Decatur Democrat, Volume 45, Number 39, Decatur, Adams County, 5 December 1901 — Page 9

WO rk forth lr own countries Just as railroads work for their terminal points. Shipping l int ‘ s ' if established to the principal countries with which we h . ivi . dealings, would lie offGlitical as well as commercial bet?fit. From ev(.rv standpoint it is unwise for the United States to continue to rely upon <tlie ships of competing nations for tile distribution of our goods. It should be made advantageous to carry American goods in American built ships. ' At present American shipping is tin der certain great disadvantages when put in competition witli the shipping <,f foreign countries. Many of the fast foreign st< aniships, at a speed of fourteen knots or above, are subsidized, and all our ships, sailing vessels and steamers alike, cargo carriers of slow speed and mail carriers of high speed, have to meet the fact that the original c ost of building American ships is treater than is the case abroad: th it the wages paid American oflicers and seamen are very much higher than those paid the oflicers and seamen of foreign competing countries, and that the standard of living on our ships is far superior to the standard of living on tiie ships of our commercial rivals. Our government should take such action as will remedy these inequalities. The American merchant marine should be restored to the ocean. Financial. The passage of the act establishing gold as the standard money has, it is declared, been shown to be timely and judicious. The president adds: In many respects the national banking law furnishes sufficient liberty for the proper exercise of the banking function, but there seems to be need of better safeguards against the deranging influence of commercial crises and financial panics. Moreover, the currency of the country should be made responsive to the demands of < ur domestic trade and commerce. Economy in expenditures is urged. Amendment of the interstate commerce act is advised to insure the cardinal provisions of that act. The work carried on by the department of agriculture is next considered and praised highly. The president then turns to forest preservation and Irrigation of arid lands, saying that both are highly necessary. He would put all the work in connection with the forest reserves in charge of the bureau of forestry. Irrigation. The president, continues by tracing the connection between the forest reserves and the water supply. He says: The forests are natural reservoirs. By restraining the streams in flood and replenishing them in drought they make possible the use of waters otherwise wasted. They prevent the soil from washing and so protect the storage reservoirs from filling up with silt. Forest conservation is. therefore, an essential condition of water conservation.

The forests alone cannot, however, fully regulate anil conserve the waters of the arid region. Great storage works are necessary to equalize the flow of streams and to save the flood waters. Their construction has been conclusively shown to be an undertaking too vast for private effort. Nor can it be best accomplished by the individual states acting alone. The government should construct and maintain these reservoirs as it docs other public works. Where their purpose is to regulate the flow of streams, the water should be turned freely into the channels in the dry season to take the same course under the same laws as the natural flow. The reclamation of the unsettled arid public lands presents a different problem. Here ft is not enough to regulate the flow of streams. The object of the government is to dispose of the land to settlers who will build homes upon it To accomplish this object water must lie brought within their reach. The pioneer settlers on the arid public domain chose their homes along streams from which they could themselves divert the water to reclaim their holdings. Such opportunities are practically gone. There remain, however, vast areas of public land which can be made available for homestead settlement, but only by reservoirs and main line canals impracticable for private enterprise. These irrigation works should be built by the national government. The lands reclaimed by them should lie reserved by the government for actual settlers, and the cost of construction should, so far as possible, be repaid by the land reclaimed. The distribution of tlie water, the division of the streams among irrigators, should be left to the settlers themselves in conformity with state laws and without interference with those laws or with vested rights. The declaration is made that in the arid states the only right to water which should be recognized is that of use. The president says that the doctrine of private ownership of water apart from land cannot prevail without causing wrong. Insular Problems. Insular questions are next treated. In Hawaii our alm must lie to develop the territory on the traditional American lines. Porto Rico is declared to be thriving as never before. The attention of congress is called to the need of legislation concerning the Island’s public lands. In Cuba it Is stated that much progress has been made toward putting the independent government of the Island upon a linn footing, and It Is declared that Independence will be an accomplished fact. The president adds: Elsewhere I have discussed the question of reciprocity. In the case of Cuba, however, there are weighty reasons of morality und of national Interest why the policy should be held to have a peculiar application, and I most ear-, neatly ask your attention to the wisdom, indeed to the vital need, of pro- . Tiding for a substantial reduction In

