Decatur Democrat, Volume 35, Number 15, Decatur, Adams County, 3 July 1891 — Page 2

She democrat übjcXtubTinij. B, BLACKBURN, ... Publishes. Sedalia, Mo., has a park which nds body can get to. The tallest man in Parsons, Kan., is Mined A. Short Inch. The largest library is the Imperial, •f Paris, which contains over 2,000,000 volumes. A Delaware peach-grower says it doesn’t take a frost to kill the setting blossoms. A cold wind will do it as effectually. The original whale was quite a maleearrier, but Jonah probably first impressed upon him the need of a freedelivery system. The bullet in the new Germany military rifle has the shape of a cigarette, li onght to prove a deadly missile. A “closed season” for the mouth of the Marquis di Budini would conduce to the comfort of nations. A resident of New Moorefield, Ohio, has a cat which has adopted an infant skunk and is as attached to it as to her •wn kittens. A man who maintains a crow farm in Michigan has been arrested on complaint of his neighbors. He will probably be indicted for caws. A Tennessee country newspaper has discovered that roaches can fly like grasshoppers, and can be seen late at Bight coming home to roost. During the past year there were ©ver 5,000,000 pieces of matter withdrawn from the mails because of incorrect or insufficient addresses. A thief in female costume arrested in New York the other day proved to be a man who had been wearing women’s clothes for a number of years. The first consignment of samples of Chinese tobacco has been received by London brokers. China is desirous of competing in European markets. The Czarewitch, during his Indian tour, required no less than thirty tongas or carts for his luggage and about 300 pairs of ponies to draw the same impedimenta. - Gas is sold in Plymouth, England, by a private company at 42 cents per 1,000 feet; in Leeds at 44 cents per 1,000 by the local authority. In both places a good profit is made. The pay-roll of the servants alone of George W. Child’s country place at Bryn Mawr amounts SI,OOO a month. This is said to be the finest country residence in the United States. Pedestrianism has a unique exemplar just now in the person of a man who is walking from Paris to Moscow on stilts. He keeps the Parisians posted on his progress by short letters to a popular paper. To punish two disobedient pupils, a schoolmistress in Chillicothe, Ohio, tied their hands against a stove-pipe. She then deliberately consumed paper in the stove until the children’s hands wbre severely burned. The world is full of women who marry widowers, and learn to think a great deal of their children, but you will seldom see a man who thinks anything of Ms wife’s children by her first marriage. And yet there are people who will sit ap and say that men and women are alike. , Does a man ever know when he is talking too much ?. A man will get up knowing he is limited to five minutes, and will talk half an hour, although he knows that he is duller than a case knife. In an entertainment where there are to be short speeches, a Coat Tail committee should be appointed to ■it behind a man and pull himldown by s his coat tails when he has said enough, The man who gets up early is a great bore. He usually has no other accomplishments, and is not satisfied to get up, and let others sleep; he knocks around, so that every one around the house may know that the early riser is stirring, and that it is time for others to get up. If a man can sleep until 8 and can accommodate his business to those hours, he is a fool not to do it. Some years ago a Kansas preacher Who was at a town in the northern part of the State did not get •n well with his congregation. To get rid of him, the Governor was prevailed Wpon to appoint him Chaplain in the penitentiary. ‘When the time came for him to depart, he preached a farewell ■ermon to his congregation. There was nothing in the sermon at which anybody •Quid take ofiense, but some of the did not like the text, which <as: “I go to prepare a place for you, •o that where I am ye may be also.” A tomb containing two sepulchral nrns, one of which contains the ashes of Xcloge, the nurse of the Emperor •laudius Nero, and the other those of kis mistress Acte, who was converted to Christianity by St Paul, _ has been discovered in Borne in the Vigna NuoVa» off the Via Salara, outside of the Balara gate. The tomb is the cemetery Os Domitian’s famil, where the ashes at Nero himself'were also buried. The inscription mentions that- Ecloge’s ashes were placed there in accordance With her request that they might,be interred near those of her nursling, the Emperor. According to the St. Louis GlobeDemocrat Postmaster General Wanamaker says the chief temptation that Californians have got to fight i» ease of aakfag a living and wealth. The Cali-

