and progress; in their days and while they prospered. A notable and successful instance of this multiplying the volume of coin for practical purposes occurred in our city. Alexander Mitchell established here an insurance company, -with permission to issue bills ad libitum. The Northwest was new and without money, and its progress was slow and painful. Mr. Mitchell was a man of known ability, and unblemished integrity, andjour people eagerly sought to use his money which he freely dispensed, and this for years was our principal medium of exchange. The use of this money added largely to the early prosperity of the Northwest; and for this benefit we should ever hold Mr. Mitchell in grateful remembrance. This system of multiplying the volume of these precious metals, however, contained within itself the seeds of its own dissolution, in its promise to pay on demand, five times, or over, more coin than it had. These banks might have other things just as good as coin, but the promise was coin, and it is evident that their ability to redeem the promise only lasted while they were not called upon to do so. Had these banks promised to pay in something which they esteemed just as good as coin, and been honestly and well managed, they would have been built upon truth and might have stood; but they were built upon fiction, and no subterfuge or fraud can ever be a proper basis to rest public or private welfare upon. A notable instance of this system of banking, at this moment existing, and a great power in lhe world, is the Bank of England. This fiction—this subterfuge—is beneath the spirit of the age —behind the present advance of civilization. The truth should be acknowledged and openly conformed to, and if the volume of the precious metals is not sufficient fOr the Use of the world as money, its substitute or supplement should be placed on its own foundation. This fiction—this subterfuge, I maintain, has been the cause of the ordinary commercial panics and convulsion that have from time to time swept over the commercial world like the besom of destruction, and these commercial simoons will continue to strew the world with business wrecks just as long as.. this subterfuge is resorted to. Wherever people have attempted to supplement the volume of gold it has been by means of a debt, and they have called the debt gold, and the enduring quality of the substitute depended upon the character of the debt. This question of debt is one of deep interest and import, and is closely intwined with the hu man family. Commencing with individual obligation of the slightest form, it has been ever present and ever increasing, and is to-day the largest and most important structure on earth. We hear it said, the present trouble is caused bv debt. Why did you get in debt? Pay your debts, etc. Our debts can only be paid in barbarism. Debt! it is debt everywhere. Debt above us—debt around us—debt beneath us. Our progress is a debt to the past and our civilization a debt to the future. The millions piled up in your insurance company is only a debt The quarterly reports of

every bank are all made up of debt. The inventory of your every merchant is largely grade np of debt. The savings of this great people, for the last century, piled up by millions in savings banks, are all debts. The rich man counts his thousands in debts, and the poor man receives his day’s wages in debt. The widow drops her mite m a debt, and robbers burst vaults and carry off hundreds of thousands in debts. What is our beautiful Plankinton House but a debt to the railroads, the merchants and manufacturers of our city. What iff dur magnificent system of railroads, itself, but a debt to the farm, the shop, the brain and sinews of the people ? The highest form of physical debt, and consequently of value, now known, is that of a nation to its own people. An individual, or corporation may be unwilliyg to pay a debt to his neighbor, or his creditor—a State may fail to pay its debt to a foreign State, and the foreign State must be the loser—but a nation’s debt to its own people cannot fail. The people' have had the Value of the debt, and they cannot be deprived, of'it, and the only question is, the just distribution of its benefits and burdens, which Is purely a question of n<etAod, not of value. A national debt to its own people, therefore, is the refinement of debt—the very bright of value, it cannot be lost. Wherefore are the Turks ridiculed, day by day, for the money they use? It is theirs; and nil they have. It is their wealth and . honor pledged to each other. Because they have no gold, unist they, therefore, desert their country ? Must they measure their love of native land'by a foreigner’s love for gold? So were our greenbacks reviled by doubtful patriots when with us it was either greenbacks or national dot>L The Bank of England, to-day, holds a debt against the British nation for the excess of its bills over' the coin which it has, and the only weakness of those bills to the British people is that they have a guardian in the Bank of England who promises what he has not got, and charges for it. The national banks of our own time and country hold the debt of our nation for the bills they issue, and their only weakness is that they promise greenbacks, which they have not got, and charge us for it. If the nation’s debt which is owned by the national banks, & well as the rest of it. bore an interest not as high as the average increase of national wealth, and was interconvertible at will with greenbacks, and if it was greenbacks the banks issued and received, and greenbacks only, then would those banks be founded upon just, equitable, safe principles, and be as legitimate and as great aids to advance as is your business or mine; and I believe that until that is done, or something equivalent, there will never again be true and permanent prosperity in our land, either to banking or any other business.

