Decatur Daily Democrat, Volume 61, Number 231, Decatur, Adams County, 1 October 1963 — Page 6

PAGE SIX

Adams County Farmers’ Corner

County Agent’s Corner

By: Leo Seltenright County Extension Agent Agriculture SOIL JUDGING: Two Adams county soil judging teams will compete in the district contest in Steuben county Saturday. The top placing teams (high 25%) will go on to the state contest October 19. The contest has a great deal of value in teaching basic characteristics of soils and their treatment. TWIN CALVES NEEDED: Purdue University's animal sciences department is again searching for identical ’ twin calves to be used in nutritional feeding studies. Hoosier Cattlemen with identical twins of at least half beef breeding may find a market for them at the university. The calves should be less than a year old and weigh no more than 500 pounds. “Identical’ refers to calves of the same sex, body size, shape and color patterns. Their general behavior should be the same. They need not be purebred and may be of either sex. Purchases of these calves are restricted to Indiana, points out W. H. Smith of Purdue's animal sciences department. Interested

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Indiana cattlemen should notify Smith, whose office is in the life sciences building at Purdue and whose telephone number is 92-4839. FARM ACCOUNT COOPERATORS RECORDS: Average 1962 net farm income of 264 central Indiana farmers who kept records with Purdue University’s agricultural economics department amounted to $15,861, compared to $12,891 in 1961. This resulted largely from about $1,006 increase in net cash income and about $2,000 increase in inventory values. F. V. Smith, agricultural economist in charge of the record keeping project, reports the big-' gest single item of increase in their inventories was feed and grain, reflecting larger yields. Average corn yield per acre was 106 bushels, 'compared to 90 in 1960 and 1961. The 264 farms are larger than average — their average acreage last year totaling 350 acres, 15 more than a year before. Capital investment average increased to $138,123 compared to $130,627 in 1961. Average cash recepits amounted to $44,877, up about $4,300 from 1961. Cash expenses totaled $32,-

774, compared to $29,321. Biggest item in cash receipts was sale of hogs, $17.537: largest expanse items Were machinery and equipment, $6,942 and purchased feed. $6,920. Rate of return or investment rose from 5.8 per cent in 1961 to 7.4 per cent in 1962.i Rate earned represents net farm income, less operator wage -and management charges and management charge for the landlord, divided by the total capital invested. Average labor income on these farms rose from $6,360 to SB,955. Earnings increased as the size of the farms grew larger, Smith said: Farm labor incomes on the medium farms (200-300 tillable acres) averaged $4,173 more than the average for farms with fewer than 200 tillable acres. Labor incomes from the large farms (more than 300 tillable acres) averaged $5,410 more than for the medium-sized farms. Although these income difference were significant, there was more difference in average earnings between the more-profitable and less-profitable income groups within each size "category than there was between the three size-of-farm groups. This difference amounted to $5,010, $10,214 and $17,289 for the small,medium and large farms, respectively. Most of this range in income difference can be accounted for in the difference in management

THE DECATUR DAILY DEMOCRAT, DECATUR, INDIANA

practices, including choice of farm enterprises, obtaining high crop yields, handling livestock efficiently, maintaining an adequate volume of business and the ability to keep operating costs in line with the value of the products produced. Detailed averages for the central Indiana cooperators’ records for 1962 are available in these three Indiana farm business summaries: EC 244, central area small farms: EC 245, central area medium farms: EC 246, central area large farms. These summaries are available to Indiana residents without charge from the Agricultural Economics Department, AES Annex. Purdue University, Lafayette, Ind . 47907. DOES HEATED AIR DRYING DAMAGE CORN?: Doe§ heated air drying damage corn? It can if you overdo it. answers Bruce McKenzie, Purdue University extension agricultural engineer. What is “overdoing it”? Best research, results available now, says McKenzie, suggest that kernal temperatures are keys to heat damage. Corn for the wet milling trade (starch, gluten, corn oils) should not be dried at kernal temperature above 140 F. No significiant change in. feed value of corn for livestock feed occurs up to 180 F. kernel temperature. McKenzie points out that in-