fornia climate is too mild, the conditions of life are too gracious, and money is made too rapidly. The best human traits are developed in a country where one must struggle against a long, cold winter. The California winter is so mild that it seems as if no one in the State has any need of self denial Then, the country is so rich, the farmer gets big returns from his land. The large indebtedness of the Prince of Wales gets others into trouble rathei than himself. First there are his creditors who live in hopes that sometime, when he becomes king, he will have income sufficient to pay them. Now an English editor, who bad the indiscretion to allude to the Prince’s debts has been discharged, and is bringing suit for continued pay under his old contract He offers to prove that what he has published is the truth, and asks that the Prince be obliged to appear in court and testify. All this does not add tc the strength of monarchial feeling in England. It has been steadily declining the past thirty years. An old and famous policeman oi Gotham insists that a police club is a clumsy instrument only in the hands ol clumsy men. Artistic clubbers, he says, find that to handle a club well is to learn a deep and nice science. The perfect master of a clnb can hit a blow that will crack a crown, oKhe can deliver a thump that will stun a man and yet raise no lump or sign of a bruise; better yet, a true adept can hit a man so as to make a clean, fine cut as with a knife blade. While the policeman told what could be done with a club his hearer thought of the advice of a distinguished New Yorker uttered years ago: “Don’t ever let a policeman hit you with a club. No matter how brave you are, run before you’re hit. A blow with a locust may develop insanity or paralysis ten years afterward.” In a new book of “Becollections” which has appeared in England this little glimpse is afforded of Mrs. Somerville : One day Sir George Back, the arctic explorer, was sitting beside her, without knowing her, at Mrs Murray’s table. They were getting on capitally together until, as they were laughing and chaffing, some one addressed her as Mrs. Somerville. “Now,” exclaimed the lady, “you have spoiled it all,” for the old sailor’s countenance suddenly became grave. “What,” said he, “are you the celebrated authoress of ‘The Mechanism of the Heavens?’” Sir George (adds the relator of this anecdote) was eating turbot The celebrated authoress of “The Mechanism of the Heavens” had hanging sleeves with long fringes; and he was so much confused that he thrust his fork through the fringe and put it in his mouth instead of the fish.

Nobody thinks of New Jersey as a possible rival of California in the making of wine or as a competitor with France in the growing of grapes, yet time may prove it such. The first grape growing in New Yersey was done in the sandy region around Bridgeton and Vineland, but the industry has since followed the pinery sand belt almost to South Ambroy, and grapes are now considered in the categories of half the farmers of Ocean and Monmouth counties. * There have been bad yeai£ recently, when there was overproduction, but nothing has hindered the growth of the business, and this year more acreage than ever is devoted to grapes. There is as yet no wine making to speak of, but the outlook is that We shall presently all be drinking New ."Jersey claret and wondering whether it comes from France or California. Education is making great strides in Egypt, and the natives are beginning to show appreciation of the advantages of the reorganized Government schools. In 1887 there were only twelve schools under the Minister of Public Instruction, with an attendance of 1,919 pupils, of whom only 50 per cent, paid foes, and the total receipts were £9, i *OO. Last year the number of these' schools throughout the country, as f;u south as Assuan, open to all races and creeds, was forty-seven; the attendance was 7,807, of whom 62 per cent, were paying pupils, and the receipts reached nearly £20,000. This increase is significant, as education is not compulsory. It is a rule, however, that all pupils must learn either English or French, and it is significant that whereas in 1889 only 14 per cent, of them selected English, in 1890 the proportion rose to 23 per cent Bears as Pets. “Bears make good pets,” said a Lieutenant recently. “When I was in the revenue service at Alaska we had one on the boat and he made things hum. We named him Wineska. He used to climb to the ciosstrees, going up hand over hand by the ratlins. One day he ventured out on the yardman, and there he staid. We had to get a rope and haul him down. When we were in the cabin he would back down the compan-ion-way and some to us for his mess of gorg. He dearly loved rum, and molasses. Once he vaulted over the head *bf our Chinese cook and went into the lockers, where he helped himself to sugar and butter. We had a tackling made for him, much the same as a harness of a pet pug, and we would drop him overboard, with a rope attached, to take his bath. Once he landed in a Boat and nearly frightened the occupants out of their wits. We was as playful as a kitten, and although he sometimes disobeyed he was never treacherous or unkind. When he was lost or hid himself, as he often did, we would look in the dark till we saw two little balls of fire. These were his eyes and gave him away every time.” Don’t Want to Shave. "The waiters of Paris have risen in revolt against the custom which decrees that they shall shave their faces. They are said to be the only class of men in France who are not now at liberty to do what they like with their faces, and thqy demand that the condition which signifies the nature of their occupation shall be removed.

