Decatur Eagle, Volume 2, Number 46, Decatur, Adams County, 24 December 1858 — Page 2

*d a joint resolution authorizing the - President “to adopt such measures and use such force as, in his judgment, may be necessary and advisable (or the purpose of adjusting the differences between the United States and the Republic of Paraguay, in connection with the attack on the United States s*eamer Water Witch, and with other meesv.res referred to" in his antral message. And on the 12th July following, they made an appropriation to defray the expense and compensation of a commissioner to that Republic, should the President deem it proper to make such an appointment. In compliance with these enactments, I have appointed a ct mtnissiouer, who has proceeded to Paraguay, with fuil powers Hird instructions to settle these difficulties tn an amicable and peaceful manner; it »h» be practible. His experience and discretion justify the hope, that he | may prove successful in convincing the Paraguayan government, that it is due both to honor ami justice, that they should voluntarily and promptly make atonement for the wrongs which they have committed against the United States an indemnify our injured citizens whom 1 they have forciably despoiled of their propertyShould our Commissioner prove unsuc- ! cessful, after a sincere and earnest effort • to accomplish the object of his mission, then no alternative will remain, but the employment of force to obtain “just satisfaction" from Paraguay In view of this contingency, the Secretary of the I Navy, under my direction, his fitted out | and dispatched a naval force to rendezvous near Buenous Ayres which, it is believed, will prove sufficient for the occasion. It is my earnest desire, however, that it may not be found necessary to resort to this last alternative.

THE CRISIS AND THE IRON INTERESTS EXPLAINED. When Congress met in December last, the business of the country had just been crushed, by one of those periodical revulsions, which are the inevitable consequence of our unsound and extravagant system of Bank credits and inflated currency. With all the elements of national wealth in abundance, our manufactures were suspended, our useful public and private enterprises were arrested, and thousands of laborers were deprived of employment and reduced to want. Universal distress prevailed among commercial, manufacturing and mechanical classes. This revulsion was felt the more severely in the United States because similar cause had produced the like de- | plorable effects throughout the commercial nations of Europe. All were experiencing said reverses at the same moment. Our manufacturers every where suffered severely, not because of the recent reduction in the tariff of duties on - inports, but because there was no demand at any price for their produc ions. The people were obliged to restrict themselves, in their purchases, to artiel.-s of prime necessity. In the general prostration of business, the iron manufacturers in different States probably suffered more than an other class, and much destitution was the inevitable consequence, among the great number of workmen who had been employed in this useful branch oi our industry. There could be no supply where there was no demand. To present an example, there could be no demand for railroad iron, after our magnificent system of railroads extending its benefits to every portion of the Union, had been brought to a dead pause. The name consequences have resulted from similar causes to many other branches of useful manufactures. It is self-evident that where there is no ability to pnrehase manufactured articles, these cannot be sold and consequently must cease to be produced. No government, and especially a government of such limited powers as that of the United States, could have prevented the late revulsion. The whole commer-

cial world seemed for years to have been rushing to this catastrophe. The same ruinous consequences would have followed in the United States, whether the duties upon foreign imports had remained as they were under the tariff of 1846, or had been raised to a much higher standard The tariff of 1857 had no agency in the result. The genera! causes existing throughout the world could not have controlled by the legislation of any particular country.

A BANKRt'PT LAW RECOMMENDED. The periodical revulsions which have exited in our past history, must continue to return al intervals, so long as our present unbounded system of bank credits shall prevail. They will, however, be the less severe in future, because it is not to be expected, at lea»t for many years to come, that the commercial nations of Europe, with whose interests our own are so materially involved, will expose themselves to similar calamities. But this subject was treated to much at large in tny last annual message that I shall not now pursue it further. Still I respectfully renew the recommendation in favor of a uniform bankrupt law. applicable to banking institutions. This is all the direct power over the subject winch I beJieve, the Federal G.-vernnunt possesses. Such' a law would r.vitigaie though it miwht produce a wholesome restraint upon’their banking business, if they knew in advance, that a suspension of specie payments would inevitably pnxjuce their civil death. But the efforts of <!w revolution are .lowly but surely passing away.— The energy and enterprise of our ci*tz n n<, , with our nnb'und ng re . r>orc» « will, with

