Decatur Democrat, Volume 36, Number 13, Decatur, Adams County, 17 June 1892 — Page 6

She DECATUR, IND. B. EUACXBOTIN, ■ • • Pow—■ J 899 JUKE 189* Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa_ V • • 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 { 30 • • • • • -A. * * * A MAGAZINE EXPLOSION AN AWFUL CALAMITY IN A SHELL ROOM. Twelve Pereone Terribly Mutilated and Two Tossed Into the Bay—A Fiend's Lonf Sentence-Tornado at Chicago—A Town Destroyed by Fire. an awful calamity. A Dozen Men Killed by an Explosion. A special from San Francisco, dated the 15th tnst, says: Residents of Vallejo were startled by a report which shook the town like a sharp shock of earthquake and immediately the fire bells at the navy yard were rung and the conclusion reached was that there was a fire on Mare Island. But down at the magazine there belched forth into the sky an immense cloud of smoke and for half an hour report after report was heard as the shells exploded. Immediately the entire navy yard force rushed for the magazine and a horrible sight presented itself. The burned and charred bodies of the two apprentice seaman were found on the beach, 200 yards from the scene of the explosion. In the midst of the ruins and fltl around on the side hills were found bodies and pieces of bodies scattered here and there. The bodies were taken out as fast as possible, and when all were put alongside of each other they counted twelve, with Gunner Kittinger of the Boston, at the head. Some were cut in two, others were minus a leg or an arm or head. Twelve men were killed outright and three were taken to . the hospital wounded, but dying. The explosion had thrown them into the bay and a boat from a merchantman opposite rescued them and then went through the smoke and ruins for others. The cuticle of almost the entire bodies of these two as well as their clothes were blown oft and yet they were conscious and able to move, but they cannot recover. A working party of fifteen men from the United States Steamship Boston, was preparing ammunition and filling shells for the ship. All were at work in the filling room of the magazine under charge of Gunner Hettinger. It is supposed that one of the party dropped a shell and that the concussion caused an explosion. One of the first to go to the scene was Dr. Lewis of the Naval Hospital. Although now and then an explosion of a shell occurred, he braved the danger and went into the midst of it to save life if possible, but the explosion had finished its work. There were three magazine watchmen, named Collins, Burns and Damstedt on duty in other parts of the grounds, who were severely injured. Watchman Collins had a narrow escape. A piece of shell glanced from the top of his head and left an ugly contusion. The first one had shaken him almost senseless and after he was struck he waited for an hour about the ruins. Gunner Hittinger was blown on the roof of shell bouse No. 1, having been blown clear through the roof of .shell bouse No. 2. Mrs. McDougal of the light house, with her daughters, Misses Bessie and Carrie, was early in giving assistance to the wounded, bringing bandages and doing much that was necessary at the moment. Magruder, Crane, Page, Moore, and Lewis, all of the navy, were on the scene, but there was not much for them to do. The work of identifying the dead has not yet begun as the energies Os all have been devoted to getting the remains together and quenching the fire. Almost the entire crew of the Boston, to which ship the dead and wounded belonged, worked hard in the ruins under the direction of Lieutenants Pease, Robinson, and Hughes. Fierce Fight Between Property Holders and Ballway Employes. Bay City (Mich.) special: A fierce battle occurred between property owners and West Bay City Electric railway employes. The railway company undertook to lay a switch. Thecitizens armed themselves with two lines of hose, which they attached to city hydrants and for two hours played upon the working railway men, who, on account of the flood, were obliged to retire and the street was filled to overflowing with water and the main track partly washed out. Citizens are on watch and are prepared to renew the battle. An Awful Fall. Charles Waite an aeronaut, who gave a baloon exhibition at Tolchester Beach, an excursion resort on Chescpeake Bay, received injuries which are likely to prove fatal When l,soo|feet above ground he cut loose with a parachute, the ropes of which became tangled, preventing its opening properly. Waite came down like a flash making desperate efforts to disentangle the ropes. He fell in a cornfield. The, doctors say no bones are broken. Highwaymen Captured. A. J. Greer, chief of a gang of highwaymen who have committed many robberies, has been ’ captured by Deputy Sheriff Jackson and jailed at Huntington, Texas. His arrest was brought about by L. F. Francisco, who was assaulted in May by three masked men and robbed of 830,000. He recognized his assailant’s voice and offered a reward of 8200 for their arrest. Tornado at Chicago. Chicago was visited by a terrible tornado, doing much damage to property. Many persons were killed and injured. Destroyed by Fire. The whole business portion of Rocheport, Ma, was burned. Sixteen Buildings were destroyed. Loss 875,000. Two Drowned. Owen Barry and Wesley Davis were drowned at Fort Wayne while Lathing. A Pupil Die. of Her Punishment. Philadelphia special: Nurella Wellby, a little 11-year-old girl living on Moyaxnensing avenue, was killed by punishment inflicted on her in one of the public •chobls. During a processional march the teacher observed her treadipg on the heels of the other girls. For this she was made to stand aside, and after awhile the teachSr, byway of punishment, told her to walkj up and down a long flight of stairs. The teacher meant only to have her walk for a few minutes but she forgot all about the feeble child, and the little one kept on trudging away for several hours. At last when the school was dismissed, she went home.

