Daily Greencastle Banner and Times, Greencastle, Putnam County, 1 June 1897 — Page 3

THE DALLY BANNER TIMES, GREENCASTLE, INDIANA.

TALMAGE’S SERMON. ^ bag with holes-last SUNDAY’S SUBJECT. Vron. tho T.xt HauKal 1« »» Follow*: II,. That Earnolh Wa*o», Earm-lli TVacet to Put It Into a ISa<c With Holes*

man put down his wages and then take [ his expenses and spread them out so

they will just equai. he is not wise, get that which would slake his thirst I know working men who are in a per- j for a little while; but in eternity where

have been poor, he could beg or he PAKRYIXlr RI(r RIVER could steal five cents with which to 1 t i 1 1 J 111 ’ 1 '' 11

feet fidget until they get rid of their

last dollar.

The following circumstances

under our observation

is the rum to come from?

While I declared some time ago that

. , . . , A >' ouns nlan there was a point beyond which a man

worked hard to earn his six or seven

h t

!■ j t■r

h

>t y )l

i

s, si V ie U to id. n eol hol

N PERSIA, under the reign of Darius Hystaspes, the people did not prosper. They made money, but did not keep it. They were like people who have a sack in which to put money, not knowing that the sack is torn or

«aten of moths, or in some way made incapable of holding valuables. As last as the coin was put in one end Of the sack it dropped out of the other. It made ro difference how much wages they got, for they lost them •“He that earneth wages, earneth wages to put into a bag with holes. What has become of the billions and billions of dollars in this country paid to the working classes? Some of these moneys have gone for house rent, or the purchase of homesteads, or wardrobe, or family expenses, or the necessities of life, or to provide comforts in old age. What has become of other billions? Wasted in foolish outlay. Wasted at the gaming table. Wasted in intoxicants. Put into a bag

with a hundred holes.

Gather up the money that the working classes have spent for drink dur,ng the last thirty years and 1 will build for every working man a house, and lay out for him a garden, and clothe his sons in broadcloth and his laughters in silk, and place at his front door a prancing span of sorrels or bays, and secure him a policy of life insurance, so that the present home may be well maintained after he is dead. The most persistent, most overpowering enemy of the working classes is intoxicating liquor. It Is the anarchist of the centuries, and has boycotted, and is now boycotting, the body and mind and soul of American labor. It is to it a worse foe than monopoly and worse than associated capital. It annually swindles industry out of a large percentage of its earnings. It holds out its blasting solicitations to the mechanic or operative on his way to work, and at the noon spell, and on his way home at eventide; on Saturday, when the wages are paid, it matches a large part of the money that might come into the family, and •acriflces it among the saloonkeepers. Stand the saloons of this coufttry side by side, and it is carefully estimated that they would reach from New York to Chicago. “Forward, march,’’ says the drink power, "and take possession •f the American nation!” The drink business is pouring its •Itrlolic and damnable liquids down the threats of hundreds of thousands df laborers, and while the ordinary •trikes are ruinous both to employers •nd employes, I proclaim a strike universal against strong drink, which, if kept up. will be the relief of the working Classes a d the salvation of the iratlon. I will undertake to say that there Is not a healthy laborer in the Vnlted States who. within the next ten years, if he will refuse all Intoxicating beverage and be saving, may cot become a capitalist on a small male. Our country in a year spends one billion five hundred million and fifty thousand dollars for drink. Of course the working classes do a great deal of this expenditure. Careful statistics show that the wage-earning classes of Great Britain expend in liquors one hundred million pounds, or five hundred million dollars a year. Sit down and calculate, O working man! how much you have expended In these directions. Add it all up. ^fid up what your neighbors have expended, and realize that instead of an- • werlng the beck of other people you might have been your own capitalist. When you deplete a working man's physical energy you deplete his capital. The stimulated workman gives out before the unstimulated workman. My father said: “I became a temperance man in early life, because I noticed In the harvest field that, though I was physically weaker than other workmen, 1 could hold out longer than they. They took stimulants, I took none.” A brickmaker in England gives bis experience in regard to this matter among men in his employ. He says, after Investigation: "The beer-drinker who made the fewest bricks made six hundred and fifty-nine thousand; and the abstainer who made the fewest bricks seven hundred and forty-six thousand. The difference in behalf of the abstainer over the indulger, eighty-

seven thousand.”

