Decatur Democrat, Volume 52, Number 10, Decatur, Adams County, 11 March 1909 — Page 3

GALA DAY ■' < - ... ■ b Washington, March 4.—(Special to Hipe Dally Democrat)—Notwltiistand■M that this la inaugural day, WashB Ington la entertaining the worst bllzBlkard In her history. Eight Inches of Hitenow has fallen and the wind and ■|l<eet makes life out of doors next g Jo Impossible. As a result the proHlkram of the day had to be changed, and the Inaugural parade shortened, Mjßrly in the day all traffic on all the I tailroads had to be abandoned, and B ncomlng trains were cut out. The IB government took charge of the only ■ wire that is in service in the city, B vhich makes news from the capital IB Mty meager at the best. The presl- ■ lent delivered his inaugural address M n the senate chamber, and in all ■ here is a greater clamor than ever S’or a later date for future Inauguralons. Hi Washington, March 4.—(Special to Hhe Daily Democrat)—At half past H deven the inaugural parade started H rom the white house on the march to Hi he capitol. Pennsylvania avenue M ’ever before presented a more brilH lant spectacle, and the throng of ■ eople took up every inch of space ■ hat was available. Traffic was aban- ■ .cned during the entire morning, and ■■ ae avenue was given over to the plendors of inaugural day. The presIM lent and president-elect reached the H resident’s room in the senate and at |H fteen minutes after twelve the oath |H t office was administered by Chief HI ustlce Fuller, and immediately thereH| iter he delivered his inaugural ad||H ress which was composed of five |H lousand words. At half past one gB, ie president was driven back to the I hite house, where he took his first fB incheon in the white house home.' I t two o’clock he took his place on iHlie reviewing stand and as we go 111 i press he is still watching the bril--9 lint pageants, the gold braid and ■Bbaring the plaudits of a mighty peoH e. Following is his inaugural adgß My Fellow Citizens—Any one who s ? | ikes the oath I have just taken must ||B iel a heavy weight of responsibility. 1, I f not, he has no conception of the owere and duties of the office upon |H ’hlch he Is about to enter or he is I icking in a proper sense of the obligaI on which the oath Imposes. 1 1116 office of an address is ' I >'glve a summary outline of the main ‘i I >llcles of the new administration so Illi as they can be anticipated. I have I id the honor to be one of the ad- ■ | sera of my distinguished predecessor H II id as such to hold up his hands in $F| ,ie reforms he has initiated. I should > untrue to myself, to my promises ps | id to the declarations of the party ,4' | attorm upon which I was elected to Bee If I did not make the mainte ■ ince and enforcement of those reH’ I rms a most Important feature of my | (ministration. They were directed to ". | e suppression of the lawlessness and HB 'uses of power of the great combina|i )ns of capital invested In railroads |||B.d in Industrial enterprises carrying |gBI. Interstate commerce. The steps hlch my predecessor took and the 4 | jlslation passed on his recommenda m have accomplished much, have ,-&B used a general halt In the vicious ■ ; ";B llcles which created popular alarm d have brought about in the bust as affected a much higher regard for I toting law. ■H Further Action Needed. render the reforms lasting, how- ■ •'lar, and to secure at the same time ||||Biedom from alarm on the part of ft? | >se pursuing proper and progressive Iklness methods further legislative H|l 1 executive action are needed. ReMliMf of the railroads from certain reof the anti-trust law have vifV- lim urged by my predecessor and will urged by me. On the other hand, ' administration is pledged to leglsllon looking to a proper federal su’vision and restriction to prevent exslve issues of bonds and stocks by I npanies owning ami operating Inter ’ I to commerce railroads. ■ Ij'hen, too, a reorganization of the de-:?V-B'tment of justice, of the bureau of BporaUoi:?; in the department of com- ■ tree and labor and of the interstate Mlhmerce commission looking to effec||||Bj co-operation of these agencies is |||Bded to secure a more rapid and cer'enforcement of the laws affect- ® I interstate railroads and industrial ■t Ipblnatlons. I'Z’ I hope to be able to submit at the \?'.*' : Blt re^ular session of the incoming HHigress in December next definite digestions in respect to the needed to the anti-trust and the ■ •'Brstate commerce law and the ||||Bnges required in the executive deIjtments concerned in their enforce ' “Good «nd Bad Trusts." to believed that with the changes ■be recommended American busl- ■ fii can be assured of that measure of ■ Bllity and certainty in respect to Be tbinga that may be done and the life and growth of v BxMdneML Such a plan mutt include

