Democratic Press, Volume 1, Number 16, Decatur, Adams County, 31 January 1895 — Page 2

Me prices of coat/ ARE CONSIDERABLY LOWER THIS YEAR THAN LAST. Price* Advanced in ISD2 While Wages Declined—Congressman Adams Quibbles, Squirms and Denies Facts. ' When Questioned by Mr. Warner. ' Wilson Bill Did It, The Wilson bill reduced the duty on : bituminous coal from 75 to 40 cents per ton. Coal lias been 30 cents per ton I cheaper this year than last. As about I 44,000,000 tons of anthracite coal alone ' tire consumed annually in this country i the saving to the people is $22,000,000. This is half the labor cost of mining i the coal. That the present reduced price of coal need not, and does not. affect the wages paid to miners is evident from two facts: (1) more coal is consumed when prices are low, and more labor is needed in the mines. Increased demand for labor means steadier employment and higher wages and not lack of employment and lower wages; (2) wages were higher before the passage of the McKinley bill in 1890 than now. while prices of coal were even lower than at present, as will be seen by the following prices: Sept. Jan. Sept. Jan. Coal. 1890. 1592. 1892. 1894. Stove $3.50 $3.45 $4.75 $3.75 Chestnut .... 3.25 3.10 4.05 3.00 Egg 3.50 3.30 4.40 3.00 Grate 3.40 3.25 4.00 3.50 In 1892, when the coal trust raised prices of coal $1.25 per ton—about 40 per cent.—not only were thousands of miners thrown out of employment because of restricted production, but wages were actually reduced for those not thrown out. The relations between cause and effect are so apparent In this case as to be almost self-evident, even without the facts. Yet there are men who have lived in Pennsylvania during the last four years who deny the facts and dispute the logic. Strange to say, one of these men is in Congress. The following interesting colloquy ensued, on January 3. between Congressmen Adams of Pennsylvania and Warner of New York. Adams had complained. in a speech in the House, that coal had averaged fifty cents per ton less in price this year than last. Mr. Warner If I understood the gentleman, he said that the people of this country have been getting coal fifty cents per ton cheaper than before the passage of the V. ilson bill, but he complained mnd in that I sympathize with him) that perhaps some of the poor miners had been getting less for their work than they had received before. Now, I wanted to ascertain from the gentleman how much the miners had had to lose per ton in order to enable the people to get th ir coal fifty cents per ten cheaper. I was simply asking for hil'.irLioih.i. Mr. Adams of Pennsylvania—l will answer the gentleman from the papers of this morning, which announce that one of the largest collieries in Pennsylvania has been compelled to shut down ami throw its men out of employment because there is no market for the coal. Mr. Warner—Have there been as many collieries shut down this winter as there were the winter after the McKinley bill was passed? Mr. Adams—Yes. sir. Mr. Warner—Has the gentleman any facts on that subject? Mr. Adams—Mr. Chairman, I cannot go on answering the gentleman's questions all day. 1 try to be courteous, but—Mr. Warner—l simply wish to ask the gentleman whether his statement is based on a general estimate or opinion. or whether he really knows the facts. Have you the Dun statistics of that period also? Mr. Adams —The collieries have been shutting down ever since t-.e Democratic party came Into power. (Applause on the Republican side.) Mr. Warner—Were they not shutting down before the Democratic party came into power? Mr. Adams—And if the Democratic party continues in power, they will al! shut down. (Laughter and applause on the Republican side.) Mr. Warner—Were not more of them shut down under the McKinley bill than there ever have been since? Mr. Adams—There was not a man who losi a day's work by the passage of the McKinley bill, but the workingmen have been losing wages ever since the passage of the Wilson bill. And declined to yield further to Mr. Warner. A little later in the day, however. Mr, Hendrix yielded two minutes of his time to Mr. Warner, who said: “Mr. Chairman, in return for the courres- of the gentleman from Pennsylvania who was so kind as to give re." a little information, 1 wiil read the fallowing nci'. which I hare upon authority for which i am willing to vouch, and which, I think, will accord w ith his own knowledge of the state of affairs in the coal mines of the State of Pennsylvania at this very time of y ,tr. immediately after the passage of the McKinley bill: “January 8, 1891.—The Frick Coke Ci -ipany have given notice that they w'j shut down 1,100 more coke ovens it.*-- .itely next week. No cause is g’ .. for the shut down. “ fy next entry is this: ' ;’he coke companies of Pennsylvania reduced wages 10 per cent.; 10.000 men struck. “Mr. Chairman, that was the climax of i series of reductions of wages and s' .’t-downs in the coal mining regions o' the State of Pennsylvania which co unimeed immediately after the passage of the McKinley bill." (Applause on the Democratic side.) Mr. Adams—Will the gentleman give tin some statistics as to the condition o' cniugs after the McKinley law had

