Decatur Democrat, Volume 35, Number 31, Decatur, Adams County, 23 October 1891 — Page 2

©he DECATUR, IND. N. BLACKBURN, . - - Pnßuma. The best of us being unfit to die, what an inexpressible absurdity it is to put the worst of us to death. ' Jay Gould is not, strictly speak* ing, a.popular man, but if it sboulr please Heaven to call him hence his funeral would be largely attended. The consummation of madness is to do what, at the time of doing it, we intend to be afterward sorry for; the deliberate and intentional making of work for repentance. A man about to make a speech in public should bear in mind that his speech will be read iis well as heard and that to be read with complacency it must be truthful and sensible all through. A Denver man is on his way to Africa to search for the mines whence Solomon and the Queen of Sheba drew their wealth. It makes Denver real proud to have all the world learn that she has a citizen who has heard of Solomon. Amelie Rives-Chanler’s new book is having’ a large sale, Mr. Cable’s - novel is a great success, and the profits of a bookmaker at Lexington, Ky., for the season are $32,000. Southern literature evidently is in fir very flourishing condition. There is a sacredness in tears. They are not the mark of weakness, but of power. They speak more eloquently than a thousand tongues. . They are the messengers of overwhelming grief, of deep contrition, of unspeakable love. A prominent New York Woman Suffragist talks about “women’s enjoying the right of franchise.” If they do that they have compassed something which is not within the limits of the power ,of men. Think of men fighting for suffrage l>ecause they should “enjoy” it! A Philadelphia man is suing a streetcar company for s2,ooodamages because there happened to be a tack on the seat of a car when he sat down. There is nothing that so aggrieves a Philadelphian as to have to get up in a hurry when fairly seated. Jay Gould is a hard working philanthropist. “He himself has said it,” and that should lie convincing. The poor-man has lost health, sleep, and happiness trying to rescue railroads from hard straits. Tn fact he has lost everything worth having except the trifling matter of money. How differently people look at things! In Germany it is a misdemeanor to allude to the Emperor’s beard; in Turkey they swear by the beard of the Prophet. But then the Prophet had a beard worth swearing while the Emperor’s beard is hardly worth swearing at. Two very important pieces of news have recently come out in Wisconsin. First we were informed that the original draft of the State Constitution is missing, and now comes the information that a brindle cow at Peewankee has swallowed her cud, and between the two it is difficult to say which is the more important. A Clergyman who smokes says he looks upon his cigar as a safety-valve for the escape of a little worldly smoke and gaseousnefe that are better set free than allowed to gather enough force to explode and scatter things.” If he is careful always to smoke gsod cigars the excuse may be allowed. Otherwise it must be waved aside. • A French geologist has made a careful calculation of the amount of solid matter carried from the surface of the land into the oceans of the earth, and has reached the conclusion that at the rate it is going it will take only 4,500,000 years for all the land to slide off into the water. It will be ’ seen, then 'ore, that that real estate company in Chicago which has been selling lots located at the bottom of the lake is only a little premature. St. Joseph,® Mo., has developed a new industry that may become as profitable and common as the pastime of train robbing that its distinguished citizens, /the James boys, once followed. A brace of nervy St. Joe citizens have just gone through a hotel and robbed office safe, clerk, barkeeper and guests. It was done so quietly and gentlemanly, but with such masterly skill, that the citizens are asking if the Youngers are returned to town. The French army authorities are understood to be giving some attention to the aerial machine invented • by Mr. Maxim for the hurling of destructives down upon the enemy. The affects anticipated from it are startling. The inventor has an important gun in use, and is regarded as a practical man. The more horrible the enginery of destruction, the less occasion there will be for it. The action of a German guard in * -compelling Chicago tourists to fetch a bucket of water and some soap and scrub his name off the base of a famous monument where the wretched man had written it made “the punishment fit the crime” in a capital manner. It is a pity that our law l'. J.,' ‘.