The old specie-paying banks, the Bank of England, aua our present national banks, having the feature of compulsory demand payment in something they have not got, though they may have something just as good, are frauds to that extent, and so long as this feature exists they will be fruitful sources of the commercial disasters that have marked the road since the race passed beyond the power of the precious metals to supply its want of money. It is this feature of compulsory payment, on demand, in gold, which we have not got, and cannot get, that is now sought to be restored, and perpetuated, in the specie-redemption act, whicb is to go into effectonthe Ist Of January, 1879, or which, I should rather say, is still in force ; for it can never go into effect except upon a bankruptnationandapeople rapidly traveling backward in the scale of civilization and progress. I . How pnerilOis the attempt, and how wicked is the result, needs only to be looked at in a business manner to be plainly evident. We have produced in our country, since the discovery of gold, ih round numbers, fifteen hundred mjllions of dollars, and, gentlemen, where is it ? There is not enough left of it to be worthy of national consideration. We have spent it all in foreign lands. But the spending of this vast sum abroad, the entire labor of a generation in that direction, is not half the story. We are indebted to Europe, in a national, corporate and individual capacity, to an amount variously estimated at from fifteen hundred to four thousand millions more—that is, we have spent all the gold the last generation has produced, and all that the coming one or two generations could produce, if they were free from debt, but, as it requires all we can raise annually to pay the interest on our gigantic foreign debt, as all tho European nations are fighting to keep what they have, you can easily calculate what chance we have to keep, or get, any of it for currency purposes. But plain as would seem to be the deduction from the above state of things, we are not compelled to rest on theory. As the time rolls on toward that evil day, the state of the country rushes along with equal speed toward ruin. After these many years of constant decline we were, on the Ist of January last, assured that now we were only removed a few cents from resumption and that the change was at band, and that we were about to emerge upon a new era of prosperity. Each day since has seen us plunged deeper into the pit; and, during the bix months to July 1, it is safe to say that the loss to the country, in the additional shrinkage of values, and in the loss from labor, has equaled the entire national debt. We can also safely affirm that during the present sit months the downward progress, unless assisted by the repeal of existing laws, will be equally rapid, and that the Ist of January, 1878, will jind us that much nearer universal ruin. It is true, we have in the Northwest the aid of a bounteous harvest, but it* effect will be local and trifling, and can no more stay the dread progress than a rush of the torrent of the Nile. Not only is labor a sufferer beyond computation, but capital itself, which is, and should be, the great aid and abettor of labor, is, apparently unkhown, itself fearfully endangered by this suicidal policy. The national banks themselves, in a circular letter asking a remission of a tax, used this language : “The percentage of taxation, in some sections of the country, including the State taxes and the national taxes, amounts to nearly or quite the whole earning power of the capital employed. If this is to be continued, it amounts, by confiscating its earning power, to a virtual confiscation of the capital.” This is the language of the banks themselves, but they do not, or will not, see that they are advocating the very cause that brings this state or things upon themselves, as well as upon the rest of us.

We have for years been paying onerous taxes; not from the current profits of the people, which can only safely pay them, but from our working principal, till that is nearly gone. With the continuance of this policy it cannot be two years before the Government itself will be unable to collect from an idle ana impoverished people the means to pay even its running expenses, and the disgrace of national bankruptcy will be added to the ready wide-spread individual ruin by which we are surrounded. Here the speaker simplified his illustrations of the nature of public debt and his point that the attempt to resume specie payment would end hi national bankruptcy. Mr. Allis closed by rehearsing the claims of his party as follows: We claim that one war has taught us what we have for a hundred years been trying to find, that m -our national debt we have found a sure and staple supplement for the insufficient volume Of the precious metals. We claim that the greenbacks paid out by our Government to its people for their material, their labor, their blood and their lives, was money earned by them, and that it belonged to them, while they could use it to their advantage, and that its forcible retirement was a wrong, as well as a financial mistake. We claim that as the people of this country kept the nation coequal in power and standing with other nations; this money of the peogle, paid for such service, should have been so onored by the Government as to have made its value, however abundant, coequal with the coin used by other nations, and rendered all compulsory redemption or contraction laws unnecessary. We claim that, the wicked contraction of the currency, and the threatened forced redemption in somethingJwe haM& not got, is the cause of the present disturbed state of the country, and that after the loss of thousands of millions we shall find we have attempted an impossibility, and be compelled to slowly and painfully retrace our steps, if, indeed, we can retrace them at all. We claim that since we now have a foreign debt, requiring all the gold we can-produce to pay tiie interest, we be given such volume of honored paper currency as we can use to enable us to profitably employ the labor of the country, that we may ultimately hope to pay the debt and escape national disgrace. We claim that the subterfuge or fraud of demanding conversion into something we have not got has been the cause of the periodical financial convulsions and panics that have swept over our land, and the world, like the besom of destruction, and that it shall no longer be tolerated.