When an army goes out to the battle the soldier who has water or coffee In hi* canteen marches easier and fights better than the soldier who has whisky la his canteen. Drink helps a man to fight when he has only one contestant. and that at the street corner. But when he goes forth to maintain some great battle for God and his country, he wants no drink about him. When the Russians go to war a corporafipnsses along the line and smells the breath of every soldier. If there be in his breath a taint of intoxicating Bquor the man is sent back to the barracks. Why? He cannot endure fatigue All our young men know this. When they are preparing for a regatta, or for a ball club, or for an athletic wrestling, they abstain. Our working people will be wiser after awhile, and the money they fling away on hurtful indulgences they will put Into Co-operative association, and so become capitalists. If the working

hundred dollars yearly. Marriage day came. The bride had inherited five hundred dollars from her grandfather. She spent every dollar of it on the wedding dress. Then they rented two rooms in the third story. Then the young man took extra evening employment. It almost extinguished his eyesight. Why did he add evening employment to the day employment? To get money. Why did he want to get money? To lay up something for a rainy day? No. To get his life insured, so that in case of his death his wife wculd not be a beggar? No. He put the extra evening work to the dav work that he might get a hundred and fifty dollars to get his wife a sealskin coat. The sister of the bride heard of this achievement, and was not to be eclipsed. She was very poor, and she sat up working nearly all the night for a great while until she bought a sealskin coat. 1 have not heard of the result on that street. The street was full of those who are on small incomes, but I suppose the contagion spread, and that everybody had a sealskin coat, and that the people came out and cried, practically, not literally: "Though the heavens fall, we must have a sealskin coat!” I was out west, and a minister of the Gospel told me, in Iowa, that his church and neighborhood had been impoverished by the fact that they put mortgages on their farms In order to send their families to the Philadelphia Centennial. It was not respectable not to go to the Centennial. Between such evils and pauperism there is a very short step. The vast majority of children in your alms houses are there because their parents are drunken, lazy, or recklessly improvident. I have no sympathy for skinflint saving, but I plead for Christian prudence. You say it is impossible now to lay up anything for a rainy day. I know it, but we are at the daybreak of national prosperity. Some people think it is mean to turn the gas low wh«.: they go out of the parlor. They feel embarrassed if the door bell rings before they have the hall lighted. They apologize for the plain meal. If you surprise them at the table. Well, it is mean if it Is only to pile up a miserly hoard. But if It be to educate your children, if it be to give more help to your wife when she does not feel strong, if it be to keep your funeral day from being horrible beyond all endurance, because it is to be the disruption and annihilation of the domestic circle—if it be for that, then it is magnificent. * • * God only knows what the drunkard suffers. Pain files on every nerve, and travels every muscle, and gnaws every bone, and burns with every flame, and stings with every poison, and pulls at him with every torture. What reptiles crawl over his sleeping limbs! What fiends stand by his midnight pillow! What groans tear his ear! What horrors shiver through his soul! Talk of the rack, talk of the Inquisition, talk of the funeral pyre, talk of the crushing Juggernaut—he feels them all at once. Have you ever been in the ward of the hospital where these inebriates are dying, the stench of their wounds driving back the attendants, their voices sounding through the night? The keeper comes up and says, "Hush, now be still! Stop making all this noise!” But it is effectual only for a moment, for as soon as the keep er Is gone they begin again, "O God! O God! Help! Help! Drink! Give me drink! Help! Take them off me! Take them off me! O God!” And then they shriek, and they rave, and they pluck out their hair by handfuls, and blta their nails into the quick, and then they gioan, and they shriek, and they blaspheme, and they ask the keepers to kill them—“Stab me! Smother me! Strangle me! Take the devils off me!” Oh, it is no fancy sketch! That thing is going on now all up and down the land, and I tell you further that this is going to be the death that some of you will die. I know it. I see it com-

ing.

