Decatur Democrat, Volume 34, Number 43, Decatur, Adams County, 16 January 1891 — Page 2

democrat DECATUk'iN’D. N. BLACKBURN, - Publisher. KECOIID OF THE WEEK. THE INDIAN WAR BELIEVED TO BE AT AN END. The Entire Body of Uostilcs Cam pod Near the Agency—Death lu tho Show—Big shortage. THE WAR IS OVER. The Entire Roily of Indians Encamped Near the Agency; ’ A special from Pine Ridge, S. D., dated the 13th inst., say's: It looks as though the Indian troubles would be tomorrow, and that without further bloodshed. The hostilds, with many warlike demonstrations and firing of rifles, have advanced to within about a mile of the agency, and Gen. Miles, confidently expects that by-to-nwrrow night peace will reign supreme at the agency. Scout Gourard reports that the savages are wild and growing more uneasy as they approach the agency. They fear they are going to be swept off tho face of the earth for the deviltry they have committed. The crisis will be reached wher. the savages go into camp here. Then it will only take a spark to set off tho whole magazine, /rrtillery men were galloping through the camp to-day placing their heavy guns in more commanding positions. Everything is now so arranged that any hostile'demom strations on the part of the savages will be met by a fire which will instantly . crush them. This evening Gen. Miles sent the following communication to Buffalo Bill, who is.in command of the Buffalo State troops.- 1 • I am glad to inform you that. the- entire. body of Indians are now camped near here, within a mile and a half. They show every disposition to comply wkh the orders of the authorities. Nothing but an accident can prjevoiit peace biting established, and it will be our ambition to. make it of a permanent character. I feel that the State troops can now be withdrawn with safety, and desire through you to express to them my thanks for the. confidence they have given your people in their isolated homes," Quay’s Election Bill Substitute. Senator Quay introduced a bill . entitled, “An act to prevent force; and fraud in federal eh etions, and to insure the lawful and peaces ul coudnct thereof.'’ Tlie principal point of difference be- . tween the-bill and the Jloai-bill is in Hulast, section. which is as follows: “Whenit shall appear to. thio satisfaction of the -■ President of the United States that in any locality the provisions of this law cannot otherwise be executed. it shall be his duty, and he is hereby empowered to suspend the writ of habeas corpus and to employ the armed forces of the United States, naval and military, for its ‘enforcement, and for the protection of the officers whose duties are hereby provided -for.." . _ Deutli in the Snow. New'sjhas arrived at Vienna, of a serious disaster which has occurred at Lkinoc, in Bohemia. An avalanche crashed abwii from the mountains near that place, dea number of houses, some of ■MichAvei'rTmricd out of sight beneath snow. As soon as rescuing parties could get to work the removal of the immense weight?of snow- which had rushed down upon the. town was begin-.. Tin. calamity is believed to have been an extremely fatal one, as already seventeen dead bodies have been removed from the ruins. In addition to thodead a number of persons severely injured have beeif extricated from the debris. Another Mun Birclialled. Sir < haTTr's Tupper cabled from London, England, to the Governor-General of Canada. asking for a description of Wadsworth. Ihe English gentleman whose mysterious disappearance from Wallacebiirg. Ont,., last week, has aroused the fears of relatives in England. The fate of Belwell makes .it reasonable that Wadsworth may have been done, it-way with, from the fact that he had over ‘ .L‘3,0(10 in his possession. Mr. Stanley cabled a reply, in which the missing man is described. Big Shortage. Two experts have been at work for some time upon the books of.Stiite Treas- . qrcr Majoi W'oodruff. of Arkansas, and' one of the bondsmen is reported as saying that t hey have already discovered a shortage of S'ji.ooo, amt art- not yet through with the work, It is said that. . Major Woodruff lias been expecting assistance from the banks of Little Rock, li.ul as the shortage is largely increasing and may b<- over Sloo.OOtK tliey refuse to help him. White Capped iii North Carolina. .1. R. Floyd., a turpentehtinc mari of Liberty County.. Georgia, went to North t/arolina it few days ago to hire negro hands to work on -his trees in Georgia, At Tarboro. X. ('.. He was waited on by about, thirl y white men armed with masks and white caps. They told him on the peril of his life to leave without a negro, lie did so by the next train. Eiunia Abbott's Will. TJw will of Emma Abbott, the opera singer, ha- been tiled for probate tn NewYork. She renienibers her relatives in a handsome manner and then divides the residue among worthy cliari-ties. Two Sprues Killed aud’ Three Wounded. A shoot I tig affray occurred at Pemberton, Fla., in which John Hose, colored, shot, and killed two negroes and seriously wounded three others. The excitement is running high. On a Roek All Night, An it-nkiiown vessel has gone to pieces on-‘‘Junk of Pork" rock, live mlles cast of Portland. Me.; and her crew of, six men can l>e seen on the rock. No help could reach them- » Sitting Bull’s Scheme. A sensational story is published at