Decatur Daily Democrat, Volume 61, Number 256, Decatur, Adams County, 30 October 1963 — Page 12

PAGE FOUR-A

Astronauts To Have More Trip Controll

By ALVIN B. WEBB JR. United Press International CAPE CANAVERAL (UPD— On future U.S. manned flights into space, astronauts are going to have more control over their own destinies. This intent has placed another heavy burden on the shoulders of engineers. Theirs is the task of now determining where human capabilities leave off and superhuman demands begin. And still paramount is the utmost demand for safety that characterized the Mercury man-in-space program and the “fol-low-on” projects Gemini and man-to-the-moon Apollo. Striking a happy medium between the roles of men and machines on space flights is not proving easy. U.S. astronaut Frank Borman, considered one of the best bets for an early flight aboard

U. S. Economy Is Barreling Along

WASHINGTON (UPD - The U. S. economy is barreling along today at a pace that must confound some of the pessimists of a few weeks ago. If there is a recession in the immediate future, it seems to be well hidden in the charts—the documents with the wavy 'lines and long columns of numbers which are pieced together by economists searching for clues to the future. Right now, just about everything seems to be coming up (optimism. President Kennedy’s Council of Economic Advisers keynoted the happy theme this week by estimating the gross national products (GNP) — the total estimated value of all goods and services — at $588.5 billion for the three-month period ended in September. It was the biggest quarterly jump in 21 months. And there are reasons to feel that the forces that fashioned the healthy. third quarter will continue pumping vigor into the economy for the remainder of the year and on into 1964. Recession Talk Fading The recession talk that was prevalent as recently as two weeks ago is starting to fade away. The administration still feels that President Kennedy’s sll billion tax cut is vitally needed, but there is less, emphasis on its role as an antirecession device ip 1964. The third quarter GNP rocketed to a new high mainly because of spirited consumer and business spending. Goverriment studies indicate that continued rising incomes, will help maintain the consumer spending spree for the remainder of 1963. Two important contributions also are expected from the recently enacted military pay increase and the second stage of a federal civilian pay raise. Actually, the civilian increase won’t go into effect until early next year. But economists reason that the consumer—assisted by a charge-a-plates, credit cards and human nature — will be spending it in advance dur-

jjj.(j. IIWtMMUIIUU *■» wywK"'-^*-'*■>' '■’' y • * >S. < *•«■■' zX i * * • ' ■■'■ '’■ X •, ■■ ''y'' x> $c <.-*' '' ' "' V '-‘Ms *gy ; S - x - jjy z> ■ Sv Sb/zj flra*"wi w< . Sr // IX3j W ' & 1 i vmmK W > ffj'. g* V '•■' '■ ' ■** -■ - MIGHTY LIKE A DAM—A Saturn V booster test stand takes shape at the NASA-Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Ala., where the gigantic moon capsule boosters are built and tested. The concrete pillars are nearly 150 feet tall; another 100 feet of superstructure will go on top of them. A derrick on the very top will make the total height of the structure 405 feet. Section that resembles the , spillway of a dam is a flame deflector to channel the mrkei’a exhausL

the two-man Gemini spaceships, offers a general rule-of-thumb for deciding what man can do and what he cannot be permitted to attend to on hazardous space journeys: “...The pilot will have to be ■ able to prove that he offers some unique capability that will help to insure mission success.” Must Offer Advantage In other words, the astronaut is not to be given a task simply in order that he will have something to do. He first has to prove that, in some way, he offers an advantage over the machine. Project Mercury, which sent six astronauts into space on missions of varying lengths, was an acid test. “As a result oC the , Mercury experience,” said Borman, “the pilot is both the Gemini and Apollo missions will have a more demanding

ing the Christmas season. Business spending for new plants and equipment also shows sign of staying up, on the basis of industry plans outlined six months' ago. It probably will not jump as high as the third quarter but it is expected to continue playing a vital role in propping up the economy. What about next year? Two Favorable Signs There are two favorable signs that are causing some of the limb-climbers -to predict a healthy 1964. The auto industry opened its new model year this month with sales reports that suggest a boom year for car sellers. The first 10 days of the month exceeded the corresponding 10 days in October of last year which the industry at that time felt was “tremendous.” The auto industry is one of the main arteries in the economy. When it is in a robust state, some of its vitality is channeled off to all of the other business sectors. Although there is still no advance information on next year’s business spending plans, the feeling is that the news will be good. Rising profits and consumer incomes are expected to keep business in a ‘mood to dish out more capital for expansion. The more conservative econo? mists, who see the trends as “mixed,’’ usually point to three other elements of the economy which are less optimistic. One is the high unemployment rate still hounding the nation. Retail sales also slipped in September, and industrial production just about held even after dropping in August for the first time this year. Two-Table Unit When you are using two card tables to make one long table for serving, it’s a good idea to tie the neighboring table legs together, so there will be no gap where the tables join. This also makes them more solid and ensures greater safety.

role." ' Borman cited a vivid example — the decision to let astro* nauts monitor the blast-off and powered flight and, if necessary, select a means of “aborting a Gemini shot in an emergency. In Project Mercury, most of this delicate task was handled from the ground. Giving the astronauts more in the matter, said Borman, was based on one simple fact: “The pilot provided the most reliable, lightest method

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THE DECATUR DAILY DEMOCRAT, DECATUR, INDIANA

of selecting and initiating the proper one of Gemini’s three different abort 57 modes (methods).” Simple Answer On the other hand,, there have been suggestions that human pilots pre-empt automatic guidance systems and actually — fly the entire rocket and space capsule into orbit. The idea was mixed, at least for Gemini. Again, there was a simple engineering answer, said Borman, “In the Gemini, it was *

considered simpler and more reliable to mechanize auto-pilot guidance for the restrictive ‘down the groove’ type guidance problem encountered.” The young astronaut'cited the Apollo manned lunar landing mission as an example of a ...still more complex relationship between man and machine, especially in the area of “aborting” the flight in case something goes wrong. “In examining the Apollo ’ abort problems,” Borman said,

“we found that there were certain malfunctions which required superhuman reaction times to permit safe abort. The reaction times actually vary with the time of flight.” The answer in this case was to leave the decision to the pilot’s own judgment — whether to trust his on reactions to the tricky task, or to turn them over to an automatic system. Equipment is being built into the Apollo space capsule for both contingencies.

To Prove Value Borman, for one, has no objection to leaving the blast-off and reentry jobs in the ,a hands of computers, guidance systems and other machines. The pilots will have plenty of time to prove their own unique value and importance along the rest of the space trip. “Too often,” he said, “undue emphasis is placed on the pilot’s role during boost and reentry. These phases of flight are transition phases for a true

WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 30, 1963

spacecraft. “We could hardly justify placing a crew' aboard if thensole mission was to accomplish the transition phase successfully.” . What this means, in general, is that astronauts are working toward more and more control over flights into space — but that it probably will be a long time yet before they match their aircraft brethren in flying their ships every minute, from take-off to landing.