Decatur Democrat, Volume 37, Number 18, Decatur, Adams County, 21 July 1893 — Page 2

®hc democrat DECATUR, IND. 4L RfcACXBURN, - ■ ■ PvßLrenxn. (Don’t ch ■ 1 -i * And wonder why Down *° * n d •<> >» p ro( * perous and yon •re not YOU CAN BE. Advertise. Get people to come to your etore. In short, make money by advertisings Others da The moral of those great, lumberflag and top-heavy warships is: Don’t taiild them.' It’s hard toplease some folks. An , editor who is coroner in a dead town declares that he is not happy. The sun spots are on hand and the •atrooomers once more have something with which to entertain themeelves and the public. There is great difficulty in viewtag with respectful pity the man wWo tries to blow brains out of himself «nd fails to And any. The moral of the German elections H that the young Kaiser finds the yolicy of getting along without Bismarck a very difficult and hazardous '"Chicago Mail: From appearances It appears that it would have cost the Humane Society less if it had bought the cowboys’ bronchos outttlgbU If anyone fires the postage stamp conundrum at you, reply “five threes, thirty-four twos and seventeen ones.” The conundrum is to ask for a dollar’s worth of stamps, twice as many <wos as ones, and the remainder in threes. ______________ A Missouri man is doing a good deal of blowing about twin mules whiqb he claims to have. Naturalfeta are authority for the statement that twin mules are almost as much of a rarity as hens’ teeth. The common sense solution is that they are too contrary to tiavel in pairs. Some idea of the immensity of one of the industries in the State of Maine may be obtained from the fact that during the season just closed over $400,000 was paid out for potatoes at Caribou Station alone, exclusive of what was paid for starch potatoes and what was received by tanners who did their own shipping. Canada would like to sell her thousand islands,” but as she protects her game fish by law far better than Uncle Sam does, sportsmen will object. Your uncle stocks rivers and takes with fine varieties of fish, and ■then licenses “the pound,” <oet,” and any other device that is degopulating Lake Erie (the finest flsKtW lake in the word) of its game lah. About 30,000 couples have been divorced in France during the last five fears, and now a law has just been read in the Chamber of Deputies for the first time designed to make a oeverance of the matrimonial bonds 'much easier still. It provides that a mere judicial separation can be changed to a definite divorce after the lapse of three years on the demand of either party, plaintiff or mspoodent. Thebe is something cool in the way the English papers speak of the staking of the Victoria as an “accident.” In the same way the fall of the Ford Theater building in Washtagtou was called an “accident." The ■friends of those whose lives were •served in the last-named casualty haveidiscovered a method of ascertaining whether it was accidental or ®ot; and the friends of the drowned crew of the Victoria will probably make a similar discovery. The desecration of the historic field of Gettysburg by the building of an electric railway is an outrage that ought to be stopped at opce. The contractors are cutting down trees, digging through hills, removing boulders, and generally disfiguring the landscape. The matter has been brought to the attention of the Secretary of War, who doubts his authority to interfere, and in the meantime the vandalism proceeds. The price of coal has taken another apward jump. The announcement is not accompanied by any explanation of the advance, for explanations which do not justify are very unsatisfactory to all parties concerned. The combine charges more for coal elmply because it can. It reverses the usual law of supply and demand, and when the smallest supply of coal fe needed seeks some compensation for reduced sales by charging a higher «ate for what is sold. The result of the German elections shows such an increase of socialist strength as bodes 111 for the future peace of the country and of Europe. The Government may have power tc pass its bill for an increase of the army. If It does so the Emperor will vary probably Precipitate war In order to unite the patriotic instinct o! - the German people in defense of the fatherland. That is the game thal despotic governments have more that wnce played. In a government by the