I'in the period of another year, restore a I state of wholesome industry and trade.— ' Capital has again accummulated incur • Lu ge cities. The rate of interest is there very low. Confidence is gradually reI viving. and so soon as it is discovered ; that this capital can be profitably employed in commercial and mnnufactoring enterprises, and in the construction of railroads and other works of public and private improvement, prosperity will again smile ihoughout the land. It is vain, however, to disguise the fact from ourselves. that a speculative inflation of our currency, without a corresponding inflation in other countries whose manufactures come into competition with our own, must ever produce disastrous results to our domestic manufactures. No tariff, short of j absolute prohibition, can prevent these) I evil consequences. In connection with this subject, it is ; pioper to refer to our financial condition. The same causes which have produced pecuniary distress throughout, the country, have so reduced the amount of imports from foreign countries that the rev- j enue has proved inadequate to meet the 'necessary expenses of the government. — 1 To supply the deficiency. Congress, by the act of the 23d of December. 1857,1 .authorized the issue of 820,000,000 of i Treasury notes, and, this proving made- j quate, they authorized, by the actof June 14th 1858, a loan of 820,000,000, ’to be; applied to the payment of appropriation made by law.’ j A REVENUE TARIFF RECOMMENDED. j No statesman would advise, that we should go on incieasing the national debt to meet the ordinary expenses of the government. This would be a most ruinous policy. In case of war our credit must be our chief resource, at least for the first , year, and this would be greatly impaired

by having contracted a large debt in time lof peace. It is our true policy to increase I our revenue so as to equa, our expenditures. It would be ruinous to continue :to borrow. Besides, it may be proper to - observe that the incidental protection thus afforded by a revenue tariff, would at the present moment, to some extent, increase the confidence of the manufacturing interest, and give a fresh impulse to our reviving business. To this, surely, no person will object. In regard to the mode of assessing and and collecting duties under a strictly revenue tariff, I have long entertained and often expressed the opinion, that sound . policy requires this should be done by j specific duties, in cases to which these j can be properly applied. They are well | adapted to commodities which are usually ( sold by weight or by measure, and which from their nature, are of equal or of near-1 Iv equal value. Such, for example, are i the articles of iron of different classes, raw sugar, and foreign wines and spirits. SPECIFIC DUTIES. In my deliberate judgment, specific duties are the best, if not the only means of securing the revenue against false and fraudulent invoices, and such has been the practice adopted for this purpose by other commercial nations Besides specific duties would afford to the American manufacturer the incidental advantages to which he is fairly entitled under a revenue tariff. The'present system is a sli-' ding scale to his disadvantage. Under it, when prieis are bighand business 1 prosperous, the duties rise in amount when we least require their aid. On the contraty, when prices fall, and he is struggling against adversity, the duties are diminished to the same proportion, greatly to his injury. Neither would there be danger that a higher rate of duty than <!mt intended by Congress, could be levied in the form of specifiic duties. It would be easy to assertain the average value of any imported article for a series of years; and instead of subjecting it to an advalorem duty of a certain rate per centum, to substitute in its place an equivalent specific duty. By such an arrangement the consumer

would not be injured. It is true, be might have to pay a little more duty on a given article in one year; but if so, he would pay a little less in another, and in a series of years these would counterbalance each other, and amount to the same thing, so far as interest is concerned.— This inconvenience would be trifling, when contrasted with the additional security thus afforded against frauds upon the reventie, in which every consumer is directly interested.