On the way she rell exhausted, and It was with difficulty that her companions got her homo. She grew weaker and weaker until she finally died. The Decor says her death was directly due to the punishment. LIGHTNING IN A POT,-DEB MILL. Cartridge Machine. Exploded-One Mun Killed and Several Hurt. Cincinnati special: An explosion occurred at the powder factory at King’s Mills, twenty miles from hero. During a severe thunder-storm the machines in the cartridge house exploded and Archie Grubbs, aged 20, living at Morrow, Ohio, was instantly killed by a piece of iron being driven through his head. Joshua Clootte, had his leg broken and hack Injured; Louis Ludeke. arm and face badly hurt; Miss Bettie Horner, prostrated by shock; Edward 11 Boris, face cut and head bruised. Several others were slightly injured. Thirty persons were employed about the building. Eight cartridge machines were running when the explosion occurred. A bolt of lightning struck one of the powder hoppers on the top floor and ran down an electric wire to the cartridge machines below. The factory Is a total wreck. About two years ago a spark from a locomotive caused an explosion In the same place, killing several and wounding a large number. That explosion cost the Pennsylvania Railroad Company 8100,000. The Slayer of Je.ee Jamea Filled With Buckshot. Bob Ford, the slayer of Jesse James, was shot by Deputy Sheriff Kelly in his new dance hall at Rio Grande avenue Crede, Col Kelly was standing at the door talking to a woman. An unknown man was seen to hand Kelly a double barrelled shot gun, when he stepped into the hall and called: “Bob.” Ford turned around when but five feet away, and placed his hand on his hip pocket Kelly raised his gun and fired a load of buckshot in Ford’s neck severing the windpipe and jugular vein and killing him instantly. Ford and Kelly had soma trouble in Pueblo some time ago, and the killing is the outcome of that Kelly gave himself up and refuses bail. Sweedes and Hungarians Strike. Marquette (Mich.) special: A riot occurred with striking miners at the Osceola mine. Charles Daniels, a mine captain, and Chris Dungelson, a laborer, were instantly killed. Four hundred Sweedes and Hungarians compose the strikers, and they are growing more bold and excited every hour. The Marquette rifles have been notified by the Governor to be ready to leave for the scene of trouble at a moment’s notice and are now underarms. There is every evidence that a strike will be inaugurated among the 3,000 men at the Calumet and Heckla mines within a day or two. Three Lives Crushed Out. A freight train on the i.orthern division of the Chicago, Milwakee and St Paul railway was wrecked at Hartford, Wis.. thirty-seven miles north of Milwaukee. Three men were killed, ! They were: R. J. Fahl, engineer; George Rood, fireman; James Roach, brakeman. The first two lived in this city. Roach was a resident of Madison. At the time of the accident the train was running on a culvert which had settled, owing to a flood caused by a cloudburst The train broke through the culvert and plunged into the river. The dead are under the wreck. Cutting Passenger Bates. Chicago special: The Pennsylvania and Erie claims and the Baltimore and Ohio denies that the latter is cutting rates to the Democratic National Convention. Vice-Chairman Donald is convinced that the Baltimore and Ohio had cut rates and. quietly authorized competing linesto meet them. The most definite charge Is that the Baltimore and Ohio captured the Jackson Club of Mansfield, Ohio, on a 50 per cent ent rata The Erie and Pennsylvania say they will immediately make any rate made by a competitor. Orgeou Election. Returns from the Oregon election are {ar from satisfactory, but-enough is mown to be ’almost certain who is plected. For Congressman, Hermann, (rep.,) in the First district has a majority of 4.000; and Ellis, (rep.,) in the Second district 3,000. The majority of Moor, (rep.,) for Supreme Judge, will hardly exceed 1,500. Chamberlain, Idem.,) for Attorney General, leads by foo. The Legislature now stands: Senate —Republicans, 18; Democrats, 12, Nouse—Republicans. 36; Democrats, 24. Increasing Activity of Vesuvius. Naples special: The eruption of Mount Vesuvius is hourly increasing in violence. Lava is pouring out of the crater in immense volumes like a river |of molten metal. The base of the mountain bas been shaken by earthquakes, attended with deep rumbling and thunderous noises, which have alarmed even the most seasoned inhabitants of the Ineigbborhood. Earthquakes have also •been felt, inore or less, all over the south of Italy. The First in France. The corner stone ot the first “Young Men’s Christian Association of France” building was laid in Paris, recently. The edifice will cost a million of francs of which 400,000 were donated by Mr. James Stokes and family, of New York, who, with several other Americans were present at the ceremony. A similar amount has been promised by M. Andre, regent of the Bank of France, and his friends. Fire at Hartford City. The Crescent paper mills of Hartford, City, Ind., burned to the ground. These were the largest of the kind in the State of Indiana and covered many acres of ground. The entire plant was valued at nearly 5200.000 and nothing was saved but the pulp mills, which are worth probably 840,000. The owners carried an insurance in the Lumbard agency of Fort Wayne for 865,000. A Woman Elected. In order to settle definitely the result of the School Board election held at Decatur, 111., three separate counts of the 