Decatur Daily Democrat, Volume 62, Number 95, Decatur, Adams County, 21 April 1964 — Page 6

PAGE SIX

Adams County Farmers’ Corner

County Agent’s Corner

Fit your corn population to the yield you expect. Each 4.000 stalks oer acre will give about 25 bushels per acre yield. Highest yields in Indiana county demonstrations for the past two years have resulted from populations of 18,000 to 22,000 stalks per acre. Lodging is more severe at higher populations, so plant a hybrid that stands well. Oats is an excellent supplementary pasture for ewes and lambs. To establish legume and grass

Appalachia Poverty Fight By FRANKLIN D. ROOSEVELT, JR. Chairman, President's Appalachian Regional Commission (First of a Two-Part Series) The Appalachian mountain region of the eastern United States holds a special challenge for midtwentieth century America.

Rich in tradition, folklore, scenic and natural resources. Appalachia is low in employment opportunities, low in family income, and low in educational levels. In short, Appalachia constitutes the nation’s largest and most severely distressed region, surrounded on all sides by a prosperity and affluence unmatched anywhere in the world. President Johnson's Appalachian Regional Commission was created last year by President Kennedy. It has been enthusiastically supported by President Johnson. The Commission has completed an intensified study ( of Appalachia and put together a compre-

hensive program for the economic recovery of the region and its people. President Johnson has already identified the one-fifth of American people who are poverty stricken and his Economic Opportunity program has provided the beginning attack to lift these people out of their poverty condition. A regional attack on poverty’ in Appalachia, as devised by the Presidential Commission, will fight poverty where it has been entrenched for decades and where its blight has fastened upon almost one-third of the population. In the course of our study, we made one startling discovery, long suspected but never before substantiated. Simply stated, rural Appalachia lago behind rural America; urban Appalachia lags behind urban America; and metropolitan Appalachia lags behind metropolitan America. Consequently, the average Appalachian, whether he lives In a city, in a small town, on a farm, or in a mountain cabin, has not matched his counterpart in the rest of the United States as a participant in the nation's economic growth. One in five American families lives in poverty. In Appalachia almost one family in three is poor. The average per capita income in Appalachia is $1,400. compared with SI,OOO for the balance ot the United States. Kentucky, for example, has an average per capita income of only $B4l. Lnemplojment in 'Appalachia is high (71 percent) and labor force participation is low. Job opportunities are tow. and hope for employment is even lower. Total employment in Appalachia decreased 1.5 percent between 1950 and 1960 while a 15 percent employ ment increase took place in the rest ot the United States. The solution to Appalachia’s problems is not simply to abandon the region as some would argue. The Appalachian region, its people, its resources, ana its potential are too important to oe ignored. Apnalachia sprawls across nine states, stretching some 800 miles along the mountainous backbone ot the eastern United States. Its boundaries encompass 165.000 square miles and include 15.3 million people, 8.5 percent of the nation s population. The nine Appalachian States a-e Pennsylvania. West Virginia. Maryland. Virginia, Kentucky, Tennessee North Carolina Alabama and Georgia. We Americans are now faced with a moral choice as well as an economic choice. Can we allow more than 15.000,000 people ir an area the size of California to sink more deeply into despair and deprivation? Or we can demonstrat" that we have the resources and the determination to assist an underdeveloped region in the midst of plenty. Success ot this program will equip the nation with the machinery tor countering economic recession in whatever region it may occur.

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pasture, seed two bushels of oats, six pounds of brome or timothy and six pounds of alfalfa per acre. When oats are six inches tall they are very palatable, and since the land is cultivated, there is almost no danger from internal parasiter. The ewes will eat the oats and conditions will be ideal for the new seeding of legumes. Backyard fruit growers need to start their spray programs for insect and disease control now.

MIIKIII

Iw Franklin D. Roosevelt, Jr.