“Bears make good pets,” said a Lieutenant recently. “When I was in the revenue service at Alaska we had one on the boat and he made things hum. We named him Wineska. He used to climb to the ciosstrees, going up hand over hand by the ratlins. One day he ventured out on the yardman, and there he staid. We had to get a rope and haul him down. When we were in the cabin he would back down the compan-ion-way and eome to us for his mess of gorg. He dearly loved rum, and molasses. Once he vaulted over the head

low||l /•J ’J glorious Fourth was close at hand, but this fact did not call forth any great amount of enthusiasm from the grown people of Springville. They seemed to think that they HgH had done their whole duty when they invited an out-•of-town orator to read the Declaration of Independence and make a speech? On some occasions —very rare ones, however —they satisfied their patriotic scruples by going to the expense of having a balloon ascension. But on the i Fourth of which I write no such excite- . ment as this was to be given us. ; The great day that we boys looked , forward to with so much pleasure was considered by our fathers and mothers as a day of noise and accidents, and they were glad when it was over. But the younger portion of the population of Springville amply made up for the enthusiasm that was lacking in their sires. This was especially true of us four boys, Tom Parks, Joe Blake, Frank Brown, and myself. On the 2d of July we met by appointment at the band-stand in the square. Os course the general topic of conversation was the approaching holiday and the part we were to take in its observance. For several weeks previous, we, together with the other village boys, had spent all our spare moments in collecting barrels and other materials to be used in making a big bonfire on the square on the night before the Fourth. Besides this general attempt at celebration, the boys individually had been saving up their spare pennies, all of which they felt in duty bound to spend on their nation’s birthday. This was the condition of affairs when we met at the band-stand for our last consultation. “How much money have you saved up?” asked Tom Parks of Frank Brown. The question was repeated, and it was shown that Tom Parks had $1.15, Joe Blake $1.20, Frank Brown 98 cents, while I had been able to lay by just SI.OB. “Four dollars and forty-one cents,” said Joe. after a few seconds' work at mental arithmetic. “Quite a lot, ain’t it?” Our combined savings did seem large. “Now,” said Joe, “I’ve been thinking of away to spend that money. ” “Oh, that’s easy enough!” grumbled Frank, to whom it was a task of selfabnegation to save money, even for a Fourth of July celebration. Frank’s observation was overlooked, and we asked Joe what his proposition was Joe was, by reason of his superiority in years and experience, our acknowledged leader, and whatever suggestion he made was generally received by us with favor. “I suggest,” said Captain Joe, “that we club together and buy a lot of powder, fireworks and other necssaries, and have a little celebration of our own to finish up the Fourth. You know the town’s celebration this year is to be rather a slim affair, and I think with what money we have we can get up quite a little surprise for the people old and young. ” “That’s so! Wonder we haven’t thought of it before,” cried we in chorus. “Our celebration must be a surprise, ” continued Jop. “I’ll borrow father’s wheelbarrow to-night, and Tom and I will go to Pottsfield (things are cheaper there than they are here) and buy all the fireworks we can for the money.” Frank, who had determined to include candies and calces among his items of expense on the Fourth, suggested as an amendment that we each reserve a small part of our savings for contingencies, and this, by general consent, was agreed upon. I Frank was not the only one of us who had a sweet tooth. “We must get some powder for the cannon,” said Joe. “And for my old musket,” put in Frank. “Is that old relic in existence yet?” put in Tom! “Yes; it’s alive and kicking,” replied Frank. Os the latter part of Frank’s statement we have no doubt, for it was a fact well known to us all that the old weapon was possessed of the habits of an illnatured mule. Each of us had some advice to offer in regard to what should be purchased for our celebration, and before we parted that day Joe and Tom had a full list of what they were to buy. Early that evening they started on their mission, while Frank and I eagerly awaited their return. Pottsfield was only two miles away, and the boys ought tq have been back at nine o’clock, but it was fully ten before we heard the creaking of the wheelbarrow announcing their return. Frank and I hastened to examine the purchases, and ’it was evident that the boys had chosen the articles with an eye to quantity rather than Quality. There were two pounds of powder in %n old iron kettle, fire-crackers In all shapes and sizes, and other parcels of pyrotechnics too numerous to mention. After we had sufficiently examined the contents of the wheelbarrow, the question was asked: “Where shall we put all this stuff?" By this time our folks were doubtless In bed, where we ought to have beep also, and the barns and sheds locked, so that there seemed to be no opportunity of secreting the goods at our homes. We had not thought of this in our previous planning. “Say, fellows,” whispered Joe, suddenly, “why can’t we hide it under the bandstand?”

