Decatur Democrat, Volume 37, Number 10, Decatur, Adams County, 26 May 1893 — Page 2

THE FIRST OFFERING ORIGIN OF MEMORIAL DAY—TH! FIRST OBSERVANCE. Gen. Logae'* Order E*tebll*hhiff Det-or* Uon l>*y — Impresnive and Toiu'liini Herne* al Arlington Nearly a Quarter <> a Century Ajo—The Corenionlea of 1 801 and IHfIK. Gen. I.nran'o Order.

<N the spring O 1 1808, three yean after the close o the war, and l>j the time the peoplf were just gettini well settled inti their new avocations and had tim< to cast a though: backward, to tin

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■troublous days of the past, some one suggested that it would be nice to hole a national memorial day in honor of tin Union dead. The idea met with spontaneous approval, and seemed to touch a popular chord of sympathy in the hearts of the people north of Mason end Dixon’s line. It required only a short agitation to bring the matter to-a focus, which was accomplished by the following order sent out from M ashington: Hkadq’bs ukasb ABstror the < E pub nc, I AIIJUTANT GBNEHAL S OH’ICB. | 446 FOURTEENTH fcTRBKT, I Washixgton. I*. C, May i, 1868. j General Orders Na. 11. 1. The 3Uih day of May. 1868, Is designated tor the purpose of strewing flowers or otherwise decorating the graves ol Comrades who died in defense of their Country during the late rebellion, and whose bodies now lie in almost every city, village, hamlet and churchyard in the land. In this observance no form of ceremony is prescribed, but posts and comrades will, In their own way, arrange such fitting services and testimonials of respect as circumstances will permltWe are organized, comrades, as our regulations tell us. for the purpose, among other things “of preserving and strengthening those kind and fraternal feelings which have bound together the soldiers, sailors and marines who united together to suppress the late rebellion.” What can aid more to assure this result than by cherishing tenderly the memory of our heroic dead, who made their breasts a barricade between our country and its foes, 'lheir soldier lives were the reveille of freedom to a race in chains, and their ■deaths the tattoo of a rebellious tyranny in arms. We should /guard their graves with sacred vigilance. All that the consecrated taste and wealth of the nation can add to their adornment and security Is but • fitting tribute to the memory of her slain defenders Let no wanton foot tread rudely on such hallowed grounds. Let pleasant paths invite the coming and going of reverent visitors and fond mourners. Let uo vandalism of avarice or neglect, no ravages of time testify to the present or to the ■coming generations that we have forgotten, as a people, the cost of a free apd undivided republic. If other eyes grow dull, and other bands slack, and other hearts grow Cold in the solemn trust, ours keep It well as long as the light and warmth of life remain to us. Let us, then, at the time appointed gather around their sacred remains, and garland the passionless mpunds above them with the choicest flowers of springtime; let us raise above them the dear old flag they •saved from dishonor; lit us in this solemn presence renew our pledges to aid and assist those whom they have left among us. a sacred charge upon a nation’s gratitude —the soldiers and sailors’ widow and orphan. 2. It is the purpose of the commander-in-chief t > inaugurate this observance, Uith.the hope that it will bakept up from year to year while a survivor of the war remains to honor the memory of his departed comrades. He earnestly desires the public press to call attention to this •order and lend its friendly aid in bringing |t to the notice of comrades in all parts of the country in time for simultaneous compliance therewith. 3. Depaitment commanders will use every effort to make this order effective. By order of JOHN A. Lo.'ian. Commander-ln-chiet x Official: N. P. Chipman. Adjutant Genera 1 . As a result of this initial movement ■the loyal people in twenty-seven States 3ad at 183 burying places met on May 30 and conducted the first memorial 'service to the Union dead. Such was the elevating character of this solemn .demonstration that Congress determined to have the proceedings of the meeting collected and bound. This is the origin of Decoration day, which, Since 1868, has annually been observed 1 n the United States. Probably at no other place in the country on this first Decoration Day were the ceremonies more touching and imposing than at the national cemetery *t Arlington Heights, near Washington city, where are furled 22,000 Union soldiers. The services were conducted ■entirely under the auspices of the Department of the Potomac, Grand Army of the liepublic, with the co-operation of the public authorities displaying itself in military array and contributions ■of flowers.