Deliver which endeavors to show tliat Sitting Bull had concluded a scheme whereby a united uprising of all tho Im dian tribes was to take place. The prompt, act ion of the Government, how-' c\“er, nipped the scheme in the bmi. Big Ore Discovery. \ wonderfully rich mine lias been discovered at Grand Rapids, Mieh. The find is extremely rich and surpasses the highest grade ore taken from the Gogebic Mine, on the south shore, of Lake Michigan. EASTERN OCCURRENCES. Controller Myers of New York has been served with an order directing 1 him to pay $7.05 to Andrew Campbell, chief clerk in the Corporation Counsel’s office. The amount mentioned was expended by.Campbell for “drinks,” etc., while procuring evidence, in suits brought by the city. Controller Myers refused to pay the claim, and Campbell brought suit and secured a judgment. A final hearing took place in New York the other day, before Mr. W. H. Willis and Dr. Elliott, Commissioners in Lunacy, anti a Sheriff’s jury, to deter*

! mine the mental condition of George M. Storrs, son of the late Emory’ A. Storrs, of Chicago. Old testimony was repeated, and the jury brought in a verdict declaring Storrs to be insane. Chief Labor Inspector Mulholland, of New York, sent to the District Attorney the affidavit of an Italian named Garibaldi, who called at the barge office after being a prisoner in the phosphate beds of South Carolina for nearly two years. During that time he and a number of companions were illtreated. and one of thqir number shot dead while trying to escape from the place. Celestine di Marco, of East One Hundred and Thirteenth street. Now York, is alleged to be mainly responsible fotsthe for the cruelty and” killing of the men. The groat shoe strike at Rochester, N. Y., has born declared off. The men have agreed to the rules of the Manufacturers’ Association, and also agree to give up their membership in the Boot and Shoe Workers’ International Union I unless the Cox strike be declared off by that organization. All shops will be running with a tnll force in a few days. WESTERN HAPPENINGS. Justice Hamb.urgher has bound S. A. Kean, the Chicago banker who failed a few months ago, over to the Criminal Court in the sum of $3,000. Bail was furnished by W. P. Fennell, the defendant’s lawyer, and Joseph H. Kean, brother of the accused. The charge is embezzlement in that he received deposits after he knew himself to be inr sol vent,ytfsJtg tj mon withih thirty days being considered by the law as primafacio evidence. The only witness examined was W. W. Rover, the complaining -witness, who the day of the failure put in $660, taking a certificate from Cashier Warne. Advices from Moscow, Idaho, state the Nez. Perces Indians arc engaging in ghost dam-es on their reservation near there. Tin; settlers are greatly alarmed. The annual meeting of the Illinois Dairymen's Association convened at Ashley laet week. “Milk Production ”-w:is rhe'subject of a paper presented by Mr. Lespenasse* John G. Sawyer, of Ravenswood. read a paper on “Care of the; Dairy Cow. ” W. B. Lloyd, of Chicago, made an address on “Dairying on a Little Farm.” “The Dairy at the World’s Fair,” by 11. Monrad. of Winnetka, brought forth a big discussion. A dispatch from Pine Ridge Agency, S. D., says: Firing has begun to iho north of the I agency. Tho Indians that have liiAken away from the main band are trying their 1 best to spread terror among the friendlies here. At (’apt. Dougherty s quarters, just north of tlie agency, within 2,000. yards of headquarters, pickets have beOu exchang- . ing shots since early dawn. -The reds are burning buildings near the agency-. From the outer line of pickets burning callins. both to the right and to tho left, could 1 be seen all day. and shots were heard in (lie iIJ-’ec.tion of tho burning buildings.; Tlie pickets have boon doubled in number. It ■ is evident that tho frenzied element of tlie. young buck-i« bent on breaking loose and . doing what harm they can I o sot tiers before the ma in band has a chance to reach the agency. About, thirty reached here this morning. Tlie inn-lts were disar.med just beyond Dougherty's and Campbell’s camp. Ono fellow concealed his gun Sta-pealh bis blanket and got. in. He w;i- ..disarmed by an Indian scout before he could tire the shot intended to rouse Hie fi-rendlies. Os tho thirty who came in :i, part.were Brules. They have been separated from t he Ogallalas, but it is hard to tell now which branch of the Sioux is most vicious. The main body of reds lias moved one mile. They are camped once more' and a present of a. wagon-load pf tobacco under a policy of peace will probably keep them until it is used up. In tfio meantime the young bucks arc going on raids-and burping every house that 1 hey cofne across. * Lt uoits tis a startling move to be ma4e-i.ii connection with the recent Senatorial election in Idaho are hoard. Section 6,113. Idaho Revised Statutes, declares it a felony for a member of the Legislature to vote or promise support upon any question or matter in return for the support of another member on any question or matter upon which they may be called to pass officially, it is said warrants will be sworn out under this section for ihe arrest r>f several members of Hie Legislature who were connected with tlie alleged. Shoup-Dubois-MeC'onneli combine, charging