The place referred to was a hexagonal, box-like ' flair that stood in the pub-' lie square at the base of the flagstaff. It was three or four feet high, and this elevated plitform was occupied by the local band on occasions like the one now approaching. The sides were composed of lattlee-work, pointed green, and the space under the floor was used by the authorities to stow away various articles belonging to the town for which no immediate use could be found It was close to the spot where*we had halted for consultation, and leaving the ‘ barrow in the shadow of a fence, we| 1,1 '■ r i \ '•' ij ' <’ ’* * ' ■

hastened to examine it as a possible r©ceptable for our goods. “Just the thing,” said Tom, peering through the lattice-work. “But how can we get in? The door is locked. ” “Oh, that is easy enough,” said Joe; “there's a loose board in the floor that father intended to nail down some time ago” (Joe’s father was janitor of the Town HalL ), “but luckily for us he forgot to do so. We can pry up the board and drop our fireworks into the space beneath, where they’ll be safe enough till we can get them out. I’m pretty sure I can bornpw the key, without father’s knowing it, to-morrow or next day. ” “But if it rains,” objected Tom. “everything will be spoiled. ” “Oh, I guess it won’t rain,” said Frank. “We’ve had so much rain lately, it seems as though we ought to have fine weather for the rest of the week. Besides, the almanac predicts fair weather.” All fears in this direction being dispelled, we hastily and noiselessly removed the defective board, and transferred the contents of the wheelbarrow to the mysterious regions under the band-stand. There was little fear of being seen at that late hour by any one who would be likely to make an investigation of our -nocturnal operations, and, with light hearts, we separated for our respective homes, feeling sure that the Fourth of July that year would end with a surprise that would cause us, the authors of it, to be envied for a long time afterward among the other boys. Alas! there is many a slip— But I will not anticipate. The next day we spent in collecting and placing in position the barrels and boxes for the bonfire that was to usher in the glorious Fourth. To our disappointment Joe was unable to obtain the key by which we were to gain access to the hiding-place of our pyrotechnics, and we were forced to leave them in their concealment another night. Joe was sure he could get the key early on the following morning, when we would have plenty of time to accomplish our purpose before the peo-