Foilage needs to be protected when growth starts. All-purpose = and one-package fruit spray corn-E bination contain several insecti-fi cides and fungicides and areg available under several trade 6 name labels. These spray com-3 binations are especially for mu-■ lated for control of the principal! pests of fruit trees. Apply atß seven to ten day intervals 8 throughout the season. Follows label directions for safe use andfi harvest restrictions. Disease prevention is vital to? modern livestock production. Onei important step in disease pre- invention is isolation of all newly § purchased animals for a 30-day; period following purchase. Chemical weed killers applied g to the soil at planting time pro-S' vide excellent weed control corn and soybean fields. The_( chemical waits for weeds emerge, then kills them on con-F; tact. This type of treatment isg known as pre-emergence cation. Usually the most pre-emergence treatment is to; apply the chemical in a band 7 over the row, since weeds be-*" tween the rows are easily re- ’ | moved by timely cultivation. Suggestions for chemical weed _ control in corn and soybeans are ~ contained in Purdue University j extension Mimeo ID-1, “Weeding With Chemicals, 1964 Guide.” £ This publication lists Atrazine, - Randox and 2,4-D for pre-emer-g gence use on corn. Atrazine willg control both annual broad-leaved g weeds and grasses. Randox isg primarily a grass killer used® when foxtails are a major prob-g lem. g Four chemicals are suggested for pre-emergence treatment on “ soybean fields, these are Amiben, ~i Randox, Alanap 3 and Alanap Chloro-IPC. Randox should • beused only when grassy weeds = are the problem. Since Alanap 3 s does not kill smartweed, the mix-" ture of Alanap and Chloro-IPC & is suggested. Amiben is consider-g ed both a grass and broadleaf g killer. Mimeo ID-1 is available fromL the county extension office, De-7 catur. Cattle Feeder Day E At Purdue Friday | The 1964 Indiana cattle feeders £ day will be held Friday at thefc livestock experimental farm, 10-£ cated three miles north of Purdueg University, Lafayette. Progress reports will be givenjt bn the latest Purdue research on? supplementing natural diets withvitamins A. E. and K., haylage J versus corn silage and the value J of hormones in beef cattle ra-£. tions. fe Hie morning session, which will? be devoted to research will begin at 9:30 a. m. at the<livestock experimental farm. Speakers at the afternoon pro-g gram, beginning at 1 p. m. the hall of music on campus, will? be Gov. Clifford P. Hansen of? Wyoming, who is a rancher and agricultural leader; Dr. O. D. Butler, long time head of the animal husbandry department of Texas A. & M. University and . Martin Burrus, farmer and rancher from Aranzville, 111. Hansen will discuss the future of the cattle industry. Butler will answer the question, “What type beef should we produce?” and Burrus will talk about “Ranching in the midwest — cow and calf farming.”