efficiency same time dHßewentl- ’ sting between combinations based, upon legitimate economic neaeoM and those formed with the Intent of creating monopolies and arttfidaffly controlling prices. The work of formulating into prac- > ties! shape eneh changes to crauttee wort of the hlgbeet order and teqtdrve all the deliberation possible In the Interval. I pelfeve that the amendmente * to be proposed are just as necessary In t the protection bf legitbnate tnuteeas as I In the clinching of the reforms which t properly bear the name of my predeRevision of the TedW. ’ A matter of most pressing Impor- * tance to the revision of the tariff. In ‘ accordance with the promises of the 1 platform upon which I was elected, 1 » shall call -congress Into extra session, r to meet co the 15th day of March, in , order that consideration may be at I once given to a bill revising the Ding- . ley act This should secure an adequate revenue and adjust the duties In suclr a manner as to afford to labor and to all industries in this country, r whether of the farm, mine or factory, - protection by tariff equal to the difference between the cost of production abroad and the cost of production here , and have a provision which shall put Into force, upon executive determina- | tlon of certain facts, a higher or maxl1 mum tariff against those countries ' whose trade policy toward us equitably requires such discrimination. It to thought that there has been such a change In conditions since the enact- ( meat of the pingley act, drafted on a . similarly protective principle, that the measure of the tariff above stated will ■ permit the reduction of rates in certain 1 schedules and will require the advancement of few, If any. > The proposal to revise the tariff ; made tn such an authoritative way as L to Mad the business community to ■ count upon it necessarily halts all ' those branches of business directly affected, and as these are most Important it disturbs the whole business 1 of the country. It to Imperatively necessary, therefore, that a tariff bill be i drawn In good faith In accordance ■ with promises made before the elec- ’> tlon by the party In power and as promptly passed as due consideration ' will permit i Inheritance Tax Advocated. In the making of a tariff bill the prime motive Is taxation and the securing thereby of a revenue. Due largely to the business depression which followed the financial panic of 1907, the revenue from customs and other sources has decreased to such 1 an extent that the expenditures for ' the current fiscal year will exceed the ■ receipts by 1100,000,000. It to Imperai tlve that such a deficit shall not coni ttnue, and the framers of the tariff i bill must of course have in mind the , total revenues likely to be produced by it and so arrange the duties as to secure an adequate income. Should it be Impossible to do so by import duties ' new ktnda of taxation must be adopt 1 ed, and among these I recommend a i graduated inheritance tax as correc 4 In principle and as certain and easy of collection. Government Economy Urged. > The obligation on the part of those i responsible for the expenditures made to carry on the government to be as i economical as possible and to make the burden of taxation as light as possible to plain and should be affirmed In every declaration of government policy. This to especially true when we are face to face with a heavy deficit But when the desire to win the popular approval leads to the cutting off of expenditures really needed to make the gpvernmenL effeqtive and to. enable It to accomplish its proper objects the result to as much to be condemned aS the waste of government funds in unnecessary expenditure. In the department of agriculture the use of scientific experiments on a large scale and the spread of information derived from them for the Improvement of general agriculture must go on. The Importance of supervising business of great railways and industrial combinations and the necessary Investigation and prosecution of unlawful business methods are another necessary tax upon government which did not exist half a century ago. Proper Forme of Expenditure. ” The putting into force of laws which shall secure the conservation of our resources so far as they may be within the jurisdiction of the federal government, including the most important work of saving and restoring our forests, and the great Improvement of waterways are all proper government functions which must involve large expenditure If properly performed. While some of them, like the reclamation of arid lands, are made to pay for themselves, others are of such an indirect benefit that this cannot be expected of them. A permanent improvement, like the Panama canal, should be treated as a distinct enterprise and should be paid for by the proceeds of bonds, the issue of which will distribute its cost between the present and future generations In accordance with the benefits derived. It may well be submitted to the serious consideration of congress whether the deepening and control of the channel of a great river system like that of the Ohio or of the Mtostoslppl when definite and practical plaxis ter the enterprise have been approved and deter- { mined upon should not be provided for p In the stmt way. I Then, too; there are expeadituree es I government absolutely necessary 4f oar country Is io me lutein Ite woner nlaco «■ _____ tIM , aW la