been In operation for six months or a year? I' Mr. Warner —At the coke ovens wages ' ■ever afterwards rose so high as they ' were before the passage of that bill. After its passage the actual fact was that a large proportion of the miners were driven into riot and beggary. And ; there has been no period since when wages have been equal to the old rates which prevailed at the time when the McKinley bill was passed in order that the operatives might have the full benefit of a protective tariff. Mr. Adams—Does the gentleman know what the duty on coke is? Mr. Warner—Coke, as is perfectly well known, is made from bituminous coal; and it is the coal production of , Pennsylvania that the gentleman has ' , been talking about; and it is the price I of coal at the mines that determines ! ] the price of. and the market for. both i coke and coal, as tile gentleman knows even better than I do. Mr. Adams—l challenge the gentle- . man's statement. I have asked him to state what was the condition of things | after the McKinley bill had been in i operation six months or one year, and , he does not do it. Mr. Warner —I have told you that the wages of the men engaged in the coke ' ovens were never brought back to the point at which they were before the McKinley bill was passed. There were more reductions made shortly after the passage of the McKinley bill than were made during the remaining period down to the present time. Facts vs. Theories, The American Economist of Jan. 11 says: “Under the new woolen duties which went into effect on Jan. 1 manufacturers must reduce prices, otherwise foreign goods will take the place of the American product. Os course, the prices of American goods will be reduced to meet the exigencies of the situation, but along with reduced prices of cloth there must come reduced prices of labor.” That settles it. The foreigner doesn't pay our tariff taxes. The Economist having been converted on tilts point, the demonstration is probably clear ' enough to be understood by the greatest muddle-headed Republican chump iu the remotest backwoods district in Pennsylvania. Lower duties mean cheaper woolen goods. Other things being equal, cheaper woolens are certainly desirable. The most important other thing is wages. “Along with reduced prices of cloth there must come reduced prices of labor,” says the Economist. Is it right this time, any more than it was in 1890, when it said that increased duties meant increased wages? It will be recalled that the Reform Club, in 1592, published a list of about <IOO wage reductions in protected industries from October, 1,890, to October. 1592. This list has since been doubled for the same period. It will also be recalled that Hie Economist, in 1892, was unable to find any case of wage advances in protected industries due to increased duties. The throe or four actual cases where wages had been advanced slightly were due to labor organizations. If now we can produce a list of a dozen wage advances in large woolen and textile mills, which have occurred , during the first four months under the Wilson bill, it will be in order for the Economist, if it places any value on veracity, to explain how it is that the facts are directly opposed to its theories. The following is a partial list of textile mills in which wage advances were reported in leading trade papers in September. October. November and December. 1594: Rawitzer Bros., Stafford Springs; Riverside Knitting Mills, Cohoes, N. Y.: Alexander Crow's Woolen and Worsted Mills, Philadelphia, Pa.; Woodstock Mills, Norristown, Pa.; Blackinton Woolen Mills. North Adams, Mass.; Cocheco Mills, Dover. N. H.; North Adams Manufacturing Company. Braytonville, Mass.; Pontoosuc Woolen Company, Pittsfield, Mass.; Briggsville Woolen Mill, near North Adams. Mass.; Broad Brook Woolen Mill, Connecticut; Berkshire Knitting Mill, Pittsfield. Maas.; Greenwoods Company. Pine Meadow, Conn.; Lowell Manufacturing Company. Boston, Mass.; Linwood Mills, Briggsville, Mass.; Hathaway Mill. New Bedford, Mass. Tens of thousands of textile workers now have higher wages or steadier employment. or both, tuau they have had for years. We challenge the Economist to produce a similar list for the whole McKinley period. If it cannot produce such a list we ask it in all fairness to tell its readers plainly that, contrary to its theories, there have been more wage advances in four months of low tariffs than there were in four years of high tariffs. Will it tell the truth to its readers?