The exercises were opened at 1 o'clock in trout of the Arlington mansion by Mr. W. T. Collins, who read Gen. Logan’s , order designating this day as a memotial day. Rev. Byron Sunderland offered a prayer, after which a hymn was sung. General James ,A. Garfield was then introduced and delivered an eloquent and impressive address. The assemblage then sang a patriotic song and listened to the reading of an original poem by Mr. J. 0. Smith. As the Forty-fourth Infantry Band played a dirge the procession formed and marched around the gardens south of the mansion, the children from the Soldiers and Sailors’ Orphan Asylum strewing flowers upon the ■graves as they passed. The procession halted at the tomb of the unknown dead and a fervent prayer was offered by Rev. J. G. Butler, followed by the singing of an appropriate chorus by the Arion Club. The tomb Was decorated land the procession marched to the flag stand at the principal cemetery, where the ceremonies were opened with prayer by the Rev. Chas. V. Kelley, of 'Chicago. Mr. Holbert C. Paine, of Wisconsin, read the dedicatory address delivered at Gettysburg by President Lincoln. After the reading of the address the graves throughout the cemetery were decorated. In the following year sill more extensive preparations were made for <*boerving Decoration Day. Iti thirty-one States ana tn 336 towns and cities the day was observed with Impressive ceremonies.

FRIENDS AT LA3T. Hr others Reunivu at a Memorial Day Assemblage. Some years ago, at a Memorial Day Assemblage in one of the Northern Territories, after the ceremonies were over and the crowd was commencing to break up, two men came face to face near the graves that had been covered with the symbols of renewed brotherhood. " They stood transfixed, then one held out his hand to the other. “Jim,” he said, “I’ve never stopped looking for you since the war." p The other man never spoke, but kept looking him steadily in the eye. “Jim," again commenced the one who had spoken, “the war has kept us long enough apart; let us be friends again—- ..... brothers once more." A crowd had gathered, attracted by the scene, and one of the bystanders who knew the speaker said: ‘What's the matter, Leonard? Is Chat the brother you have been fellin' aboUt?" Leonard nodded. "And he won't make up with you how?"

' “No; I suppose he can’t forgot,* and ! Leonard looked sadly at his brother, who was turning to leave him. ’ Hold on. stranger,” called the bystander, and the departing man turned around. "X want to give you a pointer,* continued he; “this brother of yours han been my friend since the war, end if he did light on the rebel side, that’s nothI ing against him now; come with me a minute,” and taking his arm, he led him back to the graves and showed him the name on one of them. "There,” he said, “your brother could forgive him, and every year he comes here and futa flowers on his grave, and yet that man, when your brother tried to escape when i o was taken prisoner, fired the shot that cost him his leg; Ito acted up to his convictions and so did your brother. Now what are yours—can you go away withotft making friends? "liemember,” he added with a smile, “there isn't as much of him to forgive as when he made the mistake of taking the wrong side, and ret; ember, too," he added, taking off his hat, “what's left mayn’t be hero to forgive when you make up your mind you want to." There was a moment s pause, and then a cheer went up as the brothers turned away together. FIRST TIME UNDER FIRE. Impression* of a Soldier Graphically Told by Himself. I am requested, however, to write my impressions of a soldier under fire for the first time; says a writer in an exchange. Tnose who remember the pallid hue of the enemy at that time doubtless would kindly advise silence on my part, but I’m not under oath at present, neither are there many witnesses living to dispute my flight—of fancy as I place myself in battle array and wait for the skulking enemy to advance and get shot (I sell that article by the pound). How one feels under fire for the first time Is not a pleasant thing to recount. I have a dim, hazy recollection that for about a half-hour preceding that time I was not bereft of sensation, although my blood was frozen, and I experienced the same feeling a boy does who knows there's a licking due from his paternal ancestor and that party has a record for keeping his work. 1 have never experienced the sensation of a man being tied down upon a railroad track with the cannon ball express due in three seconds, and no succor to help the sucker on the track, but I presume the feelings of a person under such unfavorable conditions are similar to a man under fire foi- the first time. I remember that I was a sickly, sentimental boy at that time, with my head full of such expressions as “’Tis sweet, oh, 'tis sweet for one’s country to die,” “Fire when you see the whites of their eyes,” “A little more grape, Captain Bragg," “Pro bono publico, vox populi, vox Del” and other well-known expressions of war heroes. Somehow, on the eve battle, I failed to remember any of these, but I did think of “Home, Sweet Home,” and how l used to sit in the gloaming of the back woodshed, while my mother shook the fleas out of my wardrobe. The first feeling that felt of me real hard, when the enemy learned that I was trying to keep in front of them, was a desire to assist the noble hospital stewards at the rear and lend my advice and knowledge of military operations to the war correspondents and other had half-consented to allow myself a furlough, when I discovered that I had hesitated too long and there was as much danger in running away as to remain and be a first-class hero or a bul-let-riddled corpse—l had no real facts at hand to state which. I think I smiled a sickly smile at my comrades and tried to push my hair down and break the icicle that had formed along my spine. When the enemy became somewhat