2,847 ballots was necessary. Mrs. Moris Stafford was declared elected over Mayor W. B. Chambers by a majority of five votes. The Equal Suffrage Club will have a parade and Mrs. Stafford will ride In an open carriage drawn by four white horses. Murderous Wretches. Mike Pendergast and Henry Stemmick entered the saloon of Nels Anderson at Deadwood, S. D., and ordered drinks. Upon being refused they attacked the proprietor, the former using a revolver and the latter a knife. The shots from the revolver went wide, but Stemmick got near enough to Anderson to cut his throat. j.. A Cloud Buret at Hartford. A clould burst visited Hartford City, Ihd., and the waters became so high in the city limits that a horse was drowned in a stable. He could not be extricated. Among some driftwood that floated into the place was a sign from a business room In Portland. Sidney Dillon Dead. I Sidney Dillon died at his homo In New York. Mr. Dillon was the President of ,the Union Pacific Railroad and one of

the most distinguished railroad men of the country. His wealth Is estimated at 830,000,000, and he had given largely to charities. A Big Find. 11. N. Cox, residing near Nevada, Ma. while digging under a floor of his residence In the course of some repairing, discovered a large kettle full of money supposed to have been burled there during the war. The discovery was made four weeks ago, but the nows has only now leaked out. Cox’s hired man Is reported as saying the find amounted to 830,000. Wants a State Soldiers' Home. The ninth annual State encampment of Sons of Veterans, Michigan division, was held at Battle Creek- The usual routine business was transacted and several committees appointed, the most important being one to aid the G. A. R. in securing legislation for the erection of a soldiers' home in Michigan; also one to add an insurance system to the order. Drowned Wklle Soiled arKpllepsy. William Kearney, painter, 20 years oi age, fell from the Vandalia railway bridge over the Wabash river at Logansport, Ind., and was drowned in the presence of several witnesses. The body was carried away by the high water, and has not been recovered. The accident was caused bv an attack of epilepsy, to which young Kearney was subject. Mr. Shively Don't Want IL In a letter addressed to the democracy of the Thirteenth Indiana congressional district, the Hon. Benjamin F. Shively announces that he has decided to close his congressional career at the expiration of his present term and that his name shall therefore not go before the Congressional Convention as a candidate for renomination. An Electric Storm Near Columbus. A special from Columbus, Ind., says: This county was visited by a terrific electric and rain storm. A large barn belonging to John Scrump was struck by lightning and burned. Five head of horses perished and a large amount of grain was consumed. Loss, 84,000; no insuranca The country around here is deluged with water. A Fight with Smugglers. Seattle (Wash.) special: Local customs officers, after a desperate fight with a gang of Chinamen, seized 375 pounds ot smuggled opium in a wash house Three Chinese, one a woman, were badly wounded by the officers. All are now in the hospital. One of the officers was cut by a dagger used by the woman. Four Perish by Lighting. Three negro men and a woman were killed by lightning on a plantation ten miles from Canton, Tenn., during a storm. Reports of damage by hail continue to come in from the surrounding country. Cotton and corn were beaten Into the earth, and trnit trees were completely stripped by the hailstones. Battle with Bandits. Word was received at Wichita, Kan., from the posse in pursuit of the perpetrators of the recent Indian Territory train robbery that they had overtaken the gang in the Antelope hills and exchanged shots, but the bandits escaped, having the fresher horses. Bribe Taking Law Makers, A sensation was recently caused in the Massachusetts Legislature by Representative Bennett of Everett, producing proof that money was being used to bribe members to vote for the bill revising the rights of the defunct Cape Cod Canal Company. Mysterious Affair at Madison. William Lockard, unmarried and aged 23, either committed suicide or was murdered at Madison, Ind. He was found dead with a bullet In his brain. There is said to be a woman involved in the mystery. A Narrow Escape. Mrs. Thomas Jennings of New Albany. Ind., fell into a well on her premises and was found fifteen minutes afterward nearly exhausted, clinging to the wall. Her recovery is doubtful. Killed by a Horse. Mr. Cass McCase, a young farmer residing on Teams Run, near Gallipolis, Ohio, was kicked by a horse and killed. He leaves a wife and three children to mourn his demise. Caused a Blot. Rev. Mr. Slattery attempted to deliver a lecture at Keokuk, lowa, in opposition to “Romanism.” A riot ensued, and two men, Pat Harrington and Tom Gleen, were shot Two Men Killed by Lightning. At Paris, Ky., Charles Rea and Will Haden, both colored, were struck by lightning while standing under a tree for shelter. Rea was killed and Haden fatally injured. A Groat Race Planned. Allerton and Axtell, the famous trotting stallions, have been matched to trot at St Joseph, Ma, at the meeting in September for a purse of 810,000. Murderer Alexander Whitely, a white man confined in the Albemarle (N. C.) jail on a charge of murder, was lynched by a mob. THE MARKETS. CHICAGO. Cattle—Common to Prime.... $3.50 ® 4.78 Hogs—Shipping Grades 3.50 @ 5.00 Sheep—Fair to Choice 4.00 @ 8.25 Wheat—No. 2 Spring.... 