Decatur Eagle, Volume 9, Number 39, Decatur, Adams County, 15 December 1865 — Page 1

IT II E I) I. CA T I R 11 h I. (C ■ ■ -—— — — —„ , ....... T . _._^x...._ :

VOL. 9.

DECATUR EAGLE, ISSUED EVERY FRIDAY MORNING BY A. J. HILL, PI'RLISIIKR AND PROPRIETOR. OFFICE—On Monroe Street in the second ' »»t«ry of the building, formerly occupied by J«s«e Niblick as a Shoe Store. Terms of Subscription: On® copv one year, in advance, $2 09 If paid within the year. ~ P not paid until the vear has expired. dOO j !LFNo piper will be discontinued until all j a rre are paid, except at the option of the publishers. Terms of Advertising: One Square fthe space of ten lines brevier] three insertions, Each subsequent insertion . 50 lEFNo advertisement will be considered less j than onesquare: over one square will be counted and charged as two; over two. a* three, Arc | IT 4 liberal discount from the above rates on all advertisements inserted for ape fTio'l longer than three months. TTLucal Notices fifteen cents a line for each '■ insertion. Job Printing. We are prepared to do .all k’nds of Plain and Fancy Job Printing at the most reasonable rates Give us a call, we feel confident that satisfaction can be given. S ~z: — l .— . - -tt^L~—: Special Notice. TO tDVERTISERS.— All advertisements ta ken for a specified time, and ordered out before l‘ie-’jcniration of thetirne specified, willbe charged regular rates for the sameup to the time they * re ordered out. I MISCELLAXEOLS. I w »rar- ■ ■ I —— ■■■—- ~ ~ The Tariff—How Can we Build up Western Manufactures. One great interest of the West is that manufactures should be built up within her borders. Manufactures can not be put in operation, to any great extent, without capital. An impor.tiut question lor us, then, is, how shall the West in- 1 crease its capital? And we are prepared to answer this question, at once; Western capital is to he iicreased by saving, keeping at home, the products of her own industry, She will accomplish it in no othei way; and her growth in capital, and as a I consequenee, in manufactures, will be , slow or rapid, just in proportion as she , retains the proceeds of her industry at J home, or suffers herself to be robbed ol I them by eastern capitalists. Os this fact, there can be no doubt. Another proposition is equally clear to us; and that is, j that the IFest can not retain the proceeds o) her industry at home, can nut grow rapidly in capital, while she submits to a protective tariff'. We will illustrate in this way, so that every one may understand it. Other countries stand ready to furni-h us with the articles we wish to buy from abroad, at ten per cent, less, on the average, than we now pay, and take our surplus produce at ten per cent, higher than are now receive. New England, which, to us, is worse than a foreign nation is now having this ,' trade with us, and !»?«? the p;elective tariff to prevent us from dealing with I other nations, and forcing us to give her' our trade upon her own terms, whereby , we are compelled to let her have all our profits. Now, Indiana, we will assume, in the absence of the figures, purchases fifty millions. We understand that several ol our wholesale houses sell to the amount of one million a year. We must be safe, -therefore, in our estimate of fitly millions. Ten per cent, on fifty millions is five millions of dollars. Taking oar export articles, also, at only fifty millions, ten per cent, on that sum is five millions of dol | Jars more. This makes ten millions of dollars. This amount Indiana is robbed of every year by the New England manufacturers. They a>e enabled to do this by means of the tariff, which excludes others who wish to trade with us. Now, I if the tariff was out o! the way, our people would annually save this §10,000,000 a year, which we could invest in manufacturing establishments, and could thus become rich and independent. You ask, could we manufacture against England? We answer, we can; but we cannot manufacture against New England, with the advantage of a protective tariff, because she will°not let us; nor will she permit us <0 accumulate capital by having Che advantage of just prices. While the tariff continues, and other countries are prohibited from trading with us, why, if we, in the West, attempt to start msnulactures, New England, with her overgrown capital, and millions of reserve tunds, as so u as our mills commence operations, will drop prices, pour ip her goods on long credit, glut the market, and about six rnonchs use up our feeble cstablish-

•'Our Country’s Good shall ever ba our Aim—Willing to Praiss and not afraid to Blame.”