We claim that, since the two metals, gold and silver, were so materially insufficient iu volume for the use of the people as money, the demonetizing of silver, thus reducing the scant supply one-half, was an Unparalleled blow at the already dedining prosperity <rf the people. We claim that money, as money, is not wealth and cannotlre, but is simply the medium of exchange, the tool by which wealth is acquired to the nation, and as' fmeh tool is a national prerogative, and whether metallic or paper should be issued directly by the Government, and its vqlume be elastic and regulated entirely by the lairirand demands of trade. We claim that, as checks and bills of exchange which can be used by the larger dealers to in a measure supplement other methods of exchange, are out of the reach of of the people, to be deprived of ‘ tho greenback, which is the method of exchange -of the laborer and smaller dealers, is an undue and disproportionate hardship to them, and consequent injury to the general good. We d aim, finally, that if a nation has adVAtice need of the material And services of its people; or, rather, if tho future of au nation has need of the services of the present-, that the satisfying such need is the leyitiii/ate function and property of all the people, and that the fulfillment of such need should be exchanged in paper, and that such paper should not be used to borrow money, but that of itself it is money.

TRADE AND INDUSTRY.

The valuation of property in Boston has fallen off $62,000,000 in a year. During the year just closed the United States sold 105,000,000 yards of cotton goods abroad, ten times more than was exported the year before. The Southern cotton-growers are complaining bitterly concerning heavy losses on this season’s crops, occasioned by low rates and unusual expense of cultivation. The New York Herald says: “All the indications are that the fall trade this year will prove the best and largest that has been transacted since 1873, the yeaxpf the last panic.” Foreign papers believe that Europe can take 2,000,000 head of cattle from the United States every year, the limit of cattle-rearing have been reached in many parts of Europe. A glance over New England exchanges exhibits a renewal of manufacturing thrift and energy iu that direction, with the best of prospects for an unusually brisk fall trade. A Frenchman says the annual value of the products of glass manufacture in Europe and America has almost doubled within the past twelve years, and now amounts to not less than 600,000,000 francs.

« The Baltimore and Ohio railroad will hereafter conduct the express business over its own line, the Adams Express Company having withdrawn from the service in consequence of the unwillingness to pay the rates demanded. The net exportation of specie for two years amounts to about $56,000,000, against a production for the two years of $180,000,000 of bullion. This would indicate a considerable stock of gold and silver accumulating in the country. The dry-goods imports of New York for July were $1,800,000 more than for the same month last year. For the year, up to August 1, these imports have reached $47,673,744, being $1,700,000 less than for the same period last year. Persons who write about the business of the Western rivers note with emphasis the gradual decay of steamboating in favor of railroads; yet a powerful effort is being made to revive the water traffic on the Mississippi, from St. Louis down.

In 1820 times were so slow in the best portions of Pennsylvania that real estate was valueless. Grain sold at from 8 to 12 cents per bushel, vegetables brought next to nothing, and a sheep could be bought for 50 cents. And yet the people were not happy. Now, while Great Britain eats American beef in preference to her own, and drinks American beer, our agents who have gone there to sell cutlery, and cottons, and silks, will find themselves quite at home. It is unnecessary to say that they are improving their time to the best advantage. But for the revolutionary character of the people, Mexico would be the paradise of emigrants. Coffee, cotton, sugar, and tobacco grow most luxuriously, while tropical fruits and Northern grains can be produced continuously. Without a market, ease and the utmost comfort could be secured for almost nothing. Those who expected the war in the East to cause an immediately increased demand for American breadstuff's, as well as an advance in their price, have thus far been disappointed. England has certainly imported more wheat and flour since Russia declared war against Turkey than before, but Russia at the same time has increased its exports of these same commodities to England in a wonderful degree. For instance, the returns of the British Board of Trade show that the importations of wheat from Russia into England during the month of June last amounted to $5,140,000, while during the corresponding month of 1876 their value was only $865,000.