85 & .85 COBN—No. 2, new... 51 @ .62 — Oats—No. 2 33 & .34 Rye—No. 2 79 @ .81 Butter —Choice Creamery 17 @ .13 Cheese—Full Cream, flats 09 @ .0944 Eggs—Fresh 15 @ .16 Potatoes—Choice old. per bn., .45 @ .65 INDIANAPOLIS. Cattle—Shipping,, 126 @ 4.50 Hogs—Choice Light . 3.50 @ 5.00 Sheep—Common to Prime 3.00 @ 4.50 Wheat—No. 2 Red 86 & .87 Cobs—No. 1 White 49 & .51 Oats—No. 2 White 36 & .37 ST. LOUIS. Cattle 3.00 @4.60 Hogs 3.50 @ 4.76 Wheat—No. 2 Red 86 <s .87 Corn No. 2 45>4@ 46J6 Oats—No. 2 32 @ .33 BYE—No. 2 77 @ .79 CINCINNATI. Cattle 3.00 & 4.50 H0g5...... 3.00 @5.00 Sheep..;. 4.00 84 6.50 Wheat—No. 2 Red 87 @ .89 Cobs—No. 2 .48 @ .50 Oats—No. 2 Mixed 35 & .36 DETROIT. Catt1e........ 3-00 @ Hogs . 3.00 & 4.75 Sheep 3.00 ® 6.75 Wheat—No. 2 Red 91 @ .93 Corn—No. 2 Yellow 5054@ .6154 Oats—No. 2 White..,;..... 37 & .88 ■ - TOLEDO. Wheat—No. 2 92 @ .93 Corn—No. .2 White 62)4® .5354 Oats—No. 2 White 35 @ :m Rye . 81 @ .83 EAST LIBERTY. Beef cattle—Fine 4.00 ® 5.75 Good 3.00 @ 4.25 Common 2.00 @3.25 Hogs—Prime „ 4.50 ® 5.00 Sheep—Choice.. 4.50 @6.00 Lambs 6.50 & s.so MILWAUKEE. Wheat—No. 2 Spring S 3 ® .86 Cobs-No. 1 3 49)4® .5054 Oats-No. 2 White 35 @ .37 Rye—No. 1 78 @ .80 Barley-No. 2 55 @ .67 NEW YORK. Cattlb ; .- 3.60 ® 5.00 Hogs 3.00 @5.60 Sheep 6.00 ® 6.50 Wheat—No. 2 Red 1.00 @ 1.01 Corn—No. 2 58 .60 Oats—Mhted Western 8854® .8054 Butter—Creamery 17 @ .18

THE LIGHT OF LOGIC. THE SO-CALLED "PROTECTIVE” SYSTEM ILLUMINATED. * V" ’< Un Irenal Progroaa of the Tarlff-KaS>rm Movement— President Barrtson’s Position—Th* Waya ot Truala—Episode la Detroit—Crooked Taxatlop. The Campaign of Education. A little over four years ago, when Grover Cleveland tent to Congress his now famous tariff reform message, there was no organised agitation against the Imposition of the tariff taxes which, even then, before the McKinley bill was concocted, lay with oppressive weight upon nearly every industry and upon nearly every article of general consumption by the people. Here and there a bold champion ot fair play raised his voice against the filching system, and there was an under current of resentment against it, but no groat manifestation was made. When President Cleveland sent in his plucky challenge to the supporters of high taxes and placed himself at the head of the sentiment demanding reform, the situation rapidly began to change, and, as was said at that time, the whole country was transformed into a debating school. In the progress of the debate since 1888, the allied forces of monopoly have received some pretty hard knocks, and have lost ground steadily. Very much of the success of the fight against oppressive taxes has been due to the systematic publication of the plain facts about the tariff question. The newspapers have spoken boldly. Men who had been handicapped in their business for years by the tariff came out and said so. When the effect of the high tariff taxes upon different productive occupations came to be considered, something like the full effect of such legislation could be realized. Since 1888 the Reform Club, of New York, has been publishing the results of careful investigations as to how far each of the various leading industries of our country have been affected by the tariff laws and in what manner. Besides explanations of the interests of the general farmer and laborer, they have published brief essays iipon the iron and steel industry, cdpper and brass, coal, salt, dairy farming, wool, grapes, sugar, pottery, glass, wall paper, hats, gloves, etc. As far as their means would allow they have distributed and are still distributing these all over the United States. They have also carried on an aggressive agitation by means of joint debates, non-partisan addresses, and in other ways. A recent report of the work of this organization gives details of the work done in over a dozen States of the Union and their plans for the great contest of *92. Is President Harrison a Free Trader? On his way from Washington to Rochester the other day, while the train was stopping at Williamsport, Pa., President Harrison said: “Who can tell what is before us as a people. If we open our minds now aa citizens and statesmen io great opportunities which are before us? I believe that we are now entering npon a greater development as a nation, that we are now pushing to a place of influence and importance among the nations of the earth, that we are now about to conquer in the markets and in the commerce of the world a place we have never had before; and I Invoke, without division of party, the earnest and hearty co-opera-tion of my fellow-citizens in these great hopes and plans.” The things that wiU do more than aH else to develop this nation and make us the conquerors of markets and commerce as, in accordance with our inventive genius, enterprise, ability and natural opportunities, we undoubtedly should become, are: (1.) Free raw materials for our manufacturers, so that they will not be handicapped in the open markets of the world. (2.) Removal of duties that restrict trade and commerce and eripple and impoverish our farmers and other producers, by compelling them to sacrifice one-third of their products before they get back to their doors the returns for their goods. (3.) The removal of duties that Increase the cost of food and clothing and decrease the efficiency of our workingmen by forcing them to eat improper food and to wear cheap, shoddy clothing. (4.) The removal of taxes and restrictions upon shipping that make it more expensive to fly the stars and stripes than any other