DECATUR, ADAMS COUNTY, INDIANA, DECEMBER 15, 18(15.

————————— —r—ments. They stop, afraid of course, to' resume again, against such overgrown 1 corporations, who can thus put upor down prices at pleasure, and make them flue- 1 tuato as the money kings do the price of' ' gold. Young manufacturing establish-: I ments want stable prices, so that they I can make calculations ahead, and rely on I them. But do away with the tariff; let old England, Erance and Germany bej come competitors of NewEngJand; that makes prices stable, prevents the lluctuating operations of New England, and, by I giving us the advantage of high prices for ' our produce, enable us to sustain our home manufactures with capital, and places New England more nearly on an equality, by forcing her to pay us good prices for our produce. That we can sustain ourselves against foreign countries, these considerations show. 1. By free migration of labor the price! of it is becoming more nearly equal in all I countries. If wages are put down low in : | Europe, the laborers will leave and come ; to this country, till a demand will be ere- i ated in Europe, causing wages to rise i there. 2. England has to come here, buy lief 1 raw material, especially cotton, ship it to Europe, and transport it to the factories, I work it uu, transport it to the seaboard, < ship it to this country, pay a small rave- 1 nue duty, and tran-port it out here, a j thousand miles, by rail. She has to pay ' all these expenses, and lie out of her cap \ i ital this while; and, at the same time, j < probably, ship produce from here to feed is her hands while they are working up our* cotton. I While we, now that the war is over, I can bring cotton, in less than a week, from < the field to our lactories, distribute it to ( customers at our doors as fast as manu- i factured, and take the food for our ope- t ratives from the farmers’ at our ( houses. 1 j The West can never manufacture against j New England, till she gets rid »f a prutee i live tariff. —Ind Herald. ~... t How Artificial Teeth are Made. The artificial teeth manufactory ol I Dr. 8. S. White, in Philadelphia, is the ! largest and best appointed in the country. We take pleasure in giving our f readers a detailed account of the visit c lately made by a correspondent of the ( Chicago Tribune:— y And now, if the reader is ready, we will accompany him through the appart ( meat devoted to the manufactures. Be-j* ginning on the ground floor, we find I workmen busy with the crude materials ij The feldspar (found abundantly in the 1 Stale of Delaware), is thrown in large I masses into a furnace, and subj-ctsd to a I , red heat, then plunged into water which renders it brittle and easily broken by the hammer into small pieces, so that til foreign matters, sucit as mica or iion, with which it may be mixed, can be sep- , arated. It is then washed into a coarse powder, and subsequently ground under water in a mill in which heavy blocks of 1 French lurr stone are pushed round on 11 a nether mill stone of the same material 1 until it is an almost impa'pable powder— v so fine that it will remain suspended in 1 water for a long time. The silex is sub- r jteted to the same process. The colors are long and patiently = !,. IS uud in a mortar and pestle machine, 1 | driven as are the mills, by aneight-horse i t power caloric engine. ; The materials are then dried, sieved, [ j and carried to tho mixing room, where 1 they are properly proportioned, and again ground in combination into the . c various mixture desired. At this stage f the body assumes the consistence and ap 1t pearance of putty: the point enameled of t a thick batter, and the outside and gum i enamels of cream, Tne body is now i ready for the molder's room, but we 1 must first see how the molds are made, t They are made of brass, in two or more < [ pieces, one-half the tooth being represen- < ted on either side. Great care is necess- i j ary in the construction of these, some oi I j them costing $75 a pair. On them de- I pends the shape and style of the teeth. I They must be anatomucally correct, and ! mechanically perfect. It is not that nature is introducing new styles of teeth as ,; the milliners their novelties, but coutin- , ual approximation is being made to per- I fectiou in imitating the endless minor> differences in teeth, and in adapting them j ito new methods of adjustment, to the I plates to which they are to be affixed. . 1 In this manufactory from 700 to 80C [ 1 molds are in use, making in all upward I 1 of 10,000 shapes of teeth. Here is a spitefully busy little mas chine to busy with one particular process: ■! to tell us what it is doing, and yet we ! . discover that it is eating wire and spit-1 ting out thsy platina pins at the rate of > a minute. Each comes out 1 s headed like a solid bead brass pin, with • 1 rough indentations in the other end, to t be firmly held in the plastic body of the t tooth until fierce heat make* the indis- - soluble union. The strength and infusi- ■ i■ ■ 1