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active in their firing someone said, “Draw sabers and charge,” but I tried i hard not to hear it. I could see the enemy and they looked worried when they | saw me, and I felt so sorry to be obliged to split their heads open with my sword that I fain would have turned back without molesting them. Several men who started with me had turned back, and a few had stopped short and were no longer in it. One rude tiling that shocked my young nerves was the carelessness of the enemy, especially the artilleiy. in aiming their weapons. A man about No. 3 from me was hit in the bosom with a shell. Os course, this wasn’t edifying to a young soldier under fire for the first time, but after the battle was over, and we were safe out of the enemy’s reach, one man, who had never been in a battle, said that wasn’t anything to find fault about. "Just wait,” said he, “until you get a warm cannon ball in the breast, and then you’ll have sotne reason to complain that war isn’t what its cracked up to be.” In this battle we knocked the spots off the enemy, and I wrote home ■ telling my people that we did it; al- i though I don't remember firing a single i shot, still I may in a moment of enthusiasm or abstractedness have done so. i My recollection is that the first time 11 was under fire I acted in an irrational, , irresponsible manner, and not in keep- i s ing with the character of a hero. At; the second affair I took kindly refuge behind a tree, being at that time an or- J derly for a genet al who was one of I the best rear guard directors of i the whole war. I believe the generosity of this grand military gentleman saved my life. I regard a wide-chested tree as a bulwark of protection in a battle that no man who prizes life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness can ignore. Seriously, my feelings when under fire for the first time were that I had Mistaken my trade and preferred I clerking in a corner grocery store, or | herding cattle, to the glory and fame of a soldier’s life. Subsequently I was , present In several battles, but I haven’t i a written expression from the com- I mander-in-chief that I saved the day or | died as heroes die. I have never been presented with medals, the dozen or so ~ that I wear when on parade at county fairs and picnics have been purchased of regular dealers in heroic emblazonry. 1 But 1 desire to say, for the "benefit of ; posterity, that I have had 'home hairbreadth escapes outside of war as she is fought on the battlefields of nations. In domestic affairs I have met the ene- > my and “are,hern every time." There are such things as being under fire and > being fired. I have experienced both and still no one will cover me over with beautiful flowers for what I have suffered. Memorial Day is here and I i think it has come to stay. I’m glad to be able to relate my experience in bat*

' ‘‘ ‘ ' . i tie for the first time more as a scientific contilbution to the potltmal or epllephj of literature than merely a desire tc see my name In public print As hat ■ been said before, “’Tis sweet for one’i country to die," but no man who hat died in that way has said so. It’s th* fellow who didn’t get killed who saccharinely views death on the battlefield and knows all about dying. VER the tents of Halltown ■• > i' l c*™!* ' i I T,>O was heavy, the morn Uli if was damp; HVL y/ The soldiers sleeping dreamed o f home; When sped a courier, flecked with foam. To Major Sullivan, brave and true. Then “boots and saddles" his bugler blew. And at the call each soldier woke. Saddled his steed, and the stillness broke With clanking saber and neighing steed. Tor down by the river was terrible need Os men who could fight and save the day Which an officer’s cowardice threw away. Quick Into line! The battalion was ready. “By twos from the right," each horseman was steady; “Forward, march!" and away they sped, But never a word the Major said. Over the pike ere the morning sheen Bad reddened the east with luminous gleam; Past the grand guard, near Charlestown. Where the rebels hung Osawatomie Brown. And then toward the river the troopers rode. Where the silver fog of the morning showed The Blue Ridge rim that sheltered the gray, And made for guerrillas an easy prey; Soldiers In blue who on picket stood, Down by the copses of willow wood. The sabers click and the horse hoof* pound, Till a dead Union soldier by the wayside’s found; Then the Major cries “Halt!” and scouts are deployed. And darkness with daybreak is quickly alloyed. Bang! bang! go the carbines, down by the ford. Some soldier has fallen and drank of death’s gourd; Some mother's heart-broken, some father's sad— A family will mourn for their volunteer lad. “Now, lads." cries the Major, “we’re In for the fight. The rebs they are forming beyond on the right; They’re two to our one—we won't show the white feather. But if God wills It so we’ll all die together. Draw sabers, and charge, every man fol low mo; We’ll give them the steel, and Mosby shall see - The ‘First vets’ are true; now In for the fray. ” A cheer, and the rebels are flying away! Driven like snow in a winter gale Few came back to tell the tale. And “Jerry” Sullivan, truest and best. Lay dead by the river, a wound in his breast. Men who were young have now grown gray, Since at Cabletown, that April day, Sullivan led bls troopers down Past where the rebels hung John Brown, Down by the river, hard by the ford, The dauntless soldier drained death’* gourd. Place on his grave some flowers to-day. Bravest and tenderest, his comrades say.

