Decatur Democrat, Volume 49, Number 12, Decatur, Adams County, 25 May 1905 — Page 7

ORIGIN OF PROPERTY j TH E WAY MANKIND AGftUIRED THE SCIENCE O c THRIFT. Ia the lleglnnliiK All Tliinga Were Io voninion. and Movables of Every Kind Became Sooner Appropriated Than the Permanent Soil. In the beginning of the world, we are j informed bj holy writ, the all bounti- | ful Creator gave to man "dominion i over all the earth ami over the fishes of the sea and over the fowl of the air and over every living thing that moved upon the earth.” This is the only true and solid foundation of man's dominion over external things, whatever airy, metaphysical notions may have been started by fanciful writers on this subject. The earth, therefore, and all things therein are the general property of mankind, exclusive of other beings, from the immediate gift of the Creator. W d while the earth continued bare of inhabitants it is reasonable to suppose that all was iu common among them and that every one took from the public stock to bis own use such things as his immediate necessities required. These general not ons ‘of property were then sufficient to answer all purposes of human life and might perhaps still have answered them had it been possible for mankind to have remained in a state of primeval simplicity, in which "all things were common to him.” >'et that this communion of goods seems ever to have been applicable even in the earliest stages to aught but the substance of the thing, nor could it be extended to the use of it, for by the law of nature and reason he who first began to use it acquired therein a kind of transient property that lasted so long as he was using it and no longer, or, to speak with great cr precision, the right of possession continued for the same time, only that the act of possession lasted. Thus the ground was iu common, and no part of it was the property of any man in particular, yet whoever was in the occupation of any determined spot of it for rest, for shade or the like acquired for the time a sort of ownership, from which it would have been unjust and contrary to the law of nature to have driven him by force, but the Instant he quitted the use or occupation of it another might seize it without injustice. Thus, also, a vine or a tree might be said to be in common, as all men were equally entitled to Its produce. and yet any private individual might gain the sole property of the fruit which he had gathered for his own repast—a doctrine well illustrated by Cicero, who compares the world to a'great theater which is common to the public, and yet the place which any wan has taken is for the time his own. But when mankind increased in number. craft and ambition it became necessary to entertain conceptions of a more permanent dominion and to appropriate to individuals not the immediate use only, but the very substance of the thing to be used. Otherwise innumerable tumults must have arisen and the good order of the world been continually broken and disturbed, while a variety of persons were striving who should get the first occupation of the same thing or disputing which of them bad actually gained it. As human life grew more and more refined many conveniences were devised to render it more easy, commodious and agreeable, as habitations for shelter and safety and raiment for warmth and decency. But no man would be at the trouble to provide either so long as he had only an usufructuary property in them, which was to cease the instant that he quitted possession; If as soon as he walked out of his tent or pulled off his garment the next stranger who came by would have a right to inhabit the one and to wear the other. In the case of habitations in particular It was natural to observe that even the brute creation, to whom everything else was in common, maintained a kind of permanent property in their dwellings, especially for the protection of their young; that the birds of the air had nests and the beasts of the fields bad caverns, the Invasion of which they esteemed a very flagrant injustice and in the preservation of which they would sacrifice their lives; hence . a property was soon established in every man's house and homestead, which seems to have been originally temporary huts or movable cabins suited to the design of Providence for more speedily peopling the earth and to the wandering life of their owners before any extensive property in the soli or ground was established. There can be no doubt but that movables of every kind became sooner appropriated than the permanent, substantial soil, partly because they were more susceptible of a long occupancy, which might be continued for months together, without any sensible interruption, and at length by usage ripen Into an established right, but principally because few of them could be fit for use till improved and meliorated by the bodily labor of the occupant, which bodily labor bestowed upon any subject that lay in common to all men is universally allowed to give the fairest and most reasonable title to an exclusive property therein. The article of food was a more immediate call and therefore a more early consideration. Such as were not contented with the spontaneous products of the earth sought for a more solid refreshment in the flesh of beasts, which they obtained by hunting. But the frequent disappointments incident to that method of provision induced them to gather together such animals as were of a more tame and sequacious nature and to establish a more permanent property in their flocks and herds in order to sustain themselves in a less . precarious manner partly by the milk