flag. The people have already expressed their willingness to co-operate with the party and leaders that will do these things, and they, too, think that when we open our minds as citizens and statesmen, and seize the great opportunities before us, we will occupy a place in the markets and commerce of the world never held before. Their platform is a big and non-partisan one, with plenty of room. Get aboard, President Harrison! Nuts for Protectionists to Crack. If, as protectionists tell us, wages ■depend upon tariffs, then, as we have the same tariff in all parts of the United States, it would be natural to conclude that wages should be uniform from Maine toCalifornia. The Foundrymen’s Association, of Philadelphia, after a considerable amount of correspondence, has compiled a tabulated statement of wages paid in foundries of the United States printed in the Iron Age of May 26, 1892. Some of the figures are from countiy foundries, others from car-wheel, stove and malleable, iron and pipe shops, etc. According to this table the average wages of molders vary from $3.50 per day in San Francisco and Oakland, Cal., to $1.60 in Hagerstown, Md. A few of the other averages are: in Pittsburg, Pa., $3; Conshohocken. Pa., $2.83|; Philadelphia, $2.50; Chester, Pa., $2.40; York, Pa., $2.10; Reading, Pa., $2; Allentown, Pa., $1.90; Bloomsburgh, Pa., $1.75; Denver, Colo., $3.25; Now York and Brooklyn, $3.; Chicago, 111., $2.75; Charleston, S. C., $2.60; Portsmouth, N. H., $2.25; Elmira, N. Y., $2; Wilmington, Del., $1.85. The average wages of core makers vary from $3.50 In Leadville, Col., and $3.26 in San Francisco, Cal., to $1.25 in Elmira, N. Y.. Brockport, N.‘ Y., and Selma, Ala.; of cupola tenders from $3.50 in Oakland, Cal., to $1 in several Southern cities; of chippers from $2.50 In Leadville, Col., to 75 cents in Athens, Ga. Will some kind and logical protectionist please explain these discrepancies? Will he also Inform us how it is that the highly paid labor in Eastern cities compete with the poorly paid labor in neighboring cities and In the South, and turns out his product cheaper than the poorly paid laboi- can turn out their product? He might also give his reasons for thinking that New York laborers abed protection from the pauper labor of Canada and none from the pauper labor of Maryland; and why a tariff wall should not be constructed on the Allegheny Mountains to protect the $3-a-day labor of Pittsburg from the $2-a-day labor of Reading and Harrisburg. Such apparent Inconsistencies as these are daily occurring to many untutored minds and it behooves the protectionist to be on the alert, with simple, straightforward arguments to dispel them. ’ How About This, Mr. McKinley? Detroit dispatch to New York World: lu February, Gov. McKinley, of Ohio, who was here to attend the Michigan Club banquet, visited the ® e Y t P earl button factory, and claimed that it was one of the results <A his wonderful tariff-

law, which put a high rate of duty on pearl buttons, although the Inventor ot the new machinery which made the factory possible worked his ideas out before the McKinley bill was thought of. Yesterday the 150 girl employes, who ran the machines for drilling and facing the buttons, struck against a reduction of wages, ranging from 5 to 15 per cent A few of the older girls were getting $4.50 a week each, but the majority earned $2.50 to $3.50 and a large number of beginners got only $2. Many a poor girl has had her fingers pinched In the machinery so that she could not work for weeks. All the girls are worn and sickly In appearance. ' Twenty of the girls returned to work I yesterday and their hair was pulled and | they were called “scabs* in true man style by the strikers. The company called for the police and the promises are now guarded. To-day seventy more of. the girls were coaxed back. Rather than let them go out at lunch time and meet the strikers the manager provided ice cream, cake, and pie for them. The Trades and Labor Council has taken charge and will organize the girls Into a union on Thursday evening. 4 Crooked Taxation. The great crime of our tariff is that which is inherent in every tariff. It Is the most ingenious and effective means ever devised for the plunder of the poor and the enrichment of the rich. Ido not now refer merely to direct robbery of the poor for the benefit of the rich through so-called protective and prohibitory measures; I refer to the whole system of indirect taxation which is founded upon tariffs and could not exist for a day without them. Indirect, or, as I always prefer to call it, crooked taxation, was Invented in days when the mass of the people had, as a famous bishop boastingly said, “nothing to do with the laws except to obey them. ” It owed its origin to the grasping desire of despotic governments and their agents to extort as much as possible from the people. The wealthy classes had a power of resistance which made It dangerous to push them very far. The tax-gatherers attempted to collect direct taxes from the people at large, but found the task too laborious and costly; just as In Boston to-day the collection of poll-taxes from the poor costs more than the entire receipts from the poorer classes. Then it occurred to them that, by taxing the food and clothing of the people, they might compel the poorest to pay tribute out of their misery. As soon as the new Idea was put into practice it was found that taxes upon consumption were productive of far greater revenue, with far less resistance upon the part of tax-payers, than any form