—Byron W, Holt The Golden Rule in Commerce. Under the impression that the removal of the duty' on wool by this Government would be a special or exclusive concession to the Argentine Republic. the Government of that country prepared a revision of the tariff on I goods imported from the United States i for purpose of making reciprocal con- I cessions to us. When it learned that ' the duty on wool was repealed, whether . the wool came from the Argentine Re- ! public or any other country, this spe- j cial concession to the United States was • dropped. But our Minister in Bueno* Ayres has informed our Government ( that tlie Argentine Congress has passed a tariff bill which is greatly in our fa- j vor. 11 does not appear to give us any exclusive advantages, but it cuts the duties on articles that we export end we alone are likely to export to any eon- . siderable quantity. The Argentine ' Republic cuts off $250,000 of its revenue by removing duties from yellow aud pitch pine lumber, and this ought to add materially to our exporta

APPEAL TO CONGRESS MESSAGE OF THE PRESIDENT ON THE FINANCIAL EMERGENCY. Says Another Bond Issue Is the Only Way to Prevent a Constant Drain of Gold—Sees Very Good Cause for Alarm. National Integrity at Stake. The President on Monday sent to both houses of Congress a message on the financial situation, substantially withdrawing his support from the plan outline! in the Carlisle bill and outlining the only .policy w hich seems to him now possible to maintain the gold reserve. The message is as follows: “To the Senate and House of Representatives: In my last annual message 1 commended to the s-rious consideration of the Congress the condition of our national finances, and, in connection with the subject, indorsed the plan of currency legislation which at that time seemed to furnish protection against impending dan ger. This plan has not been approved by the Congress. In the meantime the situation has so changed and the emergency now appears so threatening that I deem it my duty to ask at the hands of the legislative branch of the government such prompt and effective action as will restore confidence in our financial soundness and avert business disaster and universal distress among our people. “Whatever may be the merits of the plan outlined in my annual message as a remedy for ills then existing, and as a safeguard against the depletion of the gold reserve then in the treasury, I am now convinced that its reception by the Congress mid our present advanced stage of financial perplexity necessitates additional or different legislation. Party to Be Laid Aside. “With natural resources unlimited in variety and productive strength and with a people whose activity and enterprise seek only a fair opportunity to achieve national success and greatness, our progress should not bp checked by a false financial policy and a heedless disregard of sound monetary laws, nor should the timidity and fear which they engender stand in the way of our prosperity. “It is hardly disputed that this predicament confronts us to-day. Therefore no one in any degree responsible for the making and execution of our laws should fail to see patriotic duty in honestly and sincerely attempting to relieve the situation. Manifestly, this effort will not succeed unless it is made untr.unmeled by the prejudice of partisanship and with a steadfast determination to resist the temptation to accomplish patty advantages. We may well remember that if we are threatened with financial difficulties all our people in every station of life are concerned, and surely those who suffer will not receive the promotion of party interests as an excuse for permitting our present troubles to advance to a disastrous conclusion. It is also of the utmost importance that we approach the study of the problems presented as free as possible from the tyranny of preconceived opinions, to the end that in a common danger we may be able to seek with unclosed vision a safe and reasonable protection. Distrust a Great Trouble. “The real trouble which confronts us consists in a lack of confidence, widespread and constantly increasing, in the continuing ability or disposition of the Government to pay its obligations in gold. This lack of confidence grows to some extent out of the palpable and apparent embarrassment attending the efforts of the Government under existing laws to procure gold, ami to a greater extend out of the impossibility of either keeping it in the