officers cannot do the same with dofacers of natural scenery and scribblers of autographs in public places. The doctors are discussing tho qomtion whether the epidemic la grippe will return this winter. The weight of testimony is that it is not likely to be severe. ‘ ‘The microbes of la grippe live and thrive in arctic cold,” says a wise writer, and “the long, hot summer has been the best possible agent to destroy the germs.” Such diseases, however, have to wear out gradually. La grippe will likely be a fixture among diseases for'years to come. The bicycle is to play a prominent part in coming military campaigns, and, in conjunction with those other sprightly inventions, the telephone and the phonograph, maybe expected to revolutionize warfare. England has made liberal use of the bicycle in mounting ambulance men, scouts, riflemen, and light artillery men. Evidently there is no hope that the dexterous bicyclers will supercede cavalry, for Europe’s armies are getting increase of horsemen every year. After all the denials from England in regard to the reported naval demonstration on the Island of Mitylene, an English official report now gives the details of the incident and declares that the maneuvers were carried on by permission of the Turkish authorities; that guns were landed and mining operations undertaken and successfully completed. As Turkey has also insisted that she had no knowledge of the affair, there appears to have been exercised a considerable economy of the truth in reference to the matter. There is a liberal education in common sense in the experience -of a Chicago embezzler, who was tracked to his lair by the odor of the peculiar and permeating perfume with which he was wont to scent his raiment, and, being discovered, was entrapped by aid of a photograph of himself with the head of his inamorata reclining upon his manly chest. If the melancholy experience of this predatory individual shall teach other though less erring men to avoid loud perfumes and sentimental photographs he will not have sinned in vain. What! Must a simple,* innocent snore divide man and wife, and bring about the dread decree of dire divorce 9 So it would seem, if we were to judge exclusively by the case of a Brooklyn man, who professed that he could not endure his wife’s snore. Out upon him for a selfish husband! Could he bear the coarse yell of the midnight ferryboat, the clangor of the fire engine’s bell, the blood-curdling shriek of the horse-car conductor’s whistle, yea, even the caterwouling of the feline sweet-singer saluting the dawn - from the back fence; and could not stand the snoring of his weary spouse? If he would escape condemnation let him hasten to make peace with the fair dame, and to esteem a little snoring now and then a genteel accomplishment.

A good deal of admiration has been wasted in the past on “Jim Bludso,” John Hay’s heroic engineer, who, being on the burning Prairie Belle on the Mississippi, lived up to an oath he had sworn long before and ‘ ‘held her nozzle agin the bank till the last galoot got ashore.” It did not occur to the poet, and probably escaped the notice of his readers for the most part, that when Jim had crowded on all the steam he could he had done his best and might just as well have escaped with the other “galoots.” The only man who could “hold her nozile agin the bank” was the wheelman, and he was wholly overlooked by the poet. In the latest case of a burning steamboat, however, the pilot is done full justice by the dispatches. It was on Lake Ontario that George Atkinson, the pilotofthe burning Geneva,bravely stood at his post amid the crackling flames until the boat was tied up at the wharf and every passenger had been rescued. He has furnished the text for a newer and a truer poem than “Jim Bludso.” What to Do If Jogged. “If you ever, get locked up,” says the venerable rounder to a New York Commercial Advertiser man, “there is a trick or two worth knowing. Os course I am not saying you ever will fall upon such evil ways, but in these days of ward detectives, who have got to manufacture a reputation, and superambitious policemen there is no telling what may befall the citizen who prowleth nocturnally. In the flrst place you must understand that it is to the policeman’s advantage to have you looking as disreputable as possible when you &re hauled before the bar of justice in the morning. No matter at what hour you are apprehended, do not attempt to sleep in your cell. Repose on a plank simply produces aching joints and red eyes the next .morning and gives you a riotious aspect. Fold your coat and vest up carefully and sit on them, resting your back against the wall. When you reach the prisoners’ pen in the morning you will find a basin and faucet in the corner. Take your handkerchief and scrub your face thoroughly, dampen it again and brush your hat with it, using it finally to take the dust off your boots. When you go before the judge say nothing and let your looks speak for you.” ▼ala* of Smoke. . Smoke is finding its champions in England, notwithstanding the efforts made to prevent its diffusion in the atmosphere. It is claimed that the carbon in the smoke is a powerful deodorizer, and as such is a blessing nther than a nuisance.