Russian Feeling Toward England and the United States.

There is a great deal of bitter feeling among the Russians against England for the part she has taken in the present quarrel. When we tell the people here that we are Americans they are pleased to find that we are not English. The mass of the people in Russia like everything that is American. One cannot help noticing this popular feeling, even during a limited intercourse with them. American goods are favorably received everywhere within the Ozar’s dominions. Over 2,000 American sewing machines are sold annually in Karkoff, a city of about 60,000 inhabitants. Owing to the manner in which England has shown her sympathy for the Turks, it will be almost impossible henceforth to sell English goods or machinery of any kind in Russia. Quite a large trade has been built up in agricultural machinery, but the present war will destroy it. American manufactures will replace the English beyond any doubt, and American merchants should wisely take advantage of the present favorable opportunity to send their goods to the Russian markets. Among the masses the curious impression prevails that an American fleet will yet sail up the Bosphorus and destroy the English and Turkish ironclads. The merchants take a more practical view of the situation in expressing the opinion that the English business houses will not be able to collect their bills in Russia for many years, if at all.— Letter from Ruatiia.

Dobing his visit to Ems in August, 1867, Bismarck told an American gentleman that Prince Gortschakoff was, in his opinion, the greatest statesman of his time, and expressed the belief that history would confirm that judgment. The American hinted that among his own countrymen public opinion inclined to award the first place to Bismarck himself, ter which the Oouht modestly replied; “ No; I am only the pupil. He is the master.”

$1.50 uer Annum.

NUMBER 28.

THE VIEWS OF SENATOR BECK.

Against the Electoral Fraud—Against a Great Regular Army. [From his speech at Maysville, Ky.J The wrongs, the frauds, the usurpations of the Radical rulers have been so often and so successfully exposed that a large majority of the States and people have condemned and repudiated them, and to-day a Democratic President would be presiding over the republic but for the most scandalous and unblushing fraud ever perpetrated in modern history, which was bnly rendered possible by the most shameful cowardice and imbecility on the part of the Democratic leaders. We have again verified the adage that “an army of stags led by the lion is braver than an army of lions led by a stag. ” But our principles are not impaired, nor our positions weakened, either by the frauds of our opponents or the cowardice of our leaders. “Truth is mighty, and public justice certain;” even those who profited by the wrong have been compelled to do homage to the justice of our demands, and remove the iron heel of the Federal soldiers from the necks of the last of the prostrate States of the South. All the leading Republican papers are demanding ap. increase of the Federal army. Taall such ideas the Democratic party are absolutely and unalterably opposed, No evil can be worse than that proposed by tlite Republican press and party; it is an end of liberty regulated by 1 law; it is the boldest and most unblushing demand for a centralized, consolidated Government which has yet been advanced. An army, such as is demanded, under a President like Gen. Grant, would become at once masters of the situation. When it strikes, as it is far more likely to strike than any other organization, the death-knell of liberty will have struck; the Prietorian Guards will name and maintain the Emperor. I know of no instance uuder Radical rule in which Federal soldiers have not been the ready tools of their masters. Gen. Terry destroyed the Legislature of Georgia. Sheridan and De Trobriand crushed out liberty in Louisiana. All

were ready to march on Washington, and eject, if necessary, a Democratic House of Representatives last winter, under the lead of their masters. We have had enough of Federal bayonets regulating State affairs, and will not lay the liberties of the people, their constitutions and rights, at the feet of any dictator. It is the height of impudence for a party that has striven to break down State authority, that has absolutely prohibited in many of the States the arming and equipping of State militia or volunteer military organizations, to pretend that the men of the State are not to be trusted with preserving the peace within their own borders. Do they pretend that the material of which the regular army is composed is more patriotic, more intelligent, more devoted to maintaining the rights and preserving the lives, liberty and property of the people than the citizens of the respective States who may be organized on the call of their Governors for that purpose? They read history strangely if they arrive at such conclusions. The Democratic party stands by the constitution and all its provisions, and will provide means to enforce them, without the danger of a great standing army. The framers of that instrument were wise enough and far-seeing enough to provide for all such contingencies as have recently arisen. The neglect of and contempt for its provisions, under the consolidating process of the Radicals, has caused the disgraceful scenes we have just passed through.