’bility and inooruptibleness of the platina * makes it the very close companion of mechanical dentistry, leaying the mote ornamental utility to gold. Platina is '■ now eight dollars per ounce. Thu con- ' sumption of this metal in this establishm nt reaches the substantial sum ol I eighty-six thousand, dollars per an- ' num. We come now to the molding room. Here we see the use of those little platina pins, and are told th U there are more than twenty varieties of size adapted to the different sizes of teeth. In each tooth matrix we discover two minute holes which a workman; with rapid tweezers, is fit tog with pins ol the proper thickness and length which are to form the future fastening of the tooth to the plate of gold, silver or rubber. The word is then passed to the next work--1 man, who takes up on a small steel spatula the requesite amount of point enamel and with this forms the cutting edge ol the tooth, and passes the mold to his neighbor, who fills the matoix with body, then closes it. I', is then passed machinery, and deposited in the drying oven Carefully watched, it is taken out at the proper moment and emptied of its contents, which tender and brittle, are laid on clay slides and subsequ'-ndy subjected to the process called biscuiting, which is done by bringing them to a cherry red heat. They are now like, chalk, and can be cut and filled as desired. Tiie principal materials entering into the cuinposi ion of mineral teeth are,' feldspar sik-x, or flint, and kaolin, or ( clay, with various fluxes, so known in j chemestry to be mute familiarly characterized as glasses, used to determine ’ the point of fusion desired ol different) parts of the tooth. The general tone or , lint ol these materials is a white or dusky I yellow, so that coloring formsaprime adjunct in the process. The chief coloring substances are titanium for yellow, platina sponge for gray, blue oxide of cobalt for bright blue I and oxide of gold for red. Tnese with ; others in varying combinations are used to color the body, point and outside en amels and to, form some idea of the immense,varieties of shades or grades of color capable of being produced you have only to be told that there are more tha t forty kinds of colors in the bodies used, and an equal number of point and out-ide en-: amels. Thus starting wit the lightest shade ol body dnown as “A.”youmty, produce forty different grades by using a I different point enamel, and on each of: these a different effect by the use of various outside enamels, so that with a single body of any one color you may pro dues 64,000 varities or gradations of color, and there being thirty-nine other bodies, a smart calculator can determine of how many changes, they are capable. It is not pretended, o' course, that all these shades are produced, but some idea may be formed of the need of variety by the lad that out of myriad trials in the way of combinations, one hundred and thirty standard shades are made duly arranged and classified by numbers, forming a gradual but quite preceptible progression from the most delicate blue white to the dark tobaco stained, and for the p.-pduction of these colors you are not to think of a dyer’s vat, but to remember that their bath is a glowing muffle at incandescent heat. From the biscuiting furnace they are carried to the assortor’s room, where they are arranged in sets, and after this the members of the set keep company through all their varied experience. This work is done by small boys, whose quickness of preception qualify them lot the work, and who become so expert that they know every tooth and the number of the mold from which it came, as well as they know each other. Arranged in rows in tin waiters, the teeth are now forwarded to the trimmers' room, whete the busy fingers of forty tidy and happy looking youug ladies smooth them into readiness for the enataelers’ room. Thio also furnishes employment for fair lingers. The enamels aie laid on with a ' brush, and is a work requiting delicacy ! and care. Having received their coats lof enamel, the teeth, decending again * toward the ground floor, from which they i started, halt in another room to receive i the gum enamel, which, when the tiro * shall have passed its verdict upon them, ‘ will reflect the rosy cheeks ol the artists i who laid it. But, taking up the line of march, they are again halted that other light fingers, the owners of which are called finishiug-trimmers, may remove anv surplus of enamel from tue sides, ' make true, with fine pointed instruments : the arch of the gum, and lay them carefully on beds ol quartz sand in trays ol fire-clay, ready lor the fiery trial through which they are to pacs, and without which they ara unfit for life’s work. ‘ Beyond this no tool can follow tuetn.