put air temperature may be considerably above these safe kernal temperatures. The kernal is cooled by evaporation as it dries, (like thte wet canvas water bag) and the drying process may be completed before kernal temperature approaches input air temperature. .* This holds true so long as drying is uniform with no serious overdrying. Heat damage is apparently related to both temperature and time, according to McKenzie. The longer the time at a given temperature, • the more likely that heat dam age will accure theremore more likely at high moisture contents, because of increased drying time required. McKenzie suggests that farmers producing corn for cash sale, particularly for a special market, would de well to discuss drying procedure with the buyer. Maintaining corn quality is the responsibility of both the farmer and the elevator operator. PLANTING FRUIT TREES: Os all the different kinds of fruit trees homeowners can plant, dwarfed apple trees are probably the best for home planting, says Purdue University extension horticulturists. Apples are hardier than most fruit trees. And dwarfed ones are smalller than standard size and thus easier to prune, spray and care for. They also bear fruit at a younger age. Dwarfed apple trees are obtained by grafting the desired variety onto a special rootstock. The horticulturists recommend East Mailing IX or Mailing Merton 106 rootstocks. They are designated EM, IX or MM 106 in catalogs and should be ordered as such. Plant trees in the late fall in mild weather, since new root development will occur only when the soil temperature is about 45 degrees F. Or you can have them delivered for early spring planting. Plant at least two varieties for cross pollination. A word of caution: Before you plant any fruit trees, even the easy to care for dwarfed apple, think about and be prepared to care for them properly. You’ll have to spray and prune them regularly. Commercial growers often spray 12 to 15 times each growing season. OUTDOOR RECREATION TO BE. FEATURED - AT FIELD DAY: The possibilities for outdoor recrecation in southern Indiana’s rolling hills will be amplv demonstrated October 10 and 12 when landowners and others assemble at Purdue’s forage farm near Jasper. The occasion will be the first, woodland - water - recreation field day being sponsored by the Purdue department of forestry and conservation according to Dr. John C. Callahan, chairman of the planning committee. Professor Reynold E. Carlson of Indiana University and Professors Arden Johnson, F. R. Willsev and H. W. Gilbert of Purdue University will discuss specialized phases of recreation developments. Included will be family campground development, the construction of a swimming beach for commercial operation, the management of fishing lakes and hunting areas, safety considerations including insurance , sanitation and the landscaping and design of recreational facilities. Equipment of many kinds will be demonstrate ed in an actual campground. Numerous other public and private groups are cooperating by providing experts and equipment. Visitors will have the unusual opportunity to witness an artist, Ed Blackwell of the visual aids department of Purdue, develop recreational areas on canvas in color. At the same time Professor Hugh Denney of the communitv development center at the University of Missouri will be present to discuss community action and organization to develop recreation facilities. October 12 has been set aside as a special youth day with organized youth groups invited. Os special interest to these groups will be the tours an exhibits on all phases of the conservation of woodland and water resources as well as an established nature trail and demonstrations of outdoor games and activities. Both the October 10 field day and the October 12 youth day programs are open to the public with no admission charge. A special treat during both events will be a lunch...of pancakes and real maple syrup served.by the Dubois Junior Chamber of Commerce. Exhibits will cover many subjects including wood utilization, maple syrup production, Christmas trees, tree farms, water treatment systems, outdoor recrea tional facilities, and several other phases of forest and water conservation. According to Ed Hall of Carthage, who is chairman of the state tree farm committee, there will be a tree farm dedication at noon October 10. Featured speaker for this event will be Lieutenant Governor Richard Ristine.

, i /( ' . VW 1 * Oiw ’‘.-■I. 1 OS' WtWj 1 • IWa I 4W " T H OLDSMOBILE’S STARFIRE has been dramatically changed for 1964 to accentuate its performance image. New design of the rear roof supporting structure further stresses the clear, crisp lines of the concave rear window. A functional air outlet from the engine compartment is featured in the lower body panel. A new and distinctive grille and rear end design sets the Starfire coupe (shown above) and the Starfire convertible apart from all other ’64 Oldsmobile models. Inboard driving lamps are sports car styled. The 1964 Starfires are powered by Oldsmobile’s ultra-high compression 345 h. p. Rocket engine, teamed with the famous Hydra-Matic transmission for outstanding performance.

Purple Pennings Patsy Lee Leaders County Extension Agent Home Economics This is the week of the big surprise trip for the home demonstration council members. Coming is the Christmas workshop on October 15. TUNA: A highly nutritious protein food, easy to prepare, economical, and universal in taste aopeal — that’s tuna fish. And of particular interest to the consumer, the price of canned tun is considerably lower now that it was at any time in recent years. Nutritionally speaking, tuna is of high value. It is rich in essential minerals for normal human growth — iodine, fluorine and phosphorus. It has substantial amounts of vitamins A., B. and D. , Tuna is either “lightmeat” or j “whitemeat” depending upon the' fish from which it comes. Only Albacore tuna can produce the “whitemeat” pack — it has the whitest flesh of the many species of tuna. The Yellowfin, which is the most abundant among all the kind of tuna, makes up most of the “lightmeat” variety. However, Skipjack, Bluefin, Big Eye, and Little may also be labeled “lightmeat.” Canned tuna is available in three different styles of pack. This iis not a quality difference. Style of pack refers only to the size of the pieces in the can. 1. Fancy or solid — the pieces are large, usually not over 3 to 4 in a can. Ideal for cold plates. 2. Chunk — mechanically sized into convenient pieces for salads, etc. 3. Flake or grated — mechanically sized, but into smaller pieces than chunk style. Can be used in casseroles. Canned fish keeps best in a cool place. Once the can has been opened, store in the refrigerator in a tightly , covered dish. . Tuna is flavorful when served alone. It can also be used to enhance the flavor of other foods such as macaromi products, rice and potatoes, egg dishes and almost any vegetable. The entire contents of a can of tuna is edible and one seven-ounce can can be used as an “extender” in cassroles, salads and sandwiches to provide adequate servings for 4 to 6 people. -The liquid should not be drained unless the server so prefers, since it is high in food value. Tuna — Lima Bake Servings: 3 to 4; Baking Time: 45 min. 1 can solid pack tuna, coarsely flaked (1 cup) 1 Pkg. thawed frozen limas 1 can condensed cream-of-celery soup, undiluted. 1 can water 3 slices packaged process American Cheddar cheese, cut into triangles 3 slices toast, cut into triangles. Heat oven. Combine tuna and next 3 ingredients. Turn into 10” x 6” x 2” baking dish. Place cheese triangles on top of toast triangles; arrange along center of casseroled NEW FLOUR: Have you tried the new instantized enriched flour? It was first introduced in June and the manufacturer hopes to have national distribution by late this month. So far, reports indicate, that this flour has not been refused by a single store where it was offered. The instantizd flour is free flowing, dustless and siftless. No recipe adjustment is necessary for using the flour. In checking it out — it appears to be what it claims —a significant break-through in flour milling. No more lumpy gravy and sauce! The Further information may be obtained by contacting your county extension agent soil conservation district officer of the department of forestry and conservation at Purdue University.