Article 2 of the amendment to the constitution adopted by the First Congress provides: A well-regulated militia being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear arms shall not bo infringed. Mr. Jefferson, in his first inaugural address, among other invaluable principles which he laid down for the guidance of the people, said: A well-regulated militia is our best reliance in time of peace, and for the lirst moments of war, till regulars may relieve them. Warned by the lessons of the past, and recognizing the wisdom of the fathers, the Democratic party will do all that is necessary to organize and maintain in each State a “well-regulated militia,” with officers in all regards equal to those in the regular army, who will recognize their obligations as citizens even when acting as soldiers, and with men far superior to the mass of the Federal soldiery—a militia that will have the respect of the people, and which will enable the State authorities to suppress promptly all sorts of lawlessness. We make no war on the regular army, as such. We resist the uses to which it has been put, and we will abolish it altogether rather than see them repeated. The ballot-box must be kept sacred from the bayonets; State and Federal Legislatures and courts must not be broken up by Federal soldiers, no matter who orders these things to be done ; but we will maintain such a standing army as will protect our frontier, guard all the Federal property, and do all that the individual States cannot and ought not to do. That done, a militia organized, equipped and paid by the State, composed of such material as each State has in abundance, will not only never strike except for liberty and law, but will be both able and willing to suppress all who oppose or seek to overthrow either.

Decadeuce of the Republican Party.

It is not only decaying, it is dying. A little more than a quarter of a century ago the great Whig orator of New England stood in Faneuil Hall, just as he and his party were on the verge of dissolution—for they died together—pleading with the Whigs of Massachusetts for the continuance of the Whig organization. The idol of New England said: “If the Whig party is disbanded, what will become of me?” The question which Daniel Webster asked, with the grave just ahead of him, is the question which some Republicau statesmen in 1877 are asking, and about it lies the secret of the opposition to the Southern policy of Mr. Hayes. The Blaines and the Mortons are among the men who are not too blind to see that the surrender of the two Southern States of South Carolina and Louisiana was the final capitulation of the Republican party. By that slender tenure alone did it hold its power. On that brittle thread hung its life. The last Southern State gone, and they well knew that the Republican party was gone forever. The sagacious Republicans whose public life or whose political convictions have been wrapped up in, or circumscribed by, the life of the Republican party, are naturally unwilling to let the party die without another struggle. The Blaines and the Mortons are each inquiring: “ What will become of me?”

On the 27th of July Senator Morton, ip Oregon, recited his bloody-shirt speech. It was the same speech, but it was pot