them with felonious conspiracy against t lie legislative power. Advices from Solomville. Arizona, state that Modoc Wind and two other ! Apache Indians wore hold to answer by United SttttesCommissioner Blake on a i charge of forging ('apt. Bullis' name to a Government cheek foi; $125, Tlie. forgery was so well executed it was not i detected until presented to tlie Assistant United Stales Treasurer at San Frail- I cisco. _ i J. \\. II aiimi'x was stopped near Lima, i Ohio, the other evening by highwaymen, who dcntandeii his -money. When he resisted he was shot in the leg. All the money he had. $7.5. was taken, when he was perihii led to proceed with his team. While Captain George,, chief of a tribe of Indians near Vancouver. B. C.. was returning home in a ealioe with another I.ndiaij and a squaw, the two men quarreled. One of the men cut the bottom of the canoe out with an ax. and all three were drowned. The Indians were Intoxicated. THE NATIONAL CAPITAL. Justice I.amah's growing feebleness is remarked by till frequenters of the Supreme Court. At the President's New Year's reception-he appeared with the I other J ustiees; but most of Hie time he appeared to be in one of bis old-time reveries. forgetful of all his surroundings. It is said tliat he finds the routine work of the court irksome and often only gives liis attention to tlie arguments going on by the greatest exercise us will power. Since President Cleveland put him on Hie bench to gratify a personal friendship Justice Lamar has I never■ lightened the labors of the court i much, though lie lias faithfully sought | to perform the work assigned to him by j the Chief Justice in writing opinions. I In lite not improbable event of Justice Lamar's retirement within the, next , year or so he would not be able to enjoy Hie pay ol a Supremo Court Justice because lie would not have had ten years' ' eontinuoiis service on the bench. Nor would he have reached the But he has a comfortable private fortune. POLITICAL PORRIDGE. The deadlock in the Minnesota House of Representatives has been broken by tin- election of E. T. Champlin (Alliance) Speaker. The Jlemocrats withdrew their candidate, .Mr. Stivers, and voted solidly for Mr. ( hamplin, the vote standing: Champlin 72, Sbarle (41. The "House then adjourned to give the Al-liance-Democratic combination an opportunity to agree upon the remainder of its slate. P. J. Smalley, Democrat, of Caledonia, is to be chosen Clerk, and the two parties will alternate on the remaining offices and the committees. The Senate held a short sesion, during which Senator Dean, of St, Paul, introduced a voluminous bill to prevent bribery, corruption, or intimidation at elections. It requires every candidate for office to file an affidavit of the amount of money expended in his election, and makes the violation of the law a misdemeanor, punishable by fine or imortsonment

It also makes the candidate forfeit the election in case he has been chosen if the offense, is proved against him. * It is said the conference of the Alliance and Dem? ocratic members wont farther than tho I organization of the House, and contem--1 plates a fusion of the Democratic and i Alliance parties! in 1892, with Ignatius i Donnelly for Governor and C. D. O’Brien Ixqr Thomas Wilson for United States Senator. FOREIGN GOSSIP. It is now tho seventh week of the prov- ! afonce of frost throughout the United ■ Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, i with no.signs of abatement of the severity of the weather. From John O’Groat's ; House TO Land's End the country is I wrapped in snow, and canals and streets are frozen fast. For duration of the I frost period this is tiie greatest winter of I the century, and in point of severity the ' winters of 1813 and 1814 alone exl eeeded it. Fairs were then held on i tlie Thames. Severn and Tyne, and I Tweed. Booths were raised on the ice j and all the usual fair frolics were held I thereon. Numerous deaths have resulted from the extreme cold, several of them at the very gates of workhouses where groups of poor pgople were waiting for shelter. Midland newspapers declare that thousands of persons in that region are in a condition of semi-starva-tion, many laborers being compulsorily | idle, without tires or food. Mayors of cities, with the aid of local boards, are directing an organized distribution of bread and coal and. are starting relief kitchens, still they fail to reach a host oK cases of distress. Numerous instances occur of coroner’s inquests on ihe bodies of people found dead in bed, where the verdict is-that death resulted from cold and hunger. In every country on the continent -there is suffering because of the severe weather. The coasts of Belgium. Holland, and North Germany are blocked with ice. In the Sheldt River navigation is ata standstill on account of the ice. At the North German port of Cuxhaven twenty-nine ships are ice-bound. Pilots are unable to communicate with vessels on account of the ice-floes making tho harbor in- . accessible. The steamer Britannia from Leith caint? into collision with tlie steamer Bear from Grangemouth in the Firth of Forth, Scotland. The Bear sank immediately, the crew having no time to latfnch a boat or make any effort whatever to save themselves. Os the fourteen inch on board the Bear twelve went down with