of the dams and partly by the flesh of the young. The support of these their cattle made the article of water also a very important point. And therefore the book of Genesis, the most venerable monument of antiquity, will furnish us with frequent instances of violent contentions concerning wells, the exclusive property of which appears to have been established in the first digger or occupant even in places where the ground and herbage remained yet in common. Thus we find Abraham, who was but a sojourner, asserting his right to a well in the country of Abiraeleeh and exacting an oath for security “because he had digged that well.” And Isaac about ninety years afterward reclaimed this his father's property and after much contention with the Philistines was suffered to enjoy it in peace. All this while the soil and pasture of the earth remained still in common as before and open to every occupant except perhaps in the neighborhood of towns, where the necessity of a sole and exclusive property in lands (for the sake of agriculture) was earlier felt and therefore more readily complied with. Otherwise when the multitude of men and cattle had consumed every convenience on one spot of ground it was deemed a natural right to seize upon and occupy such other lands as would more easily supply their necessities. We have a striking example of this in the history of Abraham and bis nephew Lot. When their joint substance became so great that pasture and other conveniences grew scarce the natural consequence was that a strife arose between their servants, so that it was no longer practicable to dwell together. This contention Abraham thus endeavored to compose: “Let there be no strife. I pray thee, between me and thee. Is not the whole land before thee? Separate thyself. I pray thee, from me. If thou wilt take the left band, then I will go to the right, or if thou depart to the right hand, then I will go to the left.” This plainly implies an acknowledged right in either to occupy whatever ground he pleased that was not preoccupied by other tribes. “And Lot lifted up his eyes and beheld all the plain of Jordan, that It was well watered everywhere, ever as the garden of the Lord. Then Lot chose him all the plain of Jordan and journeyed east, and Abraham dwelt in the land of Canaan.” As the world grew by degrees more populous It daily became more difficult to find out new spots to inhabit without encroaching upon former occupants. and by constantly occupying the same individual spot the fruits of the earth were consumed and its spontaneous products destroyed without any provision for future supply or succession. It therefore became necessary to pursue some regular method of providing a constant subsistence, and this necessity produced or at least promoted and encouraged the art of agriculture. And the art of agriculture, by a regular connection and consequence, Introduced and established the idea of a more permanent property in the soil than had hitherto been received and adopted. It was clear that the earth would not produce her fruits in sufficient quantities without the assistance of tillage, but who would be at the pains of tilling it if another might watch an opportunity to seize upon and enjoy the product of his industry, art and labor? Had not therefore a separate property in lands as well as movables been vested In some Individuals the world must have continued a forest and men have been mere animals of prey, whereas now (so graciously has Providence interwoven our duty and our happiness together) the result of this very necessity has been the ennobling of the human species by giving it opportunities of improving its rational as well as of exerting its natural faculties. Necessity begat property, and in order to insure that property recourse was had to civil society, which brought along with it a long train of inseparable concomitants—states, government, laws, punishments and the public exercise of religious duties. Thus connected together, it was found that a part only of society was sufficient to provide by their manual labor for the necessary subsistence of all, and leisure was given to others to cultivate the human mind, to invent useful arts and to lay the foundations of science.— From Blackstone. Did Not Go to Roost. A matter of fact mind, like Mrs. Salter’s, is a comfort to the person who has it and a never ending delight to the person's friends. “I suppose you went to bed with the chickens while you were away,” said one of the neighbors after Mrs. Salter had returned from her vacation visit to a farm. . “No, indeed,” said Mrs. Salter tndignantlv. “They were very neat, quiet people, though they’ve never had city advantages. We had rooms in the front of the house, on the second story, and the chickens slept somewhere at the back of the house. We never saw them after sunset, and we were there nearly three weeks. I am sure farming people are often more particular than we have been led tv suppose.”— Youth's Companion First Jewelry Store. It may interest women to know that the first jewelry store was started iu the city of Chang On about 3,000 years ago. The Celestial millionaires of that period knew nothing of the fascination of diamonds, because diamonds were not in vogue at that B C. period. Pearls and jade and coral and other unpolished mineral substances had to content them, and, as if to make good the glitter of revieres and tiaras, the primes of Chang Ou employed ar Lans to fashion them the most wonderful gold aud silver or " which in themselves were far mor costly than diamonds.— Boston Herald.