J people nothing is gained by war, and r I therefore wart will be avoided wherj over possible. 1 —»WW The famous Marshal Saxe had - more sense of incongruity than those who would give him honor. Under Louis XIV. there seemed to be a sort of fever for taking into the French Academy men who were illustrious for things other than literature. When they would have conferred this honor upon Saxe, he promptly iefused to accept. In a letter written a little later he says, “They want tc pute me in the Cadamy. That woulc look like a ring on a kat.” A drastic measure for the rcgula tion and restriction of foreign immi gration is before the Legislature oi New South Wales. It regulates the conditions of residence of foreigners already resident in the colony, restricts the immigration of persons belonging to colored races, and absolutely excludes all Asiatics, “whethei subjects of the Queen or not’ There is a sentiment in favor of such a measure in the colony, but, as it would have to receive the consent oi the crown, It is not likely to become a law in its present form. Some curious statistics reach us from Germany. It appears that the result of the latest census showed that there were in that country fourteen million’ of single women against fifteen millions of single men; whereas there were two millions of widows against only three-quarters oi a million of widowers. From this it would appear that the German widow either abstains from a second experiment in matrimony on the ground ol the failure of the first experiment, or that the German men are prejudiced against a widow wife. Some of the incidents connected with the financial flurry would be ludicrous under less distressing circumstances. For example, a New Jersey bank,*with many Hungarian miners among its depositors, sustained a run of two or three days because the Huns did not understand the significance of the/closed” card, indicating suspension of the day’s business at noon on Saturdays. Removing the card had no effect upon the ignorant depositors. The trickle had started, and soon broadened intc a dangerous crevasse. The ingenious device of stacking up immense piles of money on the desks had the desired effect. The Huns needed nc interpreter to understand the significance of half a cord of bank notes. II 111 If credence may be given to statistics presented in the late congress ol vegetarians at Chicago, the time is drawing very near when the Texas steer and the overgrown Canada 1 lamb will be only a memory. The I rapid Increase of population will make meat food Impossible for the masses. Furthermore, civilization begins to abhor the i&a of human beings feeding on flesh, and then comes the clinching argument of the enormous financial saving that would result from purely vegetable diet. There is much force “in the views of the vegetarians, but they are wofully' lacking in discrimination. Dwellers in the tropics may well be vegetari- ’ ans, but not so with inhabitants ol the arctic zone. The former may live on bananas, but the latter must, have their walrus and seal. The' average inhabitant of the temperate zones will probably cease eating meat when he can no longer get it —not be fore. • The revelations of the census on the birth-rate are beginning to startle people, as they might have done long ago. They show that in 1880 the birth-rate throughout the country was 30.85 in the thousand, while in 1890 it had declined to 26.68 per thousand. The rate and its fluctuations vary in the various States. Leaving Utah out of the calculation, because its peculiar institution has always given it a high birth-rate, we find that the highest birth-rate at present is in the old slave States—the Carolinas, Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, Texas. Arkansas, and Tennessee—in which the rate ranges from 30 to nearly 34, a decrease of 3 to 4 from 1880; and the lowest in the three Northern New England States, and in California and Nevada, where it is below 20, a decline of 2 tc 3 per cent, from 1880. In the grouj of Northern Central States—Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Wisconsin—the rate ranges from 24 to 27, a decline of 5 to 4 per cent ,„from 1880. New York shows a low fate, 23.28, and Connecticut and Massachusetts 21.26 and 21.51, respectively. It is not easy tc explain these figures on any generally admitted theory. Alive and Dead. A lady had almost decided to buy 1 the coat she was trying on. Th? 1 weary saleswoman breathed a sigh of i relief. The customer had been hard - to suit. Even yet sfle fingered the , buttons and twitched the sleevei I thoughtfully. 3 “What was this fur when it wai ’ alive?” she asked abruptly, as she ad- ! justed the collar. 1 The saleswoman hesitated and I stammered. She was torn between i r business-like desire to make a salt and a conscientious regard for the truth. Her confusion was painful. 8 “Well, ma’am, we have to call if t martin,” she said, at last, “but 11 i was skunk when it was alive.” >. j Statistical. o I When Gen. Cornwallis surrenderee e at Yorktion his army of Englishmer II consisted, according to military re ■ ports, of 7,247 soldiers and 840sailon I —8,087 in all. The number of taco 1 motives now in use on America! 10 railways is 32,139, or four times a: it i many as Cornwallis’ soldiers ant n ; sailors. The number of cars is 1,200, e 4 000. , .