RECEIPTS AND EXPENSES. The report of the Secretary of the Treasury will explain in detail the operations of that department of the govern- 1 rnent. The receipts into the treasury from all sources during the fiscal year ending 30th June, 1858, including the , treasury notes authorized by the act of December 23, I 853, were seventy million , two hundred and seventy-three thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine dollars and fiftv-nine cents (§70,373,809,59) which amount, with the balance of seventeen million seven hundred and ten thousand 1 one hundred and fourteen dollars and twenty-seven cents (17,710,114,27) re- , maining in the treasury at the commencement of the year, made an aggregate for the service of the year of eighty-seven million nine hundred and eighty-three thousand nine hundred and eighty-three . dollars afid eighty-six cents (887,98.3- . 983.86. ■ The public expenditures during the fiscal year ending June 3J, 1358, amount to eii'htv-oue million five hundred and eighty five thousand six hundred aed sixty-seven dollars and seventy six cents, ( 81'585.967,76.) of which vine million ' s;x Lun’ret! and cigh'y four thousand

, M» ■ I- ■ 'll 1 " IB— S——— i and five hundred and thirty seven do!■liar and ninety nine cents, (9,684,537,99) were applied to the payment of the pub- : lie debt, and the redemption of treasury • notes, with the interest thereon, leaving I in the treasury July 1, 1858, being the ■ | commencement of the present fiscal year, 6,368,316,10 The receipts into the treasury, during the first quarter of the present fiscal year commencing the Ist July, 1858, including one-hall the loan of twenty millions of dollars, with the premium upon it. authorized bv the actof 15th June, 1858, were 25,230,879,46, and the estimated receipts for the remaining three-quarters to the 30th June, 1859, from ordinarysources are, 838,000,000, making with i the balance before stated, an aggregate of 70,126,195 36. The expenditures, during the first quarter of the present fiscal, year, were twen-■ ty-one million, seven hundred and eightthousand, one hundred and ninety-eight dollars and fifty-one cents, (821,708,19851,) of which one million and ten thousand, one hundred and forty-two dollars and thirty-seven cents, were applied j to the payment of the public debt, and the redemtion of treasury notes and the interest thereon. The estimated expenditures, during the I remaining three quarters to 30th June, ) 1859, are fifty-two million, three hundred and fifty-seven thousand, six hundred and nine-eight dollars, and forty- | eight cants, (862,567,698 48,) making i an aggregate of seventy-four million, six-1 ty-five thousand eight hundred and nine-, ty-six dollars and ninety-nine cents. ■ (874,065. 896 99.) being an excuse of i expenditure, beyond the estimated re- | ceipts into the Treasury from ordinary ( sources, during the fiscal year to the 3Gth | 1 of June, 1859. of 83,936.701 43. Ex- ' traordinarv means are placed by law with- 1 in the command of the Secretary of the 1 Treasury by the re-issue of Treasury notes redeemed, and by negotiating the balance of the loan authorized by the act c of the 14th June. 1858, to the extent of j s eleven millions of dollars, which, if reai- j ized during the present fiscal year, will c leave a balance in the Treasury, on the ( first day of July, 1859, of seven million ’ sixty-three thousand two hundred and p ninety-eight dollars and fifty-seven cents. , e The estimated receipts during the next . 1 fiscal year ending 30th June, 1860, are ;'■ sixiy-two millions of dollars, which, with ' the above estimated balance of seven mil- c lion, sixtv-three thousand two hundred 8 and ninety-eight dollars and fifty-seven 1 cents, making an aggregate for the ser- ® vice of the next fiscal year, of sixty-nine ! 1 million sixty-three thousand two hundred I c and ninety-eight dollars and fifty-seven , s cents. The estimated expenditures during the next fiscal year ending 30th Jane ® 1860, are seventy-three million one hun- ‘ dred and thirty-nine thousand one hun- I dred and forty-seven dollars and forty-six : s cents, which leaves a deficit of estimated 1 means compared with the estimated ex-1 ’ penditures for that year, commencing on Ist of July, 1859, of four million and sev- 1 enty-five thousand eight hundred and for-1 ty-eight dollars and eighty-nine cents. j ‘ In addition to this sum, the Postmas-|‘ ter General will require from the treasury i for the service of the Post Office Depart- 1 ment, 83,838,728, as explained in the re-■ 1 port of the Secretary of the treasury. ■ which will increase the estimated deficit) on the 13th June, 1860 to 87,914,576 89. To provide for the payment of this estimated deficiency, which will be increased by such appropriations as may be made by Congress; not estimated for in the report of the treasury department, as well as to provide for the gradual redemption, from year to year, of the outstanding i treasury notes, the Secretary of tha trea- . sury recommends such a revision of the present tariff as will raise the required ) amount. After w’hat I have already said ■ I need scarcely add that I concur in the | opinion expressed in his report —that the public debt should not be increased by an ■ additional loan, and would therefore strongly uage upon Congress the duty of making, at their present session, the ne1 cesssary provision for meeting these liai bilities. AMOUNT OF THE PUBLIC DEBT. The public debt on the Ist July, 1858, i the commencement at ths present fiscal ■year, was 825,155,977 66. During the first quarter of the present. i year, the sum of 810,000,000 has been