A Laconic Cnrrenpondence. It is said tharihe celebrated German theologian, Schleiermacher, was rather inclined to save than to spend money. He was at one time quite ill and sent for a renowned physician, Dr. Grafe, who was court physician at the time and whose son became the great oculist. Schleiermacher recovered, ana when fully restored to health he sen* a polite note to Dr. Grafe. expressing uts gratitude aud inclosing 4 loin* d or, begging the physician to accept this small sum as a token of bis appreciation of the services which had been rendered him. The following day he received his gold pieces again, accompanied by the following laconic note from the great physician: “The poor I cure for nothing. The well to do pay mo according to the regular ‘medicine tax.’ The rich reward me lavishly, according as it suits their pleasure!” Thereupon the clergyman sat down and sent Dr. Grafe this still more laconic answer: “The 4 louis d’or are received back with gratitude. The poor Schleiermacher!” GnMric and XcrvouM Vertigo. The most common forms of verrigt are the gastric and the nervous. Gastric vertigo is sometimes induced by a very slight disorder of the stomach. The patient may feel a sudden swimming at the head; objects may seem to revolve; he totters and perhaps falls. There may be nausea, faintness, headache, visual hallucinations and buzzing in the ears, but there is no deaf ness nor any danger of a loss of con sciousness. Gastric vertigo is cured by treatment directed to the cause. Nervous vertigo may come from nervous exhaustion resulting from various causes—lntellectual strain or an immoderate use of tobacco, alcohol or tea. The symptoms are much the same as in gastric vertigo. They are felt strongly in an elevated position—by the preacher in the pulpit or the speaker on the platform. As In gastric ver tigo. the treatment must be directed to the cause. But patients need not fear an attack of paralysis or of apoplexy. Lai»r* Used Before Candles. Lamps were used before candles. They date back almost as far as history goes and were common iu ancient Egypt, China, Assyria, Greece and Rome. Lamp, from the Greek lampas, a torch, and candle, from kandeel, the Egyptian word for a common lamp originally meant the same thing, anc the Mosaic candlestick held oil lamp* not candles, as we now use the word. Man early improved on the torches of the Homeric age and caught the idea of obtaining light from porous fiber soaked in animal or vegetable oils. Lamps of brass, bronze and stone have been found in the pyramids and in ancient Indian templds. and common tetra cotta ones were in general use for domestic purposes in Greece in the fourth century B. C. The earliest candles we hear of were those of the ancient Romans made of rushes coated with fat or wax. Bellm and Bees. It is a foolish notion to suppose that the ringing of bells or “tanging” of tin pans will cause a swarm of bees to settle. The real origin of this custom dated back to the reign of Alfred the Great, who, in order to prevent disputes regarding the ownership of a swarm, ordered that the owner should always ring a bell when his bees swarmed, and ever since then the good farmer’s wife has been rushing out with ringing bells whenever the bees swarmed, and the fact that they settled verified, in her own mind, the belief that the bell did it. Dry Humor. An eastern rheumatic who was visiting in southern Arizona was asked by the editor of one of the local dailies what he thought of that country. “Wonderful dry air,” said the invalid. “Yes, everything is always as dry as dust out here," said the editor. “By the way, while you're stopping here for your health yon ought to let me send you my paper.” Something Juul as Good. “Young man.” asked the girl’s father, “have you any visible means of support?” “Why—aw—none that are visible to the naked eye,” replied the young man hesitatingly. “I anyone of the microbe specialists of the health department.”—Chicago Tribune. No Waitin? For Breakfast. Baxter—Married life isn't what it used to be. Sisson—You’re right there. Since the kitchen stove has been supplanted by a gas range there’s no such thing as lying in bed in the morning, soothed by the sweet thought that your wife is at work building the fire.—Boston Transcript. Merely a Feeler. The Count—Did her father acquire his money honestly? Miss Bright (sarcastically)—Oh, yes! If he did not I suppose you would not marry her? The Count—Not at all. If he acquired it dishonestly he would probably be too clever to give any of it away.—New York Times. Him Argument. Mrs. Jones—You oujjbt to be ashamed of yourself not to go to work. The Tramp—Madam, if nature has fitted me to get along without work why should 1 struggle against my manifest destiny? DraffKinic the Anchor. “I see Newlywed at the club quite often since his baby came. I thought he was firmly anchored to a home life ” “He was. but at the first squall b» began to drag his anchor."