I TALMAGE’S SERMON. 1 - HE FINDS MANY LESSONS IN I THE PREVAILING PANIC. I , Thera la Nothin* Wrong In Desiring to Be Rich, But Like AU Human Desiree It Should Be Rigidly Subjected to God's Law-A Timely Subject. At the Tabernacle. Rev. Dr. Talmage has selected as his subject for last Sunday a topic of the greatest interest and timeliness—viz, “Comfort For Business Men,” the text being Isaiah xl, 2, “Speak ye comfortably to Jerusalem.” What an awful six weeks in commercial circles! The crashing of banks from San Francisco to New York and from ocean to ocean. The complete uncertainty that has halted all styles of business for three months and the pressure of the money market for the last year have put all bargain makers at their wit’s end. Some of the best men in the land have faltered; men whose hearts are enlisted in every good work and whose hands have blessed,j every great charity. The church of God can afford to extend to them her sympathies and plead before Heaven with all availing prayer. The schools such men have established, the churches they have built, the asylums and beneficent institutions they have fostered, will be their eulogy long after their banking institutions are forgotten. Such men can never fail. They have their treasures in banks that never break and will be millionaires forever. The stringency of the money market, lam glad to say, begins to relax. May the wisdom of Almighty God come down upon our national Legislature at their convening next month in Washington and such results be reached as shall restore confidence and revive trade and multiply prosperities! Yet not only now in the time of financial disaster, but all through life, bur active business people have struggled,and I think it will be appropriate and useful for me to talk about their trials and try to offer some curative prescription. The Tempted Merchant. In the first place, I have to remark that a great many of our business men feel ruinous trials and temptations coming to them from small and limited capital in business. It is everywhere understood that it takes now three or four times as much to do business well as once it did. Once a few hundred dollars were turned into goods—the merchant would be his own store sweeper, his own salesman, his own book-keeper. He would manage all the affairs himself, and everything would be net profit. Wonderful changes have come. Costly apparatus, extensive advertising, exorbitant store rents, heavy taxation, expensive agencies, are only parts of the demand made upon our commercial men. And when they have found themselves in such circumstances with small capital they have sometimes been tempted to run against the rocks of moral and financial destruction. The temptation of limited capital has ruined men in two ways. Sometimes they have shrunk down under the temptation. They have yielded the battle before the first shot was fired. At the first hard gun they surrendered. Their knees knocked together at the fall of the auctioneer’s hammer. They blanched at the financial peril. They did not understand that there is such a thing as heroism in merchandise, and that there are Waterldos of the counter, and that a man can fight no brayer battle with the sword than he can with the yardstick. Their souls melted in them because sugars were up when they wanted to buy and down when they wanted to sell and unsalable goods were on the shelf and bad debts in their ledger. The gloom of their countenances overshadowed even their dry goods and groceries. Despondency, coming from limited capital, blasted them. Others have felt it in a different way. They have said: ’“Here I have been trudging along. I have been trying to be honest all these years. I find it is of no use. Now it make or break.” I The small craft that could have stood the stream is put out beyond the lighthouses on the great sea of speculation. Stocks are the dice with which he gambles. He bought for a few dollars vast tracts of Western land. Some man at the East living on a fat homestead meets this gambler of fortune and is persuaded to trade off his estate here for lots in aWestern city with large avenues and costly palaces and lake steamers smoking at the wharves and rail trains coming down with lightning speed from every direction. There it is all on paper! The city has never been built nor the railroads constructed, but everything points that way, and the thing will be done as sure as you live. And that is the process by which many have been tempted through limitation of capital into labyrinths from which they could not be extricated. I would not want to chain honest enterprise. I would not want to block up any of the avenues for honest accumulation that open up for young men. On the contrary, I would like to cheer them on and rejoice when they reach the goal, but when there are such multitudes of men going to ruin for this life and the life that is to come through wrong notions of what are lawful spheres of enterprise it is the duty of Jhe ministers of religion and the friends of all young men to utter a plain, emphatic, unmistakable protest. These are the influences that drown men in destruction and perdition. The Feverish Thirst for Gain. Again, a great many of our business men are tempted to over anxiety and care. You know that nearly all commercial businesses are overdone in this day. Smitten with the love of quick gain, our cities are crowded with men resolved to be rich at all hazards. They do not care how money comes. Our best merchants are thrown into competition with men of more means and less and if an opportunity of accumulation be neglected one hour some one else picks it up. From l January