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pie were out of bed. But, wearied with our exertions on the night of the 3d, we overslept ourselves on the Fourth, and thus again our treasure was forced to run the gantlet of another day. The shades of evening would surely afford us the opportunity that failed to come to us before. The boys were unanimous in their opinion that it was an unusually quiet Fourth of July. But what with the snapping of fire crackers and the pop'MW wW

ping of pistols, from sunrise to sunset, the old folks no doubt considered it noisy enough. The real celebration was begun after dinner. The brass band took its position on the band-stand wholly unaware that they were sitting, so to speak, on the verge of a volcano, and played several patriotic airs. Then the Chairman of the celebration committee introduced the orator of the day, who, following a time-honored custom, read the Declaration of Independence, after which, taking a drink of water and clearing his throat a number of times, he began a speech that was full of patriotism and politics. In the midst of a period of surpassing eloquence, he was interrupted by the loud cheers of his hearers. The men cheered and clapped, and the boys, always ready to aid In making noise, seized the opportunity to set off some fire-crackers. The cause of all this turmoil seemed p eased, and bowed repeatedly. The occasion was worth at least a dozen votes to him. a When the noise had somewhat abated, he advanced to the railing of the platform to continue his harangue; but carce a dozen words were said when, before the eyes of the astonished audience, the platform, with all its occupants, rose in the air in a confused mass, like a steamboat whose boiler had burst The truth instantly flashed upon me, and upon the other three boys, as I could see by their white, terrified faces, that the kettle of powder and other explosives had in some manner become ignited, with the result above stated. The people crowded around the ruined band-stand, and lent their aid in extricating the entangled members of the band and the orator Os the unfinished speech. Fortunately, they were not injured beyond a few scratches; but, as many observed, it was a narrow escape for them. This put an end to the official Celebrision of the day. And what an unexpected conclusion it was! Various theories were advanced as to the cause of the catastrophe, but we wno could have thrown light on the mystery thought it best to remain silent and wonder with the* rest When the remains of the kettle and portions of the fireworks were unearthed, many people were of the opinion that it was an attempt on the part of the enemy to gat ria of the orator of the day, who was a politician, and consequently had a host of ill-wishers. But the people of Springville never earned to whom they were indebted for

the subject of a more than nine days’ wonder; and we, the progenitors of it, had the doubtful pleasure of seeing the results of our hard-earned savings go off at one burst. But we also had the consolation of knowing that no event of that memorable Fourth of July was longer remembered than “Our Celebration. ” — Golden Days. Onr National Birthday. There is no country except the United States, we believe, that celebrates its national birthday. There are certain epochs in the life of European nations that are honored with a celebration, as the 14th of July in which commemorates the destruction of the Bastile and is generally accepted as the birth of the French Republic. But the states of Europe have no national birthdays They are the result of a long series of developments, and it would be difficult to fix any particular natal day. Not so in this country. The Fourth of July, 1776, when the Declaration of Independence was signed in Philadelphia, marked the birth of a nation so unerringly that it was honored as such immediately, and will be as long as the spirit of American Independence survives. Civil war interrupted its general observance for some years, but it was resumed when peace was restored, and now, with ever brightening hopes of a more perfect Union than we have yet known, Independence Day will be greeted with salvos of remembrance and joy from one end of the country to the other. Let the band play “Hail Columbia.” A Fourth of July Idyl. Jimmy hold the rocket tight. Hold her tight. Hold her tight, Till I try to strike a light, Strike a light, Strike a light. Oh, won’t she make a fly When I touch her off—my eye! Shooting right up to the sky. And so bright. And so bright!

Now I’m lighting the fusee, « The fusee, The fusee, ’ And you keep your eye on me, Eye on me, Eye on me. There she goes! ha! • * • I • « « • « • P. S.—The reader can fill the space . occupied by the asterisks according to his own ideas. We have nothing further 1 to say about the matter, excepting that physicians give it as their opinion that the boy will pull through, but it wus a narrow escape.— Boston Courier. A Fourth, of July Record. Iw*B a wide-awake little boy Who rose at the break of day; 2 were the minutes he took .to dress, Then he was off and away. 3 were his leaps when he cleared the stairs Although they were steep and high; , 4 was the number which caused his haate, Because it was the Fourth of July I 5 were his pennies which went to buy A package of crackers red; 6 were the matches which touched them off, And then—he was back in bed. n big plasters he had to wear i I To cure his fractures sore; , 8 were the visits the doctor made Before he was whole once more. 9 were the dolorous days ho spent In sorrow and pain 1 but then Oare the seconds he'll stop to think Before he does it again. —Si. Nicholas. The Spirit of Patriotism. Robinson — Going to celebrate the Fourth? Brown—Celebrate! No name for it. I’m going to buy 100 of those crackers that sound like a cannon, and light ’em . all at once. Robinson—You are patriotic. Brown—Well, it’s not so much that, , but my neighbor on the left has a piano , and an old-maid daughter, the one on the right has a fiendish cornet In the rear j there is an accordion. Robinson—Oh, I see. You will play to get even, Brown—Exactly. Our Flexible Language. ■ o-*'' Z W 1 How a man would look if ha really ] took the train for home. . Musn’t Be Bluffed on Pulses. “And whdre are you going, Katy?” ; called a Houston street mother from a i third-story window to her daughter on i the sidewalk. i “Over to Mrs. Johnson’s to inquire 1 about her sick boy.” 1 “Well, go on; but flemember that if ' she begins to brag that his pulse has ! been up to 110, you want* to say that our : Jimmy’s puke saw that and went fifteen better the week he had the | measles.”—Fork opening JForld. [i