Washington, D. C.,®May 20.— Howard Elliot, president of the Northern Pacific, told the Senate Interstate Commerce committee that the government cannot force the lines to expand. He said if the oommhttee would use the power it had iu regard to rates instead of dilly-dallying with railroad officials the regulation could b. settled immediately. Melrose, Mass., May 23.—Mrs. Mary A. Livermore, a writer, reformer and woman suffragist, died here today.

wLOVER LEAP. In effect June 26,1204 EAST. . s—Commercial Traveler, dally,.. 6:17 a m 1 2—Mall, dally, except Sunday. ..12 vi a m ■1 4—Day Express, dally 7:34 p m ) W—Local Freight... 1:00 pm WEST 0 3—D*j Bxpress. dalir 5:53* tn o I—Mall, dally, except Sunday .. J1:39» m 0 s—Commercial Traveler, dally 9:11 p m '" 't —Local Freight.... 9:60 a n>

RAILROAD HEW ERIE TIME TABLE. EAST BOUND <o. 8 2:38 a. m. io. 22 ex. Sun__ 6:58 a. m. 10. 4 _ _ 4:40 p.m. <o. 14 ex, Sun 8:20 p. m. 10. 10 9.50 p. m. No. i 4 does not carry baggage, and does not arry passengers east of Marion, uhio. WEST BOUND 10. 7 2:00 a. m 9 - - 2:57 a. m io. 21 ex. Sun —10:10 a. m io. 3 12;44 p. m io. 13 , 5:56 p m except Monday’s & days fol’sr legal holidays No. 13 does not carry baggage.

