Decatur Daily Democrat, Volume 62, Number 149, Decatur, Adams County, 24 June 1964 — Page 12

PAGE FOUR-A

City Os Berlin Is Tale Os Two Cities

(EDITOR’S NOTE: What makes a city great other than its siie alone- This is another in the series on 15 great cities of the world.) GREAT CITIES > f Nel 12 — Berlin By JOSEPH FLEMING United Press International BERLIN (UPI) — Berlin is a tale of two cities. There is an East Berlin and there is a West Berlin. And the difference between the two parts are mere than geographic. The -city, of course, is split. The line — now a wall — dividing the Soviet sector o£sthe ci|y from the Western (Allied sectors runs roughly from the northwest to the southeast dividing a total area of 341 square miles into two unequal parts. The American and British and French sectors comprise 186 miles or 54.5 per cent and the Soviet sector has 155 miles or 45.6 per cent.

Gap In Reporter's Education Plugged By DICK WEST United Press International WASHINGTON (UPI) — In thinking back over the history lessons I had in school. I am unable to recall any mention of our founding fathers getting snockered on “arrack punch.” This gap in my education has been pluged by a document someone sent me from Williamsburg, Va., home of the famous 18th Century restoration project. A section of the annual report of the president of colonial Williamsburg is devoted to the taverns that flourished there in pre-revolutionary times. Taverns were favorite meeting places of many early American patriots and, the reportsays, it was in their noisy rooms “that intrigue against the British crown brewed.” The report also makes it clear that intrigue wasn't ail 1 ' that was brewing. After attending a dance at the Raleigh Tavern in 1763, Thomas Jefferson, then 20 years old, wrote that “I never could have thought the succeeding sun would have seen "me so wretched as I now am!” Sounds Like Hang Over> The report suggests that Jefferson was lovesick. It sounds to me more like a hangover. Some 30 years before, when

SPECIAL WASHINGTON REPORT

G.L Bill Shows Way For War On Poverty By John S. Gleason, Jr. Administrator of Veterans Affairs

This yeaciinarks the 20 th anniversary of the G.I. Bill of Rights, l an histone ■■example of long-range planning {hat provided this i nation with a smooth transition from a society and economy of

| Upjohn S. Glmhow, A.

the most conservative observer that action wai needed and the G.I. Bill won prompt, bi-parti-san support. The G.I. Bill provided training for 7.8 million veterans, nearly half of all who served during the war. Over half of these went to college. And America is richer, stronger today for the skilled manpower 'provided by the G.I. Bill—-450,-000 engineers, 180,000 doctors, dentists, and nurses, 360,000 school teachers, and 150,000 scientists. Equally beneficial has been the long-range effects of the loan program. One out of every five homes built since the end of World War II wWs. financed with a G.I. loan. More than 5.2 million World War II veterans were granted Veterans Administration home, farm, or business loans totalling mote than $43 billion. JFhe almost 5 million home loans helped touch off an unparalleled postwar housing boom. Readjustment allowances helped tide nearly 9 million veterans through the initial period while they looked for jobs. The average stay on the rolls was only 19 weeks. Only 900,000 veterans, or about one out of

. Along with the geographic split there is a political split and a cultural and social one. In the 19 years since the end of World War II when the division began, such differences have arisen that in some ways a West Berliner would feel more at home in Boston than East Berlin. Difference In Smells Tie East begins in East Berlin. The city there has an eastern feel and an eastern look. It even smells different than West Berlin. Every city has a distinctive odor compounded of fuels used in homes and factories, the gasoltne burned by automobiles, the type of foliage, the proximity of woods and bodies of water. Western Allied soldiers who moved into Berlin in 1945 noted the odor of death in the ruins caused by 71,000 tons of bombs. » There was a desert of 1,755,000.000 cubic feet or rubble.