WHY WOOLS ARE LOWER WHAT THE SENATORS SAY ON < THE SUBJECT. AU Grades of Wool Are Lower than ‘a Year Ago—Manufacturer* of Cigar* Form a Trust to Take Fun Advantage of tho McKinley Bill—Failure* Since Jan. 1. Why They Have Fatten. t High tariffs lower wool prices; low tariffs raise wool prices. So say Senators Sherman and Allison, Thomas Dolan, the high-tariff woolen manufacturer, and the organ of the Manufacturers’ Club. That high duties on the foreign fine wools needed by our manufacturers to mix with the wools of domestic production lower the prices of our own woolsis fully shown Jby the course of wool prieds since the enactment of the McKinley tariff. The trnth of this Assertion is admitted by such leading men as Senators Allison of lowa and Sherman of Ohio. On March 24, 1870, Senator Allison said, in debating the wool tariff: “I allude to the wool tariff, a law the effect of which has been materially to injure the sheep husbandry of this country. As the law now is, the tariff upon fine wools of a character not produced in this country is 100 per cent, on their cost. Before the tariff of 1867, our manufacturers of fine goods mixed foreign wools with our domestic product, and were thus able to compete successfully with the foreign manufacturers of similar wools. But, being prohibited from importing this class of wools, these fine goods cannot now be produced in this country as cheaply as they can be imported. If they could afford to manufacture these fine goods, they would make a market which we do not now have for our fine wools to be mixed with other fine wools of a different character from* abroad. The want of a market, as I understand it, is the reason why our fine wools command so low a price. * The following from Senator Sherman’s speech in the Senate, Feb 7, 1883, on the wool schedule of the tariff of 1883, will show, that he agrees with Senator Allison as to the effect of high duties on wool. Senator Sherman said: “In 1867 the price of wool was 51 cents; in 1870, 46 cents; in 1880, which was an abnormal year, 48 cents; this was the result of the policy of protecting the woolgrower, as it is in all industries, to gradually reduce the price. Under the operation of the existing law (the tariff of 1867) the price of wool has gradually gone down. ” Thomas Dolan, who was associated with Lawrence and Delano, of Ohio, in the preparation of the wool schedule of the McKinley tariff, wrote a letter to the New York World a short time ago, in which he said: “It is an interesting fact, deserving much emphasis of statement, that the prices of wool are lower now than they were one year ago. This result was distinctly promised by the Protectionists during .the discussion which accompanied the framing of the tariff bill. ” In nearly every issue last year the high-tariff Manufacturer advocated increased duties on wool, declaring that the result of such action would lower wool prices. Thus on Jan. 1, 1890, it said: “When duties have gone up, prices have gone down; when duties have declined, prices have advanced. The domestic manufacturer has always had an abundance of superior fibfir at low prices under tariffs which imposed light duties upon wool, and he is to day paying more for wool than he would have paid if the defective tariff law of 1883, administered by a free trade administration, had not practically cut down the wool duties.” On Oct 16, 1890, after the McKinley tariff had gone into effect, it said: “The prices of wool have always declined when the duties have been advanced, and no doubt exists in the mind of any wellinformed man but they will again decline now tnat the new tariff law has put the duties up. ” No wonder that McKinley, avoids the wool question in his speeche's in justifi- 1 cation of his tariff bill when his associates in Congress and the journals, while supporting his tariff, declare that high tariffs lower wool prices and low tariffs raise them. Who Pay* the Tariff Tax? The American Economist, organ of the Protective Tariff League, asserts that binding twine has fallen in price from 14% cents per pound in October, 1890, to 11 cents per pound now. And a Kansas paper, taking up the cue. says, “Will some free-trader kindly tell us why the best binding twine costs only 10 cents per ponnd now, where one year ago it was sold for from 15 to 17 cents per pound? Does an Increase in the tariff always result in reducing the price of a commodity to the consumer?” True, binding twine has fallen in price, but not because, as the Kansas paper thinks, of an increase in the duty. McKinley and his associates tried hard to keep the duty on binding twine where it was in the tariff of 1883, but the same forces which compelled him to put sugar on the free list, namely the Representatives of the Northwestern States, also demanded as the price of their votes on his tariff that manila, sisal grass, jute, and sunn, the materials from which binding twine is made, should be put on the free list, and that the duty on binding twine should be lowered. The following