THE WAR ONLY A MEMORY. A:i Ex-Confederate’s Oration at a Union Memorial Service. The memorial services held at Hingnam, Mass., last year by Edwin Humphrey Post, G. A. R., were: notable for two reasons. The services were held In the meeting-house of the First Parish, which has the distinction of being the oldest church in the United States in which continuous religious services have been held, hating been erected in 1681, while the orator of the occasion- was. the Rev. John E. Lindsay, rector of St Paul’s Church, Boston, and formerly a soldier In the Confederate army, serving under Gen. Robert E. Lee. Dr. Lindsay, while rector at Georgetown, D. C., whs Chaplain of the House of Representatives. Dr. Lindsay, in the course of his address, said: “You were soldiers of the Union, and I, for a short time, filled an humble place among the followers of Robert E. Lee. Generosity to foes was a trait of the soldiers of our two armies. There were cruelties, now and then, on both sides to wounded men and prisoners, but even they were often exaggerated and they were condemned by the true men of the two armies. I have seen ragged privates of the Confederate army stand with heads uncovered by the side of a dying Union general. I have seen them lift a shattered Union soldief from an ambulance and lay him down upon the grounft with the gentleness of a woman, and heard him exclaim: ‘You rebels are mighty kind,’ while tears ran down their powder-stained cheeks. Hancock’s thoughtful and unselfish condu t, when severely wounded, in sending his own surgeon to relieve his classmate. Annistead, at Gettysburg, has been told in every Southern home. “Grant conquered our army at Appomattox, but the. whole South surrendered to him their hearts when they heard of his generosity to Lee and his , men. The Soul hern soldiers never i n ore thought of him as an enemy, but eagerly listened for the news from the 1 chamber where he struggled with death, and ia sorrow and love sent their best I 3,.en to follow him to the grave. Joseph 1 E. Johnston died from exposure enI countered while acting as palt-bearer I at the funeral of his friend, General ' Sherman. And what those leaders ■ were, so were the men who followed j them in battle. “The Issues of the war are settled settled forever, and are so accepted in the South as in the North. Let us vie with each other in devotion to our common country and in generous consideration for those who have differed with us in the past or may do so in the future. Thank God that this soldierly spirit has so far pervaded our people that they, on their respective ' memorial days, place the tribute of 1 flowers alike on the graves of those who ' fought with them and those who fought I against them. ”

Th e II u man Body. —’ —S?* The human body contains 150 bones and 500 muscles; the heart beats 70 times a minute, displacing each time 44 grammes of blood. All the blood passes through the heart in three minutes. In a normal condition the lungs contain 5 litres of air: we breathe 1,200 times every hour. There are 13 elements in the body; 5 gaseous and 8 solid. A man weighing 76 kilogrammes represents 44 kilogrammes of oxygen, 7 of hydrogen, 1.73 of azote. 600 grammes of chlorine, 100 grammes of fluorine, 22 kilogrammes of carbon, 800-grammes of phosphorus, 100 grammes of sulphur, 1,750 grammes of calcium, 80 grammes of potassium, 50 grammes of iron, nd precious metals.

TEN MET WITH DEATH. — — EIGHT OF THEM BURNED IN AN OLD WELL. Terrible Fate of Unfortunate Who Took Retitge from Michigan Raging Fore*t Flree In a Deserted Pit, Never to Emerge Again. Flames In the Forest. A forest fire destroyed Louis Bomig’ lumber comp near Lake City, Mich. Out of a total crew of sixty men fortynine escaped uninjured. One, Edward Sullivan, wag seriously burned and ten are dead. Os these, eight took refuge in a wall and were cremated there by the timber and curbing falling in on them and burning. Two tried to run the gauntlet and were burned to death. The men wore assembled at dinner and the forest fire, which was burning all around, entirely cut off escape. When the men, realising their danger, rushed out of the building in whioh they had been sitting the smoke so blinded them that they became bewildered. They .ran hither and thither, unable to find a means of escape, and their horses stampeded owing to the confusion. Eight of the men jumped Into a well to escape the flames and there died of su location. Their bodies have since been brought to the surface. Other men rushed to the woods and some of them thus escaped, but the bodies of two of them were afterward found burned. Ono man reached Lake City terribly burned and there died in fearful agony. Eight teams of horses were cremated. The bodies of the burned have been taken to Lake City, whore they await burial. Most of the unfortunates were strangers, and the bodies will be shipped to friends where known. The tire in the timber near the camp of Blodgett, Cummer & D wiggins is under control and no further danger is feared there.