negotiated of the loan authorized by the I Ad of 15th of June, 1353—making the present outstanding public debt, exclusive of treasury notes, 835,155,977 66. There was on the Ist July, 1858 of treas- . ury notes issued by authority of the act , of December 23, 1857. unredeemed, the' • sum of 818,754,800 —making the amount: , of actual indebtedness, at that date, §54- 1 | 910,777 66. To this will be added 810,000,000 during the present Seal year—- , this being the remaining half of the loan , i of 820,000,000 not yet negotiated. 1 The rapid increase of the public debt, I and the necessity which exists for a mod- I - ideation of the tariff, to meet even the or- • dinary expenses of the government, ought r to admonish us all in our respective i spheres of duty, to the practice of rigid ? economy. The objects of expenditure j should be limited in number, as far as this ■ may be practicable, and the appropriations necessary to carry them into effect, ought . to be disbursed under the strictest act countability. Enlightened economy does i not consist in the refusal to appropriate > monev for constitutional purposes, essential to the defense, progress, and prosper- , ity of the Republic, but in taking care 1 'hat none of this money shall be wasted I

. bv mismanagement in its application to ) the objects designated by law. . Comparisons between the annual ex- , penditure at the present time, and what if , it was ten or twenty years ago, are alto- ’ gether fallacious. The rapid increase of our country in extent and population, ’ (renders a corresponding increase of ex- , penditure to some extent unavoidable. — This is constantly creating new objects of expenditure, and augmenting the amount . I required for the old. Tbs true ques- ’' tions then, are, have these objects been unnecessary multiplied? or, has the i amount expended upon any or all of them , been larger than comports with due econ omy? In accordance with these princiI pies, the heads of the different executive I ; departments of the Governmet have been i instructed to reduce their estimates for j the next fiscal year to the lowest standard, ; consistent with flic efficiency of the ser- ! vice, and this duty they have performed in a spirit of a just economy, Ihe estimates of the Treasury, War, Navy and I Interior Departments, have been in some ! degree reduced and unless a sudden and unforeseen emergency should arise, it is not anticipated that the deficiency will ex- ' isting either within the present or the next) I fiscal year. The Postoffice Department iis placed in a peculiar position, different | from the other departments and to this I. shall hereafter refer. I invite Congress to institute a rigid | scrutiny, to ascertain whether the expen- j ses in all the departments cannot be still i further reduced; and I promise them all the aid in my power io pursuing the investigation. I transmit here with the reports made to me by the Secretaries of W ar, of the Navy, of the Interi f, and of the Postmaster General. They each contain valuable information, and important recommendations, to which I invite the attention of Congress. INCREASE OF THE NAVY. In my last annual message, I took occasion to recommend the immediate construction of ten small steamers, of light I draught, for the purpose of increasing the j efficiency of the navy. Congress responded to the recommendation, by authorizing the construction of eight of them.— The progress which has been made in ex , ecuting this authority, is stated in the re- I port of the Secretary of the Navy. I con-| cur with him in the opinion, that a greater number of this class of vessels is necessary, for the purpose of protecting, in a more efficient manner, the persons and properly of American citizens on the high seas, and in foreign countries; as well as in guarding more effectually our own h coals. I accordingly commend the pas-i soge of an act for this purpose. The suggestions contained in the report; of the Secretary of the Interior, especial-) ly those in regard to the disposition of the i < public domain, the pension and bouty land system, ihe policy toward the Indian, and I the amendment of our patent laws, are I worthy of tbc ••rums of Congress. DEFICIT IN THE POST OFFICE DEPARTMENT. 1 The Post Office Department occupies a position very different from that of the j other departments. For many years it j was the policy of the government to render | this a self-sustaining department; audit this cannot now be accomplished, in the j present condition of the country we ought i to make as near an approach to it as may 1 be practicable. The Postmaster General is placed inti', most embarrasing position by the existing j laws. He is obliged to carry these into! effect. He has no other alternative.— - He finds, however, that this can not be done witiiout heavy demands upon the Treasury over and above what is received for postage, and these have been progressively increasing from year to year until they amounted for the last fiscal year ending on the 30th of June 1858 to more than four millions and a half of dollars; whilst it is estimated that for the present fiscal year they will amount to 86,290,000. These same are exclusive of the annual appropriation of 8700,000 for ‘compensation for the mail service performed for the two house of Congress and the other departments and officers of | the Government in the transportation of I free matter.’ 1 The cause of these large deficits is I mainly attributable to the increased expense of transporting the mails. In 1852 I the sum paid for this service was but a fraction above four millions and a quarter.