were the changes made in those duties: Material*. Old Tariff. New Tariff. Manilaß2s per ton Free Sisalgraa*Bls per ton Free Sunnßls per ton Free Juteß2o per cat Free Binding twine... .2ty cent* per lb 7-10 ct Protected by a high tariff of 2% cents per. pound, the twine trust was able to charge the farmers high prices and force them to pay besides the duty on the raw material. Now, however, since the materials have been nut on the free list and the duties on twine reduced the farmers get their twine cheaper. The American Economist and the Kansas organ of high tariffism are at perfect liberty to get all the consolation they desire from this. All the farmer wants is the facts in the case, and he can be trusted t> draw his own conclusions. In short ho has already begun to learn who pays the tariff tax, his first two lessons being on sugar and binding twine. In May, 1890. the McKinley bill was advocated by its author on the express ground that it won d check the business here of foreign merchants and diminish the importation of competing foreign goods. Then its advocates did not want to conceal the fact that this was its chief purpose; they wanted their countrymen to know it. In October, 1891, they not only seek to conceal this purpose, out try to make people believe that the real object of the bill was to increase the importation of foreign goods. McKinley himse f, who a year and a half ago “viewed with alarm” the figures giving the value of our imports, and promised that his bill would check such importations, now “points with pride* to the fact that imports have really increased, and applauds Senator Sherman while the latter boas’s that the law comes nearer the Ideal of free trade than any previous tariff act Evidently the lesson of the elections of 1890 was not lost even upon McKinley.—N. Y. Evening Post A correspondent asks the Cleveland Leader where the money required for. 1 .the payment of the sugar bounty is obi tained, “from the duty bn imports, or,

-—“W* —■ ; — directly or indirectly, from the people of 1 the United States * This inquiring person appears to have been taught that the “duty on Imports* is not paid by tho people of this country, but is contributed to the National Treasury by for eign manufacturers. The Leader makes ' , this reply: “Most of the money paid as bounty to the producers of sugar comes from the duty on imports, but it Is a direct outlay by the people of the United States.* How can it be a direct outlay by the people of this country if the duties are paid, not by them, but by foreigners?—New York Times. A TRUST IN CIGARS FORMED. . - How the Manufacturer* Witt Take Full Advantage x>f the McKinley Tariff; This time it is the cigar manufacturers. McKinley added several boards to the already high fence around the cigar industry. The duty on ordinary cigars is now from 150 to 200 per cent Os course, only expensive cigars are imported, on which the duty, being mostly specific, is much less. Domestic prices have been advanced several points, but they are still often below the level of the top of the new tariff fence. The sitnation is tempting to manufacturers who consider it a disgrace to their calling to let such an opportunity go to waste. Large cigar manufacturers of New York, Poughkeepsie and Binghamton held a meeting early in October. The objects of these meetings, as reported in the papers, were to form a cigar trust, with a capital of $25,000,000, to crush the life out of small manufacturers and labor unions, and to raise prices. Mr. Theodore H. Allen, of 18 Broadway, in whose office the meetings were held, is the reputed father of this immense trust He admits that meetings were held, “but" he says, “they were to discuss business prospects and possibly to devise some means of reducing prices. ” Millions of smokers will await with anxiety the outcome of this attempt to “devise some means of reducing prices. ” They know how extremly difficult and risky it is for a single manufacturer to lower prices when profits become so high as to impinge upon his sensitive conscience. The people are becoming accustomed to these meetings held for their benefit. They expect philanthropic manufacturers to go to much trouble and expense to lower prices. Consumers might at first resist reductions if they thought that only a few firms were concerned. There are 15,000 to 30,000 cigar manufacturers in the United States, but less than 200 control the majority of the capital. Whether or not the.