the vessel. Two others were rescued by a boat from tho Britannia. FRESH AND NEWSY. Mr. Sears, o( Melrose. Mass., is a man whose greatest ambition is to possess the. best St.Vßornnrd dog in tho world. After repealed offers he has at length persuaded tW owner of the acknowledged champion in England to dispose of him. For two years Sir Bedivere, as this paragon of the canine race is dubbed, has held undisputed sway among .the celebrities of Great Britain, and so renowned did he become that an English,enthusiast tendered his owner $7,500 in cash. It is thought Mr. Sears paid SIO,OOO for him. TiiE'Sipux City and Northwestern Railroad Company has been buying right of way for, a line extenduig_about thirty miles east of Sioux City. It is learned that the line is to bo built for the purpose of giving access to several roads to Sioux City. The Chicago. Rock Island and Pacific and the Winona and Southeastern arc-two of lite roads that have made arrangements for coming in. - The census bulletin, just issued, on church statistics puts Hie Salvation Army down as one of the religious “denoihinations,” just like the Methodists, Baptists, ahd Presbyterians. For a comparatively new denomination the Salvation Army makes a good showing. It has 329 regular congregations, with churches or halls for worship, though tlie number of members is placed at only •9.000. The “army” does not seem to care much for material investments, as the total value of its property in the whole country is placed as $37,000. R. G. Di x & Co.'s weekly review of trade says: The year opens with the expected improveinent in the money markets and in collections resulting from annual disbursements which have been larger than usual. The hopeful feeling i-n most branches of trade continues also, and the railroad outlook is improved. It is becoming clearer every day that tlie one great obstacle to prosperity is Hie fear that debasement of the dollar may produce violent contraction, withdrawal of foreign investments, collapse of credit s, and a disaster which will be felt by every branch of trade and industry. The iron and steel manufacture has been so rap-idly-extended that shrinkage of.credits has forced sales in many cas« at prices below cost. Ou Ihe whole the prospect is considerably less bright than it has been for many years in this industry. Reports of trade from dlll'erent cities are still much influenced by reviews of last year's great, business. but generally indicate a. large volume of traffic in progress for the season, with marked improvtmenl since the monetary pressure abated. Boston notes larger sales of boots and shoes and of leather, and stronger hides, firmer wool, ami quiet, lumber. At Philadelphia tlie leather.and shoe trades are dull, wool is in little demand, some uneasiness is seen t’egatdhisn obligations in tobacco, but better collect ions in paints. At Chicago receipts of grain equal last year's: increase is seen in butter and cheese, hides and wool. but. decrease in dressed beef, cured,.meat s, and lard: dry goods and clot hing sales exceed last, year's, wjth excellent payments, and the shoo trade increases. MAIIKET BEPORT& 6- " ’ CHICAC.p. Cattle Common toPriuie.... $3.25 ® 5.75 Hotts—Whipping Grades 3.00 @ 4.00 Sheep 3.00 ® 5.25 Wh eat— Xo. 2 Red .92 (ai .93 CoitN—No. 2 49 ® .43'/.. Oats—Xo. 2...'. 13 .44 Rye—No. 2.... .Co & .71 Bv'iter—Choice Creamery 24 (<t .27 Cheese—Full Cream, flats oo'.',«s .10'.; Eggs—Ereen , ....... .22 *@ .23* Potatoes—Western. i>er bu... . .92 <9 .97 INDIANAPOLIS. Cattle—Shipping 3.50 & 4.75 Hogs—Choice Light 3.00 & 4.00 Sheep—Common to Prime 3.00 ® 4.75 Wheat No. 2 Red .95V.'(<$ .96'6 Corn - No. 1 White 49,>X(«5 .SOS; Oats—No. 2 White 45'.~i9 .46 " ST. LOUIS. Cattle , 4.00 @5.25 Hogs.. L... 3.0 q 3.75 Wheat -No. 2 Red 94hj@ Corn—No. :!. 4H 1 ..<9 .49'.. Oats—No. 2 ,44'.Uu > .45'3 BAiit.EY—Minnesota-....' " .73 '74 CINCINNATI. CATTLr... 3.00' @ 4.50 HOOS 3.00 3.75 Sheep.; 3.00 ® 5.50 Wheat—No. 2 Red ,97'.>(9 .9S‘4 Corn—No. 2..4 j..; ~53h.@ .541.. Oats—No. 2 Mixed.: .46 M 47 MILWAUKEE. Wheat No. 2 Spring 87’ & .88 Corn-No. 3 .50 @ ,50;« Oa is— No, 2 White ,46’A@ .47'.5 RYE—No. I ; 69’’@ .71* Barley—No. 2 07 ,g<j DETROIT. ( ATTI.F... 3.00 it) 4.50 Hogs .' 3.00.9 3.7’5 Sheep 3.00 <9 4.00 Wheat—No. 2 Red..... 94 ® .94' l i Corn—No. 2 Yellow 51J.1@ .52 Oats—No. 2 White............... .45'gg) .46 TOLEDO. Wheat ; 96 @ .’MPo Corn -Cash 52 (dl .£2lj Oats No. 2"White;... 43'..@ ,44'u BUFFALO. Cattle -Good to Prime 4.00 ® 5.00 Hogs’—Medium and Heavy 3.50 (9 4.25 Wheat—No. 1 Hard 1.08 @ 1.08J.J Cons—No. 2 57V,@ ,58's EAST LIBERTY. Cattle—Common to Prime..... 3.50 @5.00 Hogs—Light 3.25 <9 4.00 Sheep—Medium to Good 4.00 & 5.50 Lambs 5.00 @6.50 NEW YORK. Cattle... 3.50 @5.25 Hogs 8.25 @ 4.25 Sheep 4.00 @ 6.00 Wheat—No. 2 Red 1.05 0 1.06 Cobx—No. 2..... .60 0 .01 Oat«— Mixed Western 49 • .53