Again, the inebriate suffers through the loss of home. I do not care how much he loves his wife and children, if this passion for strong drink has mastered him. he will do the most outrageous things; and, if he could not get drink in any other way, he would sell his family into eternal bondage. How many homes have been broken up in that way no one but God knows. Oh, Is there anything that will so destroy a man for this life, and damn him for the life that is to come! Do not tell me that a man can be happy when he knows that he is breaking his wife's heart and clothing his children with rags. W’hy. there are on the roads and streets of this land to-day little children barefooted, unwashed, and unkempt—want on every patch of their faded dress and on every wrinkle of their prematurely old countenances who would have been in churches today, and as well clad as you are, but for the fact that rum destroyed their parents and drove them into the grave O, rum, thou foe of God, thou despoiler of homes, thou recruiting officer of the pit, I hate thee! But my subject takes a deeper tone and that is, that the unfortunate of whom I speak suffers from the loss of the soul. The Bible intimates that In the future world, if we are unforgiven here, our bad passions and ap petites unrestrained, will go along with us and make our torment there. So that, I suppose, when an inebriate wakes up in that world, he will feel an Infinite thirst consuming him. Now, down in this world, although he may

c mid not stop, 1 want to tell you that, while a man cannot stop in his own strength, the Lord God by His grace can help him to stop at any time. I was in a room in New York where there were many men who had been reclaimed from drunkenness. I heard their testimony, and for the first time in my life there flashed out a truth I never understood 1 . They said, “We were victims of strong drink. We tried to give it up, but always failed; but somehow since we gave our hearts to Christ, he has taken care of us.” I believe that the time will soon come when the grace of God will show its power not only to save man’s soul, but his body, and reconstruct, purify, elevate and redeem it. I verily believe that, although you feel grappling at the roots of your tongue an almost omnipotent thirst, if you will give your heart to God He will help you by His grace to conquer. Try it. It is your last chance. I have looked off upon the desolation. Sitting next to you in our religious assemblages there are a good many people in awful peril; and. judging from ordinary circumstances, there is not one chance in five thousand that they will get clear of it. There are men in pvory congregation from Sabbath to Sabbath of whom I must make the remark, that if they do not change their course, with n ten years they will, as to their bodies, lie down in drunkards’ graves; and as to their souls, lie down in a drunkard's perdition. I know that is an awful thing to say, but I cannot

help saying it.

Oh, ieware! You have not yet been captured. Beware! Whether the beverage be poured in golden chalice or pewter mug, in the foam at the top, in white letters, let there be spelled out to your soul, "Beware!” When the bookp of judgment are opened, and ten million drunkards come up to get their doom. I want you to bear witness that in the fear of God and in the love for ycur soul, told you, with all affection and wdth all kindness, to beware of that which has already exerted its influence upon your family, blowing out some of its lights—a premonition of the blackness of darkness for ever. Oh, if you could only hear intemperance with drunkards' bones drumming on the head of the liquor cask the Dead March of immortal souls, methinks the very glance of a wine cup would make you shudder, and the color of liquor would make you think of the blood of the soul, and the foam on the top of the cup would remind you of the froth on the maniac's lips; and you would kneel down and pray God that, rather than your children should become captives of this evil habit, you would like to carry them out some bright spring day to the cemetery, and put them away to the last sleep, until at the call of the south wind the flowers would come up all over the grave —sweet prophecies of the resurrection! God has a balm for such a wound; but what flower of comfort ever grew on a drunkard's sepulchre?

BRING THE WATERS WHERE THEY’LL DO MOST GOOD. I.Hrnmle Snrcrusfully Abiloctod— Wonderful IluKOirerliiK !**at Performed I'mlcr Most IMftlcult ClrrumstHiii e* —Men iiretv tlomrsU-k, und Stole Avrnj-..

(Special Letter.) O MAKE a river climb its own watershed and go down a valley that it never intended to traverse would seem, at first thought, to be no easier than to construct a perpetual motion machine.