SilSeT policy against the colonization of European monarchies In this hemisphere , and In the promotion of peace and Internationa! morality. I refer to the cost of maintaining a proper army, a proper navy and suitable fortifications upon the mainland of the United States and In Its dependencies. ‘ The Army and Navy. We should have an army so organised and eq officered as to be capable In time of emergency In co-operation with the national militia and under the provisions of a proper national volunteer law rapidly to expand into a force sufficient to resist all probable invasion from abroad and to furnish a respectable expeditionary force. If necessary, In the maintenance of our traditional American policy which bears the name of President Monroe. Our fortifications are yet In a state of only partial .completeness, and .the number of men to man them Is Insufficient In a few years, however, the usual annual appropriations for our coast defenses, both on the mainland and in the dependencies, will make them sufficient to resist all direct attack, and by that time we may hope that the men to man them will be provided as d necessary adjunct The distance of our shores from Europe and Asia, of course, reduces the necessity for maintaining under arms a great army, but It does not take away the requirement of mere prudence, that we should have an army sufficiently large and so constituted as to form a nucleus out of which a suitable force can quickly grow. What has been said of the army may be affirmed in even a more emphatic way of the navy., A modern navy cannot be improvised. It must bo built and in existence when the emergency arises which calls for its use and operation. . My distinguished predecessor has in many speeches and messages set out with great force and striking language the necessity for maintaining a strong navy commensurate with the coast line, the governmental resources and the foreign trade of our nation, and I wish to reiterate all the reasons which he has presented in favor of the policy of maintaining a strong navy as the best conservator of our peace with other nations and the best means of securing respect for the assertion of our rights, the defense of our interests and the exercise of our influence in International matters. Must Am as Other Nations Do. Our International policy is always to promote peace. We shall enter Into any war with a full consciousness of the awful consequences that It always entails, whether successful or not, and we, of course, shall make every effort, consistent with national honor and the highest national interest, to avoid a resort to arms. We favor every instrumentality, like that of The Hague tribunal and arbitration treaties made with a view to Its use In all international controversies, in order to maintain peace and to avoid war. But we should be blind to existing conditions and should allow ourselves to become foolish Idealists If we did not realize that, with all the nations of the world armed and prepared for war, we must be ourselves In a similar condition in order to prevent other nations from taking advantage of us and of our Inability to defend our Interests and assert our rights with a strong hand. In the international controversies that, are likely to arise in the orient, growing out of the question of the open door and other issues, the United States can maintain her Interests Intact and can secure respect for her just demands. She will not be able to do so, however, if it to understood that she never intends to back up her assertion of right and her defense of her interest by anything Twit mere verbal protest and diplomatic note. For these reasons the expenses of the army and navy and of coast defenses should always be considered as something which the government must pay for, and they should-not be cut off through mere consideration of economy. Our government to able to. afford a suitable army and a suitable navy. It may maintain them without the slightest danger to the republic or the cause of free Institutions, and fear of additional taxation ought not to change a proper policy in this regard. Protectlen For Our CHlaone Abroad. The policy of the United States In the Spanish war and since has given It a position of influence among the nations that it never had before and should be constantly exerted to securing to, its bona fide citizens, whether native or naturalized, respect for them as such in foreign countries. We should make every effort to prevent humiliating and degrading prohibition against any of our citizens wishing temporarily to sojourn in foreign countries because of race or religion. The Japanese Question. The admission of Asiatic immigrants who cannot be amalgamated with our population has been made the subject either of prohibitory clauses In our treaties and statutes or of strict administrative regulation secured by diplomatic negotiations. 1 sincerely hope that we may continue to minimize the evils likely to arise from such immigration without unnecessary friction and by mutual concessions between »elf respecting governments. Meantime we must take every precaution to prevent or, failing that, to punish outbursts of race feeling among our people against foreigners of whatever nationality who have by our grant a treaty right to pursue lawful bustnoM here and to bo protected against lawless assault or Injury, This leads mo to point out a eoffow detect. In the present federal jurtedfo.