THE DECATUR DAILY DEMOCRAT. DECATUR. INDII

i Purple Pennings •BUYING SPICES: You need not be a spice expert !to use and enjoy them. If you folllow recipes carefully, you cannot Igo too far wrong. However, when | you begin to deviate from proven I recipes and develop your own i variation, there are a few things I you might find helpful. I As commonly used, the work “spices” has come to mean the whole field of seasonings. A more complete classification of “spices” is spices, herbs, seeds, seasoning ■salts, and condiments. In the narrower sense of the word, spices are the roots, bark, leaves, fruit, flower, or buds of aromatic plants grown in tropical lands. Frequently we consider a “spice” as a hot or sharp flavor, , but there are really more sweet ’or spicy-sweet spices than hot. of these “real” spices are : cloves, all-spicg, pepper, cassia ■ (known to us as cinnamon) ginger, 1 mace and nutmeg. HERBS ‘ Herbs are the leaves of plants I grown only in temperate climates. Some popular herbs are bay leaves, basil, celery leaves, ore- - gano, parsley, mint, majoram, -sage, rosemary, savory (winter and summer), and thyme. SEEDS i This term refers to plants grown sin both tropical and temperate ■ zones. Some examples are anise, • caraway, celery, mustard, dill, I fennel and poppy. I SEASONING SALTS Such as onion, garlic and celery ; salts. They are also frequently 1 found as conbinations with one another, or with other spices in : mixtures like pumpkin pie and meat seasonings. Condiments refer to liquid or semi-liquid mixtures of spices and other material. Examples are catsup, mustard and chili sauces. STORAGE Remember that the flavor and aroma of spices come from oils and essences locked up in cell walls. Sooner or later these evaporate. How soon or how-late depends largely upon the care given them. Keep spices tightly covered. Keep them away from the stove or other warm spots. And, of course, keep them dry. For best spice flavor and aroma, buy in small quantities. Purchase of only six month’s supply is recommended at any one time. USING SPICES Select a few, learn to use them well, and then expand. Above all, remember that with spices the saying, “If a little is good, more is better” does not apply. The flavors of spice should complement, not overshadow, the natural flavors of food. So, use spices sparingly. Remember, too, that fine spice cookery can be attained only by using spices which have retained their flavor and aroma. If the rich fragrance characteristic of a particular spice is absent when you open the can, it’s time to invest a few cents in a new supply. HANDY EQUIVALENTS Butter or Margarine —1 stick (Vi lb.) — *4 cup Buttermilk —1 cup —1 or 2 tablesp. vinegar with sweet milk to full cup (let stand 5 minutes) Chocolate —1 square — 3 tablesp. cocoa plus 1 tablesp. butter Cream (unsweetened) —1 cup whipped cream — 2 cups or more after whipped Eggs — 2 large eggs — 3 small eggs. Leavening (per cup flour) — use I*4 teasp. baking powder, or *4 teasp. soda with 2 tbsp, vinegar. Macaroni —1 cup — 2¥4 -cups cooked Sugar, brown —1 pound — .2¥a.„ to 2*4 (packed) confectioners —1 pound — 4 to 4*4 cups (sifted) Granulated —1 pound — 2’4 cups Thickening —1 Tablesp. quickcooking tapioca —1 Tablesp. cornstarch or I*4 to I*4 tablesp. flour MEASUREMENTS TO KNOW: 3. teasp. —1 tablesp. 4 tablesp?— ¥4 cup 8 tablesp. — *4 cup 16 tablesp. —1 cup ? . 1 cup — 8 fl. ounces 2 cups —1 pint 4 cups —1 quart 4 quarts— 1 gallon (liquid) — Lt. Clinton Fuelling Is Graduated Friday MAXWELL AFB, Ala. — First Lieutenant Clinton P. Fuelling, son of Mr. and Mrs. Paul Fuelling of route 3, Decatur, Ind., was graduated from the United States Air Force’s squadron officer school at the air university Mere Friday. Lieutenant Fuelling was Selected for the special professional officer training in recognition of his demonstrated potential as a leader in the aerospace force. The lieutenant, whose wife, Shirley, is the daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Paul F. Bleeke of 639 Trails End, Decatur, received his B. S. degree from Ball State Teachers College, and his M. S. degree from the University of Chicago. Hie lieutenant is being reassigned to Ft. Myer, Va. Trade in a good town — Decatur.