But in Colorado it

has been done. There, along the great

continental divide, all waters on the ... western slope naturally find their out- 8 « n<11n K ln a constant stream of

ditch without crib work. In surveying the route the ordinary clinometers had to be discarded, and the common surveyor's “loving rod” had to be extended to an instrument thirty feet high. The way was so broken and difficult and the timber in places so dense that it often made there, as it has since on the Grande, a very hard day’s work for two men to chain half a mile. Along some of the line the forest is so dense that no good picture of the works can be obtained by ordinary solar photography, and at places the incline is so steep that the man with a camera can find no place to stand while taking his

view.

The altitude is a great difficulty to be encountered in the prosecution of such a piece of work. A large number of men can not do heavy work at that altitude at all. Any one with heart trouble is barred to begin with. The strongest of the men can not do more than half work at such an elevation. During the two years and more that the work was in progress the company

let Into the Gulf of California, and those on the eastern slope reach the Gulf of Mexico via the South Platte, the Platte, the Missouri, and the Mississippi. But on the western side there is an abundance of water and a scarcity of arable land, while on the eastern side good land is abundant, while the supply of water is insufficient. The latest project is to turn the upper waters of the Grande across the watershed, and along the slopes extending east. The crest of the continental divide rises into peaks 14,000 feet high and descends into passes as low as 10,000 feet. It'thus happens that, while some of the tributaries of the Grande havetheir rise at the elevation of 11,000 feet or more, the Lulu pass on the continental divide is only 10,000 feet above sea level. It Is thus clear that if the river can be tapped at any elevation considerably above the height of the Lulu pass the waters can be led craftily along in sidehlll ditches and ultimately across the divide and down the eastern slope of the range. This is what

men who were as constantly leaving with or without notice. A large number were physically unable to endure the work, but even those who did not get positively sick became homesick. With good w'ages, good board, and short hours of work they would get t« brooding on their situation, to worrying about their famiilies, to fancying sickness when they did not have it, became sleepless, and rather than wait for the end of the season and be hauled down comfortably in the company's wagons they would fold their blankets and kits and silently steal away on the seventy-five mile tramp to civilization. Two devices used for the protection of the canal deserve notice. One is to keep it from slopping over. A little spill on the lower side might speedily wash a gully that would not only empty the canal, but might soon be so much of a canyon that it would give a new engineering problem to get across it.

Where the incline is so nearly perpen- j day the students sat upon hard benches,

EARLY MEDICAL EDUCATION. What Wonder tho Phjatciaus Were Not

Skilled?

In the old days, which many of our still active practitioners well remember, the medical student was registered with a practicing physician, who more or less intelligently directed his reading and sometimes took him on his rounds as a sort of private assistant, giving him fitful glimpses of patients, says the Columbia University Bulletin. He attended rarely three, sometimes two, often only one, course of lectures in a medical school, hearing the same lectures over again each year. The only thing which he ever learned actually to do with his fingers in the medical school was to dissect the dead subject, and here his experience was not usually large. He made careful notes of many “view’s” regarding disease and Its nature, and usually stepped out upon the arena with a general idea that disease was a "thing” which got into the bodies of certain unfortunate people, and which he was to drive out, if he could, with some one or more of his preceptor's prescriptions, which he had carefully copied in small compass ready for emergencies. When he had discovered the proper name to attach to his patient's malady the rest was largely a matter of an alphabetical index of remedies and a calm abiding of the consequences. It should not be imagined that the practitioners of medicine in the old days were necessarily lacking in wide views, practical knowledge and great skill. But when this was the case it was usually owing to a training which they had secured after and not before they became doctors of medicine. The medical college consisted of a group of medical men, who obtained a charter, hired a building, partitioned off among themselves the subjects which were deemed essential—anatomy, physiology and possibly chemistry, materia rnedica, pathology, and the practice of medicine, obstetrics and surgery. Each