Big Bl»*e. A little spark and a strong southwest gale at Saginaw, Mich., resulted in a very destructive fire. In a brief period the work of years of toll was- destroyed and the fairest portion of Saginaw left a of smoldering ashes and debris. The fire is said to have started from the chimney of Briggs «Jb Cooper, on what is known as the middle ground, and, wafted by the gale, it swept down into the dismantled mill plant of Sample A Camp, on the docks of which were a number of piles of lumber. The Bristol street bridge next caught and a portion of it was destroyed. Thence the flames leaped to the east side just below Bristol street and north of the city hall, where were located a large number of buildings, including hose-house No. 6, J. F. Winkler’s ice-houses. Eleven residences on Tilden street andon both sides of Washington avenue down to Holden street were quickly licked up. Then the sparks were carried across the old bayou into the premises of the George F. Cjoss Lumber Company, the planing mill, lumber in the yard and a dozen tenement houses melting like snow. Next came the Allington & Curtis Manufacturing Company’s extensive plant and Passot’s old soap factory, all of which were wiped out. Here the fire struck Jefferson avenue, and in an hour seme of the finest residences in the city were in ashes. The flames made a clean sweep north to Emerson street, where the fire continued eastward, south and along Emerson street toward the city limits. It cut a wide swath on Owen, Howard, Sheridan and Warren avenues and other streets east. St. Vincent’s Orphans’ Home succumbed early, but the inmates were all removed to places of safety. in many instances houses caught fire and were destroyed before the occupants were hardly aware that they were in danger, and dozens of families saved practically nothing. It is impossible to give a correct account of the losses and insurance. The former will reach nearly $1,5C0,000, with probably an insurance of $700,000. Fully 1,000 men employed in factories burned are thrown out of employment and hundreds of families are homeless, as about three hundred buildings were burned. Only one life was lost, that of J ohn Clark, employed in McClelland’s file factory, who burned in front of his own heupe. A fireman named McNally was quite severely "burned. There will be many cases of distress, but the great majority of the losses are distributed among people comparatively well-to-do. The heaviest loss is that of E. Germain, which foots up to $350,000 ana throws 350 men out of employment, Wisconsin Towns Destroyed. Saturday was a bad day for the towns aijjl cities of Northern Wisconsin, which are surrounded by the pine woods. The wind blew a gale, and vegetation is so backward that everything was as dry as tinder. The conditions were those that generally obtain late in the fall, and precautions against fire are then taken. As it was, forest fires raged all along the line of the Milwaukee, Lake Shore and Western Railroad from Antigo to Buckbee and from Eland Junction to Wausau. TJhe town o! Bryant, near Antigo, waA entirely wiped out, and the inhabitants forced to flee for their lives. Thirty buildings' were destroyed and not a single house of any description was left to mark the town site. About one million feet of lumber and three hundred thousand feet of logs were also destroyed. There was little insurance. Many of the inhabitants of Bryant spent last night in the woods. It was a day of great excitement at Antigo. Forest fires blazed all around and there were several alarms of fire in the city. The last fire started in the afternoon and swept over the southern portion of the city, destroying Weed's mill and about forty houses. The damage will exceed $160,000 and 200 people were made homeless. Minne oia Town Burned. A dispatch from Bock Creek, Minn., says that that town is destroyed. Among the buildings are two General stores, a depot and several residences. The loss will probably re.’ ch $30,000. The wind at that point blew a'gale, and the town had not appliances for lighting fire. Rock Creek is a railroad town in the pine country, sixty miles north of St. Paul. PELTING HAILSTONES. Immense Damage in Pittsburgh and Vicinity by a Terrific Storm. Pittsburgh and vicinity was visited by. the most violent hail-storm every known the other afternoon. The effect was most disastrous to life and property. Heavy black clouds suddenly obscured the light of the sun, while the air became oppressively hot. Following a terrific electric flash came the crash and roar of thunder, shaking the very earth. Before man or beast could seek a cover, the deluge of lee came and for five minutes there was a terrifying WW of the elements. Chunks of ice as big as goose eggs fell. Telephone and telegraph wires were prostrated In every ilreotion; electric and cable cars were •topped by broken wires or debris choking the conduits and traffic was suspended for a longtime. The stinging pelting of the hail caused a number of serious accidents by frenzied horees. Twenty horses, some of them valuable, are known to have been killed in Pittsburg, eit er by collision or becoming entangled in electric wires. John Downey, the driver of one team, ' was dragged several squares and fatally hurt. Michael Dunn, aged fourteen, was almost electrocuted by stopping on tn electric light wire on Second avenue.

One valuable team attached to a carriage standing In front of the Monoigahela House plunged intxthe Mi nongahela river and was drowned. The funeral of Joseph Craig was proceeding along Stockton avenue, Allegheny, when the storm broke. In an instant there was terrible oonfu lon. Some of the teams ran away, ciashing into the carriages preceding them. The hearse was badly damaged, and the casket was broken open. WORK DONE IN A YEAR. Reports Submitted to the Presbyterian General Assembly. The annual reports of the various chdrch l oards submitted to the Presbyterian General Assembly, In session In the New York Avenue Church at Washington, show encouraging results in every branch of the work. The report of the permanent committee on temperance enters into that subject largely in detail and makes many recommendations. The report emphasizes the statement that the church is not a political organization, but owes it to God and humanity to give unequivocal utterance on such moral questions. The total receipts of all the boards during the year amounted to $2,71)9,563, an Increase over 1893 of $178,765. The report of the Board of Church Erection Fund shows that during the year there were 239 applications for assistance, upon whioh grants were made aggregating $105,391, and loans $61,192. This total exceeds any previous year in the history of the board, and still there is an insufficiency of supplies. The result of the year's work of the Board of Aid for Colleges and Academies has Ww- ’ NBW YORK AVENUB CHUKCH.