treasury or canceling obligations by its expenditure after it is obtained. “The only way left open to the Government for procuring gold is by the issue and sale of its bonds. The only bonds that can be so issued were authorized nearly twenty-five years ago and are not well calculated to meet our present needs. Among other disadvantages they are made payable iu coin instead of specifically in gold, which, in existing conditions, detracts largely and in an increasing ratio from their desirability as investments. It is by no means certain that bonds of this description can much longer be disposed of at a price creditable to the financial character of our Government. “The most dangerous and irritating feature of the situation, however, remains to be mentioned. It is found in .lie means by which the treasury is despoiled of the gold thus obtained without canceling a single Government obligation. and .jolely for the benefit of those who find profit in shipping it abroad, or whose fears induce them to hoard it at hume. The Stubborn Fact*. “We have outstanding about $500,000,000 of currency notes of the Government, for which gold may be demanded; and curiously enough the law requires that when presented and in fact redeemed and paid in gold they shall be reissued. T hus the same notes may do duty many times in drawing gold from the treasury: nor can the process be arrested as long as private parties for profit or otherwise see an advantage in repeating the operation. More than $300,000,000 in these notes have already been redeemed in gold, and notwithstanding such redemption they arc- all still outstanding. “Since the 17th day of January, 1894, our bonded iuter€’Bt-bearing debt has been increased $100,000,000 for the purpose of obtaining gold to replenish our coin reserve. Two issues were made, amounting to $50,000,000 each—one in ! January and the other in November. As a result of the first issue there was realized something more than $58,000,000 in ■ gold. Between that issue and the suci reding one in November, comprising a period of about ten months, nearly $103.000,000 in gold were drawn from the I treasury. This made the second issue ! necessary, and upon that more than $58,- ! 000,000 in gold was again realized. Between the date of this second issue and (he present time, covering a period of • only about two months, more than $69,- ; 000,000 in gold has been withdrawn from l (he treasury. These large sums of gold , were expended without any cancellation ' of Government obligations or in any permanent way I nefiting our people or improving our pecuniary situation. | “The financial events of the last year suggests farts and conditions which should certainly arrest attention. More han one hundred and seventy-two miltons of dollars in gold have been drawn 1 put of the treasury during the year for

the purpose of shipping abroad or hoarding at home. While nearly one hundred and three millions of the same were drawn out during the first ten months of the year, a sum aggregating more than two-thirds of that amount, being about sixty-nine millions, was drawn out during i he following two months, thus indicate :g a marked acceleration of the deph* ng process with the lapse of time. Obligations Still Outstanding* “The obligations upon which this gold has been drawn from the treasury are still outstanding and are available for use in repeating the exhausting operation with shorter intervals as our perplexities accumulate. “Conditions are certainly supervening tending to make the bonds which may be issued to replenish our gold less useful for that purpose. An adequate gold reserve is in all circumstances absolutely essential to the upholding of our public credit and to the maintenance of our high national character. “Our gold reserve has again reached such a state of diminution as to require its speedy re-enforcement. The aggravations that must inevitably follow present conditions and methods will certainly ? .*a<l to misfortune and loss, not only to air national credit and prosperity, and to financial enterprise, but to those of our people who seek employment as a means of livelihood and to those whose only capital is their daily labor. “It will hardly do to say that a simple increase of revenue will cure our troubles. The apprehension now existing and constantly increasing as to our financial ability does not rest upon a calculation of our revenue. The time has passed when the eyes of investors abroad and our people at home wm* fixed upon the revenues of the government Changed conditions have attracted their attention to the gold of the government. There need be no fear that we cannot pay our current expenses with such money as we have. There is now in the treasury a