dicular no chance of a break must be left. Accordingly an automatic spill-

Telephony In the United State*. The extraordinary growth of the telephone service in America is shown in some figures brought out in the course of a recent inquiry as to the desirability of regulating the rates and supervising the service of telephone companies in Massachusetts. In the United States there are twelve conversations per year on the average to every one of the population, while in Europe there are only two. The United States with a population, according to the census of 1890, of 62,622,250, maintains 325,810 telephone stations, or one to every 192 of the population. The combined population of Europe, according to the census of 1890, is 354,957,776, and they maintain 336,037 telephone stations, or one to every 907 of the population. The conversations over the telephone in the United States amount to 757,000,000 per year; in Europe they amount to 767,109,824. In other words, in the United States the number of telephones used Is more than five times as great, according to the population, as those used in the countries of Europe, and the number of conversations per capita of the population of the United States is six times as great as in Europe. France, with a population of 38,343,192, is using 29,500 telephones, or one to every 1,300 of the population; that is, France, with a population eight times as great as that of the six New England States, is using fewer telephones than the people of New England. Massachusetts, according to the census of 1895, had a population of 2,500,183, and there are 26.315 telephones in use, or one to every 95 of the population. Sweden, where the telephone is more generally used than in any other country in Europe, has but one telephone to every 136 of the population. London has a population of 5,600,000 with 8,000 exchange telephone instruments, or one to every 700 of the population, while Boston, with a population of 496,920, according to the census of 1895, has 9,037 telephones, or one to every fifty-five of the population. t'Aluuilnuin In Yurht-Kij;giiig a During the past year or so aluminum has been used in some cases for making the pulley-blocks for the rigging of yachts. One of the chief advantages is the gain in lightness, which is a very desirable thing in blocks that are used aloft. The results are reported as satisfactory, and the aluminum blocks have proved to be very strong, one for instance, the weight of which was only threa ounces, having stood a strain of sevaa hundred pounds.

SPILLWAY ON THE LARAMIE.

It is proposed to do, the surveys have already been made and the work will probably be undertaken next summer. What it is planned to do with the waters of the Grande has already been done with the waters of the Laramie river, which have been taken across the watershed of the Medicine Bow range and turned into Chambers lake, from which they pass down to the arable lands of the Poudre valley. This enterprise is in the same general district as the one now proposed, and serves as a model. The head waters of that branch of the Laramie which have been diverted come very near having their rise in a glacier. They start in a canyon so deep, so shaded, and located at such an altitude, that the snows of one winter are hardly melted out before those of another come. From the ridges on both sides the winds sweep the snows into this narrow gorge until they lie 200 feet deep or more. Solidified by pressure

way is provided, so that when the w’ater reaches a certain height in the j ditch the rise of the water alone raises ! a water gate and the surplus goes ca- j reening down a channel prepared for It. ! The second device referred to is that 1 whereby a stream crossing the path of the ditch is led harmlessly over it, but j contributes water in so far as such con- J tributlon is needed. The method adopted was to lead the stream over the j ditch. The ditch follows the side of the ravine until it intersects the watetcourse. Then fluming is pushed back j to bed-rock in the stream's course, and it is made to jump the ditch. Right over the ditch is placed a grating of heavy timbers so inclined that rocks and driftwood do not lodge, but are washed over without resistance, while the water flows through the grating into the ditch. This lands the debris far down the mountain side, but saves the precious water, or so much of it as

taking notes for dear life, while the subject matter of these themes was let loose upon them in swift succession, for better or worse, through five long hours. Perhaps there was a clinic in the afternoon, perhaps not. There wero no laboratories for practical work, either of chemistry, physiology or histology, and independent subjects were unknown. A great many lectures, a little dissecting, a few clinics, possibly some quizzes, a final examination, and the

degree of M. D. was won. NAVEL ORANGES.

The Marketiiian’it Explanation wax Ilarcl*

ly a Sat Ufurtory One.