ESdS" rubaM ,mporte into wlth Philippine peostrength "r' Sh "' V 110,11 ~ati“ nee and forbearance and steadfast resolu 'on. Our aim is high. We do not X’t f<lr the isla "'hTs merely w h. t has elsewhere been done for trop '""’"h's by even the best foreign U m,. nts . W e hope for them '' ; *t has never before been done for any people of the tropics to make government after fas don of the really free nations. J he only fear is lest in our overanx'Jlence for which they are unfit. . , inviting reaction and disaster, as there is any reasonable hope t in a given district the people can themselves self government nas been given j„ tllllt district. There not a locality fitted for self government which lias not received it. But it may well be that in certain cases it will have to be withdrawn because the inhabitants show themselves unfit to exercise it; such instances have already occurred. In other words, there is not the slightest chance of our failing to show a sufficiently humanitarian spirit, i be danger comes in the opposite direction. Troubles Ahead Yet. There are still troubles ahead in the islands. The insurrection has become au affair of local banditti and maraud ers, who deserve uo higher regard than the brigands of portions of the old world. Encouragement, direct or indirect, to these iusurrectos stands on the same footing as encouragement to hostile Indians in the days when we still had Indian wars. Ihe president declares that the time lias come for additional legislation for the Philippines. He says: It is necessary that the congress should pass laws by which the resources of the islands can be developed, so that franchises (for limited terms of years) can be granted to companies doing business in them and every encouragement be given to the incoming of business men of every kind. It is urgently necessary to enact suitable laws dealing with general transportation, mining, banking, currency, homesteads and the use and ownership of the lands and timber. These laws will give free play to industrial enterprise, and the commercial development which will surely follow will afford to the people of the islands the best proofs of the sincerity of our desire to aid them.

The Cable and the Canal. I call your attention most earnestly to the crying need of a cable to Hawaii and the Philippines, to be continued from the Philippines to points in Asia. We should not defer a day longer than necessary the construction of such a cable. It Is demanded not merely for commercial but for political and military considerations. Either the congress should immediately provide for the construction of a government cable or else an arrangement should be made by which like advantages to those accruing from a government cable may be secured to the government by contract with a private cable company. No single great material work which remains to be undertaken on this continent is of such consequence to the American people as the building of a canal across the isthmus connecting North and South America. Its importance to the nation is by no means limited merely to its material effects upon our business prosperity, and yet with a view to these effects alone it would be to the last degree important for us immediately to begin it. While its beneficial effects would perhaps be most marked upon the Pacific coast and the gulf and South Atlantic states, it would also greatly benefit other sections. It is emphatically a work which it is for the interest of the entire country to begin and complete as soon as possible. I am glad to be able to announce to you that our negotiations on this subject with Great Britain, conducted on both sides in a spirit of friendliness and mutual good will, have resulted in my being able to lay before the senate a treaty which, if ratified, will enable us to begin preparations for an isthmian canal at any time ami which guarantees to this nation every right that it lias ever asked in connection with the canal, it specifically provides that the United States alone shall do the work of building and assume the responsibility of safeguarding the canal and shall regulate its neutral use by all nations on terms of equality without the guarantee or interference of any outside nation from any quarter. The Monroe Doctrine. The Monroe doctrine should be the cardinal feature of the fori ign policy of all I lie nations of the two Americus, as it is of the United States. The Monroe doctrine is a declaration that there must bo no territorial aggrandizement by any non-Aiuerican power at the ex pense of any American power on American soil. It is in nowise intended as hostile to any nation in the old world. Still less is it intended to give cover to any aggression by one new world power at the expense of any other. It is simply a step, and a long step, toward assuring the universal peace of the world by securing the possibility of permanent peace on this hemisphere. I Hiring the past century other Influences have established the permanence and Independence of the smaller states of Europe. Through the Monroe doetrim' we hope to be nidi* to safeguard like Independence and secure like permanence for the lesser among the new world nations. This doctrine lias nothing to do with the commercial relations of any American power save that It In truth allows each of them to form such ns it desires. In other words, It Is really a guarantee of the commercial Independence of the Americas. We do not ask under this doctrine for any exclusive commercial dealings with any other American state We do not guarantee uuj state