of straightforward taxation which had ever been tried. So it was very acceptable to the tax-gath-erers. After a short experience of crooked taxation, rich men everywhere realized that it relieved them from most of the burdens of government, and as they were gradually admitted into some share in public administration, they insisted upon the abolition of direct taxes and the substitution of crooked ones. In France and Spain the same methods were adopted and carried even further. Taxes upon food, clothing, furniture, buildings, and other necessaries of life, whether levied by a tariff upon imports or a tax upon home productions, are what are known in economic science as taxes upon consumption, and it Is inevitable that such taxes should be paid principally by the poorer classes and only to a trifling extent by the rich. This is easily understood upon a few moments’ reflection. If bread is taxed, the 40,000 families who own half the wealth of this -Country cannot eat more bread than 40,000 day laborers’ families, if as much. The 10,000,000 families who own less than one quarter of the national wealth will pay five hundred times as much of the bread tax, in proportion to their means of payment, as will the 40,000 favored ones. A single hungry newsboy will pay as heavy a bread tax as a multi-millionaire. What is true of bread is true, to a slightly less degree, of every other thing which is made the subject of crooked taxation. It will be said that luxuries are taxed, and that such taxes are paid only by the rich. But the amount of taxes which are or can be collected on pure luxuries, used only by the rich, is ridiculously small, compared with the entire public revenue. What are called luxuries are used largely by the poor; and the attempt, sometimes made, to justify taxes upon the poor sewing-girl’s ribbons, gloves, bits of lace, and tiny ornaments, as superfluous luxuries Is an act of purse-proud arrogance and impudence for which no words are hot enough. There never has been, there is not now, and there never will be any system of taxation upon consumption which does not bear ten times as heavily upon the great mass of the hard-working people aa it does upon the rich and prosperous, or which does not bear a hundred or a thousand times as heavily upon day laborers and sewing-women as it does upon the few men in whose hands many millions are concentrated. The result is, of course, that the small savings of the hardest-working class are almost entirely swept away by crooked taxation, while the savings of the very rich are almost entirely untouched. Year by year the concentration of wealth in few hands goes on at ever accelerating pace.—Thomas G. Shearman. s;„The Borax Trust. All the borax obtained in this country comes from Utah, Nevada, California, Oregon and Washington. It is, for the most part, dug out of the ground in a marketable condition. The labor employed is Chinese. The foreign article is obtained from the lagoons of Tuscany, and has to be crystallized, transported to England, refined and then shipped here. As there was no earthly excuse for any “protection,” the consumers —meat packers, soap makers, etc. —made an attempt to have tne duty removed in 1890. McKinley reduced the duty on crude borax from 5 cents to 3 cents per pound, but raised the duty on boraclc acid, the form in which borax is generally imported, from 4 to 5 cents per pound. As might be expected there is a Borax Trust, headed by F. Mt. Smith, of California, which, about five years ago, got control of nine-tenths of the producing mines, and, as might also have been expected, this trust was not slow to utilize their "protection.” Four days after the bill went Into effect it raised the price, which had been 8J to 8j cents per pound, in August and September, to 9| and 9f cents. This price has been maintained since then. The way to break this is the way to break hundreds of other monopolies—abolish the tariff, so that the foreign product can be brought in. Now Sanitary Ware Trant. When McKinley raised the duties on sanitary pottery ware from 55 and 60 per Cent, to 65 and 70 per cent. , by putting duties on packing caskes, the seven manufacturers at Trenton, with one ih East Liverpool, Ohio, and one In Baltimore, practically had a trust, though each firm owned its own factory. Since duties were Increased the manufacturers, some of whom have made millions In a few years, cut wages about 15 per cent, after a long strike against a reduction of 10 to 40 per cent. The method of doing business by under•taadinga” oi “agreements"-Is not en-

tirely satiafaotory to the manufacturers, and on May 28, 1892, five of the big manufacturer* at Trenton incorporated in one company with a capital of 33,000,000. Those in this oombine—called the •Trenton Potteries Company"—are the Empire, the Crescent, Cook A Hancock, Delaware, Oliphant & Co., the Equitable, Leuokel, Ooxon A Co., and the Enterprise, Sklrm, Umpleby and Bryan. This trust may confidently be expected to issue another "revised” price list similar to the one issued in April, 1891, advancing the price of their goods. \ A Comparlaon. The following very moderate table of expenses of a workingman's family Is furnished by Labor Commissioner Sovereign, of lowa, and will compare favorably with the Ward McAllister table: Per ye»r House rent, $5 pel month I 60.00 Fuel 54.00 Food, two ndults, per week, t 1.70 each.... 176.80 Food, three children, per week, 84 cents esoh 181.06 One dress suit for man 13.60 One overcoat 4.60 One hat L6O One oap for winter. 