comfortable surplus of more than $63,000,000, but it is not in gold and therefore does not meet our difficulty. Silver Question Not the Issue. “I cannot see that differences of opinion concerning the extent to which silver ought to be coined or used in our currency should interfere with the counsels of those whose duty it is to rectify evils now apparent in our financial situation. They have to consider the question of national credit and the consequences that will follow from its collapse. Whatever ideas may be insisted on as to silver or bimetallism, a proper solution of the question now pressing upon us only requires a recognition of gold as well as silver and a concession of its importance, rightfully or wrongfully acquired, as a basis of national credit, a necessity in the honorable discharge of our obligations payable in gold and a badge of solvency. I do not understand that the real friends of silver desire a condition that might follow inaction or neglect to appreciate ’he meaning of the present exigency if it should result in the entire banishment of gold from our financial and currency arrangements. “Besides the treasury notes which certainly should be paid in gold, amounting to nearly $500,000.(100, there will fall due in 1904 $100,000,000 of bonds issued during the last year for which we have received gold, and in 1907 nearly $600,000.000 of 4 per cent, bonds issued in 1877. Shall the payment of these obligations in gold be repudiated? If they are to be paid in such a manner as the preservation of our national honor and national solvency dema mis. we should not destroy or even imperil our ability to supply ourselves with gold for that purpose. “While I am not unfriendly to silver, and while I desire to see it recognized to such an extent as is consistent with financial safety and the preservation of national honor and credit, 1 am not willing to see gold entirely banished from our currency and finances. To avert such a con sequence. I believe thorough and radical remedial legislation should be promptly passed. I therefore bog the Congress to give the subject immediate attention.

Secretary Should Have Authority. "In my opinion, the Secretary of the Treasury should be authorized to issue bonds of the Government for the purpose of proenring and maintaining a sufficient gold reserve and the redemption and caneellalioii of the United States legal-ten-der notes and the treasury notes issued for the purchase of silver under the law of July 14. 18911. tVe should be relieved from the humiliating process of issuing bonds to procure gold to be immediately and repeatedly drawn out ou these obligations for purposes not related to the benefit of our Government or our people. The principal and interest of these bonds should be payable ou ilieir face in gold, because they shonld be sold only for gold or its representative, and because there would now probably be difficulty in favorably disposing of bonds not containing this stipulation. “I suggest that the bonds be issued in denominations of S2O and SSO and their multiples, and that they bear interest at a rate not exceeding 3 per cent, per annum. I do not see why they should not be payable fifty years from their dates. We of the present generation have large amounts to pay if we meet our obligations and long bonds are most salable, 'i he Secretary of the Treasury might well be permitted at his discretion to receive on the sale of bonds the legal tender and treasury notes to be retired and. of course, when they are thus retired or redeemed in gold they should be canceled. “I believe all the provisions I have suggested should be embodied in our laws if we are to enjoy a complete reinstatement of a «ound financial condition. They need not interfere with any cur rency scheme providing for the im renr.e of the circulating medium through the agency of national or State banks, since they can easily be adjusted to such a scheme “In conclusion I desire to frankly confess my reluctance to issuing more'bonds in present circumstances and with no better results than have lately followed that course. I cannot, however, refrain from adding to an assurance of my anxiety to co-operate with the present Congress in any reasonable measure of relief an expression of my determination to leave nothing undone which furnishes a hone for improving the situation or checking a suspicion of our disinclination f>r d’sa bility to meet with the strictest honor every national obligation. “tiROTER CLEVELAND." Benvenuto Cellini tells in his memoirs of his hallucinations. On one occasion ho visited the Coliseum, which he found lighted with a great globe of fire and tilled with demons, who conversed with him as long as they could induce him to stay.