Jefferson’s father bought a piece of land from William Randolph, the contract sipulated that the deal be closed with “the biggest bowl of arrack punch” the Raleigh Tavern could provide. Another big night at the Raleigh came a century later when former President John Tyler and friends were toasting the memory of Jefferson, Washington, Patrick Henry and other patriots who had frequented the tavern. Waiters Collide Two waiters who were bearing champagne collided at the table and one of the bpttles hit Tyler on the forehead, drawing blood. “You see the old man, as yet, has plenty of red claret in his veins,” Tyler quipped. , When Maj. Gen. Baron von Steuben, who was with Washington at Valley Forge, stayed at the King’s Army Tavern, he ran up a bill that included 60 shillings for “cyder & ale,” 170 for grog, 20 for rum and 300 for wine. AU in three days. In the diaries of William Byrd II was found an account of an evening when someone heaved a brick through a tavern window at Col. Robert Carter. Such goings-on are out of focus with my schoolboy image of the founding fathers, but it is easy to understand how they happened. Arrack punch was made by mixing orange juice with boiling water, sugar, arrack and hot wine.

war to one of peace. The lessons learned under the G.I. Bill of Rights have important value today. At the close of World War lIJ one respected economist predicted a whopping 19 million unemployed if the postwar economy dropped back to its 1940 level of output. Even conservative estimates placed the figure at a staggering 8 million. The largest military force in U.S. history was clamoring for quick discharge from duty, for jobs, houses, and education. It was clear to even

ten, exhausted their full rights to unemployment benefits. Like President Johnson’s'War on poverty, the G.I. Bill was aimed at helping a minority of U.S. citizens. But by helping the minority — the returning veterans —the- G.I. Bill helped stimulate a soaring economic ■boom and a smooth transition from a war economy. Similarly, help for our nation’s poor cannot help but strengthen our nation as a whole. If we can raise the earnings of 10 million workers by only SIOOO per year, we will add sl4 billion to national output. Viewed another way, poverty is now costing this nation $4 billion a year in public assistance payments alone. This does nOt include the added cost of fighting poverty-breeding crime, delinquency, and disease. The G.I. Bill has shown us that a program aimed at helping those that need help will serve every segment of the community. The G.I. Bill of Rights ; has shown us what can be done with a relatively modest investments And President Johnson.,, has shown us what must be done . if this nation is to meet its. unique historical and social obligations. " , — - >

In the ruins, Berliners sang a song called “Berlin Will Rise Again.” Few really believed the song. Those who said it would take 50 to 100 years to rebuild the city were considered optimists. Construction Underway Slowly the city did rise again, even East Berlin. West Berlin has become one * vast construction site. It has built new housing equivalent to that of a city of more than half a million people. Along with reconstruction the

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THE DECATUR DAILY DEMOCRAT. DECATUR. INDIANA

odor of death gave way to what Berliners call the "Berliner lust,” the exhilirating feel and smell of air purified by 189 lakes, rivers, streams and canals, by Woods and farmland. If the figure of 189 bodies of water seems unbelievable, it may be noted that greeter Berlin claims more bridges than Venice — 500 odd to not quite 400 far Venice. „ In East Berlin the smell of death lingered on years after it disappeared in the West. There still are traces of it

there. Almost without exception, Americans consider Berlin their favorite German city. Many like it better than any other European city. American soldiers who serve here feel at home. And their feeling of affection for' Berliners is reciprocated. Berliners like them and there is almost none of the friction here between the Army and the local residents that exists in other parts of Europe. Americans Popular

Berliners like foreigners and they particularly like Americans. They are good hosts and they try to make visitors feel at home. They are talented in speaking foreign languages and like to speak them. English is the most widely spoken foreign language and an astounding number of policemen, taxi drivers, waiters and others who come in contact with visitors can speak it. Berliners have lived with the told war so long that they have grown used to it. They don’t

like it’but they put up with it. They have been through so many East-West disputes and crises that sometimes the city seems to ignore the newest one. But this is just an appearance. Oter the years they have become a Jittle nervous and they are easily roused. The wall, built Aug. 13, 1961 on the East-West city border shook them more than many believed possible. Wall Signifies Defeat ■ The wall was the last step in a process that began years

WEDNESDAY, JUNE 24, 1564

ago, even before the 1 beginning erf the 1948-1949 blockade At first the Russians beginning in 1945 tried to gain political control of all of Berlin. When that failed they separated East Bertin politically from West Berlin and blockaded West Berlin in an effort to force the Western Allies out The air lift and West Berlin courage defeated the blockade. » The wall, no matter bow bitter is was to the West, was a Russian admission of complete defeatj in Berlin.