80 Two pair boots 7.00 Four pair pants for wear while working. 6.00 One common oat and vest 4.00 One pair gloves and mittens 76 One pair overshoes 1-26 Two suits winter underolothee 8,00 Two suits summer underolothee 1.60 One good dress for wife 6.00 One hat A. 5.00 Winter wraps for wiM). 6.00 One corset 1.60 Two suits underwear 8.00 Pins, needles, thread, combs, muslin, hose and aprons ' 8.00 Clothing, foot and headwear, three children 45.00 Table linen 3.00 Towels 1.50 Soap, toilet and laundry 2.50 Oil for lamp 1.80 Brooms 40 Bedding and covers. 11.00 Replacing broken dishes and worn-out furniture, etc 0.00 School books for three children 9.00 Subscriptions to newspaper 2.00 Total $545.84 Mr. Sovereign’s man never smokes, chews or drinks; never belongs to clubs or lodges; never needs a doctor, preacher, lawyer or undertaker;, never attends the theater or circus, and never pays any railroad or car fare. Notwithstanding the unusual health of our economic friend he appears to be losing money. Mr. Sovereign has gathered from census bulletins, copies .of pay-rolls from shops, factories and mines, facts which show that the average male earnings in all industries is $410.54, or $134.80 less than the cost of living. With such facta as these continually being brought out by labor organizations and labor bureaus, is It any wonder that tlie laboring man Is not contented, or that some men prefer rather to tramp than work? The Tariff on Cattle. Among the changes in the tariff which the McKinley bill has made, that upon live cattle Is especially noticeable. The old rate was 20 per cent ad valorem, the new rate being $lO per head on all cattle more than one year old. Perhaps the framer of this Item had in mind importations from Canada, or possibly high-priced bulls from foreign ports, but he could scarcely have remembered that nine-tenths of all our imports of cattle are from Mexico. An average herd of Mexican cattle of the age specified would not be worth, delivered on this side of the Rio Grande, over $7 per head, while the duty would be $lO per head. In other words, the importer of cattle from Mexico could sell his cattle when he has delivered them on this side of the line for about seven-tenths enough to pay the duty. This applies to an average herd of mixed cattle; A herd of aH beeves would be worth much more, while a herd of all young females would be worth much less. When this provislbn «went into effect it caught many Texans with hundreds of thousands of cattle In Mexico, where they had gone for pasturage. These men were many of them ruined, because this tariff prohibits them from seeking United States markets, and they have been obliged to rely on the Mexican markets, which have never been very good, and are now much depressed, owing to the United State prohibition. Texas has been for many years overflowing with cattle, and many of her citizens have been In the habit of going to Mexico with their herds for pasturage, bringing back the beeves and paying 20 per cent, ad valorem; but at present a herd of beeves would bring but a trifle more than the duty.—American Wool and Cotton Reporter. The Sugar Trust. While the Ways and Means Committee are hesitating to report the free sugar bill, because they will arouse the sugar trust and put a big campaign fund into the hands of the Republicans, the trust, in the most audacious and defiant way, Is putting the screws tighter on the American people by depressing the price of raw sugar and by increasing the price of refined sugar. Every sixteenth of a cent gained in either way increases the profits of this greedy trust $2,500,000. Its present rate of profits is about $25,000,000 a year, on a capital of $35,000,000. According to the sworn testimony of H. O. Havemeyor, sugar is refined cheaper here than in England. Why, then, should the people be taxed another moment? Is it to enable the trust to make these* enormous profits and to pay eleven refineries with a capacity of 11,000 barrels a day ' (nearly one-third of our consumption) big dividends for remaining idle? Tariff Pictures. In the month of May prior to the passage of the McKinley bill, the amount of rainfall was two inches. While for the first nineteen days in the present month of May, under the McKinley bill, the amount of rainfall has been two feet. And there are people who say that more rain Is needed to settle (lie rain l that has already fallen.—Wasliington Post, May 23, 1892. What college crew would attempt to win a boat race with half of their oarsmen rowing in one direction and the other half in the other direction? And yet we expect to secure commerce by putting bounties on shipping to encourage trade while we have taxes and dutlefl on imports and shipping to restrict trade. Verily some of our statesmen are pulling at their boot straps and wondering why they don’t lift themselves, Ask your Congressman for a copy 1 of “Protection or Free Trade,” by Henry George. It is one of the best works on the subject, and as it has been quoted entire by six of the leading Democrats In the House, it is now being franked to all parts of the United States and will cost you only the penny you pay for the postal card on which to send your addrMA* , ; ' ; „, . • THE American Wool and Cotton- Reporter announces that the American Spool, Bfibfiin and Shuttle Company’s factory at Burlington, Vt., has been ordered to shut down for an Indefinite period. The spool and bobbin trust has to maintain its grip on prices if it has to close “up half of its mills. Thebe are many people who mistake trouble for religion.