to December the struggle goes on. Night gives no quiet to limbs tossing in restlessness nor to a brain that will not stop thinking. The dreams are harrowed by imaginary loss and flushed with imaginary gains. Even the Sabbath cannot dam back the tide of anxiety, for this wave of worldliness dashes clear over the churches and leaves its foam on Bibles and prayer books. Men who are living on salaries or by the culture of the soil cannot understand the wear and tear of body and mind to which our merchants are subjected when they do not know butthat their livelihood and their business honor are dependent upon the uncertainties of the next hour. This excitement of the brain, this corroding care of the heart, this strain of effort that exhausts the spirit, sends a great many of our best men in midlife into the grave. They find that Wall street does not • end at the East River, ft ends at Greenwood! Their life dashed out against money safes.. They go with their store on their backs. They trudge like camels, sweating from Aleppo to Damascus. They make their life a crucifixion. Standing behidli desks

and counters, banished from the fresh • air, weighed down by carking cares, they are so many suicides. 4 Reliant* on Mrine Aid. Oh, I wish I could to-day mb out some of these lines of oare; that I could lift some of the burdens from the heart: that 1 could give relaxation to some of " these worn muscles. It is time for you t to begin to take it a little easier. Do • your best and then trust God for the rest. Do not fret. God manages all the affairs of your life, and he manages them for the best. Cdnsider the lilies —they always have robes. Behold the j fowls of the air—they always have > nests. Take a long breat h. Bethink , betimes that God did not hiako you for t, a pick horse. Dig yourselves out from . among the hogsheads and the shelves, and in the light of the holy Sabbath . day resolve that you will give to the i winds your fears and your fretfulness [ and your distresses. You brought ■ nothing into the world, and it is very I certain you can carry nothing out. Having food and raiment, bo therewith ; content. i The merchant came home from the . store. There had been great disaster there. He opened the front door and said, in the midst of his family circle: “lam ruined. Everything is gone. I am all ruined." His wife said, “I am left,” and the littlp child throw up its hands and said, “Papa, lam here." The aged grandmother, seated in the room, said, “Then you have all the promises of God beside, John.” And he burst into tears and said: “God forgive me, that I have been so ungrateful. I find I have a great many things left. God forgive me.” Again I remark that many of our business men are tempted to neglect their home duties. How often it is that the store and the home seem to clash, but there ought not- to be any collision. It is often the case that the father is the mere treasurer of the family, a sort of agent to see that they have dry goods and groceries. The work of family government he does not touch. Once or twice in a year he calls the children up on a Sabbath afternoon when he has a half hour he does not exactly know what to do with, and in that half hour he disciplines the children and chides them and corrects their..faults and gives them a great deal of good advice and then wonders all the rest of the year that his children do not do better when they have the wonderful advantage of that semiannual castigation. The family table, which ought to be the place for pleasant discussion and cheerfulness, often becomes the place of perilous expedition. If there be any blessing asked at all, it is cut off atbotn ends, and with the hand on the carving knife. He counts on his fingers, making estimates in the interstices of the repast. The work done, the hat goes to the head, and he starts down the street, and before the family have risen from the table he has bound up another bundle of goods and says to the customer, “Anything more I can do for you to-day, sir?” Duty to One's Family. A man has more responsibilities than those which are discharged by putting competent instructors over his children and giving them a> drawing master and music teacher. The physical culture of the child will not be attended to unless the father looks to it. He must sometimes lose his dignity. He must unlimber his joints. He must sometimes lead them out to their sports and games. The parent who cannot forget the severe duties of life sometimes—to fly the kite and trundle the hoop and chase the ball and jump the rope with the children—ought never to have been tempted out of a crusty and unredeemable solitariness. If you want to keeß ' your children away from nlaces of sin, you can only do it by making your home attractive. You may preach sermons and advocate reforms and denounce jvickedness, and ' yet your yhildren will be captivated ; by the glittering saloon of sin, unless you can make your home a brighter place than any other place on earth to them. Oh, gather all charms into your house! If you can afford it, bring books and pictures and cheerful entertainments to the household. But, above all, teach those children, not by half an hour twice a year on the Sabbath day, but day after day, and every day teach them that religion is a great gladness that throws chains of gold about the neck, that it takes no spring from the-foot, no blitheness from the heart, no sparkle from the eye, no ring from the laughter, but that “her ways are ways of pleasantness, and all her paths are peace.” I sympathize with the work being done in many of our cities by which beautiful rooms are set apart by our Young Men’s- Christian