HAWKS and P fITS - Th. Birds Cleared . Barn of Ro- ' dents. 1 U I "■ near . t! >'7 e w bri’Jhsu 1 barn that he had finished L . T few days before, It « moment with a sque# ll ”- 1 . claw and the interested farmer watched it till it met another hawk 1 in mi Ja r The two c.releu anduu | dulated side by side j“| the one with the rats resumed its , flight toward the forest. T ‘.‘. J I hawk immediately pointei ■■ - barn, shot through the window. Bitted out a few seconds lat«r 1 . struggling rat in each talon, and . sailed off in the same directs>n. Halstead started to tell his wife about what he had seen, when the hawks or a pair exactly like taem, flew into the barn window, and came out s >r ly with their claws full of squeaung rats. There was no grain or hay in the new barn, and the farmer wondered where all the rats came from. : He was also in a quandry as to how the fierce forest birds knew where to find rats under a roof. On going into the upper part of the barn Mr. Hallstead raw scores of . rats scampering around on the floor, and the mystery of their presence was solved. Two nights before, a day , or so after the barn had been completed, the young people of the town- i ship had a’ bull on the upper floor. The jocund rustics brought pecks of pop corn to the party, and between the dances they sat on rough wooden benches and munched it with their partners. When the ball broke up lots of the pop corn was left, and the rural merrymakers threw it at one another till the floor was covered. The rats in the other barns soon got scent of the fragrant pop corn, and swarmed into the new building after it; bill how the hawks ascertained that the rats were there in large numbers none of the smart local naturalists were able to tell. Mr. Hallst. ul s dog pitched into the four-footed corneaters, and the fierce rats pounced upon him. bit his nose and cars till the blood ran. and sent him yelping down the stairs. The farmer went at the rats with a shovel, and they ran up his clothing and forced him to clear out. They bit him on the neck and ears be.'or * he could shake them off, and he decided to let th m alone. At dusk that night he saw two owls flit through the window and sail out with four rats. The hawks continued to dart into the barns several times a day, and they always steered for the woods witli their claws full. When the useful birds of prey ceased to come not a rat was to be seen in the barn, although a lot of pop-corn still remained on the floor. Ginsing. Ginseng is a root worth almost its weight in gold in China, and Secretary Morton, in his last report, recommends its cultivation in this country. Formerly we shipped $1,000,000 worth of ginsing to China every year, but-the supply has fallen off. and Corea now furnishes nearly all of it The Chinese regard this plant as a cure for almost every disease. They believe that the root possesses intelligence and powers of locomotionwhich enables it to run away to escape capture. They also" believe that it is guarded by the tiger, the leopard, the wolf and the snake, animals appointed by the gods to protect it.

A root weighing three or four ounces sells for |2(O. but the American article commands only $2 a pound. In C.orea it is cultivated under government supervision, but in this country the plant grows wild in the mountain regions. The Chinese say that the virtue of the plant is not in its material composition, but in a mysterious power appertaining to it through being produced wholly apart from human influence under the care of a beneficent spirit. But while the Chinese will pay any price for this root, and will consume all that can be produced, the medical men of Europe and America have never found any curative power in it. Our Indian tribes, however, agree w ith the ( iiinese and regard ginsing as a valuable medicine. Winter Proverbs. A snow year, a rich year. M inter finds what summer lays up. After a rainy winter follows a fruitful spring. .'■y,'. nte^’ s y ack breaks about the middle of February. December cold, with snow, brings rye everywhere. In winter expect not fair weather from one night’s ice. He that drops a coat on a winter day, Will gladly put it on in May. Winter thunder. Poor man’s death and rich man’s hunger. December changeable and mild. 1 he whole winter will remain a child. Poison on Bank Notes. A bank teller of Vienna recently died from the effects of his fingers with saliva at the lips when counting money. At the first revision of the vaults it fell to his lot to count a large number of small bills and although repeatedly warned continued mechanically to touch his Ups when his fingers became too dry.