THEIR LEADER DEAD; PRESIDENT L. L. POLK EXPIRES AT WASHINGTON. . ' ■ Sketch of Hie Connection with the Farmore' Alliance Moreinent-A Man ot Great Pereonal Maffnetlem.a Good Parllamanu tarlan and Forceful Speaker. The End Kae Come. Leonidas L. Polk, President of the National Farmers' Alliance, is dead. The enji came at 11:15 Sat- «

urday forenoon, at ' the Garfleld Hospital, Washington, where ho had been removed for treatment. Blood poisoning caused by blad'vder trouble was the cause of his demise. The patient had been lying seriously ill at his private residence for ten

L. L POLs.

days. The result of a consultation of physicians was his removal to the Garfield Hospital, where an operation was deemed the only means of saving his life. He became unconscious, from which condition he never rallied, and it was decided not to perform the operation. When the end came Mrs. Polk, who had just arrived in the city, was at his bedside. Telegrams from all. parte of the South were received inquiring after Mr. Polk’s condition, and ho had been daily visited by prominent men of the Farmers’ Alliance. Leonidas L. Polk was a native of Anson County, North Carolina, and was born on April 24, 1837. Ho was a descendant of the Mecklenburg family bearing that namo, and was related to Colonel Thomas and William Polk, brave soldiers of the revolution, and James K. Polk. President of the United States. His parents died while he was a youth. He was married when 21 years of age, and was soon after nominated and elected to the lower house of the State Legislature, serving at the regular and two extra sessions in 1860 and 1861. He enlisted in the Confederate army as a private, declining the offer of a captaincy, and served in the Twenty-fifth and Fortythird North Carolina regiments of infantry till the autumn of 1864, at which time he became the army candidate for the Legislature, and was elected with practical unanimity. In 1865, against his expressed desire, he was chosen a member of the State Constitutional Convention. In 1877 ho was elected Commissioner of Agriculture for his State. He had meantime continued on his farm and left it with great reluctance to attend to his official duties. In every instance the offices bestowed upon him sought the man, not the man the office He was one of the earliest advocates of the establishment of a department of agriculture. In 1880 he began the publication of the Progressive Farmer, and at the same time began the organization of farmers' clubs, Mid soon had 500 chartered and in active working order. He also advocated the establishment of an agricultural and and mechanical college and his plan was finally adopted by the State. He brought the alliance before thepeople and at its organization in North Carolina he became its State Secretary and through his Influence the farmers’ clubs previously organized by him became a part of the new organization. He was the first Vice President of the alliance in 1887, and in 1889 was chosen a delegate to the national convention of the order held in St. Louis, in December, 1889, and took an active part hi its deÜberations. When the Interstate Farmers’ Association, composed of delegate* from aH cotton States, was organized in 1887, Colonel Polk was elect- • ed President by acclamation. He was tvrice re-elected io that position without contest At the convention in St Louis in December, 1889, Col. Polk was chosen President of the National Farmers’ Alliance, and held that position continuously up to the date of his death. Under his management the orcleer had a marvelous growth, especlaUy in the South and West, and its influence was shown by the election of members of Congress in North Carolina, Georgia,. Kansas and Minnesota, and has made great progress in other States, notably Illinois and Indiana, where in a number of districts it holds the balance of power. Colonel Polk possessed great personal magnetism, and was an excellent organizer, a good parliamentarian, and a pleasing public speaker. He was in the farmers’ movement from no motives of personal ambition or profit, for he sacrificed much more than he ever could hope to gain from the success of his ideas and plans. He was earnest, enthusiastic and sincere, laboring with all his energies for the good of Ids fellow farmers and the nation at large. If he had lived he would undoubtedly have been the candidate of the Alliance for President of the United States at the election in November next. The funeral was held at Raleigh, N. C., his home, Sunday. The train bearing the body did not arrive until 3 o’clock In the afternoon. It was met at the depot by hundreds of people. The procession was formed and the body was escorted to the First Baptist Church, of which Mr. Polk was a communicant. By 4 o’clock the church was packed, the audience numbering at least a thousand. Among those present were Gov. Holt and all the State officers, members of the Supreme Court, officers of the State Farmers’ Alliance, and Grand Sire Bulssee, of the Sovereign Grand Lodge Odd Fellows. The services were conducted by Rev. Drs. J. W. Carter, T. E. Skinner and J. J. Hall. The face' of the dead was exposed, and after the choir had sung “Abide with Me” the entire audience passed in single file by the casket and viewed the body. The casket J was taken into and out of the- church by the pallbearers, who came from Washington, and who, with ladles who also came, wore given seats in front. At theconclusion of the services the Washington party returned to the train and left - for that city. World’s Fair Note*. The American Library Associationwill make a notable exhibit. The English Admiralty authorities wiU send to Chicago models 6f a number of English war vessels. Cabl Hagenbeck, of Hamburg, the celebrated dealer in wild animals, will take to Chicago his entlre.collection of trained animals. z The H. C. Frick Coke Company, of Pennsylvania, has decided to make a complete wbrklng model) in miniature of its entire plant. The New York Exposition Board is planning to show in its State building an exhibit illustrating completely the art history of the State. Hon. J. J. Gbinlinton, World’s Fair Commissioner from Ceylon, is in Chicago, engaged in making arrange- , merits for the Ceylon court. The Southern States will be well represented at the Exposition, notwithstanding only a few of them have made appropriations for that purpose. The chief motive power for the machinery at the Exposition will be supplied by a giganting engine, to be furnished free to the Exposition by the E.. P. Allis Company, of Milwaukee. . > ■. .. ... ■ .<_,- '