Association, and I pray God to prosper them in all things. But I tell you theretis some thing back of that and before that. We need more happy, consecrated, cheerful Christian homes in America. Limited Uses of Money. Again, I remark that a great many of our business men are tempted to put the attainment of money above the value of the soul. It is a grand thing to have plenty of money. Theftmore you get of it the better, if it come honestly and go usefully. For the lack of it sickness dies without medicine, and hunger finds its coffin in the empty bread tray,, and nakedness shivers for lack of clothes and _ fire. When I hear a man in canting tirade against money—a Christian man—as though it had no interest in it, I come almost to think that the heaven that would be appropriate for him would be an everlasting poorhouse! While, my friends, we do admit there is such a thing as a lawful use of money —a profitable use of money —let us recognize also the fact that money cannot satisfy a man’s soul; that it cannot glitter in the dark valley; that it cannot unlock the gate of Heaven. There are men in all occupations who seem to act as though they thought a pack of bondsand mortgages could be traded off for a title to Heaven and as though gold would be a lawful tender in that place where it is so common that they make pavements out of it. Salvation by Christ is the only salvation. Treaa- ■ ures in Heaven are the only incorruptible treasures. Have you ever ciphered out in the rule of loss and gain the sum, “What shall it profit a man if he gain the whole world and lose his soul?” However fine your apparel the winds of death will flutter it like rags. HomeCand a threadbare coat have somes been the shadow of coming robes made white in the blood of the Lamb. The pearl of great price is worth more than any gem you can bring from the ocean, than Australian or Brazilian mines strung in one carcanet. Seek after God; find His righteousness, and ! all shall be well here; all shall be well hereafter. Low of Money Not F»t»L But I must have a word with those who during the present commercial calamities nave lost heavily or perhaps lost all their estate. If a man lose his property at 36 or 40 years of age. it is only a sharp discipline generally, by which later he comes to larger success. It is ail folly for a man to slt down in midlife discouraged. The marshals of Napoleon came to tltair commander and said, “We have lost the battle, and we are being cut toplecee." Napoleon took his watch from his pocket and

i said: “It Is only 2 o’clock in the after- , noon. You have lost that battle, but we have time enough to win another. Charge upon the foe!” Though the meridian of life has . passed with you, and you have been . routed in many a conflict, give not up > in discouragement. There are victories yet for you to gain. But some- ‘ times monetary disaster comes to a man when there is something in his age or something in his health or something in his surroundings which make him ' know well that he will never get up 1 1857 it was estimated that for . many years previous to that time an- ; nually there had been 30,000 failures in the United States. Many of those 1 persons never recovered from the misortune. But let me give a word of comfort in passing. The sSheriff may ' sill you out of many things, but there are some things of which he cannot ' sell you out. He cannot sell out your health. He cannot sell out your family. He cannot sell out your Bible. He cannot sell out your Heaven! You have more than you have lost. Sons and daughters of God, children of an eternal and all loving Father, mourn not when your property goes. The world is yours, and life is yours, and death is yours, and immortality is yours, and thrones of imperial grandeur are yours, and rivers of gladness are yours, and shining mansions are yours, and God Is yours. The eternal God has sworn it, and every time you doubt it you charge the King of Heaven and earth with perjury. Instead of complaining how hard you have it, go home, take up your Bible full of promises, ge’t down on your knees before God and thank him for what you have, instead of spending so much time in complaining about what you have not. The Ark of Safety. Some of you remember the shipwreck of the Central America. This noble steamer had, I think, about 500 passengers abroad. Suddenly the storm came, and the surges trampled the deck and swung into the hatches, and there went up a hundred voiced death shriek. The foam on the jaw of the wave. The pitching of the steamer as though it were leaping a mountain. The dismal flare of the signal rockets. The long cough of the steam pipes. The hiss of the extinguished furnaces. The walking of God on the wave! The steamer went not down without, a struggle. As the passengers stationed themselves in rows to bail out the vessel, hark to the thump of the buckets, as men unused to toil, with blistered hands and strained muscle, tug for their lives. There is a sail seen against the sky. The flash of the distress gun sounded. Its voice is heard not, for it is choked’ in the louder booming of the sea. A few passengers escaped, but the steamer gave one great lurch and was gone! So there are some men who sail on prosperously in life. All’s well. All's well. Butatlast some financial disaster comes—a euroclydon. Down they go! the bottom of the commercial sea strewn with shattered hulks. But because your property goes, do not let your soul go. Though all else perish, save that. For I have to tell you of a more stupenduous shipwreck than that which I nave just mentioned. God launched this world 6,000 years ago. It has been going on under