not proved a disappointment to the expectatiohs of the church. During the year the receipts have been $75,134. and the donations in the shape of aid aggregated $63,630. Forty institutions have been ass sted and twenty States occupied. The aggregate enrollment of students is 4,002, of whom 2,794 are engaged in systematic Bible study. The report of the Board of Foreign Missions displays a very satisfactorycondition of affairs, the only gloom being caused by the death of four missionaries. During the year forty-rix new missionaries were sent into the field, making a total in connection with the board of 622 missionaries, which with active agents of ail grades reaches a total of 1,647, including 187 ordained ministers. The detailed reports from the missions in Japan, China, Corea, Siam, and Laos, India, Persia. Syria, Africa, Mexico, Central America, and South America, the board says, call for thanksgiving. The outlook was never more encouraging. The expenditures for missions in the more important fields were as follows: Africa, $34,467; China, $180,067; India, $157,670; Japan, $94,962; Corea, 33,583; Mexico, $89,461; Persia, $96,04z; Siam and Laos, $47,953; South America, $87,103; Syria, $61,206; United States Indians, $19,848. The expenses of the home department were $50,2u0. SHOT IN A COURT-ROOM. Lawyer Wesner Murdered by Coley Brown Before t-he Judgre’* Desk. The noonday quiet of Danville. Ind., was disturbed the other day by two shots that rang out of the court-house windows and were plainly heard around the business blocks that surround the court-house square. Immediately some one ran out into the streets from the court-room exclaiming: “A man has been murdered in there.” “Who is it?” exclaimed several. “Coley Brown has just shot Lawyer Wesner," was the re§ly. Brown is president of the Indiana ational Gas Company and Samuel Wesner was an attorney of the Boone County bar. The shooting occurred in the court-room directly In front of the Judge’s desk. For several days a suit, Martin Hope against the Lebanon Gas Company, tor damages has been on trial and been bitterly contested on both sides, and the shooting was the outcome of this suit. Brown drew his revolver and fired two shots. Wesner moved toward Brown and pulled a long dagger. Just as he laid hands on Brown Brown fell and Wesner dropped upon him. He was taken off and laid down. Wesner’s strength began to fail and he died in forty minutes. Brown was arrested, his revolver confiscated, and he was taken to jail. The coroner was called and his verdict was in accordance with the facts as stated, practically charging Brown with the murder. Brown was taken to Indianapolis, where he will be out of the way of mob vfolence'.

CLOSED WITH A CRASH, Serion* Accident Marks the End of the Woman’* Congress In Chicago. Loaded with more than 100 women a section of the flooring in the Chicago Art Institute gave way. Falling a distance of ten or twelve feet the women were thrown in a frightened mass among the wrecked timbers resting on the solid foundations of the building. Eight oi ten women suffered from severe sprains .and bruises, and a score of others received a severe shaking up. Insecurity of the supports Is assigned as the cause of the accident. The section of the floor which gave way was n the vestibule entrance to Washington hall, one of the large audl orlums of the Institute. During the week thousands of people have crowded back and forth through the vestibule, and It has successfully stood the strain. Weakened, however, by continued use the supports failed. The break occurred first In the middle of the floor. A slight cracking found greeted the ears of the women, and at once the boards began to sink beneath their weight. The descent was gradual, and this was one of the reasons that more serious injuries were not sustained by the victims. Backbone of the WhLky ®»u*t Erokrfn. The backbone of the Whisky trust will now be sorely tried If not broken. Five of the largest houses have withdrawn therefrom and will run independently. The houses are both the Woolner distilleries of Peoria, the Peoria, Northern and Manhattan Distilling companies, all of Peoria, The trust pays rent to these houses to the amount of $100,600. These five houses are the largest and best In the country. They have a total capacity of 16,000 bushels, and are capable of manufacturing 86,000 gallons of spirits every day. Thb Ontario Coal Company, of. Toronto, has failed, owing nearly half a million. - 4.‘