SHEET-IRON PROTECTED TRUE INWARDNESS OF THE TIN-PLATE DUTY. It Was Put On to Help the Galvanised Iron Men—What Senator Aldrich Said —Roofing li-on and Tin Plate Prices Compared—Our Tin Plate Experiment Too Costly. One of the main reasons why the MeKinleyites put a high tariff on tin plate was to protect the American makers of galvanized iron for roofing purposes. Indeed, this purpose was boldly proclaimed by Senator Aldrich in his report on the Senate tariff bill in 1888. The Rhode Island Senator said in that report: “The free admission of iron and steel sheets of all thicknesses and widths coated with tin or lead, would cause a substitution of imported tin or terne plates in most cases for roofing and other building purposes, and for domestic uses, where gab vanized or other sheet iron or steel is now used ” The duty which Senator Aldrich was then defending by such frank humbug, amounted to 2.20 cents per pound, the duty which was finally put into effect in the McKinley law. The purposeof the McKinleyites being to encourage the use of sheet iron for roofing instead of tin, which is better and cheaper, the higher duty and consequent higher price of tin has already begun to boom the sheetiron business. It is announced in the trade papers that the Garry Iron and Steel Rooiing Company of Cleveland, Ohio, has “an exceedingly fine trade for this time of the year. ” They are said to have “a large number orders ahead,” and they are exporting their goods to Mexico, South America and i other foreign countries. This latter j fact makes it pertinent to ask why was j it necessary to tax tin plates in order to help the roofing men when they able to export their products? If they were not able to hold the home market against foreign roofing tin, already taxed 1 cent a pound, or equal to 35 per cent of its value, how can they export their rootiing metal and sell it in foreign markets in competition with the same tin plates? Do they sell their products abroad at lower prices than to American consumers as other American manufacturers generally do? The demand of the sheet iron men to be protected from tin plates has a Hood of light thrown upon it by comparing the prices of their product with those of tin plates for the past five years. The average wholesale price of galvanized sheet iron of the thickness known as “No. 27 wire gauge” since 1886 has been 5.87 cents per pound; while the average import price of roofing tin, No. 28 wire gauge, for the same time has been only 3.19 cents. This is a difference of 2.68 cents a pound, while the McKinley duty on all kinds of tin plates is 2.20 cents a pound. These figures suggest the very pertinent question, How are our manufacturers going to make tin plates and sell «hem at lower than present foreign prices, according to the confident boast of the protectionists, when our homemade galvanized iron itself has been selling at prices so far above foreign prices? From these figures, too, it is clear that Mr. Niedringhaus’ partner in his St Louis "oncern was about right when he saw that McKinley’s duty of 2.20 cents was not high enough, and that a duty of at least 4 cents w»>s needed to establish a domestic tin-plate industry. American consumers have already paid at least $5,000,000 extra for their tin plates since last fall by reason of the rise in prices caused by the McKinley duty. This was the expensive result of the tin-plate duty during the six or eight months before it took effect. What will the consumers think of the added cost beginning with the application of the new duty itself on July 1? Are we not paying rather dearly to protect our roof-ing-iron industry?