Grand Rapids & Indiana. In effect April 23, 1905 TRAINS NORTH. No s—Leaves Decatur 1:30 a m “ “ Fort Wayne 2:2oam “ Kalamazoo s:2oam “ Arrives Grand Rapids 6:45am “ “ Petoskey 2:50 pm “ “ Mackinaw City 4:15 pm N.o7—Leaves Decatur 7:59am Fort Wayne B:soam “ Kalamazoo 12:15pm Arrives Grand Rapids 2:65 pm “ “ Petoskey 9:35 pm “ “ Mackinaw City 10:5b pm No. 3—Leaves Decatur 3:17 p m Fort Wayne 4:2opm “ Kalamazoo B;ospm Arrives Grand Rapids 9:40 pm ” Petoskey 6.05 a.m ” Mackinaw City 7:20 am TRAINS SOUTH No. 6—Leaves Decatur 1:08 a m Portland ....2:olam “ Winchester 2:37 am •• Arrives Richmond 3:30 a m “ “ Cincinnati 7:15 am “ “ Indianapolis 6:50 am “ “ Louisville 10:05 am “ “ St. Louis I:’4 p m No. 12—Leaves Decatur 7:14 am •• •• Portland 8:15 a m “ “ Winchester 8:56 am *• Arrives Richmond 9:42 am •’ Cincinnati 12:20 pm “ “ Indianapolis 12:10 pm “ “ St. r juis 7:10 p m No. 2—Leaves Deca .r I:l6pm “ ” P irtland 2:13 p m “ Winchester 2:50 pm *• Arrives Richmond 3:40 pm “ “ Cincinnati 5:55 pm “ “ Louisville 7:00 am “ “ St. Louis 7:46 am N 0.30— Leaves Decatur ... 7:5) pm “ Arrives Portland 8:55 pm No. 15—Leaves Decatur 7:46 pm “ •• Portland 8:45 pm *• Winchester 9:25 pm “ Arrives Richmond 10:15 pm 1:30 train sleeping car to Grand Rapids and dackinaw Dity. 7:59 a. m. train parlor car to Irand Rapids and Mackinaw City 3:17 P- m. rain parlor car to Grand Rapids, sleeping car Mackins w City. Trains arrive from north at ':08 a. m. /.14a. m. 1:16 p. m. 7:51 p.m. t. Bryson, Age. C. L. Lockwood, G. F.A Gr. Rapids. Mic.

ROY ARCHBOLD DENTIST I. O. O. F. BLOCK ’Phones —Office 164, residence 246 MANN & CHRISTEN, Architects. Are prepared to do any kind of work lu their line. Persons contemplating building can save times, trouble and money by consulting them. Office- MANN & CHRISTEN, Bowers Block. Monroe st. Architect AUCTIONEER For Good Service See L. H. GAGE (Speaks German and English) Auctioneer and Sale Crier. Rates 54.00 Sales over SSOO 80c per SIOO. Leave address at Berne Witness Office, Berne, Ind l i n n & p;a T t o n Carpenters, Contractors and Builders: Slate Roofers and Galvanized Gutters. Shop, Corner Rugg and Market Streets. Linn & Patton jTdThale DEALER IN Seeds, H*ay, Wool, Oil Salt, Coal, Lime, Cement Fertilizers. Office and retail store store southeast cor. net of Second and Jefferson streets. fair Your patronage solicited. 1

B BW »S Ba B B B FB Publication. Printed in Mjfß W 8 K W, Jr> & NINE DIFFERENT LANW Js>&atar %Jr vB GUAGES. Contains Correct Calendars for all latitudes. W Eclipse, Tide and Weather jMk B BA Tables. Astronomical data. /» ™ 3 W B — ■ >is« of Fast and other |wyg3R W 5 M Kyß I S «■ 8 Holiday., graphic Moonlight JEjml 110111 l W ‘ C K o ii complete CATALOGUE OF DISEASES, with directions how to treat them. x; uSVo 1 -««£ fr«:

< an ontet for uswsilg as w, Ws out teas, anttout coy' ove ff eslvff owittte coffee voastovs. ttioij ftllsogttteg new used sutttsWes. hor motto Isnolttoo 1 fiieatattutW goo£ b. Ow taemlws to tt\e tattles tor Wuigorttevssurtjass all ®ttjoetattons.ttfe started out sixteen uoacs ago to (tattle viqttt thing, aiulu'ettaVo ttouett.tts a. result .we non) have the husiuess. ttJe uoiov commence to sell qoottsta a uetattr ttorhoottlmtu'hol our goods ore Vleastnq to the hoodie. Tahe ovtters yorusantthavetttegoott ulllof gouv neighbors tavUilugs ore Right. (MdvessTov catalog of ttrenuums Liiiia VoaCowiWiiUiiia.tt.