They wanted to know about navel oranges in the store and the inquisitive man asked of the marketman the same question that the little boy asked his mamma, says the l^wiston Journal. In vain the little boy awaited the maternal response, but not so he of the inquisitive mind, for the marketman revolved the quid of thought in his brain; eyed chicken and turkey and juicy sides of beef; lifted an orange and fondled it and said: “I can tell yon all about it. They come this way. “Now. this is singular,” said he. "A man came in here the other day and told me all about navel oranges. His brother is a California orange grower and he is just home from there, asked him and got full information. “It is this way," he continued. “You see they import the seedless navel orange trees from Australia. They don't do well in this country, so they cut down the California orange trees, when young, and engrafted slips of the Australian tree into them and they grow up big and strong and perfect into the juicy, applause-compelling, mouth-watering California navel. “That's how the navel comes.” A silence fell and the inquisitive man said: “Once a nigger asked the deacon about how they made man in the creation and the deacon asked the dominie and the dominie said “Dey was a brack man and er brack woman on de earf long 'fore dey was ever any livin’ movin’ thing, an' de brack man he took de brack woman and put her in de sacred spring and leaned her up agin de fence ter dry an’ de brack woman took er brack man an’ dipped him in the sacred waters an’

she leaned him ”

“‘Hoi’ on,' said the nigger, ‘dis yeah was 'fore de Lord knowed anything about It, er dey was any earf or any-

I thing?’ “ ‘Yes.’

“ 'Well, I asts to know whar dey | git dat fence?’ And I want to know ! where they get the Australian seedless

I navel orange tree.”

and partial thajvlng. the mass of snow j | i h n r i)) Canal ls able t0 carry at a giver

becomes a mass of ice, and the sun has

an all summer's work before him to convert that ice mass Into water. Water from such a source is particularly valuable because it is what they call "late water;" it comes at a time of the year when many of the lowlands streams are dry, and yet when water is still needed to mature the crops. A flow of one cubic foot per second through the entire season is worth not less than $1,000, and as this branch of the Laramie often runs 250 cubic feet per second at the time when water is most in demand, it will be seen that the flow was well worth capturing. To abduct the Laramie at this point re-

When, after more than two years of work, the canal was finished in 1894, it was found to deliver into Chambers lake a constant flow of water of 192

cubic feet per second. The value of I there are few.

this water was so great that the canal paid for itself the first season after its

completion.

Three More.

Charles Goode, a veteran of the Black j Hawk war, died recently at Belmont, Wls. He recently celebrated the 103d anniversary of his birth. Mr. Goode | came from Yorkshire, England. Mrs. William Caynor, of Stafford, Mo., died | a few days ago at the ,age of 100. She was the mother of thirteen children. Her descendants are very numerous, numbering over 400. Miss Maria Benson has celebrated her 100th birthday at Windsor, Conn. She is the daughter of a Revolutionary soldier, of whom

A r«u a ullar Catte.

St. Patrick's Church, Galway, Ireland, a magnificent structure, has not bgen opened for thirty-five years, because a plot of ground in front of the building was owned by a man who had

quired a ditch five miles long, circling a bitter dislike to the form of worship about the two sides of the Medicine } carried on within, and he built a high

Bow range, which it crosses at altitude of 8,500. For three-fifths of the distance the side nill along which the ditch was led was so nearly vertical that the material excavated could not be held to form the lower bank of the

wall directly in front of the church, preventing access. The man, however recently died, and, the bishop having bought the ground, the church will soon be reopened for the first time since 1862.

—Exchange.

Where Salt I* a Luxury.

The greatest luxury In Central Africa is salt. The long-continued use of vegetable food in that country creates so painful a longing for salt, that natives deprived of it for a long period, often show symptoms of insanity.

Five Killed In it Watenpont. A waterspout struck the farmhouse of James Branders, near Montlcella, Tenn., and demolished the house. Branders, hie wife and child and two farm

bunas were killed.