( or a city not under the control of the , federal government the duty of per- ( forming our international obligations t !jn this respect By proper legislation ( we may and ought to place In the j hands es the federal executive the means of enforcing the treaty righto of such aliens in the courts of the federal government. It puts our government ' In a pusillanimous position to make ' definite engagements to protect aliens 1 and then to excuse the failure to pkr- ’ form those engagements by an explaI nation that the duty to keep them to in 1 states or cities not within our control. ' If we would promise, we must put ourselves In a position to perform our promise. We cannot permit the possible failure of justice due to local preju--1 dice In any state or municipal government to expose us to the risk of a war ' which might be avoided if federal ' jurisdiction was asserted by suitable legislation by congress and carried out ' by proper proceedings instituted by the executive In the courts of the na--1 tional government Monetary Laws Need Change. One of the reforms to be carried out ' during the Incoming administration is a change of qur monetary and banking ' laws so as to secure greater elasticity ' In the forms of currency available for trade and to prevent the limitations of ; law from operating to Increase the embarrassments of a financial panic. The ’ monetary commission lately appointed to giving full consideration to existing 1 conditions and to all proposed reme- ' dies and will doubtless suggest <me that win meet the requirements of business and of public Interest We may hope that the report will embody neither the ; narrow view of those who believe that ’ the sole purpose of the new system , should be to secure a large return on banking capital nor of those who would bays greater expansion of currency with little regard to provisions for its ; Immediate redemption or ultimate security. There is no subject of economic discussion so intricate and so likely to evoke differing views and dogmatic statements as this one. The commission In studying the general Influence ; of currency on business and of busi- , ness on currency have wisely extended their Investigations In European banking and monetary methods. The Information that they have derived , from such experts as they have found abroad will undoubtedly be found helpful in the solution of the difficult problem they have In hand. Favors Postal Savings Banks. The Incoming congress should promptly fulfill the promise of -the Republican platform and pass a proper postal savings bank bill. It will not be unwise or excessive paternalism. The promise to repay by the government will furnish an Inducement to savings deposits which private enterprise cannot supply and at such a low rate of Interest as not to withdraw custom from existing banks. It will substantially increase the funds available for Investment as capital in useful enterprises. It will furnish the absolute security which makes the proposed scheme of government guaranty of deposits so alluring without its pernicious results. Ship Subsidise Advocated. I sincerely hope that the incoming congress will be alive, as it should be, to the Importance of our foreign trade and of encouraging it in every way 1 feasible. The possibility of Increasing this trade In the orient, in the Philippines and in South America to known to every one who has given the matter attention. The direct effect of free trade between this country and the Philippines will be marked upon our sale of cottons, agricultural machinery and other manufactures. The necessity of the establishment of direct lines Os steamers between JJorth q_nd. South America has been brought to the attention of congress by my predecessor and by Mr. Root before and after his noteworthy visit to that continent, and I sincerely hope that congtess may be Induced to see the wisdom of a tentative effort to establish such lines by the use of mall subsidies. The importance which the department of agriculture and of commerce and labor may play In ridding the markets of Europe of prohibitions and discriminations against the Importation of our products to fully understood, and it is hoped that the use of the maximum and minimum feature of our tariff law to be soon passed will be effective to. remove many of those restrictions. . ) Lock Canal Plan Defended. The Panama canal will have a most Important bearing upon the trade between the eastern and the far western sections of our country and will greatly Increase the facilities for transportation between the eastern and the western seaboard and may possibly revolutionize the transcontinental rates with respect to bulky merchandise. It will also have a most beneficial effect to Increase the trade between the eastern seaboard of the United States and the western coast of South America and indeed with some of the important ports of the east coast of South America reached by rail from the west coast The work on the canal to making most satisfactory progress. The type of the canal as a lock canal was fixed by congress after a full consideration of the conflicting reports of the majority and minority of the consulting board and after the recommendation of the war department and the executive opon those reports. Recent suggestion that something had occurred on the ■lsthmus to make the lock type of the canal less feasflde than it was supposed to be when the reports wore made and the policy determined co led to a visit to ths isthmus of a PCNUwI Q* CyuialvCwMl dI*HM9OaV vO vXMaU" toe the Gatun Md and toclte*>hieh5 ■ - •Vn