. Imperfections heretofore could be repairi ed, but in the future beyond the fire, Che ) tooth is cither perfect or a failure if- : remediable. The furnace is an institution entitled to respect for its intensity. In its center is a muffle of fire-clay, enI tirely surrounded by the glowing fuel, a charge of half a. tun’s weight of coal, itself carefully bricked up before firing, that uo impurities of dust or vapor shall > reach the teeth. Take out the small half oval door of the inutile, and you ' shall see an iunei glow the eye shrinks from registering, an incandescence Chat ! startles you by its fevor. In from fifteen to thirty minutes teeth and fire-clay slide, flowing like the oven, are taken out done and finishod. The dull enamel has become as glass; the lusterless oxides have yielded their color, and the tooth that went in friable and brittle, has come out adamant. But there is an intermediate skill, the acquesition of which is one of the marvels of the mechanic arts. A little to long in that beat and the teeth are ruined, and the evils of “underdone” are equally to be guarded against as in the housekeeper’s baking. It is a trained judgment a skill of eye and handling that enables the burner to lend success to the work of those who have gone before him and at the priecise point where a shade, of failure is utter ruin. The teeth are now done am! ready for the curious characteristic red-wax cards on which they go into the trade. We have not tune to discribe the various minor processes of preparing color, j (luxes', oxides, etc., nor to speak of the , manufacture carried on in one of the i large, rooms, of corundum, wheels used iby the m-chanical dentist in grinding j teeth Co fit Che plate. . : In one of the rooms anvils were singing and files at work on some of the [ smaller steel implements of the dentist, but these are only a part of that branch of the business of the house, which gives exclusive employment to an extensive manufactory in another part of the city, whence the it on and steel in the rough came forth in all the glittering multifarious from that send a shudder through the observer who looks at the dentists, well fi'led case. The processes we have described in Dr. White's establishment, joined to the employment given in his sak-s rooms, I and counting rooms, give employ mem to : over two hundred persons, with a pay : roll of between two and three thousand dollars per week, and a product of four hundred, thousand teeth per month. And so p tssed the morning at the Archstreet establishment. Il is known of dentists throughout the world, and for eighteen years has been taking on those stages of progress that, like its completed teeth, are enameled securely with the success of high toned dealing, and unblemished reputation as to wares an 1 principl s. Dr. White was ! of that class of Philadelphias whose' fidelity to loyalty and liberty no trade considerations have ever shaken, through the years preceding the war, and in its dark hours, when the patriotism of lending men in business enterprises stood the country in good stead. Singular Life-Work of a Lunatic. Has any one noticed the miniature fort at the upper end of Blackwell's Island, to the north of the Lunatic Asylum? It' is the work of an insane man, who has spent half of his life upon it. He lost his mind in Mexico, or somewhere else, where high privates were in demand, and just escaoed being Mr. Armstrong, or Mr. Parrot, or Mr. Whitworth, by going «iazy. Gunnery was what ailed him, and for litications. As he was found to be quite harmless, and obedient to his monomania, they gave him intrenching tools, and told him to fortify the island. He took the geological and geographical bearings with the sagacity of a West Pointer, and concluded that any attack upon it would come from the south. So he devised a sea-cost battery with bomb proofs, approach. ib'.e by a dyke, with sluices an! gates, and mounting heavy ordnance. There never was a more patient worker for humanity or patriotism than this poor addle-head. Nobody else being insane on the same point, he could get no assistance. All the other monomaniacs had oil on the brain or poetry, or capital punishment, or negro suffrage, and were quite as devoted and zealous as he upon their claims. So the old soldier, with a long sigh and a brave heart, took up his single shovel and commenced to build the whole fort by himself. He wheeled barrow after barrow of earth into the sea, tugged ( irotn morning till night, until at last h< raised a narrow causeway front the mail I land to a rock at the end of a sand-bar 1 With pebbles, and shells and stones frou 1 the riv?r, he walled this causeway unti it became permanent. All this was no • a mouth’s nor a yet.r’r work; year aftc