V COSTLY EXPERIMENT. STORY OF THE BATTLE OF AMERMA AGAINST THE GYPSY MOTH. _

It Ha* Cost MaftAachuiiett* On«» Million Dulljii'rt Tim* Far to Pay for the Plunder of a French S<*lentl*t—National fiovernment Interest* Hcing Protected* So fur, says n Boston letter to tha New York Times, Massachusetts has expended over 31,000,000 in attempting to check its ravages on the forests and shade trees, and the danger is byt no means disposed of. It has attracted the attention of the National Government, for in the Agricultural Appro-, priation bill, which passed t Ahi branches of Congress, provision has) been made, which, it is expected, will) result in th«* Government Bureau off Entomology paying special attention and observation to the methods employed in eradicating the Gypsy moth. The labor and money consumed in this, undertaking against the Gypsy moth constitute one of the most puzzling problems the entomologists of this country have ever had to contend with. In l'8fi9 there lived in Medford L. Trouvelot, a naturalist, who had coma to Massachusetts from his native city,, Paris. He was just then deeply interested in silk culture experiments, and had brought from Europe some eggs of the celebrated Gypsy moth. One spring morning M. Trouvelot, while at work in his laboratory, situated in an upper room of his house, was called away for a few moments. A lot of tha moth eggs lay on a tray not far from an open window. A passing breezij blew the eggs out of doors. When Trouvelot returned and found what had happened, he was greatly exercised, and had a painstaking search! of the yard made, but it was fruitless.Knowing well the dangerous character of this Gypsy moth, for its ravages had ruined thousands of acres of European forest, the naturalist at once made a public announcement of the escape. No particular attention was paid to the foreigner’s warnings, as his neighbor* knew next to nothing of “Gypsy! moths,” and regarded the talk as prin-l cipally the exaggerated imaginings ol a nervous Frenchman. Within twelve years from the time) of its introduction the moth had become a serious nuisance to those living near the Trouvelot house, but it was supposed that the caterpillar was a native. Its lack of conspicuous markings, which to the common eye would distinguish it from other species, and its habits of concealment and nightj feeding will explain its unheeded distribution. In twenty years it had spread into thirty townships. Shads trees were being stripped as if by tire, woodland was being destroyed, while brnshland everywhere was covered by myriads of the creeping, crawling worms. The destruction was reaching such a stage that people in Eastern Massachusetts got into almost a state of terror over it, ami finally, in 1890, Governor Brackett, in a message to the Legislature urging that steps he taken in the matter, used these words; “A new enemy is at present threatening the agriculture, not only of our own State, but of the whole country. It is the Gypsy moth, said to attack almost every variety of tree, as well as the farm and garden crops. The pest is spreading with great rapidity, and if its eradication is to be attempted immediate measures are of the utmost importance^” In March, 1890, a special law was passed authorizing the organization of a commission to prosecute the work of destroying the moth, and 325,000 was appropriated to that end. A skilled entomologist and a force of men, acting under the supervision of the State Board of Agriculture, soon began labor, but the territory infested was found to be sixteen times larger than at first supposed, and in June 325,000 more was appropriated. In the actual work of destruction, • comical feature introduced was the appointment of a dozen special policemen, whose duty it was to guard the highways of Medford and Malden, ta see that no guilty moth escaped by attaching himself to a passing vehicle. As a fact, this dignified espionage was valuable, for numerous carriages were peremptorily halted which were covered with the obnoxious caterpillars. These policemen did yeoman service. The Gypsy moth officers for 1891 had for a Chairman the distinguished Professor N. 8. Shalerj of Harvard University, and at an early conference held in Boston C. V. Riley, entomologist of the United States Department of Agriculture, was present. Despite all that was done the previous year it appeared that the moth was spreading so that it threatened to soon overrun the State. The General Assembly set apart 350,000, and from that time to the present it has had to contribute an average of from 3150,000 to 3250,000

annually.

The present commission is headed by Professor C. H. Fernald, a most experienced entomologist, and a corps of experts and assistants who, from long training, know about the best methods of the work. From the almost numberless experiments and investigations that have been made in the last six years something definite as regards the most effectual insecticides—spraying, and other systems of treating infected territory—has been arrived at. As the egg clusters are found on treea for at least eight months of the year, the possibility of destroying great numbers of caterpillars in embryo becomes apparent. To this end acres of brushland are burned over. Eggs are patiently scraped from trees. Then, spraying machines which throw various combinations of gases, oils anti acids are used. Of all sprays, th*l) made of finely ground paris greea seems to be the most effective.

In all Europe there are 6,274 profes■ora In the colleges and universities.

Lots of men might have been greix If they hadn’t been toq fazy.