against punishment if It mlseondueti itself, provided that punishment does not take the form of the acquisition of territory by any non-American power. Our attitude in Cuba is a sufficient guarantee of our own good faith. We have not the slightest desire to secure any territory at Hie expense of any of our neighbors. The Navy. The president devotes considerable space to the navy, the upbuilding of whijjii- be says, should be steadily continued. 'The navy offers us, it is declared, the only means of insisting on the Monroe doctrine, and a strong navy is the best guarantee against war. He recommends that provision be made riot only for more ships, but for more men. Four thousand additional seamen and 1,000 additional marines should be provided, as well as an increase in officers. After indorsing the naval militia forces the president says: But in addition we should at once provide for a national naval reserve, organized and trained under the direction of the navy department and subject to the call of the chief executive whenever war becomes imminent. It should be a real auxiliary to the naval seagoing peace establishment and offer material to be drawn on at once for manning our ships in time of war. The Army. It is not necessary to increase our army beyond its present size at this time, but it is necessary to keep it at the highest point of efficiency'. The individual units who as officers and enlisted men compose this army are, we have good reason to believe, at least as efficient as those of any other army in tiie entire world. It is our duty to see that their training is of a kind to insure tiie highest possible expression of power to these units when acting in combination. A general staff should be created. Promotions should be made solely with regard to the good of the service. Congress ought to provide, the president adds, for field exercises. He continues: Action should be taken in reference to the militia and to the raising of volunteer forces. Our militia law is obsolete and worthless. The organization and armament of the national guard of the several states, which are treated as militia in the appropriations by the congress, should be made identical with those provided for the regular forces. The obligations and duties of the guard in time of war should be carefully defined and a system established by law under which the method of procedure of raising volunteer forces should be prescribed in advance. The Merit System. The president indorses the merit system of making appointments and says: I recommend the passage of a law which will extend the classified service to the District of Columbia or will at least enable the president thus to extend it. In my judgment all laws providing for the temporary employment of clerks should hereafter contain a provision that they be selected under the civil service law. It is important to have this system obtain at home, but it is even more important to have it applied rigidly in our insular possessions. The importance of improving the consular service by the passage of new laws is emphasized. The president then turns to the Indian question. lie says: We should now break up the tribal funds, doing for them what allotment does for the tribal lands —that is, they should be divided into individual holdings. There will be a transition period during which the funds will in many cases have to be held in trust. This is the case also with the lands. A stop should be put upon the Indiscriminate permission to Indians to lease their allotments. The effort should be steadily to make the Indian work like any other man on his own ground. The marring ■ laws of the Indians should be made the same as those of the whites. In the schools the education should be elementary and largely industrial. Cordial support from congress and people is asked for the St Louis exposition. The Charleston exposition is commended to the good will of tiie people. The work of the Pan-American exposition is praised. It is recommended that the census office as now constituted should be made a permanent government bureau. The Poatal Service. A tribute is paid to tiie postal service, and tiie extension of free rural delivery is commended. Tiie postoffice department should be sustained, the president says, in its efforts to remove the abuses in connection with second class mail matter. Much attention is paid to the situation in China, and the progress toward tiie establishment of peace there is recapitulated Stress Is laid on the Importance of out continuing to advocate moderation in the dealings with China. The president concludes his message as follows: The death of Queen Victoria caused the people of the United States deep and heartfelt sorrow, to which the government gave full expression. When President McKinley died, our nation in turn received from every quarter of the British empire expressions of grief and sympathy no less sincere. The death of the Empress Dowager Frederick of Germany also aroused the genuine sympatliy of the American people, and this sympathy was cordially reciprocated by Germany when the president was assassinated. Indeed, from every quarter of the civilized world we received nt the time of the president's death asKiirmid's of such grief and regard as to touch the hearts of our people. In the midst of our aflllctlon we reverently thank the Almighty that we are at peace with the nations of mankind, and we firmly Intend Hint our policy shall be such as to continue unbroken these International relations of mutual respect end good will.