freight of mountains and immortals, but one day it will stagger at the cry :of fire. The timbers of rock will burn, the mountains flame like masts and the clouds like sails in the judgment hurricane. Then God. shall take Mie pasi sengers off the deck, and from the berths those who have long been asleep in Jesus, and he will set .them far beyond the reach of storm and peril. But how many shall go down, that will never be« known until it shall be announced one day in Heaven, the shipwreck of a world! Oh, my dear : hearers, whatever you lose, though ' your houses go, though your lands go, though all your earthly possessions perish, may God Almignty, through the blood of the everlasting covenant, save all your souls. Componnd Colors. The following table is vouched for by the best authorities as the best for producing compbund colors. The first named color and the others follow in the order of their importance. The exact proportion of each can only be terminated by experiment: Buff—Mix white, yellow ochre, and red. Chestnut —Red, black, and yellow. Chocolate — Raw, umber, red, and black. Claret—Red, umber, and black. Copper—Red, yellow, and black. Dove —White, vermillion, blue, and yellow. Drab—White, yellow, ochre, red, and black. Fawn—White, yellow, and red. Flesh—White, yellow, ochre, and vermillion. Freestone—Red, black, yellow, ochre, and white. French Gray—White, Prussian blue, and lake. Gray—White lead and black. Gold—White, stone ochre and red. Green Bronze—Chrome green, black, and yellow. Green Pea —White and chrome green. Lemon—White and chrome yellow. Limestone — White, yellow, ochre, black, and red. Olive—Yellow, blue, black, and white. Orange—Yellow and red. Peach—White and vermillion. Pearl—White, black, and blue. Pink -White, Vermillion, and lake, o Purple—Violet, with more red, and white. Rose—White and madder lake. Sandstone — White, yelloW ochre, black, and red. Snuff—Yellow and Vandyke brown. Violet—Red, blub, and white. Beer. Germany and England are the two chief beer brewing countries, but the latter is below the former, Englund brewing 996,985,000 gallons. In consumption of quart per head, however. Belgium is ahead of both Germany and England, consuming 163.25 to Germany’s 134.40 'and England's 125.10. The inference follows that the beer of Belgium is “drunk on the premises,” and not exported like the English -and German. The production of beer in America is 376,775,000 gallons, and the average consumption per head is 20.15 quarts, a little lower than that of France, which is 25.45. Russia has the smallest consumption of beer of any great country, 4.25 quarts per head being the estimate. As, according to Dr. Johnson, “those who drink beer think beer,” these statistics may afford food for reflection to ths subjects of Gam- , brinus. ____________ ' A man who, for many years, had . charge of a marriage bureau in a large city, gives the following as the result of L his experience: The first question a > young and beautfful lady aeks about a > candidate for matrimony is “What sort of a man is he?” but those who are i more advanced in years: “Show him to me right off.”

; SWEEP THEM ASIDE. • < ' « PROTECTIVE ’’ TARIFFS, BOON- , TIES, ANO SUBSIDIES. i Object Lenon FurnUhM by the »Protected” Plate Qian Baotorloe at Irwin, Pa. —Finance and Tariff Changes the Obi jeots of the Administration. Stop Government Paternalism. Every honest, self-supporting man, 1 like every honest, self-supporting Industry, is a blessing to any community ; or country. No one will dispute this statement. But few also will dispute the alternative statement, that every paupor industry is a curse to a community, to a country and to mankind. Before our country got started in business on its own account, several of the Federal States, imitating the policy of tho mother ocuntry, attempted to Introduce and foster certain industries -mostly manufacturing ones—by levying duties on certain imports. Thus Pennsylvania in 1785 passed an aot entitled “An act to encourage and protect manufactures of > this State, by laying additional duties on the importation of certain manufactures which Interfere with thorn.” Th is system of protection worked so pporly and was such a nuisance to trade between the States that all were clad to abolish it with the adoption of the Constitution in 1787. Immediately thereafter the manufacturers began to ask for national help for their struggling industries. Some attention was paid to their appeals, and the first tariff act gave slignt protection to certain industries. Instead of making them self-reliant, this c harity only made them clamorous for more'assistance. Duties became higher and higher as the industries grew older, until the non-pro-tected industries were forced to defend themselves from the hungry and ungrateful pauper industries. The noisy infants were weaned and were thriving on solid food when our civil war made it necessary to again put them on the bottle while they were being bled to provide a war revenue. The bleeding process lasted but a few years and the bottle should have been discarded long ago, but the sucklings—now mostly centenarians—not only refused to let go, but have demanded and obtained Digger bottles. Through their cries ana screams they are informing us that they are incapable of existing on even the high tariff of 25 or 30 per cent., and they lay claim to permanent support on the ground that we, having so long fed them on pap and brought them to thoir present helpless state, must not now dosort them. The woolen and glass manufacturers actually have the audacity to tell us that the assistance which we have given them has made them indigent, careless, and