1 nat evening he felt a smart ing pain In his lip*. l* ut ROt s,t ;* n ! toituntd a swelling h»J set l “ the next da yHe then consulted a surgeon, who ,listed upon an immediate operation on the tuim r. that had in the meantime assumed a arming propert on* as iiiuiSp’ - tion of eminent specialists declared hi S condition critical, but decided UDOn operation as a possible huice In suite of the operation tbe patient died three days after of blood poisoning. THE fireweed It Disguises the Ruin WrongM by Forest Conflagrations. As August comes on, one finds along quiet country roadsides and in wood openings, a tall plant, often from four to six feet in height, or even higher whose single straight -tern of mingled red and green color I is heavily feathered with long, narrow leaves, bearing a striking resemblance to those of the common willow At the top waves a handsome | plume about a foot long of deep pink tlowers shaded purple, a feature of i-uch striking grace and beauty that , few of our wild flowers can compare with it. The extreme tip of this plume or raceme is a closely clustered bunch of buds; the base of it is decorated ' with long pods of the same color as i the flowers. Between these two are . the open blossoms —twenty-five ot thirty, perhaps—circling around ths stem upon all sides. Those familiar with the common plant families will I at once recognize a member of the evening primrose group, the shape ot the flowers, buds, pods and leaves, as well as their position and habit of growth being almost unmistakable It is the fireweed or great willow herb; botanicaliy. Eptiobium augustifolium,

The promptness with which this .*-• I>i* h..»»-1 »*!ld tosses its plumes wherever the forest lias been blaekene.iibv fire or devastated by the axe, has given it one of its common names, while the other was suggested by the marked resemblance of its leaves to that of the willow. It is not confined, however, to wood openings by any means; it may be met with everywhere along the quiet roadways and in open lands not disturbed by the scythe When grow ing singly or in detached specimens along the country roads it is a plant of rare appearance—a tall and distinguished beauty, exciting attention at once by its striking elegance of form and unusual refinement of color. An Ever-Bearing Orange Tree. Mr. Simms, the pnnor founder ot this most valuable fruit- says it is a true citrus vulgaris found while in the Apopka hammock, without the bitter of the common wild orange of our hammocks. The tree has the characteristics of being in fruit the year round, and is without doubt a cross —the sour orange with the sweet — and of bolding the fruit on the tree for months after they are fully ripe, d'he original tree now has both green and ripe oranges, und they are picked ripe, juicy and deiicious any day in the year. The fruit is more even in size and thinner skinned than the old one, with less rag and but very few seeds, and for home use every garden from Tampa to Brunswick should possess it. It surely must prove valuable as a market variety. Only to think of it —a ripe orange picked from the tree every morning before breakfast the year round ! A guarantee is given by Mr. Simms that the original tree was found in the month of August full of bloom and green and ripe fruit. A Cosmopolitan City. New York is remarkable for its cosmopolitan population. Os the 1,800,000 inhabitants reported by the last State census, 377.000 are aliens. Nearly everyone in five is not a citizen. But thousands of citizens are foreign born and still retain their native language and customs. The American born are. in fact, in a small minority, numbering only 335,000 There are more Germans and more Irish iu New York than there are native born. The Russian colony (including Poles) numbers So.ijm, an d there are 54,000 Italians. Nearly every race, religion and language are represented here. Certain sections of the city are as distinctly foreign in character and population as any foreign city could be. This is one of the things that makes New York so interesting, and also so difficult to govern. Relics of the Saxons. Saxon relies have been found in great abundance lately in a cemetery in Sussex. England. ' In one grave were two elaborately ornamented vessels and a trumpet-shaped glass utensil. In other graves were found a spear, a circular bronze brooch, i bronze knife and knife sheath, a bronze ring, with two toothpicks and one earpick attached, a drinking cup of clay and a number of colored beads. Upon a skeleton there were 151 beads of clay and glass suspended on a string from the neck to the waist. t the waist being the most important and conspicuous portion of the gown of to-day, all the labor and adornment seems to be spent upon it leaving the skirts, for the most part, quite plain. The one thing essential is to have the skirt well fitted at the top. The amount of material at its foot may be varied from three to eight yards. The latter are extreme.