Since that year it has annually increased until in 1858 it has reached more than eight millions of dollars. The receipts of the Postoffice Department can be made to approach or to equal its expenditure only by means of the legislation of Congress. In applying any remedy, care should be taken that the people shall not be deprived of the advantages, which they are fairly entitled :to enjoy from the Postoffice Department. The principal remedies recommended to the consideration of Congress by the Postmaster General are to restore thej ’ former rate of postage upon single letters ; to five cents; to substitute for the franking privilege the delivery to these now entitled to enjoy it, of post office stamps for their correspondence, and to direct the l department, in making contracts for the transportation of the mail, to confine it- !; self to the payment of the sum necessarv -for this single purpose, without requiring it to be transported in post coaches or 1 1 carriages of any particular description.— ! Under the present system the expense to ■ the Government is greatly increased, by ■ requiring that the mail shall be carried in > I such vehicles ae will accommodate pass- ■ enger’. This will be dons without pay

) from the department, over al) roads where the travel will remunerate tbe contractors. These recommendation's deserve the . grave consideration of Congress A PACIFIC RAILROAD RECOMMENDED. I would again call your attention to the construction of a Pacific Railroad. Time ■ i and reflection have but served to confirm me in (he truth and justice of the obser- . j vations which 1 made, on this subject, in my last annual message, to which 1 beg leave it respectfully refer. >j [CONCLUDED ON THE FOURTH PACE.] The Last Drive al Douglas. ; The United States Senate is just now making a very silly exhibition ofitself before the world. A gentleman who has ! served twelve years in that body with great credit Io himself and high honor to the whole country, is sough/ to be degraded through the machinery of the caucus action of that body, for differing in opinion on a single subject and that subject one on which he and his constituents almost unanimously agree. If Mr. Dougias was wrong upon that subject, it would not be right to thus proscribe him for an I error of opinion. The day is past in this country when persecutioin is to be rem- - edy for imagined heresy, either in politics or religion. But who says Mr. Douglas' ’ is wrong in his Popular Sovereignty principle as applied toU. S. Territories? The ■ very men who time and again have acknowledged that he was right. Every vote given or speech made by the South in favor of the Kansas Nebraska Bill was a solemn and unmistakable acknowledgment of the justness and soundness of his position. That “the people of the Terri-, tories as well as the States should be left perfectly free to regulate their domestic institutions in their own way subject only to tbe constitution,” was doctrine enunciated in that great measure, and has in ' good faith in every instance been adhered to by its distinguished author. It was the intention of the Kansas Nebraska Bill to inaugurate a new policy in regard to the government of the Territories, that I instead of Congress legislating for a dis- | tant Territory, the people