I are sie key of tSeloci The re- | port of that board shows that nothing | has occurred In the nature of newly revealed evidence which should change the views once formed In the original discussion. The construction will go on under a most effective organization controlled by Colonel Goetbals and his fellow army engineers associated with him and will certainly be completed early in the next administration, if not before. Some type of canal must be constructed. The lock type has been selected. We are all in favor of having It built as promptly as possible. We must not now, therefore, keep up a fire in the rear of the agents whom we have authorized to do our work on the isthmus. We must hold up their bands, and, speaking for the Incoming administration, I wish to say that I propose to devote all the energy possible and under my control to the pushing of this work on the plans which have been adopted and to stand behind : the men who are doing faithful hard , work to bring about the early comple- . tlon of this the greatest constructive enterprise of modern times. Free Trade With Philippines. The governments of our dependencies In Porto Rico and the Philippines are progressing as favorably as could be desired. The prosperity of Porto Rico continues unabated. The business conditions in the Philippines are' not all that we could wish them to be, but with the passage of the new tariff bill permitting free trade between the United States and the archipelago, with such limitations in sugar and tobacco as shall prevent injury to the domestic Interests- on those products, we can count on an improvement in business conditions in the Philippines and the development of a mutually profitable trade-between this country and the islands. Meantime our government in each dependency is upholding the traditions of civil liberty and increasing popular control, which might be expected under American auspices. The work which we are doing there redounds to our credit as a nation. Words of Friendship For the South. I look forward with hope to increasing the already good feeling between the south and the other sections of the country. My chief purpose is not to effect a change in the electoral vote of the southern states. That is a secondary consideration. What I look forward to is an Increase in the tolerance of political views of all kinds and their advocacy throughout the south and the existence of a respectable political opposition in every state—even more than than this, to an Increased feeling on the part of all the people in the south that this government is their government and that its officers in their states are their officers. I‘ -- The Negro Question. The consideration of this question cannot, however, be complete and full without reference to the negro race, its progress and its present condition. The thirteenth amendment secured them freedom, the fourteenth amendment due process of law, protection of property and the pursuit, of happiness, and the fifteenth amendment attempted to secure the negro against any deprivation of the privilege to vote because he was a negro. The thirteenth and fourteenth amendments have been generally enforced and have secured the objects for which they were intended. While the fifteenth amendment has not been generally observed in the past, it ought to be observed, and the tendency of southern legislation today is toward the enactment of electoral ’qualifications which shall square with that amendment Ne Repeal of Fifteenth Amendment Os course the mere adoption of a constitutional law is only one step In the right direction. It must be fairiy and. juatix enforced, aa weLL In. time both will come. Hence it to clear to all that the domination of an Ignorant, Irresponsible element can be prevented by constitutional laws which shall exclude from vbting both negroes and whites not having education or other qualifications thought to be necessary for a proper electorate. The danger of the control of an ignorant electorate has therefore passed. With this change the interest which many of the southern white citizens take in the wdfare of the negroes has Increased. The colored men must base their hope on the results of their own Industry, self restraint, thrift and business success as well as upon the aid and comfort and sympathy which they may receive from their white neighbors of the south. There was a time when northerners who sympathized with the negro in his necessary struggle for better conditions sought to give to him the suffrage as a protection and to enforce its exercise against the prevailing sentiment of the south. The movement proved to be a failure. What remains is thq fifteenth amendment to the constitution and the right to have statutes of states specifying qualifications for electors subjected to the test of compliance with that amendment This is a great protection to the negro. It never will be repealed, and It never ought to be repealed. If it had not been passed It might be difficult now to adopt It but with It In our fundamental law the policy of southern legislation must and will tend to obey it and so long as the statutes of the states meet the test of this amendment and are not otherwise in conflict with the constitution and laws of the United States It to not the disposition or within the province of the federal government to Interfere with the regulation by southern states of their domestic affaire. tvvw There to in the south a stroswer feelint than ever among the intelligent, weß to do and influential element in fevor eC the fedwtttal etaontlon « 5