A COMING BILLIONAIRE WHO WILL BE THE FIRST MAN TO OWN $1,000,000,000 ? Tlioinas G. Slieartnan Shows 4 ® How Our Present System of Taxation Tends to Produce the Billionaire—lt Robs the Poor “and Makes the Rich Mill Richer—A Startling Exposure of the Tariff - Robbery. More than a year ago Thomas G. Shearman had an article in The Forwni with the title, “Who Owns the United States?” which was- very widely discussed at the time. He has now returned to tlie same subject in its relations to taxation, contributing a very striking paper to the January number of the same periodical on “The Coming Billionaire.” The present article is concerned mainly with showing how our present system of indirect taxation tends to increase the wealth of rich men. while laying greater and disproportionate burdens upon the poor. Mr. Shearman's 'figures are not overdrawn, and his tendency to understate facts makes tlie results reached all tho more startling. In the article a year ago Mr. Shearman gave figures showing approximately how the xvealth of tlie country is divided. In tire present paper he recalls those figures. They are as follows: Class. Families. Wealth. Rich 182,000 $43,3 "u,(XX), 0)0 Middle 1,200,000 7.500,000,000 Working 11,620,000 11,215,000,000 Totals 13,002,000 $62,082,000,000 These estimates were made according to certain rules which cannot be explained within the limits of this article, but which certainly do not err on the side of exaggeration. Using the same rules. Mr. Shearman proceeds here to show how the wealth produced in 1890 is distributed. This wealth he estimates at $13,000,000,000. and after allowing four per cent, for repairs and replacement he finds that i tlie net incomes are distributed as follows : I Families. Average income. Total income. j 180,000 $25,000 $4,500,060,000 1,200.000 1,250 1,500,000.000 11,620,000 560 '6,500,030,000 13,000,000 $930 $12(500,000,000 In treating tho above figures from the standpoint of taxation Mr. Shearman reaches results which are most amazing. Without any tax at all the ISO.! 06 rich, he finds, -can save on an average twothirds of their incomes, while tlie rest of tho people could scarcely stive one-fifth of theirs. A system of taxation, therefore, like our tariff system, which is levied upon the expenses of the people, rather than upon what they own, bears far more iheavily upon tlie poorer people, who must spend nearly all they make, than upon the rich, who need to spend pnly one-third Os theirs. Estimating this tax burden upon expenses at 15 per cent., the poorer classes would pay $960,000,(100 a year, while tho rich would pay onlv $225,000,000. But a part of the total thus paid by. rich and poor goes, not to the Government. but. to a small section o' the richer class itself. This.part Mr. Shearman estimates at one-third, which is certainly a very low estimate. In other wortls, about $400,000,000 is annually restored to the richest class. The results of this taxation may be thus displayed: ANNUAL SAVINGS OF THE. RICH. Natural sax-ings. $3,030,000,030 Deduct taxes, etc $225 000,000 Add profits irom tax s.ys- ’ torn 400,000,000 — ■ 175,000.000 Total. $3,175,000,000 ANNUAL SAVINGS OF OTHER CLASSES. Natural savings .$1,600,000,000 Deduct taxes,etc !.,.... 960,000,000 Net $640,000,000 In this way it will be seen that indirect taxation causes tlie rich to gain on classes at the rate of mor.- than $2,000,000,006 each year. But if some fair system of direct, taxation according to wealth were in use. a far different distribution of Hie burdens of taxation and of tlie accumulations of xvealth would be reached. Mr. Shearman makes a rough estimate that a direct tax of one and one-fifth per cent; on all property at its full value would thus be required. Then tho burden of taxation would be thus divided: 180,606 rich would pay $520,006,000. 12,820,000 otliers xvould pay >225.000,000. If a system of direct taxation were int roduced it would result in a saving to the middle and working classes of about 000 a year forever. ' ” 4 To illustrate the force of these figures, Mr. Shearman takes an individual case. The owner of $10,000,000 need not now pay more than $15,000 ;i year in indidirect taxes: and if lie is a protected owner of mines or factories, this very indirect taxation often brings him in $106,000 a year. On the other hand, under direct taxation he would pay $120,000.a year in taxes, and he would get back nothing out of tlie pockets of other people. Mr. Shearman estimates that if the extra profits made out of indirect taxation even by a $10,600,000 capitalist were put at compound interest at 5 per cent , it would reach in thirtyfive years an amount equal to his original capital. As there is, however, already some direct local taxation, the estimates above, given must b$ rqduccd by about oneeighth, the probable proportion of such taxation to the whole volume of taxes. In review of these remarkable figures, Mr. Shearman asks xvliether the billionaire will come. His conclusion is that if the existing system of indirect taxation continues, the billionaire is a certainty. If things continue as at present, at least one billionaire can be produced in forty years by merely putting money at 4 per cent, compound interest, and in sixty years several can bo produced. But Mr. Shearman thinks that the billionaire will not come, for the very good reason that our protective tariff system is doomed. The passage of the .McKinley bill has’ set forces .to work which will surely undermine it. I’he repeal of the sugar tax. which was intended to save the protective system will inevitably work its ruin by teaching the people by one greg.t object lesson, thc'effectsof protection. With the enormous permanent expenses which tlie Republicans have saddled upon the country, and a deficit of $50,006,000 in the near future, no sy.