D. D. HELLER & SON, ATTORNEYS AT LAW. Offica over Blackburn & Christen's drug store J, Q. Neptune. D. D.B. C. E. Neptune, D.D. 8 'Pnoae 23. 'Phone 236. Neptune Brothers, DENTISTS.. Rooms 1. 2, 3, 4. Spangier Building. Decatur, Indiana. Office Phone 207. Lady Attendant English. German and Swiss spoken. FRED RE P P.E RT, Sale Crier and Auctioneer. DECATUR, - - - - - . INDIANA Speaks English,■German, Swiss and Low German, DORE B. ERWIN, ATTORNEY AT LAW. Office. -—Corner Monroe and Second street'. General practitioner. No charge tor consul tatlon AMOS P. BEATTY ATTORNEY AT LAW And Notary Public. Pension claims prose cuted. Odd Fellows building. 1 MERRYMAN & SUTTON. ATTORNEYS AT LAW, DECATUR. IND. Office—Noe. 1, 2. 3, over Adame Co. Bank, We refer, by permission to Adams Co. Bank BCHURGER & SMITH, ATTORNEYS AT LAW. Notar'es. Abstracters, K* al Estate Agents Money to Loan. Deeds and Mortgages writ ten on short notice. Office in Allison biocF second story, over Fristoe’s Smoke House Decatur. Indiana

Weak Men ffladeVigorous fcoAY now What PEFFER’S NERVIGOR Did It acts powerfully and quickly. Cures when a; others fall Young men regain lost n.antoodiol men recover youthful vigor. Absolutely Guar anteed to Cure Nervousness, Lost Vitality lu*potency, Nightly Emission*. Lost Power either sex, Failing Memory, Wanting Dis eanes, and all effects of self-abuse or excesses an' indiscretion Wards on insanity and coiiaumptlor Don't let druggist impose a worthless substitute o: you because it yields a greater profit. Insist on hav Ing PEFFER’S NEK VIGOR, or send for It Cai be carried In vest pocket. Prepaid, plain wrapper 11 per box, or 6 for $5, with A Written Guar an tee to Cure or Refund Money. Pamphlet fre PEFFEB MEDICAL ASS’N. Chicago* ID Sold by Blackburn & Christen

Mortgage Loans. Money Loaned on favonlle <erms Low Rate of Interest. Privelege of partial payments, Abstracts of Title carefully prepared. F. M. SGHIRMEYER, Oof. Second aqa Madison sts. Decatur. Indiana.

DOCTOR E. J. Beardsley, General Practice and Surgery. But Special Attention given to Eye Ear Noee, Throat and Chronic Diseases. Expert in Eitting Classes. thoroughly equipped for treating Eye. Eai Throat and Catarrhal cases. CALLS answered, day or night. OFFICE—over nos toffioe. RESIDENCE-sor. Monroe and Ninth sts Office Hours--9to 11 a. m. 2 to 4 p. m

axative firomo Quinine ires a Cold iu One Day, Gripm 2 Days ® n ever y *»<» 25c

$250,000.

$250,000 to loan on improved farms at lowest rate of interest, we can place your loan’at a lower rate of interest and less expense than any other Agency in he city. The Decatur Abstract & Loan Company Rooms 3 and 4, Studabaker Block

DON’T BE A SLAVE To the Liquor or Drug Habit When a speedy, harmless and permanent Cure is within the reach of all? THOUSANDS of happy, prosperous and soderMen testify to the efficacy of the Cure as administered ai THE KEELEY INSTITUTE HARIDN, INDIANA 1204 S. Adams Street Confidences Carefully Guarded

Arkansas Texas Louisiana An ideal country for cheap homes. Land at $5 $lO, sls, acre; gro«s corn, cotton, wheat, oats, grasses, fruits and egetables. Stock ranges 10 months in the year. Southeast Missori, Akansas, Louisiana and Texas are full of opportunities — the climate is mild, the soil is rich, the lands are cheap. Low home-seekers’ rates —about half fare —via the Cotton Belt twice a month — first and third Tuesday. For descriptive literature, maps and excursion ratesj write to l. 0. SCHAEEER, T. P. A. Cotton Belt Route CINCINNATI OHIO.