Tillage Field Day Scheduled Here On May 5 The Indiana tillage field day, featuring minimum tillage and crop management, will be held at the Paul Kohne farm, one' mile south of Deactur on U.S. 27 and one mile west, from 10 a.m. to 4 p.m. Tuesday, May 5. Rain date, according to the announcement by Ernest Lesiuk, Adams county agricultural agent, will be Friday, May 8. The event is sponsored jointly by the cooperative extension service and the Adams county soil and ‘water conservation district. The program for the day will be as follows: Modern mimimum tillage methods —l. Latest machinery available from implement companies will be on hand to be demonstrated. 2. Local farmers will demonstrate their minimum tillage tools. Corn practices —l. Rate of planting. 2. Date of planting. 3. Row width. 4. Corn hybrids, performance tests, by agricultural experiment station, Purdue University. 5. Weed chemical comparison. 6. Insecticide comparison. Soybeans —1- Best adapted varieties for this area of Indiana. 2. Rate of planting, how many pounds per acre. 3. Row spacing, can we plant soybeans in narrow rows with a wheat drill? Purdue University extension specialists, from the agronomy, botany, entomology and agricultural engineering departments, will be present to assist in the field day. Harvest date for all tire demonstration plots will be Oct. 6, and farmers will have an opportunity to see how well each method has done. Farmers Os State Are Behind Schedule LAFAYETTE. Ind. (UPDt Even before the heavy rains hit the state during the weekend and spilled over into Monday and Tuesday, Indiana farmers were three days behind normal in their field-work. Robert E.—Straszheim, agricultural statistician at Purdue, said in his weekly crop report that last week was the most favorable of the season for getting field work done as windy, rainless days “put soils in working condition.” “Although field work moved ahead rapidly, it was still considered three .days behind usual,” Straszheim said. By week’s end, before the new rains’ fell, topsoil, moisture was adequate in most areas and subsoil moisture was mostly adequate. . . “Pastures continued showing improvement,” the report said, “but are still rated poor to mostly fair. The. per cent of cattle feed from pastures was reported at 15 per cent compared with 25 per cent for usual and 30 per cent last year.” “While spring plowing was rapid, progress is still well behind average. Plowing is about 25 per cent complete compared with 40 per cent for usual and 50 per cent last year. Seeding of spring oats is about a week behind average. Abqut 55 per cent of the oats has been seeded while usually 75 per cent is seeded by this date. The report said “rapid strides” were —made in seeding spring clover and about 80 per cent was finished, only a little behind usual. i -Cleaning Your Iron If you have ironed nylon or other such synthetic fabrics at a too-high temperature and some of the material has melted onto your iron, you can remove these deposits from the sole plate of your iron with a paste of glycerin and scouring powder. Apply the paste to the iron while it is openrating at its highest setting, then remove with a soft damp cloth. Be carer ful not to burn yourself!

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Trend In World To Relax Censorship A** -■"« K 2*' s rf* ‘

EDITOR’S NOTE: National reporter Harry Ferguson has made a survey of news censorship conditions current today. Here is his report. By HARRY FERGUSON United Press International WASHINGTON (UPD—There is a trend around the world to relax censorship and give the American foreign correspondent more freedom in what he writes. But in many nations he must walk warily* lest he steps into a hidden booby trap that will blow him cl£gr out of the country. The general conception of a censor is that he is a man with a thick blue pencil who marks a reporter’s copy and strikes out words, sentences and paragraphs. But there are other factors that impede the free flow of news into the United States: —The threat to punish a reporter after the fact. He is allowed to send a story and then the ax falls. There has been no censorship in Russia since 1961—except on nevys pictures, news films and tape recordings —but seven correspondents either have been expelled or denied re-entry after leaving the country. —The confusion that results when a large number of reporters try to file their stories on a limited communications system. That is what is happening in Cyprus today. There is no censorship, but the local cable and telegraph personnel cannot cope efficiently with the thousands of words they are asked to transmit daily. —A revolution or any abrupt national upheaval frequently causes censorship to be clamped on where none existed previously. Soon after president Joao Goulart of Brazil was overthrown three army captains walked into the Rio de Janeiro bureau of United Press International and announced they had come to “collaborate ’ and to prevent the sending of any “suspect militai*? news dr alarming reports.” Four of them have been working in shifts ever since, but so far they have cut nothing out of the file of copy. The United States has a blueprint drawn for instantaneous censorship in event .of war. Even though there is no peacetime censorship, the Peritagon takes a fling occasionally at deciding what reporters shall write and not write. The most recent case was when Fidel Castro cut off the water supply at the Guaritanamo naval base. Washington reporters were flown to Guantanamo and then told that their copy would have to be reviewed for security reasons. ft was a one-sided controversy because the only way a reporter could get his story back to the United States was to file it over Navy communications. Naturally, the Navy won. Here is a run-down on censor-