slovenly, so that they cannot exist on the same Government rations as might suffice a few years ago, thus confessing that they lied to us when asking for temporary help to mako them stronger. The effect of granting aid by means of v. jvernment bounties or subsidies is almost as great a curse as “protection." Our shipping industry never declined so rapidly as when we. were trying to aid it by means of gratuities and to shield It from the severe competition of Europe’s unassisted lines by prohibiting the importation of foreign-built ships. The continued use of both of these methods fails to wean back any considerable portion of the carrying trade of the world which was once ours, when our ships asked no aid from any quarter. The bounties we are now giving to sugar producers are having the same weakening effect. It is for this reason that Governor Hogg, on behalf of the State of Texas, spurned the bounty to which Texas was entitled as a sugar producer. He knew the evils Industrially and politically sure to flow from governmental “encouragement” to industries properly the subjects of pri-, vate enterprise. Paternalism as applied to the silverproducing industry is also beginning to manifest the same evils. The shameful contract which, for political purposes, the last administration made with tho mine-owners, to take their silver atFprices which are now twice the actual worth of this metal in all other markets, may have stimulated this industry for a long time and added a few more to our already long list of bounty-fed millionaires, but it will soon be clear that it has hurt the industry of extracting silver from our ores and that it has rendered almost helpless and homeless thousands of miners whom it has drawn from farms jiud shops. All of these evils are the result of attempting what is impossible. Protection Cannot become universal. When all industries are “protected" the benefit to each is more than annulled by the assessments necessary to aid all of the others. Protection may for a time stimulate a few industries,, but it is always at the expense of the self-sup-porting industries. All industries cannot become paupers any more than all men can become paupers or pensioners. They must have others upon which to lean or they will be in the impossible position of leaning upon themselves.— Byron W. Holt. Tariff Raised; Wages Lowered. The Pennsylvania Plate Glass Company, at Irwin, Pa., made the generous proposition to their employes during the latter part of last week, that if they would accept a 10 per cent, reduc-. tlon In wages the factory would not shut down out continue in operation tho year round. A meeting of the employes was called at thewbiks at which it was decided not to accapt a reduction under any consideration. This, we think, was a proper move, as the plate worker is now the poorest paid of skilled mechanics in tho country, and to ask a reduction in wages is simply adding insult to injury. The conqjdlng of a reduction at Irwin would mean a reduction at all the other plate works, and would be placing tho wages of the plate glass worker on a par with common labor. Any fair-minded man wjll admit that the wages paid the average plate glass worker to-day is not above actual living expenses, and a reduction could not be conceded without reducing him to want. It is rumored that this company is becoming dissatisfied with the central selling agency and may withdraw from that concern in the near future. , . . If thia straw at Irwin is any indication of how the plate glass trust intends to make the wind blow after a two months’ shut down, the plate glass workers of the United States had better all get together and resist, firmly and unitedly such contemplated reduction. There Is neither sense, reason nor justice in any proposition to reduce the wages in this industry. The tariff was increased on certain small sizes in 1890, and since 1864 (or for 30 years past) there has not been a single reduction of the tariff, which haa been uniformly kept at 141 per cent, on sizes of 24x60 and above. This protection has has been kept at this enormous figure ostensibly to protect the American plate glass worker against the cheap product of European labor. If added to the present pauper wages paid the American worker is to receive

now the “protection" of a further Id per cent, reduction, the 12,000 toilers from whose labor the colossal plate {'liun works have been built, and mill* ons in dividends have been squeezed, had better mako up their minds to take a hand in practical politics themselves, —National Glass Budget, July 1. Must B« Studied by AIL I wish to go over all the ground upon which protective tariffs are advocated or defended, to consider what effect the opposite policy of free trade would have, and to stop not until conclusions are reached of which we may feel ab* solutely sure. To some it may seem too much to think that this oan be done. For a century no question of public policy has been so widely and persistently debated as that of Protection vs. Free Trade. Yet it seems to-day as far m ever from settlement —so far, indeed, that many have come to deem it a question as to which no certain conclusions can be reached, and many more to regard it m too complex and abstruse to be understood by those who have not equipped themselves by long study. This is, indeed, a hopeless view. We may safely leave many branches of knowledge to such aa can devote themselves to special pursuits. We may safely accept what chemists tell us of chemistry,or astronomers of astronomy, or philologists of the development of language, or anatomists of our internal structure, for n«t only are