TIS A ROTTEN COMBINE. THE CORDAGE TRUST AN INVETERATE CRIMINALA Luminous Example of ths Evil* or Fostering Industrie* I* Hur* Glno-How MoK Inlay ism Resurruotud an Almost LUolo.i* Monopoly. Rob* th* Farmer, Wall street's recent experience with the cordage trust is, to those who have eyes to see, a luminous example of the evils of fostering industries with tariffs. It is largely due to McKinleylsm that the cordage trust has, In a few years, become an Inveterate criminal—robbing farmers who use binding twine, rope, etc.; squeezing the heathen Chinee who raises hemp, Jute, and flax in the Philippines; making tramps of the workmen locked out of the mills closed to restrict production; robbing its benefactors—the American people—by selling cordage much cheaper to foreigners; and»wrecking the fortunes of Wall street’s innocent lambs that, invested in slocks watered almost beyond belief. The cordage trust was leading an almost lifeless existence when McKinley, in September, 1890, held out over $1,500,000 to‘it, by removing the duties on its raw materials, and offered it several millions more if it would hold together and take full advantage of the duties of about 2 cents per pound which he left on cordage, cables, twine, etc. The trust saw its opportunity. In October, 1890, it secured a charter, placing its capital at $15,000,000, about four times the real value. In 1891 it owned thirty-four and controlled four more of the fortynine factories in the United States, besides having full control of the eleven factories in Canada, It cornered the manila market, and toyed with the prices of both raw materials and the finished product. In 1891 it made a profit of $1,406,313, and promised over $2,000,000 during 1892. Besides closing over half of its factories, it paid John Goode $200,000 a year to hold his plant idle. Its common stock, which sold, in 1891, from 73| to 104, reached 138 in 1892. In December, 1892, the trust voted to increase its capital from $15,000,000 to $25,000,000 to make Its stock a better subject for speculation in Wall street. The additional water was not, however, poured into the pool at once; the cordage manipulators began to hatch a,scheme bigger than all others. They began systematically to soak the lambs in Wall ‘ street. Quietly the big holders let it become known that J|ov intended to bull the stock until Wtnmon was worth 150, when the $10,000,000 would be added. They never got it beyond 147; and common stock sold at only 70 in February, after the water was added. Since then there has been a decline, but it was still selling above 60 when the insiders began to unload in heaps. In a few days it bad declined to less than 20, and Wall street was on the verge of a panic. That the cordage industry needed no protection has become evident to all since the trust has put'its product on the English market at prices far below its home figures. On May 4, the very day the break began, the Iron Age said: “The National Cordage Company are moving energetically in the direction of European trade,' and it is even intimated that manila rope has been offered abroad at prices which almost permit its being reimported -from Great Britain to greater advantage than it could be bought in New York.” In leaving duties on articles made by trusts we are inviting fraud, depredation, and ruin. If we sow to the wind we must expect to reap to the whirlwind.—Byron W. Holt.

Those Tell-Tale Hat Trimming*. Who pays the tariff tax? Protoo tionlsts seem to believe, and McKinley preaches, that the foreigner pays it. They claim that the foreigners pay it for the privilege of entering our markets. In regard to the tariff on hat trimmings the customs officers interpreted the law as placing a duty on hat trimmings more than double what the importers claimed that it actually did, but paid what they claimed was excessive, though aider protest. John Wanamaker was one of these. John is a prominent advocate of high tariff and preaches the doctrine that the foreigner pays the tax, yet he sued the Government for tlie excess. The court decided in his favor and it was refunded. Now. if the foreigner, as he says, pays the tax, it must have been the foreigner who paid the ekcess. Then what right had John Wanamaker to sue for it, or what right had the court to decide that the money musttfcTefunded to him? If, as John foreigner pays the tax, thtu/jie. must have paid the excess, and/heonly hn.d the right to sue, and/to him only should the money hav/been refunded. But Brother knows that he himself paia the tax, and that when he sold pie goods he added the tax and that the consumer refunded him. The consumer then paid the tax, and he Is the only one who has the right to sue, he only has the right to receive the money refunded. Under the decision several millions of dollars have been refunded to importing merchants. In every case I when they sold goods they added the | tax, and trie consumer refunded them, i And now the court has decided that the Government shall also refund them. The Government has collected more than $12,000,090 in such excess of duty, and there are cases still pending which, without a doubt, the court will decide the same as it did the first The Government will give certain importing merchantssl2,ooo,000, for what? Nothing; it will give it to them because the law compels it The merchants will get $12,000,000 for nothing, but the consumers, who actually paid the tax, will get nothing. Now, this instance proves several things. It proves conclusively that the foreigner does not pay the tax, though anybody who knows anything aboutthe tariff knows that he docs not hT.ose great advocates of protection, McKinley and Wanamaker, who say that he does, know that in’saying it they utter a falsehood. -It proves that the tariff gives opportunity to some to get possession of that which Is not theirs, which they did not create and to which they can have no moral right, and which it is dishonorable and dishonest on their part to receive and retain. It proves — -