-e 300 can so Unite as to kill out, or buy out, the majority of the smaller manufacturers, and suppress cigarmakers’ unions, it 'is certain that the McKinley tariff bill has greatly favored large and discouraged small manufacturers. One of the ways in which it did this was by increasing the duty on tobacco to be used as wrappers from 75 cents to $2.75 per pound As Sumatra tobacco (about the only kind heretofore used as wraupers) costs only from 40 to 60 cents per pound in Amsterdam, the rate of duty is nearly 500 per cent Small manufacturers, with little credit and less capital, were unable to buy more than a few bales of Sumatra tobacco before the duty was advanced. These were exhausted in a few months and now these unfortunate manufacturers, unable to pay $3.50 per pound for wrappers that cost their competitors $3, have been* trying to convince the trade that domestic are Just as good as Imported wrappers. The trade is only convinced against its will and is inclining more and more towards the wealthy manufacturers who still have on hand from one to two years’ supply of Sumatra tobacco, and who take pleasure in supplying goods in familiar wrappers. The small manufacturers are now weakened from heavy loses of McKinleyism and can offer but feeble resistance to the attacks of their more fortunate and aggressive brethren. TARIFF SHOT. Since 1816 we have had three periods of high tariffs, one period of a moderate tariff with incidental protection, and three periods of low tariffs. How the price of wheat has been affected by the tariffs during these periods is as follows: 1. Period of moderate tariff, with incidental protection, 1816 to 1824, wheat, $1.36 per bushel. 2. Period of high and prohibitive triffs, 1825 to 1832, wheat, $1.10% per bushel. 3. Period of the low compromise tariff, 1833 to 1842, wheat, $1.35 per bushel. 4. Period of high tariff, 1843 to 1846, wheat, $1.02 per bushel. 5. Period of low revenue tariff, 1847 to 1857, wheat, $1.51% per bushel 6. Period of lower revenue tariff, 1858 to 1860, wheat, $1.42 per bushel 7. Period of high and prohibitive tariff, culminating in the -McKinley tariff, 1861 to 1890, wheat, $1.22 1-6 per bushel. High tariffs depressed the price of wheat; low tariffs raised wheat prices. Two Picture* Contrasted. During the last fifteen or twenty years farm values all ovpr the East have declined from 25 to 100 per cent. Many have been abandoned and others are mortgaged for all or more than they are worth. Several Eastern States already have abandoned-farm commissioners, to devise means for resettling these farms. Many Eastern farmers think this agricultural depression is caused by the opening of immense farming tracts in the West, where cattle and grain can be raised so much cheaper than in the East But during this same period the West has suffered in the same way, and mortgages have been even more numerous here. There must be some cause that- operates alike in both East and West It is barely possible that we have had too much “home market” during this time for the benefit of our farmers If the “home market* theory be true it would naturally be supposed that farmers nearest to. protected manufacturing centers would be most prosperous, Mohawk valley is filled with highly protected mills. Three-fcurths of the knitting. mills of the United States are at Cohoes, Amsterdam, Little Falls, and at other points In the valley. These mills are protected by duties ot from 50 to 100 Sr cent Some of the biggest carpet stories are in the valley. The duty on carpets will average 80 to 100 per cent Remington guns and typewriters are made at Ilion. Edison’s electric works at Schenectady employ 3,000 or 4 000. Linseed oil is manufactured in large quantities at Amsterdam. These are but a few of the highly protected industries that flourish in this valley. Now what of the farms along this valley? Have they fared better than those in other parts of the East? The greatest decline in farm values in New York has 1 occurred in this valley. Many farms have been abandoned, and the average uecline in values probably exceeds 60 per cent. In Schoharie County it will average nearer 80 per cent The population of this county has declined considerably since 1880. The case of the Mohawk Valley is no' --tU2

111 ' ! " " " ' ’ exception to the rule. Wherever protected manufacturers congregate, there • farm values decline most rapidly. This i phenomenon can probably be explained by the class who have up to date made the farmers believe that they should tax themselves on all the manufactured articles used to purchase these invaluable “home markets. * Manufacturers understand the beauties of these home markets Do the farmers understand them as well? NEW LIES REFUTED. AU Grade* of Wool Ara Lower than * Year Ago. Just as early in the year when-wool prices were falling the McKinley organs denied it,, so now they are trying to prove that only a few grades of wool are lower now than when the McKinley tariff was enacted, and that other kinds of wool are higher in price. They are, however, very careful not to quote prices. The truth is that not a single variety of wool grown in the United States from Maine to Texas is higher in price than a year ago. On the contrary, every variety is lower now, as shown in J the table of comparison of prices for the weeks ending Oct. 9,1890 and Oct 8, r I891: \ Price Price Ct*, oot.c.ya ost-qw, i>wt Kinds of WoOL CU. per lb. Ct*. p*c fc. Ttt. Ohio and Pennsylvania XX and ab0ve.34095 30081% 8% Ohio X and aboveß3**4 99090 4 incMsanx • 99 @ 30 « Ohio delaine9fr<*97 84335 3 Michigan