there in such Investigations no pecuniary temptations to warp the judgment; but the ordinary duties of men and citizens do not call for such special knowledge, and the great body of a people may entertain the crudest notions as to such things and yet lead happy and useful lives. Far different, however, is it with matters which relate to the production and distribution of wealth, and which thus directly affect the comfort and livelihood of men. The intelligence which can alone safely guide Hn these matters must be the intelligence of the masses, for as to such things it is the common opinion, and not the opinion of the learned few, that finds expression in legislation. If the knowledge required for the proper ordering of public affairs be like the knowledge required for the prediction of an eclipse, the making of a chemical analysis, or the decipherment of a cuneiform inscription, or even like the knowledge required in any branch of art or handicraft, then the shortness of human life and the necessities of human existence must forever condemn the masses of/inen to Ignorance of matters which directly affect their means of subsistence. If this be so, then popular government is hopeless, and, confronted on one side by the fact, to which all experience testifies, that a people can never safely trust to any portion of theft* number the making of regulations which affect their earnings, and on the other by the fact that the masses can never see for themselves the effect of such regulations, the only prospect before mankind is that the many must always be ruled and robbed by the few.—Henry George, in Protection or Free Trade. “Free Trade Incendiary Torch.” It might be supposed that protection manufacturers and editors would some day learn that the people of this country can no longer be foiled by a pretended comparison of “protected” with unprotected countries, which stope when it has mentioned Great Britain and the United States. The Manufacturer (Philadelphia), of June 24, says: “The Picture drawn by our correspondent in London of tne great crowds of men assembling at Liverpool on the chance that they might be sent to Hull to get work on the docks there, at the time of the dockers’ strike, shows what it must be here as soon as the free-trade incendiaries successfully apply to the fabric of our industries the torch of destruction which they have been brandishing." Are there, then; no otner countries on this big round earth? If there are, they must, of necessity, be protection or free trade countries. As a matter of fact there are a half dozen countries, all in Europe, which for age, degree of civilization and natural opportunities are far better adapted for comparison with each other than with any newer or bigger country. These countries are Great Britain, France, Germany, Spain, Italy and Turkey. Each of these countries has at some period been master of Europe, and held the ascendency in commerce. Until near the middle of the present century it was not certain which of the first three countries would take the lead in manufactures, commerce, and trade. The free-trade incendiary torch was first applied to „ England’s industries. Instead of destroying, it fired them with new life and energy. England chose freedom and light, and the growth of her Industries Is without parallel on the Eastern continent. She is supreme in commerce. She is overflowing with wealth, and loans capital to the rest of the world.. She pays higher wages than is paid by any of her old country rivals, and yet unaersells them all. She is the only country of the old world to which emigrants turn with a hope of bettering their financial conditions. The other countries mentioned chose restrictions of commerce, and are still wandering in darkness and misery. Italy and Spain, with most restrictions, have sunk almost out of sight in the commercial world. France and Germany are losing step with the march of progress, and must soon fall out of line if they do not imitate the example of Great Britain. The idleness in London is partly due to the congestion there of the miserable wretches who have been squeezed out of continental Europe by commercial bandages which decrease earnings and, increase the cost of living. The Platform Not Forgotten. If there are persons who believe the silly stories now going the round of the Republican press, charging that President Cleveland and the other Democratic leaders have abandoned all idea of making any radical changes in the tariff at the coming session of Congress, they had better begin to prepare themselves for a great disappointment. There has been no change in the. program mapped out by the Democratic leaders before Mr. Cleveland was inaugurated, exceptsthat caused by the. financial stringency throughout the country, which haa given financial reform the first place on the program, but has by no means displaced tariff reform. Ever since President Cleveland’s election he h« been discussing these two reforms with every msn he met who might be supposed to have practical and valuable *L opinions upon either, and he has lost no opportunity to obtain suggestions from those whose practical experience or special studies have made them tariff experts. . A perfect tariff bill haa never been prepared and probably never will be, out unless present indications are all wrong the tariff bill to be prepared this winter will be nearer perfection, from the standpoint of the Chicago platform, than any of its predecessors, and that it will be a ' radical change from the McKinley law is as certain as that Congress will meet. —Saturday Budget. Durable shoes for men are now made of pigskin. \ X A..',/ ■.