■ year passed over bis gray hairs; he kept , on wheeling. The great city on the greater isiand required protection, and he was making its tegis. So he went on [like the mtn who threw up '.he CharlesI ton redoubts; and for fear he would be I too late to his task, he left his bed altogether, and built himself a hut close to place of labor. Here he slept and dwelt in the company only of his assuring conscience; and when at last his path was done, he set to work at the tort. The result of all these years is before us. His battery is sodded green, with parapet, berm, ditch, magazine, revetments, abattis, and it mounts mock or Quaker guns, upon carriages of capital construction, looking up from the sounds towards Hull Gate, like arbiters of dominion. The old lunatic is worn and falling, but he is not satisfied. His fort is done, not but his whole duty. S) he has projected ! a water-battery, and sea-wall around the! entire island, and means to bring to bear upon it all the knowledge of Yauban and I Tudlebcn. When the island is impreg 1 nable, he will wrap his mantle about him and die at his liberty. For the truth Qf al| this stpvy, let any-. body, passing up the East River, look upon die island tip, and see the old man ditching, and building, and the little fort close by, bristling with pop guns.—Scientific American. The Meeting of Congress. The New York Commercial, calls upon Congress to revolutionize its whole system of taxation. It declares that none of the taxes at present levied by the Federal Government are proper and justi liable; that custom house duties impede th r exchange ot comodities with foreign countries, to the great injury- <f every interest of the community; that income taxes are unequal, therefore unjust, leading to frauds, and revealing that which should be sacred; and that— The o ily proper an I just inodes of lev- , ying taxes are direct taxes ou real estate, and a tax on all sales of commo lilies. Both these taxes readily resolve them- . selves into a tax on consumption, being incorporated into the price of com modities produced, or the services rendered by those who pay them. In regard to currency, it is imposs- , bio to exaggerate the evils inflicted on , the country by the present forced use of , the legal tender notes, which constantly, t and often violently, fluctuate in value ; without apparent reasons. The use of , such a currency renders all operations of industry and commerce uncertain and | diflicult, and the constant fluctuations , which it produces in the value of all , things, induce persons to abandons hr , dustry and commerce to occupy them- , selves in the tempting, bat unproductive sphere of speculations. i Congress should promptly repeal the legal tender act, and enact that, thereafter Treasury notes of the United States shall be receivable in payment of all taxes and duties due the Government of the United States, and shall ba redeemable in gold, on demand, at the sub-Treasury ' in the city of New York. This would 1 undoubtedly at once make the Treasury notes of the Government of equal value with gold throughout the whole country and they, would thereafter be voluntarily I used by the whole community in preference to any other currency. I’reseving Wood. It has long been a matter of great importance to farmers and others interested I as to the best means to preserve the bolI toms of posts palings, etc-, set in the I earth. Many experiments have been ■ made, and various articles and ex- | pedients tried for this purpose; but nearly all have proved worthless. We ! give "the following recipet, on what apI pears to be good authority end recutuj mends' its trial. Take ot chalk forty parts, resin fifty parts linseed oil four i parts, melt together in an iron pot; to | tfhich add one one part oxide of copper, [and one part of sulphuric acid, to be [stirred into the mixture cautiously; then ' apply with a strong brush, and when dry it will be found as hard as stone, and which forms the best preserver for wood known. Wo trust those who have occasions to use posts, will test this preparation, as we think it will repay them for the expense. About Oki>ks.—Put things right ~ back in their place when done with. Nev- .’ er leave them all about heller skelter, . i topsy ttirvey, never. When you use any _ : article, hoe, shovel, pitchfork, ax, ham--1; urer, tongs, boots or shoes, books, slates pencils, writing apparatus, pins, thima! bles, pincushions, needels, work-baskets, . i kitchen furniture every article of housen 1 wilery or husbandry, uo matter what it qi is, the very moment you have done useing it return it to its proper place. Be r ! sure to have a tu-ecial place for every-