should be allow ed to legislate for themselves. i This policy was acquiesced in and the views of the Senator from Illinois fully | endorsed not only by the democratic ma- j jority in both branches of Congress but' by every democratic delegate from every , Congressional District in the United States to the last National Convention. It isupon , this platform the senator from Illinois now : stands, and it. is by the Popular Sovereignty principles of that policy he is to ; fall if fall he must. If Presidential conspiracies and Senatorial caucuses have ' power to put him down, he will go with, his flag flying. But the people of this ■ country have yet some liberty left and the press of the country is still a power among us. Finding that popularsovereignty as expounded by Douglas was fatal to the far- ; ther spread of slavery, the right of the people in the Territories to 'regu- ■ '■ate their domestic institutions in their . own way’ is totally discarded by the Fire | ■ Eaters .->d Minnie Rifle nien of the South j and a slave for the go.o rillnent o f the I Territories to be passed by Ci~,<r r ess, is i j now demanded. It is for opposing euc [, ! a measure that Douglas is disposed froi. | tbe chairmanship of the Committee on ! Territories. Let the country ‘Look to *. the Senate!'—C.'et'f/Gnrf Plain Dealer. 1 m A Nut for the Abolitionist. A negro woman, named, Amy, belong ing to Samuel G. Jones, esq.. Chief Engineer of the Montgomery and Pensacola railroad, passed through this city yester- { day, on her return from the North.— Sometime last September, she accompani ied Mr. and Mrs. Jones to New York, in , the capacity of nurse to their child! and while there, was enticed to leave them ; and embrace the joys of‘freedom. Her colored fiiends persauded her that slavery 1 was a sinful institution, that she was, as a Christian woman, bound to repudiate it. ! Amy further states that after a few weeks i she found employment as chambermaid to a lady, who told her that she had done I wrong in quitting her owner; as, according to.the negro’s statement, she was well treated and had a good home with them i This suggestion induced her to return and ; she expresses the belief that she would , ■ have starved, or frozen, Lad she remain- . ed. Accordingly sue set to work to ob-

tain money that she might seek a good home and kind treatment in slavery—j boons which freedom had denied her; and ■is now on her way to Montgomery, to give herself up voluntarily to her owners. —Augusta Constitutional. A word in season, when John Wesley first came to America, one of his fellowvoyagers was General Oglethorpe, who ■ came out to be Governoi of Gorgia. The General was detailing some fault of his servant to Mr. Wesley, and declaring 4 what his punishment would be, winding lup his remarks with the words: “The rascal should have taken care how he used me, for he knows I never forgive.” “Then I hope, sir,” said John Weslev, looking calmly at him, “you never sin.” There was a whole sermon in those few words. Behind Time—An old Carolinan once said: “I was born the last day of the year, the last day in the month, the last day of the week, and very late in the day, and have always been behind hand. 1 believe it would have been fifiy dollars in mv pocket it I had not been born at all.”