—— - - also that even the plou«, saintly, devout Christians cannot withstand the temptation to enrich themselves oven though they must descend to unrighteous and dishonorable means. —Herkimer County Free Press. Catting end Nlashing. The Reform Club’s proposed tarlfi bill hits started, discussion anew on the tariff question in all of the protected factories, villages and cities in this country. The interviews with protected manufacturers upon the proposed bill printed in the American Economist have called forth replies , by Democratic papers acquainted; with the facts In regard to each In- • dustry. As a sample of these replies vie quote the following from the Middletown Argus, printed not verjr far from Walden, N. Y.: “Col. Tom Bradley, of the New York Knife Works, Waldon, has written to the American Ecopomlst that a revision of the tariff on the lines proposed by the Reform Club would cause the prosperity of the United States to be affected with dry rot; would paralyze the pocket cutlery business, electrocute the wages of those employed in cutlery works, and strike with apoplexy the purchasing power of the people. Stripped of the fanciful form of expression tn which Col. Bradley indulges his prediction is that everything will go to eternal smash unless the prohibitory tariff imposed on pocket cutlery by the McKinley tariff is continued, and every man and boy who buys a jackknife is compelled to pay twice its value for the benefit of himself and other American manufacturers. It’s the old shiiek of the'calamity howlers, shriekler than ever before and with more agony in it. But Col. Bradley’s shrieks frighten no one hereabouts. We all remember the prospectus of the knife trust, which it was proposed to form last year, and in which the profits of knife-making were declared to be so great that it would be possible to pay enormous dividends on a capitalization that took in the knife works at about twice their actual value. No one proposes to ruin Col. Bradley’s business, but when the tariff is revised he and other knife manufacturers will have to get along like farmers, merchants, and the rest of the world on a fair and reasonable profit. The Democratic scheme of tariff reform does not propose taxing every man who buys a knife that the New York Knife Works may enrich their owner# in a single year.” Stabbing the De/nocratlc Party. Several well-meaning Democratic papers continue to advocate the reimposition of duties on sugar, coffee and tea. While it may be true that such duties would be as just and fall as lightly on the people as is possible under any tariff, or indirect tax, yet the masses of the people do not want these articles taxed. They have learned but the primer lessons in taxation and their first great object lesson was that a duty on sugar is a tax. They, therefore,' are strongly opposed to duties on sugar and other articles not produced Ip this country, to any considerable, extent. t Do these papers think that the Democratic or any other party can ride rough-shod over the wishes of the people? It is less and fewer taxes on the necessaries of life that will please the people and Ingratiate Into their hearts the party that grants these boons.® The masses are now studying their First Reader on taxation. When they have finished it they may understand that protective duties on woolens, cottons, glass, and other articles made largely in this country are the worst of all tariff duties, because more than four-fifths of all such taxes lodge in the pockets of the protected manufacturers, and only a small fraction filters through into Uncle Sam’s pockets. But It is not at all likely that the masses will be any more reconciled to sugar and coffee duties, for by the time they are ready to begin their Second Reader they will be sick and tired of all tariff and other indirect taxes which always abstract money from the masses to give bounties and subsidies to the classes. Newspapers that understand the wishes and needs of the people will not advocate duties on' sugar, tea, and coffee, unless they think that some other party can better serve the interests of all and want to kill the Democratic party. The people will tolerate neither a sugar duty nor the party that forces them to pay it. What Judge Lawrence I* Doing. We have leceived a welcome letter from Hon. William Lawrence, of Ohio, in which he states that Columbus Delano and himself are arranging to import a few Scotch black-face sheep—“the best mutton sheep in the world. ” If they can introduce them into Michigan and the best regions west, and in sections like Maine, Minnesota, etc., with the proper crosses on the sheep of this country, they argue that they can produce all the carpet woo! needed, and give cheap mutton to all our cities—that is to say, they argue that they can do this “if the New England manufacturers will aid them in securing what the Republi- ; can platform of 1.888 promised—full • and adequate protection for the wool l industry.” Without this, they argue that the wool manufacturing industry will be Imperiled, its growth retarded, and existing enterprises destroyed. Judge Lawrence adds that these Scotch sheep are the proper sheep for the Reporter’s Maine farm. It is understood, that on Sept. 28 and 29 there will be a national mass meeting of wool growers at Assembly Hall, Exposition grounds, Chicago, and,-on Oct. 5, in the same place, the National Wool Growers* Association will meet, -and it is asserted that they propose “to tear up the ground" and bury free wool theories very deep. Judge Lawrence advises us to come into the, protection fold before the earthquake overtakes us. The genial Judge’s letters are always as welcome as the flowers that bloom in the spring, but, in struggling against the rising Aide of public sentiment in favqAgf free raw materials, our genlawSwhio friend will make as little headway as did Dame Partington in sweeping away the Atlantic Ocean with a mop.— I W 00l Cotton Reporter.