They Dread the American Farmer. McKinley tried to humbug the farmers by raising the duties on wheat, corn and most other farm products, under the pretense that such duties would help them to realize better prices. He belittled the farmers' foreign market and tried to make it appear that the best thing for our farmers would be to withdraw from their foreign market At least such is the only possible meaning of the following words, which McKinley put into his report accompanying the tariff bill: “The ‘world’s market,’ to which the advocates of tariff for revenue only invite the farmers of this country, is today crowded which the products of the cheapest human labor the earth affords. All over the old world there is a rush of their surplus to that market, and it is to such a contest as this that free trade would allure American agriculture.” But American agriculture is and has been for years “allured to such a content as this,” and even now the foreign demand for our agricultural products is causing prices to rise in the home market in away to rejoice the American farmer’s heart. This same American farmer is a dreaded force in all the farming districts of Europe. The following item has just been going the rounds of our agricultural papers: ‘ The Austrian grain growers, through the official report of the Vienna Agricultural Congress, declare and complain that ‘the grain exporting capacity of Russia and extra European countries is the source of a calamity affecting the whole of Central Europe.’ ” America is the only one among the “extra European countries” which cuts any great figure in Europe’s grain market, and it is the American farmers to which the Austrian grain growers referred as their competitors. Are not McKinley’s duties on farm products the greatest humbug that anybody has ever attempted to palm off upon the farmer? A Compensating Duty. Have you ever heard of a “compensating duty?” A compensating duty is this: Woolen goods, for example, bear two duties, so much per cent ad valorem and so much per pound additional. The reason given for this is that the ad valorem duty is protection against foreign goods of the same kind, and that the duty by the pound is to make good to the manufacturer the duty he had paid on raw wool. It is “compensation” to him fbr that outlay; the manufacturer himself regards it as such, and always insists on having the “compensating duty” maintained. Now, if the 1 foreigner pays the tax, why do the protectionists vote a “compensating duty* <to the manufacturer? Ought they not in justice to vote it back to the foreigner if it is to “compensate” anybody at all? It is clear that the McKlnleyites themselves do not believe in their time-worn assertion, “the foreigner pays the tax.” The Twine Trust Still Prospers. When it was proposed last year to make a slight redaction in the bindertwine duty, the twine men signed a paper and sent it in hot haste to Washington, saying that if the proposed duty should be adopted they would be compelled to shut down their mills. Their alarm was still greater when fifteen Northwestern Republican Senators united with the Democrats and voted to put twine on the fAe list After a great amount of lobbying by the trust and certain Republican poli- . IMana, booked up by leading high-tariff

journals with profuse and picturesque abuse of men who had voted for free twine, a part of th© duty was saved, The old duty on manila twine was 2% cents a pound, and on sisal twine 3% cents. The trust succeeded in saving 7-10 of 1 cent from the wicked Democrats and,,. North western Republican Senators. This duty was less than one-third of the duty which the trust had said would close up its works. Now, what is the result? The farmers are buying their twine this at much lower prices than last year; aud is the trust meanwhile shutting up its mills? On the contrary, it has just been announced by a high-tariff organ that the trust has bought the eight cordage works of Canada for $4,000,000. Moral: When a tariff-protected industry threatens to die if you cut down its protection, it is very likely lying. A M’KINLEY TRUST. THE WHIP MAKERS TO ENJOY M’KINLEYISM. sa Organised tor Tariff Spoils and Whips Are Higher than Ever—Closing Out Petty Rivals—A Monopoly of Materials—What Will Labor Get?—Tariffs and Trusts Akin. Another McKinley trust has come to light. It is a whip trust. Last year the McKinleyites raised the duty on whips, and now the whip manufacturers have combined to take possession of what was so freely given them. The whip makers do not understand what protection means if it does not mean higher prices; they know of no other way to realize what Maj. McKinley calls the “beneficiencles” of protection, than through higher prices. Hence it is announced that whips are already higher now than ever before, and one of the monopolists adds, “with a chance of a rise in price as the stock grows scarce. ” This enterprising infant trust has provided, moreover, that stocks shall “run scarce. ” The trust got control of the rattan market and shut off the smaller whip concerns from their supply of this indispensable material. Without rattan whips cannot be made; and with the smaller whip factories closed up and their workmen out of employment, where does labor come for its portion of the blessings, which were to follow McKinley’s increased duties on whips? Labor simply gets left once more, and as usual a grasping monopoly pockets the tariff plums. The whip trust is a McKinley trust Under the old tariff whips covered with leather were taxed in a general “basket clause” at 30 per cent; but this “basket clause” of the leather schedule was ° pushed up by McKinley to 35 per cent Most whips, however, are covered with flax, and here McKinley got in • more of his “basket clause” work, by which whips of this fcind were made dutiable at 50 per cent., in place of the old duty of 40 pwcent.