s Honors to Senator Douglas. —-Th« -1 following address from the old veterans ■of 1814 and 1815, was presented s Douglas at the St. Charles Hotel, New Orleans, on the 6ih insl- lie ackno*|. edged the honor done him in an apprepr). a i ate manner: ! | Sir: The Louisiana Association us ibo i Veterans of 1814 and 1815, have t( 10 - honor to greet yonr arrival among Us i and congratulate you upon the glcriouj ; triumph you have achieved in the noble ; State you so ably represent. You see around you the remnants o f the few citizen soldiers who, under th# immoital Jackson, contributed to tha ' memorable victory of the Bth of Januarr ■ 1815. They are all happy to shake the s band of one who, like yourself, has been i so prominent in the vindication of Vnei t > illustrious chief. So long as men of your ability Bn q s firmness shall occupy a seat in the tout-, • cils of the nation, the stability of the Republic will not be despaired of. hi — . Foreign Items. The London Times, in response to the the defence, by the American press, of Mr. Commissioner Reed, reiterates its charges’against that gentleman, and »ay, that ‘a comparison of the English, treat? which obtains everything, with the American, which obtains nothing,’ is all that is necessary to prove its assertions. The same journal has a satiricle on the proposition, alleged to be in con- ! templation at Washington, to place a tax on tea. drawing attention to the manner in which a like proposition was treated at Boston in 1773. It says ‘an American self-imposed tea-tax certainlv teachesona lesson, and that is, that it is not bad Government so much as a meddling, domineering Government, that alienates tbe members of a free state.’

It is said that Prince Napoleon desiring to devote himself exclusively to the Government of Algeria, is about to resign th# administration of the Colonies into the hands of the Minister of Marine. Telegraph to Cuba. We understand that contracts are com pleted and that work will be immediately commenced at Savannah, Ga., for the construction of a telegraph line to Fernndina, Fla., thence by land to Cedar Keys, and from there to Key West by a submarine cable. From tbe latter place, a cable will also be laid to Cuba. The coutractors for this work will leave New York in a few days for the field of operations. It is intended to complete the line to Key West bv next summer, when it will bi connected with Cuba as soon as the cable can be laid. In the present condition of affairs in the Gulf of Mexico, it is of the higLst importance to our Government that they have prompt means or communication with our fleet in those waters, whose head quarters are at Key West. Aside from this fact, its importance to eommer cial men will be duly appreciated both North and South. Mr. C. O. Walden, of New York, is the Secretary of the Cu ban Telegraph Company.

New York. 13 — A letter from Valentis, Nov. 21st, states that the large shorn end of the Atlantic Cable was laid on ti e previous Friday. Five miles were laid and it is believed that if the sewn miles ' ■’’•l! at Greenwich had been added to it ' the would have been satisfi ctory. After passing the spot w here the shore ; <-nd terminate some of the men in their anxiety to continue t ] le under-running of the small cable disco.„ re ,| a kink where the conducting wire was nose( j to the water. The defective part wa. PU . ou t aud the under running disconii.., t ,. ( j i though it is probable that other defects ot the kind would have been discovered. The cable was not tested after the shore end had been attached nor was there any body at Valentia cable of doing it. I Rochester, Dec. 13—Fifteen prisoners escaped from the jail in this city Usi night, among whom is Manly Lock?, w,n ' killed Benjamin Starr at Mendon, in Oct. i 1857. Thev cut off five Iron bars with asawmadeof a watch spring, and M themselves down into Genesee river with the rope with which Ira Stout was bnngThey waded some fifteen rods to reach the land. None are recaptured as yet. First Payment for Mount V ebnon.— On the 2d inst., Miss Ann Pamelia Cunningham, the regent of the ‘Mount ernon Ladies’ Association,'caused to oe paid to John A. Washington, the sum o 857, 000, with interest thereon the s»> sum being the amount due on the rs instalment. The payment was n,a through Geo. W. Riggs. Esq., of ington, the treasurer of the Associate The Appraisement Bill —Tb’ s passed both branches of the Legit- al ‘ ' as reported from the committee of coa ence. This is the most important mew* , ure of the session. Its provisions « generally well designed to secure a and equal valuation of realestate for ation. New. Dec. 13.—The steamship, Mose* Tavlor arrived here to day. . She brings 350 passengers « nJ “ eß ’> 81,250,000 in treasure and Cali to r news of the 20th November. The overland mail from St. Louis 25th arrived at San Francisco It has been discovered that ®» ■ . worth of State warrants have been |SS which are not recorded on the booksWhy is the letter D like a ’ Because it follows the C