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ship in various parts of the world: Asia No prior censorship on a regular basis anywhere, but emergency censorship has been invoked in South Viet Nam. There is, of course, no censorship problem in the Communist nations' of Asia because Americqjr correspondents are not allowed to enter. Europe There is no outgoing news censorship 'in Spain and it is preparing to relax its long-time interior censorship. Elsewhere in non-Communist Europe there is freedom to write, but correspondents can get into trouble in Greece occasionally by writing something critical of the royal family. Middle East The rules vary widely. Turkey has no prior censorship and the Egyptian regulations are regarded by correspondents as moderate. Lebanon has no censorship, but Syria has a strict one. Iraq has been tough on newspapermen in the past. Israel allows complete freedom to write on every subject except the disposition of its military forces. Jordan is sensitive to dispatches about the Palestine refugees. Restrictions on correspondents in Iran are not too onerous, but Saudi Arabia has one of the world’s toughest censorships. Latin America Peru, Argentina and Uruguay all respect freedom of the press. Tliere is no censorship in Bolivia and Paraguay on outgoing dispatches, but there are no strong opposition newspapers and both nations are on the press freedom black list of the Inter-American Press Association (IAPA). Chile imposes no restraint on American and other foreign correspondents. All other Latin American nations, including Mexico, get a clean bill of health from the Inter - AmiMcan Press Association except Guatemala and Haiti. Honduras gets qualified approval because it has been going through a period of political transition. Some U.S. newspapermen, radio and television reporters recently have been in Cuba, but anything derogatory to the Castro regime is certain to draw prompt retaliation in some form. Africa South Africa has no censorship, but a Canadian correspondent was expelled for writing “gross untruths” about the political situation. Ghana has prior censorship on outgoing dispatches. Foreign correspondents seem to be under some sort of surveillance everywhere in black Africa because cables sometimes “disappear”, visas of correspondents are cancelled and “technical troubles” disrupt phone calls.

TUESDAY, APRIL 21, 1964

HVMUS) I PfTt Y > < pti o» s c?^"''' _ / *,< Hi Neighbor* I According to Hugh David Messer, chairman of the Adams county soil and water conservation district, final plans are now completed for the forth coming “Indiana tillage field day” to be held May 5, with a rain date of May 8. The Paul Kohne farm, located one mile south of Decatur on U. S. 27 and one mile west, will be the site of the field day, 10 a m. through 4 p.m. will be the time. This field day is sponsored jointly by the cooperative extension service and the Adams county soil and water conservation district. Modem minimum tillage methods and corn and soybean practices will be of interest to all Purdue University extension specialists, from the Agronomy, botany, entomology and agricultural engineering departments will be present to help make this a most interesting field day. A harvest date of October 6, has been set and you will then have the opoprtunity to see the results of each method used. We hope to see you all on May 5. All supervisors with the exception of Russel Mitchel attended this board meeting held Monday evening. Also attending were Jerry Setser, work unit conservationist, Ernest Lesiuk, county agent, and Charlotte Lindahl, the district's part-time clerk. More soils probes have been purchased by the district. These probes are available to the farmer at the soil conservation service office or at the county agent’s office. New co-operators applications approved at this meeting were: Herman Kuhn, Blue Creek: Robert Heller, St. Marys; Henry Stoller, French; Chalmer Miller, Blue Creek. The next regular meeting will be held May 18 at 8 p.m. Scorch Stains Scorch stains are almost impossible to remove from silks and woolens. Brushing scorch spots on woolens lightly with emery cloth may improve their appearance. Scorch stains cannot be removed if the fibers of the cloth have been burned.

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