TWO FAMOUS EIDERS STRIKING FEATS OF ENDURANCE IN THE PIONEER DAYS OF THE WEST. Aubrey's Ride Was the Greatest Physical Achievement liver Accomplished In This Country—Frontiersman Jim Moore’s Hard Ride. The greatest physical achievement ever accomplished in this country was the ride of F. X. Aubrey from the plaza of Santa Fe, N. M„ to the Public square at Independence, Mo., a distance of nearly 800 miles, through a country inhabited by warlike Indians, a large part of which was then a sandy desert. It was about the year 1851 that Aubrey gave bis wonderful test of human endurance, before which all other attempts of the kind pale into insignificance. He was a short, heavy set man, 38 years of age, in the prime of manhood and strength. His business for ten years as a Santa Fe trader had made him perfectly familiar with the trail and all the stopping places. He was a perfect horseman, and, although there were great riders in those days, none of them cared to dispute the palm with Aubrey. On a wager of SI,OOO he undertook to ride alone from Santa Fe to Independence inside of six days. It was without a thought of fear that he undertook the terrible feat. It was to be the supreme effort of his life, and he sent half a dozen of the swiftest horses ahead, to be stationed at different points for use in the ride. He left Santa Fe in a sweeping gallop, ami that was the pace kept up during nearly every hour of the time until he fell fainting from his foam covered horse in the square ».t Independence. No man could keep up with the rider, and he would have killed every horse in the west rather than have failed in the undertaking. It took him just 5 days and 19 hours to perform the feat, and it cost the lives of several of his best horses.

After being carried into a room in the old hotel at Independence Aubrey lay for 48 hours in a dead stupor before he came to his senses. He would never have recovered from the shock bad it not been for his wonderful constitution. The feat was unanimously regarded by western men as the greatest exhibition of strength and endurance ever known on the plains. The ride of Jim Moore, a noted frontiersman of the pioneer days, is also worthy of mention. Moore was a man of almost perfect physique. In fact, by military standards he was a model. He weighed 1(50 pounds, stood 5 feet 10 inches, straight as an arrow, with good neck well set on his shoulders, small waist, but good loins, and had the limbs of a thoroughbred. No finer looking man physically ever rode a broncho than Jim Moore. He could run like an Indian, was as active as a panther, the best natured man in the wqrld, but as courageous as a Hon. In the early sixties Moore was a pony express rider. His route was from Midway station, half way between Fort Kearney and Cottonwood Springs, to Julesburg, a distance of 140 miles. Moore rode the round trip of 280 miles once a week. The stations were from 10 to 14 miles apart, and a fresh horse of Spanish blood was obtained at each station. There was little delay in these changes of horses, as the rider gave the “coyote yell” half a mile away, and, day or night, the station men had the pony ready, so that the rider had only to dismount from one horse and mount the other, and with a dig of the spurs he was on a run again. This ride of 140 miles usually was made in 12 hours.On each route there were two express riders, one going each way. As easy as it may seem to some for a man to bestride fresh horse after horse for 140 miles, there were few men able to stand up to it. Upon the occasion of which I am to speak Moore’s route partner had been ailing, and Moore was anticipating and dreading that he might have to double the route. In this anticipation he real ized that there is a time limit to endurance, and therefore lie gave the bronchos a little more of tiie steel than usual and made the trip to Julesburg in 11 hours. Arriving at Julesburg, he had ills fears confirmed. Ills partner was in bed. He had hoped that he might have a few hours for rest, but before he had time to dismount and stretch his cramped and tired muscles the “coyote yell” of the east going rider was heard. He drank some cold coffee, filled his pocket with cold meat and was In the saddle again for another 14V mile ride. In order to be able to live the route out he sent them for ail there was in them, with the result that he arrived at Midway. after having ridden 28V miles, In 22 hours from the time he had left there. Ben Holliday gave him a gold watch and a certificate of bis remarkable performance. Many of the old frontiersmen now living knew Moore, knew of bls 28V mile ride in 22 hours and have seen the watch and certlfloate.—Spirit of the Times. Cheerful Inducement*. The following advertisement recently appeared In the London Morning Post: “A rock built, crenelated castle, buffeted by the Atlantic surge, at one of the most romantic and dreaded points of our Iron bound const, in full view of the Death stone; shipwrecks frequent, corpses common; three reception and seven bedrooms; every modern convenience; 10 guineas a week. Address,” etc. ’ Him Favorite Dinh. “What Is your favorite dish?” Inquired Mrs. Frontpew of the Rev. Longface, the new pnstor. She felt sure It was chicken, but It proved not. “Er—the contribution plate,” answered the Rev. Longface absently.— Ohio State Journal.

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