============!SS| the race to make themselves useful members of the community. The progress which the negro has made In the last fifty years from slavery, when Its statistics are reviewed, Is marvelous, and It furnishes every reason to hope that In the next twenty-five years a still greater improvement in his condition as a productive member of society, on the farm and in the shop and In other occupations, may come. The negroes are now Americans. Their ancestors eame here years ago against their will, and this to their only country and their only flag. They have shown themselves anxious to live for it and to die for it Encountering the race feeling against them, subjected at times to cruel injustice growing out of It, they may well have our profound sympathy and aid In the struggle they are making. We are charged with the sacred duty of making their path as smooth and easy as we can. Any recognition of their distinguished men,i any appointment to office from among j their number, to properly taken os an encouragement and an appreciation of , their progress, and this just policy shall be pursued. The Appointment of Negroes. But it may well admit of doubt ! whether in case of any race an appointment of one of their number to , a local office in a community in which , the race feeling is so widespread and , acute as to Interfere with the ease and facility with which the local govern- > ment business can be done by the ap- , pointee is of sufficient benefit byway of encouragement to the race to outweigh the recurrence and increase of , race feeling which such an appointment is likely to engender. Therefore the executive in recognizing the negro race by appointments must exercise a careful discretion not thereby to do it more harm than good. On the other , hand, we must be careful not to en- , courage the mere pretense of race feeling manufactured In the Interest of in- . dividual political ambition. No Race Feeling In White House. Personally I have not the slightest race prejudice or feeling, and recognition of its existence only awakens la . my heart a deeper sympathy for those i who have to bear it or suffer from it, t and I question the wisdom of a policy , which is likely to increase it Mean- ! time, if nothing is done to prevent, a . better feellfig between the negroes and . the whites in the south will continue i to grow, and more and more of the [ white people will come to realize that i the future of the sontii is'to be muck . benefited by the industrial and intel- [ lectual progress of the negro-. The ex- . excise of political franchises by those . of his race who are intelligent and - well to do will be acquiesced in, and ! the right to vote will be withheld only* from the Ignorant and Irresponsible of both races. The Labor Question. There is one other matter to which I shall refer. It was made the subject, of great controversy during the election and calls for at least a passing reference now. My distinguished predi ecessor has given much attention to the cause of labor, with whose struggle for better things he has shown the sincerest sympathy. At his instance , congress has passed the bill fixing the liability of Interstate carriers to their employees for Injury sustained in the course of employment, abolishing the rule of fellow servant and the common law rule as to contributory negligence and substituting therefor the so called rule of comparative negligence. It has also passed a law fixing the compensation of government employees for Injuries sustained in the employ of the * government through the negligence of the superior. It also passed a model child labor law for the District of Columbia. In previous administrations an arbitration law for Interstate commerce railroads and their employees and_ lgws for the_apnllcatisG of safety devices to save the lives and limbs of employees of Interstate railroads had been passed. Additional legislation of this kind was passed by the outgoing congress. > . I wish to say that, in so far as I can, I hope to promote the enactment of further legislation of this character. I am strongly convinced that the government should make itself as responsible to employees Injured in its employ as an interstate railway corporation to made responsible by federal law to Its employees, and I shall be glad, whenever any additional reasonable safety device can be invented to reduce the loss of life and limb among railway employees, to urge congress to require its adoption by Interstate railways. . ■ Um of Injunctions Necessary. Another labor question has arisen Which has awakened, the most excited discussion. That is in respect to the power of the federal courts to issue Injunctions in industrial disputes. As to that, my convictions are fixed. Take away from courts, If it could be taken away, the power to issue injunctions In labor disputes, and it would create a privileged class among the laborers and save the lawless among their number from a most needful remedy available to all men for the protection of their business against lawless invasion. The proposition that business is not a property or pecuniary right which can be protected by equitable injunction to utterly without foundation in precedent or reason. The proposition is usually linked with one to make the secondary boycott lawful Such a proposition to at variance with the American Instinct and will find no support, in my judgment, when submitted to the American people. The secondary boycott to an instrument of tjrranny and ought Dot to be made legitimate. 4 / The issuing of a temporary restraining order without notice has In several instances been abused by Its tbcooMderate.exerclsa, and to fe®sdy Jhto (Csatinued oa page fosr.)