.. - 1 -.LU— . t thing in its place. Order, order, perfect ? order, is the watchword Heaven’s first I law. How much precious time is save 1 i (a-ide from vexation) by observing order - systematic regularity! And littlerfolks -■: should begin early to preserve order in everything. From habits of order. ’ These loose, slipshod, slatternly- habi its, are formed in childhood, and • habits once formed are apt to cling for I ; lifc ’, ! i Y oung friends, begin early to keep i things, in their proper places; study : neatness, order, economy, sobeily; in evei yching be just, honest, pure, lovely, and you will have a good report. C-5'A Work to Youno Mkx—How to A cue ve Success.—Keep your eye fixed on the mark, and don't flinch when you pull the trigger. The steady nerve is necessary to carry out the bold plan. [Could the multitude of failures which I ire recorded every day be thoroughly I examined as to their cause, it would bo [ found that a great proportion of them ; have resulted from a want of nerve, at I just the moment when an uow-avering, j sight and steady pull would have acI complished the object. If one is to succcel, he must fix his eye on the mark, and never think otherwise than that be shall hit it. Many a hunstman, wlsose marksmanship is none of the best, has astonished himself by shots made under circumstanoes when he must up gun and blaze away, with scarcely lime given to know what he is firing at. This was because he ha Ino opportunity to he-itate or waver when pressing the trigg r. Let an enterprise be ever so boldly projected and enerjectieally pushed; if the nerve fails at the last moment, good-by to success. Tobacco Statistics, The tobacconists of New Y»rk cityhell a convention in New York on Wednesday last, to take action in reference to requesting the Government to transfer the tax upon that article from the manufaiturer to the leaf, as the surest means of preventing frauds and equalizing the burdens. John J. Bagley, of Detroit, was one of the Vice Presidents of the Convention. Its proceedings are hardly of general interest enough to merit entire publication, but some of the facts stated were very striking. The total receipts from the tax on tobacco for the fiscal year ending Juno 30, 1865, were §11,383,864 76. The whole number of cigars returned waa 576,087,021- against 402,788,700 for the previous year. However, in the returns of chewing tob cco of all kinds the decrease was 22,493,775 pounds,in smoking tobacco of all kinds, 14,834,608 pounds, and in snuff 406,292 pounds. A tax of 15 cents per pound in 1863-4 yielded a revenue witiiin 836,946 91 as large as was received from the same source in 1864-5 with a tax of 24 and 40 per coat. A Beautiful Idea. Among the Alkghauies there is a spring, so small that a single ox could drain it dry on a summer’s day. It steals its unobtrusive way among the bills till it spreads out into the beautiful Ohio. Thence it stretches away a thousand miles, leaving on its banks more than a hundred villages and cities, and many thousand cultivated farms, and bearing on its bosom more than :»thousand steamboats. Then joining the Mississippi, it stretches away some twelve hundred miles or more, unti! it falls into the great emblem of eternity. It is one of tho great tributaries of the ocean, which, obedient only to God, shall roll and roar till the angel, with oue foot on the sea and the other on the laud, shall lift up his hand to heaven and swear that lime shall be no longer. So with moral influence. It is » rivulet, an ocean, boundless and fathomless as eternity. Ready for “Protection.” A number of the members of Congress from other States are enjoying the hospitalities of Pensylvanla iron kings, getting posted in iron statistics, high tariff sophistries, Ac., preparatory to speeches ' they intended to make, when Congress i meets, in favor of high duties on imported iron. It is well understood the arrangements have all been completed for the passage of a high “Protective Tariff” on iron, wool, cotton, Ac. It may be set I down as certain that the principal leg- - islation of the coming session will be , favorable to the interests of capitalists 7 and manufacturers, and against agricul- - tuiists and the laboring and consuming s classes The shoddy majority will act as - heretofore, under New England dictation, i, —Hnrrisburg Union. 1 ey At thirty we are trying to cut our ’’ names, in big letters, upon tho walls of e this teuement of life; twenty years htir ’’ we Lave carved it, or shut up our knife,

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