- <-m of tariff taxation can be devised which will produce enough revenue xvithout a tax upon sugar. , But, once sugar is cheapened by the abolition of the tariff tax on it, no partywill ever venture to reimpose the tax. The party that would do it would be voted out of existence at the very next election. The Republicans, therefore, have themselves made some form of indirect tax, perhaps the income tax. inevitable; The last election has doomed the wool tax, and the wool growers have, threatened that the tax on woolen goods shall follow the tax on wool Blaine’s reciprocity, too, is going to take the wind out of the protection sails. Altogether the outlook for the protective tariff system is extremely gloomy, and $s the reign of the extortioner is fast drawing to a close the billionaire will not come. “ Confounded by Market Reports.” The President took pains to defend the McKinley law in his message to Congress. He triumphantly claimed that “the misinformation as to the terms of the act which has been so widely disseminatdti at home and abroad will be corrected by experien .-e, and the evil augu-

ries as to its results cawfonnded by the market reports, the savings banks, international trade balances, and the general prosperity of our people. Already we begin to hear from abroad and from our custom houses that the prohibitory effect upon importations imputed to the , act is not justified.” i Then he pointed with pride to the I fact, in proof of this, that “the imports 1 at the port of _New York for the first I three weeks of November were nearly i 8 per cent, greater than for the same I time in 18S9 and 29 per cent, greater J than in the same period of 1888, ” Iti other words, the President praised the I McKinley law for failing to do the very i thing it was intended to accomplish, that I is, to restrict importations. I But while-the President expresses his ; gratification that the “evil auguries” .were being “confounded by tlie market reports,” the Republican organs are I searching diligently for evidence that | those “auguries” wiil be justified. A late I number of the New York Press. Robert j, P. Porter's paper, remarks in its “Tariff | Pictures.” which are printed in heavy I bla-k typo at the head of its editorial I columns, the British iron and steel exl ports to the United States in November. I 1889, amounted to 47,211 tons: but that ! in November. 1896. “the McKinley bill ' went into effect in meantime,” and these figures fell to 40,362 tons. < TARIFF LETTERS TO FARMER ‘ BROWN. NO. 13. Does a Protective Tariff Restrict Exportation? Dear Farmer Brown: In discussing in my last letter the question whether the tariff restricts foreign trade, I confined myself entirely to one side of this trade, that of importation. According 1 now take up the other side., that of exportation—Does the tariff hinder us from ‘selling our products abroad? Many protectionists profess to believe that we have no need for a foreign market, an<T contemptuously ask, with exGov. Foraker of Ohio. “What have we to do with abroad?” Some seeker for protection said before McKinley's committee last year that we ought to eat all our beef at home, instead of selling our surplus beef in Europe. The Anieriettn Ecoiunnixt, the organ of the Protective Tariff League, prints an article to shoxv what we arc losing by selling the greater part of our 'cotton in Europe I instead of manufacturing it ourselves. This paper scouts tlie idea that we need a foreign market at all; it ridicules the idea that we can compete in the world's markets, pretedds that those markets are comparatively worthless anyway, and yet facos about and tries to sliow that our tariff does not in any measure prevent us from selling our products abroad. I Contempt for t lie foreign market, howI ever, is rapidly passing away, even ’ among stanch protectionists, as is shown by J the popularity of Blaine's tame reciprocity scheme. The great farming masses of the land are fully , awake to the importance of a foreign market for “another bushel of wheat and j . another barrel of pork. ” 4 i But to the main question—how docs ' protection cut us off from the foreign market for our products? It does this i in various ways. ~ln the first place, if a tariff-wall was ■ put up so high that no foreign goods at ; all could come into the country, all of our exports would have to be paid for in money. But it would be impossible for I foreign countries to stand tho ! drain upon their currency which ' tin's would cause. Our total sales in for- ; eign countries for the fiscal year ending . June 30, 1890, amounted to $789,000 ( 000. ! If foreign nations should have to pay us I this Vast sum of money every year their J money would soon be exhausted, and ' trade with us would cease. But what is still worse for us, if this enormous vol- i ume of money were, added every year to our currency, our money would soon be- ' come so plentiful as to lose its present I value; in other words, the price of every- i thing we have to buy would go up enor- I monsly. ' I On this around mainly the revenue re- I I formers lay down their proposition, that ■ i we'must buy.from foreign nations if we ! wish to sell to them. I This proposition does not mean neees- ' sarily that our purchases from any one j country must balance our sales to it: for ' ■ it is a current custom in foreign trade I I that the merchants ofh one country ex- , I change bills with those of a second conn- ■ i try to wipe out debts with those of a : i third country. In this way our large ; I purchases of coffee and rubber in Brazil i. are largely paid for by sending our I'arni i j products to England, the English mer- | I chants, in turn, settling with the Brazil- ' ; ians by shipping -them manufactured I i goods of various kipds. | Again, if we could realize the protect ion- 1 ists' ideal of selling as much as possible ; to foreigners xvithout buying anything ' from them, anotlier serious difficulty I would arise. If ships had to come empty ! i across tlie ocean for our products, those I | products would have to pay double i ' freights to get into European markets. ' j On the contrary, when we buy largely in I foreign nations, many ships come to our | I shores»laden with.goods, and these ships ! ■ are anxious to get cargoes to take back. : ! This was well illustrated (luring the first ’ ; week oj' last October, the last week of i ■ the old tariff law. An extraordinary , : number of s ships were entered at the, i port of NeW York, and the exports of i I American products were enormous. So I many ships were ( ompeting for return I ; cargoes tliat the charge for freight from ; j New York to European ports reached a j i very low figure, there being some cases. ' indeed, where grain was taken free as ; i ballast. > Now it is clear that, the cheaper ocean ; freights are the cheaper will our prod- j ucts be put down in foreign markets, 1 the greater will be their sales, and the ’ more successful will be their eompeti- J tion with the products of rival nations. I BuDgrain which has to pay two freights j is /ec-essarily sold at a higher price, and thje consumers of grain will buy elsewllie.re if possible. {Considerations of this kind have already found expression in England, ■ i wnich takes by far the largest part of | our exported products, particularly farm j products. When the McKinley bill was I passed the London Eeonumist commentled upon thatunwise measure by saying: “Many of the staple commodities we now import from the United States we can buy elsewhere, and it' tlie cost of production in the States is enhanced, as it must be under the new tariff, markets will become the cheapest for us ' to buy in.” Evon before the McKinley bill was i ' passed the English had begun to turn 1 I their attention to other sources of grain ! I supply. The London correspondent of j I the New York Times, in a cable) dispatch i | to that paper early in Septeiinber last I I year, said of the McKinley bill:. “For one thing, it has already made Br certain tliat Europe will take no interest in the Chicago exhibition; and will practically be unrepresented there. Even more important is the impulse it has given here to consolidate capital in an energetic effort to immediat»|ly push railways throughout the Indian and Russian wheat belts. and thus render the European market independent of American j grain supplies. ” I In this way a natural retaliation will be the result which we shall reap from our McKinleyism. But our foreign trade is not |o be restricted .by natural I forces alone. Direct retaliation will

i be tried by legislation in some • countries. Mexico, indeed, has already • i imposed retaliatory duties upon some of our products. France is even now busied i m (th a plan to increase its tariff duties. Ihe men having this measure in charge > referred to the example set by ftie United States aS an excuse for the .’high duties ■ they are trying to enact into law. Many ( of those duties bear heavily upon our farm products. In Spain there is also an agitation for a higher tariff, and again the McKinley law of the United States is offered as an excuse. While the McKinley bill was still under discussion Spain laid a duty upon our (flour which practically excludes it from Cuba,, where we had a growing trade. I But there is another important respect in which the tariff hinders exportation. The tax upon the raw materials of manufactures adds so greatly to the cost of the finished product as to exclude it from the foreign market. The tax on w->sa increases the cost of making cloth, and we can export no woolen cloth or clothing to other countries. A great export- . ing merchant of New York has pointed I out that in those manufactured articles 1 in which the labor cost is greatest he can 1 offer successful competition in foreign I markets, while those in which the cost of the raw material is greatest he can,l not successfully sell abroad in the face |of foreign competition. In proportion, j then, as the tariff increases the cost of I nroduction, in like proportion doxveshat ! onj-selves out from successful competiI tion in the world's market. Yours truly, Richard Knox. ,| RAILROAD LABOR. I Wages Differ Greatly on Onr Tlie Bearings of This Fact on Protection to Labor. The protectionists claim that it is our tariff which causes Higher wages in tho United States than in Europe, and that ' if the tariff were wiped out wages xvith us would at once sink to the European level. But if there is any warrant for Such a claim the protectionists ought to be able to explain why it is that wages differ so widely in different parts gs our own country. The fifth annual report of the UnitedStates Labor Commissioner. Mr. Carroll D. Wright, is devoted entirely to railroad labor, and 3 this document gives some ! facts as to wages which ought to prove I very puzzling. to protectionists. The ! following table displays the difference in wages paid to railroad employes: average daily rate of wages. New New England. York. Georgia. Ohio. ' Brakemen 81.80 . $1.73 $1.26 $1.86'4 I Conductors 2.82 2.54 2.58'.j 2.C>l’„ ; Engineers 3.3!'