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delivered with that zest that has characterized it for the -last ten years. He plaintively prefaced it by. saying that “we are now at a period of retrogression.” He gazed sadly on, the last remaining hope of the Republican pasty, surrendered by Hayes to the Democracy, and wailed: “We are now at a period of retrogression.” With automatic rhetoric, however, or as a reminiscence of the past, or because it has become as a sweet morsel undSr his tongue, he repeated his account of the purposes of the Democratic party. It is : 1. To pay all the rebel claims for losses during the war. 2. To pension all the rebel soldiers and their widows and orphans. 3. To pay their late owners, or their heirs, for tiieToss of all the slaves. 4. To pay tho rAbel war debt. Two weeks after Morton was thus painfully and pathetically talking about a' “period of retregressiop” on the plains of Oregon, Blaine was talking for peace on the banks of the Kennelrec, old Ben Wad 6 was growling on the shore of Lake Erie: “I suppose we must have harmony,” and a band of recalcitrant Republicans were issuing a manifesto from our State capital denouncing the abandonment of the Republican party to the enemy, and five days after Morton’s swan’s song the Republican party in Ohio had fled for salvation to a “ Bureau of Industry. ” The dissolution of the Republican party, however, is not to be hud at the door of Mr. Hayes. It was the inevitable fate of a party whose mission was ended, of an ephemeral organization that had no wholesome ideas to feed on. It was not the Southern policy of Mr. Hayes that practically brought the Republican party to an end. The work has been in progress for years. That party has been subsisting on the negro. It has been living on the war. The war and the negro could not always last. They have sustained the party twelve years. Nothing less than a miracle like that which multiplied the loaves and fishes could enable it to feed on them longer. The passions of war for a time could sweep everything before them; but all wars must end. The fate of the negro, “ tho romance of our history,” could enlist millions of hearts, but the law has done all it can for the negro, and the Republican party is become either his master or* in effect, his enemy. Its usefulness is ended, but its destruction was not accomplished by the surrender of two States to the Democratic party to which they belong. It was a longer process. “ The slow poison of corruption,” of which Stanley Matthews told us four years ago, while presiding over the Cincinnati Convention, had been doing its work. The party in its origin had but one purpose’ and for the accomplishment of that and during the first five bloody years of its career it gathered unto itself men of all beliefs, so that they agreed upon the one question. The question dead and buried, it was natural that the organization without an errand should gradually or suddenly disintegrate. It has been by superhuman exertions, by the employment of almost omnipotent agencies, by falsehood and money and the bayonet, by the use of colossal patronage, by playing with devilish skill upon the passions and prejudices of men, that the Republican party has been kept alive so long. It dies hard. Drowning, it has grasped straws, and somehow has magnified them into planks, and kept itself above water. We need only mention the common-school system, which no party opposes; the “rebel debt,” which does not exist; the “ rebel claims,” which are forbidden to be paid by the constitution; the payment for slaves, of whjch none but Republicans speak, to illustrate our meaning. Now, the paity in Ohio has grasped at a “Bureau of Industry” in the hope* of prolonging its life, and gin vain. State after State Has been" slipping away from it. Its popular majority of three-quarters of a million has beep changed in four years to an opposite majority of a quarter of a million. It &fts ; lost one branch of Congress and almost lost the other. It is entirely disbanded in several Southern States aeud helpless in all. It is a mass of wranglers in the North. The leaders are quarreling ami the followers are disaffected. Its President occupies his seat without a valid title, and is in the hands of strong men who fought the Republican party bitterly four years ago, <>and who can have little love for it now. Its administration,, under instructions from these gentlemen, has entered a plea of guilty to one grave count in the indictmdfit against if by adopting the Democratic policy. Its abuses of power have, exasperated the people whom they haVe oppressed. It is not strange, under the circumstances, that Morton should send from the Pacific slope the lament, “We, are now at a Eeriod of retrogression,” or that Blaine, y the Kennebec waters, should grimly talk of the need of “peace.” The end is at hand.— Cincinnati Enquirer.

The Battle of Bennington.

There was a great celebration at Bennington, Vt., on the 16th of August, of the centennial of the battle there, which occurred 100 years ago. On the 16th of August, 1777, Gen. Stark, at the head of a body of New Hampshire militia, defeated a detachment of Burgoyne’s army at Bennington. The battle was renewed by a British reinforcement, but this in turn was compelled to retreat. The British lost 200 killed, 600 prisoners, and 1,000 stand of arms. The Americans lost 14 killed and 42 wounded. Gen. Stark, who commanded the Americans, was an impetuous and brave soldier, but inclined to make his own orders and pay little attention to superiors. He had just been censured by Congress for insubordination, when ,the opportunity was afforded him to attack the British at Bennington. Stark swore that the enomy should be whipped that flay, or “Mollie Stark should sleeps a widow,” and by hard fighting and good management he succeeded in routing them as described. Congress immediately passed a vote of thanks to him, apd made him a Brigadier. He distinguished himself during the war in many engagements, and was one of the members of the court that condemned Maj. Andre. He was the last surviving General of the Revolution, except Sumter, having died in 1822.

Kellogg.

Parties bearing the above name will be interested to learn that a work is now in preparation giving the genealogy of the family in this country from the middle of the seventeenth centuiy to the present time. All interested will confer a favor by communicating with the publisher, Rufus B. Kellogg, Green Baj, Wisconsin, who will send, to any, circulars with the outline of information desired. Persons of other names, with Kellogg ancestry, are particularly requested to write,