delaine34o3s 32<&33 2 Kentncky,Ma ne and MaryMi*wtdaMinmm*%'b!dß7«m i* Toxa* fall medium 33324 2MM 1% Ke*t Oregon choice.l9 21 18090 1 Valley Oregon, No. 1940 5% 29024 IM Kanias medium2o -23 99 1 I Colorado fin*l4ol6 14015 This covers ail the chief grades of wool grown in the United States. The prices in every case are lower now than ! a year ago On the other hand foreign wools com- I mand higher prlce&in the chief markets . of the United States than last year. On Oct 9,1890, the Wool Reporter said: I “The tone of tho wool market has continued strong and active. There is nd weakness perceptible on any line of wool, prices being fully as strong as they were a week ago. ” j On Oct 8, 1891, the same authority said: “The tone of the market continues . quiet * But this is jnst what, according to Mr. I Dolan, the high tariff woolen manufacturer, was distinclly promised by protectionists. Failure* Since Jan. 1, 1801. The number of failures increased 17 per cent; liabilities increased nearly 50 per cent over same period last year. The 'McKinley tariff has been geting in its work since January last Says Bradstreet’s: “The total number of mercantile failures in tho United States for nine months of 1891 (South Dakota excluded, owing to a law there practically prohibiting the collection of tho information) was 8,866 as compared with 7,538 in a like portion of 1890, a gain of 1,338, or 17 per cent. The 1891 total is the heaviest on record. ” The amount of liabilities was $92,541,950 in 1890, and $138,811,510 in 1891, or an increase of over 49 per cent It must be remembered that the greater part of these failures have all occurred since the immense harvests here and poor harvests abroad were practically assured. Nothing but this good ’ fortune has been able to prevent a panic and depression far more intense than any which have ever occurred in our history. What, in view of this heavy increase in failures, becomes of the wild and sweeping statements so often asserted in the speeches now being made in the State campaigns - and in the high tariff organs that the McKinley tariff has brought the United States another period of~>great prosperity? Superaensltlvenea*. A person who has not done anything to distinguish himself is generally not allowed queer habits. Eccentricity is not for common people. But for Washington Al'ston, one of America’s most noted painters, a l things were right. His excessive sensitiveness was shown in many ways. When India rubber overshoes began to be worn he was induced to purchase a pair for his health’s sake, but he could never put them on or remove them except with a pair; of tongs. But that same delicate sensitiveness showed itself in another way. His scrupulons conscience was illustrated by an incident occnrr ng in 1816, when he .was in urgent need of money. He had jn-t found a purchaser for one of his pictures, but thinking the matter over alone in the evening he concluded that the subject of the painting was such that at some time it might have an immoral effect on some perverted imagination. He immediately went to his patron’s house, paid back the the picture home and burnt it This was sensitiveness worth having. There is no more hurtful plan for any young man than to buy a thing on the installment plan, especially things of which he has no pressing need, such as watches and jewelry. When you have the money to spend and are not in a mood to invest it so that it will increase your wordly possessions, we can certainly not object to your spending it as you like. But to run into debt for things you can easily get along without is simply suicidal. The Arkansas girl who was without shoes and stockings, and comfortable clothing for the winter, felt that she could get along without those presumed necessities of life, but feelingly remarked she “was suffering fcirja bosom pin.” Too many young men seem to be suffering for gold watches. Buy what you can pay for and defer some luxuries till you can afford to pay for them. The Empress of Austria is said “to smoke Turkish cigarettes,” sometimes destroying as many as forty a day.' This article of cigarette is by no means the vile component bought by boys for live cents a fistful, and is no argument in favor of cigarette smoking. The brand of the article used by the Empress might not shorten life more than twenty years,- while those used by the pallid young idiots on our streets shorten life by onehalf. Let the process of removal go on. I would rather dwell In the dim fog of superstition then in an air rarefied to nothing by the air-pump.of unbelief, in which the panting breast expires, vainly and convulsively gasping for breath. —Richter. The birth of her child brought presents of a dozen cradles to the Duchess of* Fyfe, a pointed encouragement of an “infant industry.” There is nothing which this age, from Whatever standpoint we survey it, needs more — physically, into lectually, and morally—than thorough ventilation.— Ruskin. Almond meal sprinkled in the bath >’ makes the skin soft and white.