The McKlnleyites have no right to condemn the whip trust. This trust like all the tariff trusts, is simply a means by which to harvest the tariff plums. The purpose of a protective tariff is to enable protected interests to charge higher prices for their goods, since this is the only possible way in which protection can protect. But a trust seeks to bring about precisely the same result. The trusts themselves understand perfectly that they are working to accomplish, by combination, exactly the same thing that protection aims at by socalled legal methods. President Havemeyer, of the sugar trust, blurted out this kinship between protection and trusts last year when certain high-tariff organs were assailing that great monopoly. Here are the frank and honest words of the sugar king: “The great cry of one of the great parties is for protection; that is, they cry for it loudly during campaigns. But when we proceed to give ourselves some protection a howl Is raised. They demand protection for the industries. When an industry protects itself it is said that it is illegal.” Three-Cornered Trading. X The West Indies and South America sell us from three to seven times as much goods as we sell them. These goods, over and above our exports to those countries, are paid for by European nations in their manufactured articles, and we square matters with Europe by shipping our farm products and manufactures there in payment of our debts in the West Indies and South America. We swap debts, but in swapping there is always a certain per cent. lost in charges for bills of exchange, and through this cumbersome, three-angled transportation. Freights are lowest and trade consequently most profitable where there are ready cargoes for both ways. A regular steamship line is, in fact, dependent upon this regularity of cargo going and coming. As matters stand much of the traffic is done by the socalled tramp steamers, which go everywhere, according as they can get cargoes. why this three-cornered shipping? Why not the d rect trade entirely? In answer to that question, the protective tariff must 1* • ~ied into the witness box. The tariff dt on raw materials prevents our manufacturers from competing in many kinds of goods in foreign markets, and there is no large demand for our farm products in West Indian and South American countries, they being themselves agricultural countries. Besides, the tariff prevents a large movement of European goods into our markets, and as Europe takes enormous"" quantities of our cotton, corn, wheat, flour, meats, etc., cargoes moving out are always much larger than those coming in. Hence European ships which take away our farm products are only too glad to carry cargoes of manufactured goods to the West Indies and South America, and then take in cargoes of sugar and rubber for New York. Protectionists give themselves needless alarm when we buy more abroad than we tell there, and hence they advance a high tariff to keep our people from being ruined by what they call an “unfavorable balance of trade.” But people do not need that the Government tell them when they are doing a losing business. Every separate article sold by us in Europe is bargained lor by two intelligent merchants. Neitherof these can ship a penny's worth without the consent of the other. The old saying i holds true that it takes two to make a / bargain; and it may be added that these two can make their bargain more satisfactorily between themselves than it can be made when some other power intermeddles. In the United States there are six acres of farming laud and 9.8 acres of forest land per capita of the entire population; while in Great Britain each per* son represents only 1,38 acres of farming land and .07 of forest (t e., seven acres of forest for each 100 persons). This difference In the density of population is persisently ignored by protectionists, who can see no cause for dtigher wages with us except the tariff. # Woolen hosiery and underwear costing 30 cents a pound started out 100 years ago with a protective duty of 5 per cent These goods have gradually climbed up the protective ladder till now, McKinley having put on a duty of over 800 per cent When do stockings cease to need protection? Is this a decent way for our stockings to celebrate a century of protection? . ' .