._> 3.15 2.91 3.07'.j , Firemen 1.89 1.72 1.29'4 1.79 U. Laborers 1.51 1.23'.; 88 1.21 Tel. operators., 1.42'4 1.34 ... I;s(>'.; 1.47 Switchmen 1.78 1.27 . 1.11 1.53'4 Northwest Pacific AverTexas. States. States, age. Brakemen $1.95 .$1.7.5'.; .81.96 $1.78 I Conductors 2.92).; 2.8)'3 00 2.63 ■ Engineers 3.5.5 2,7;) ... . 3.22 c. Firemen 2.04 l.'.M'.j .... 1.79 1 .; Laborers 1.21 1.3 > 1.87'.; 1.26 Tel. operators.. 1.67'4 - 1.35'.; 2.09?; 1.13'4 ' Switchmen 2.30,' J 2.15-... . 2.23, 1.50 J.; ' These figures are collected with absoI Juto impartiality, and can be implicitly i relied upon. They show that wages for I precisely the same labor have by no | means sunk' to the same level even in I our own country. Firemen, for example,. ' earn $1.29' > a daydn Georgia, $1.90'; in i the Northwestern States, and $2.04 in ' Texas. In the NortHwestern States en- ; gineors earn $2.79L', but in New England tltey get $3.32";', and in Te_xas e 53.55. Ohio pays its brakemeh cents pa day more than New England does, but j. New England pays its switchmen 29'4 i cents more than Ohio. Engineers in i New York get 35}4- cciHfrs a day more ' than in the Northwestern States, but | switchmen are paid 88J4 cents more in I the Northwest than in New York. I Throughout the table similar differences ; and crass differences arc found, and 4 nowhere is there unformity. i Railroad employes have better facilities than any other class of laborers to info'tn themselves of tlie condition, I wages,.etc., of their fellow workmen in I other parts of the country: they have | fewer local ties to bind them to any one i place, and can easily begin life in an- ' other part of the land, vet the firemen ' earning only $1.29', in Georgia do not j rush off to Texas to earn $.2.04. Uommcn railroad laborers do not desert Texas, where they get $1.21 a day, to compete with the same class of laborers in tho Pacific States, who earn $1.87’_.. be something wrong in the I projectionists' wag'es theorv. I. ' . Hard on Manufacturers. i In discussing tlie mower and reaper trust, the Cincinnati Commcre'uilGazette, ; the leading high-tariff organ of Ohio, : displays a very poor opinion of .our busii ness. men. It says: “If business men I would be less savagely ambitious, less j grasping, less malevolent toward their 1 neighbors, .and would be satisfied with I the fair ami decent earnings of their en- ' deaVors.” etc. | This is a rather harsh opinion, but it ! is.no more harsh than that expressed by j Senator Plumb in his attack upon the I McKinley bill The Kansas Senator I said: “Merchants go down: farmers fail ; everywhere. They do not expect to be ; exempt from chances of this kind. The ! manufacturer is.the one person who in- ’ sists that lie is never to fail so long as I laws can be written and passed putting i duties enough upon tho art.icles'ft'hich he i manufactures to enable him to make a ; profit.” The Senator, tn the same speech. ■ quoted approvingly a business friend of, | his from Chicago, who assured him that . “the American manufacturer does not j manufacture anything he cannot make ( a certain and great profit on, and that he ] stands out of the way of the foreign 1 manufacturer as to other articles on 1 which he cannot make satisfactory profI its.” 1 Yet when Democratic opponents of ' our high-tariff system say things-like I these, they are denounced as “enemies ’ of American industry” and as “serving j European interests.” Alarmed About the Reaper Trust. Uncle Jerry Rusk, the Secretary of the Department of Agriculture, at I Washington, is greatly alarmed at the ' organization of the. “Mower and Reaper i Trust.” His alarm is not lest the farmers may have to pay higher prices for their machinery, but lest they should see that this is a tariff trust and should go and vote against tlie Republican party. He says: “The first thing the farmer will do when he is acquainted with these facts : about the mower and reaper trust will ! be to make a howl against trusts and protection that does not protect. I Whether justly or not. he will charge it !to the Republican party. lam as certain as I can be of anything that this I tfiower and reaper trust will cost the I Republican party hundreds of thousands of votes at the next Presidential election unless it takes a firm stand against it and trusts in general. ” Flaying foot-ball he liked very much, 1 So he said, till he met the strong clutch Os the enemy’s tackle; Then he heard his bones crackle, And now he goes round on a crutch. Most fellows who go from this world leave nothing but a “void” behind them, the most eloquent thing, by-the-way, to recall them to those who take any interest in vacuums. Who has not felt how sadly sweet The ckeam of home, the aream of home, Steals o’er the heart, too soon to fleet* When far o’er sea and land we roaiaf

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