THE PRIMEVAL HORSE. Fr*Ut*rle Maa rad tba Hora* fas Berth Amartea. The genealogy of the horse has been most admirably worked out in various publications, and the fact has. long been established that the genus originated on the North American continent. The question, fiowever, as to whether prehistoric man in North America had the horse as a contemporary has been a disputed point. This question may now be considered set at rest by the discovery of a skull of an extinct species of horse in strata with human implements. The discovery was announced by Prof. E. D. Cope at the meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, held in Washington in the month of August. A skull of a horse was exhibited to the members by Prof. Cope, who pointed out the characters of the teeth and who stated it would be impossible for | any one to separate the fossil teeth from those of the quagga and zebra if the three were all thrown together. In minor characters, such as those of the size of the bones, the differences are perceptible. So there is no doubt the skull represents an animal different from any now living. That it was a horse, however, any one could see. The most curious thing about the skull was its condition. The frontal bone had been crushed in exactly as we see in the case of animals slaughtered for food. The friable bones protecting the eye sockets were intact, as were also the long nasal bones. Found in the same bed with ■ the skull was a stone hammer that b >re evident marks of having been ■ fashioned by the hatod of man. What I inference was to be drawn from this? I In the first place it has been suspected and considered probable that early man on this continent had been contemporaneous with a horse, though not the present living species, ' but no direct proof had hitherto been found. When Europeans landed |on the new continent, the horse was an unknown animal to the natives. So it had evidently long been extinct. All the horses now found in either North or South America came from stock originally brought over by Europeans. But here we hau evidence in the association of a human implement and a horse’s skull that man and horse had lived together; and the peculiar fracture of the skull of the latter leads to the belief that the animal had met its death at the hands of man. This fact opens several questions. What became of the race of horses that once lived on the continent? Were they exterminated by savage man as civilized man has exterminated the bison? Did they once serve as beasts of burden or were they used only as food? Were they wild or domesticated? It seems probable that they were not used for any other purpose than as food, and that they existed only in a wild state, for it is scarcely reasonable to suppose that having once been used by man and so domesticated, their use would ever have been forgotten or the breed allowed to die out. Neither is it probable ttmt they were exterminated solely oy the agency of contemporaneous man, for we know that in spite of the use of the bison by the Indians of North America, their humlx'rs did not decrease to any great extent. It was only when civilized (?) man began his destructive work that the bison began to disappear. What, then, was the cause of the disappearance of the horse? The age of the beds in which the remains are found is prior to the Ice Age that once prevailed in North America, and in this period of cold it is possible we have a factor to account for the extinction of the horse. The intense cold coming on forced the animals to migrate from their homes in the northwest of the United States, and retreating southward, they probably found many competitors for existence. The scanty vegetation of New Mexico, Arizona, and Northern Mexico probably did not suffice for the support of the great herds of animals coming from the north. New conditions of existence may have weakened the vitality of the species; starvation may have decimated their numbers; competion with other races must have cut off a large supply of food, and the hand of man may have hastened the struggle to its inevitable end. All we know, however, is that the race became extinct. That man lived previous to and of course during the Ice Age "is now well established. That he lived at the same time with a species of horse is made known by the discovery of Prof. Cope. His Influence in the extermination of many of the large mammals at one time inhabiting North America is as yet undetermined.—[Prof. Joseph F. James in Scientific American. Girl** Friendship*. There is a great difference between friends in the matter of companionability. Friendships that should have been helpful, cheering, and as enduring as life itself, are often seriously interrupted of finally destroyed by the lack of a little adaptability on both sides. The thing that most charms and attracts us may be some point of extreme unlikeness to ourselves; but even in that case a friend must not make her peculiarity prominent lest she make it offensive Os two friends one will perhaps be talkative and the other silent. Usually one talks the other listens, putting in an occasional question, comment or suggestion; and both are satisfied. But sometimes the quieter one does not want to listen, while the talker still would like to tqlk. Then comes the need of tact and consideration. Let the latter moderate her pace, speak quietly and occasionally, not chatter m a steady stream; and let the taciturn friend take the trouble to answer patiently and understandingly, though as briefly as she chooses, and there is small danger of either feeling annoyed or slighted. Griends do not need speech in the sense that mere acquaintances do. True friends never need to make talk for the sake of conventional politeness; and that is in itself a great thing. They are not rude if they are silent. They may work or read ineach other’s presence, taking pleasure In affection which there is no need to express. • They may ride or row or walk, each

enjoying everything through her * friqndWyes as well as her own, and ¥ speaking or not as the scene and her feeling suggests. “Oh!” said one of two girl friends after they had walked two or three miles together in the country withouta word, “how delightful it is sometimes not to be on speaking terms with one another!” • Her friend briefly agreed in this opinion, and they proceeded another silent mile. On her next birthday the first speaker received a gift from her companion inscribed with the line from Shakspeare, “’Twixt such friends as we, x few words suffice.”—[Youth’s Companion. P***lble Inera*** of Cold. No one who has poked about the rocky ribs of New England can have failed to see some of those grooves and scratches on the bare ledges of the hills and on the sides of huge boulders, which geologists assure us have been caused by the grinding of the rocks under the great sheet of ice, thousands of feet thick, which once w coyered North America as far south- q ss the latitude of New York. The j ice, being piled higher toward the north, kept pressing slowly southward, J and the fragments of rock that it 1 broke off from peaks and ridges, being carried along beneath it. did the grinding. - J These things occurred many thou- 1 sands of years ago,—just how many j thousand no one is able to say with ’ certainty,—and the time when the great ice-sheet existed is called the/ * glacial epoch, or the ice age. J Even to-day a glacial epoch, on a comparatively small scale, reigns in * Greenland; for that strange continent is completely buried under an enor- I mous blanket of ice, which Ucon- J tinually pushing its way down into 1 the sea all around the borders of the ’ land, where the vast fragments that are broken off float away in the form 4 of Icebergs. ' ’ Now there is reason to believe that the earth has experienced more than . one glacial epoch, and that others may ' yet be in store for it, owing to certain 1 periodical changes in the earth’s orbit, or path around the sun. 1 For instance, winter now occurs in the Northern Hemisphere when the earth is nearest to the sun; but in about 10,000 years it will occur when the earth is farthest from the sun. ' The winters in this hemisphere will then be longer and colder than they are now, and the result may be the accumulation of great quantities of ice and snow. Observations recently collected in Paris show that the temperature of Europe has been below the average ever since 1885, and it has been sug- a gested that this fact may indicate that a period of cold, possibly a real glacial epoch, has begun to set in. y Such a conclusion would be somewhat startling if the falling off in . temperature were very great; but in fact it has been only a fraction of a degree, and it has not yet been shown that a similar change has taken place in America and Asia. Possibly this may yet be shown. But as to a new glacial epoch, even if we should admit that one is approaching, thousands of years would probably elapse before the invasion of the ice became a very serious matter. Wild Zebra*. The zebra when wild is a ferocious animal, and an unwary hunter is likely to suffer from its teeth and hoofs. The author of “Kloof and Karroo” says that a Boor in Cape Colony had forced a zebra to the brink of a precipice, when the desperate creature turned upon him, attacked him witfi its teeth, and actually tore one of his feet from the leg. Another author writes of a soldier who mounted a half-domesticated J zebra. The creature, after making m the most furious attempts to get rid " of its rider, plunged over a steep bank into the river, and threw the soldier as it emerged. While the man lay half-stunned upon the ground, the zebra quietly walked up to him and bit off one of his ears. Zebras can never be tamed, unless the process is begun while they are still very young. H. A. Bryden gives an instance of a tragic fate which befell one of them, captured when he was seven or eight years old. He bad Joined a troop of horses belonging to one of the author’s friends, and finally allowed himself to be driven with them into a kaal, or enclosure. It was taen determined to keep him, and if possible toMomesticate him. f For this purpose he was lassoed and tied to a tree; but so ferocious was he in the presence of man that the greatest precaution had to be observed in approaching him. All possible means • were taken to induce him to feed. — When captured he was in splendid condition, and his coat shone in the sun. Herbage was brought from the mountain-tops where he had been used to graze, and every conceivable food placed before him, but in vain; he steadily refused to eat. Water he drank greedilv, and would dispose of three bucketfuls at a tixnp. At length, after three weeks of vain endeavor to tame the noble creature, during which time he subsisted entirely on water, he died. Nut Glv* Up Counterfeit Mraoy. Capt. Porter of the secret service, under orders from the Secretary of J the Treasury, began the work of A visiting the large stores, business houses, and banks to collect counter- I felt money that might hare accumulated in the course of business. The order was sent to all cities and in several months the Treasury Department will be in receipt of hundreds of pounds of counterfeit coin and bogus notes daily. Capt. Porter first / visited the stores, where the managers fl turned over to him two bags of sup- flfl posed bad money that bad been flfl passed on the clerks by customers a/id which had accumulated for years Capt. Porter took the coin to his flfl office, tested it, and found about onethird of the coin to be good Much of the good coin had, however, been , mutilated and not a few of the did- , ’ liars were of the old trade-dollar make. The good coin Oapt. Porter i returned to the owners. Banks and business houses will be visited and de* mands made for bad money tbab may baveaccumu)ated.-~[(Meiffiß M TlsMa >