PETE A' - " Hi Neighbors! Grasses, like all green plants, live and grow on food manufactured in their green leaves. Plant food is manufactured in the leaves, and not, as people suppose, drawn from the root or the soil. The plant gets traw material to make food the soil and the air. Because plants food factory is above ground, grazing, mowing, or clipping promptly stops production to the extent that green foilage is removed. Anyone who cares for grass, whether he is a farmer or lawn keeper, needs to know somethis process. Water, entering the soil, forms a price? About two cents per pound more than regular flour. FALL TIME TREATS: “Pumpkin” Puffs cups (6 oz.) grated process American’ cheese % cup Parmesan cheese % cup butter, softened 1 cup sifted flour % tspn. salt. ■2 tspn, cream 4 weniers, cut into fifths 4 smokie links, cut into fifths Blend cheese and butter. Mix in dry ingredients and add cream. Mold cheese mixture around each piece of meat to form a thin coating. Place on greased baking sheet and chill if desired. Pre-heat oven to 400 degrees and bake about 15 min. Serve “pumpkin” with stems made of green pepper. Makes 40 appetizers. ( Touchdown Treat | 2 Pkgs, smokie links 2 pkg. (10 oz. size) frozen mixed vegetables 2 cans (10% oz. size) cream of chicken soup 14 oz. shell macaroni, cooked 3 cups (12 oz.) grated process American cheese 1 cup milk; % tspn. pepper Preheat over to 375 degrees. Cut links into bite size reserving some for garnish if desired. Run cold water over vegetables to separate them. Combine ingredients except whole links in a 9 x 14 inch baking pan. Top with whole links. Bake 1 hour, makes 12 servings. SOMEONE SAID: “It’s too bad we can’t forget our troubles as easily as we forget our blessings.”

PLANNING ON BUYING A FARM OR MAKING IMPROVEMENTS? GET THE FARM LOAN THAT OFFERS THESE ADVANTAGES LONG TERMS - LOW RATE NO PAYOFF RESTRICTIONS LOCAL PROMPT. SERVICE CREDIT LIFE INSURANCE SEE THOMAS E. WILLIAMS, MGR. FEDERAL LAND DANK ASS’N. 216 S. 2nd St. - DECATUR - Phone 3-3784

TUESDAY, OCTOBER 1, 1963

film around each soil particle and dissolves some of the minerals present. Tiny root hairs come in contact with these films of water I and absorb the mineral solution. A network of small roots carries this mineral solution to the main roots. The roots transport it to the stem; stems carry it to the leaves. / . The leaves take in carbon dioxide from the air through tiny pores. Using energy from the sun the leaves combine the carbon with oxygen and hydrogen to make surgars, starches and fiber. The surgar then combines with the mineral elements from the soil to make proteins, plants oils and fat. Unused oxygen and water vapor escape through the leaf pores. Minerals from the soil make up about 5% of the solid material in plant roots stems, seeds and leaves. Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen from the air and water make up most of the other 95%. The ability of grasses to recover quickly after grazing or mowing makes these plants very valuable for soil conservation. Research shows that many grasses will not reach their maximum vigor and growth when more than half of their leaf surface is removed by frequent grazing or mowing. A dense cover of grass protects the soil from the battering, splashing action of rain. The leaves break up the rain drops and allow more water to soak into the soil, thus preventing erosion, conserving moisture for plant growth, and restoring underground water supplies. Decaying grass roots, leaves, and stems supply organic matter to the soil. This helps maintain soil tilth and fertility making it more absorbtive to reduce erosion and flooding. Nixon Declares He Is Not Candidate NEW YORK (UPI) — Former face President Richard M. Nixon said Monday he would not be a candidate for the 1964 GOP presidential nomination—even if the Rockefeller - Goldwater factions deadlocked. “Let me make it clear,” Nixon said at a meeting here of the Women’s National Republican Club, “I’m not part of any stopRockefeller movement or stopGoldwater movement. I am not going to be a candidate in 1964.” The former vice president believes that both New York Gov. Nelson A. . Rockefeller and Sen. Barry Goldwater, R-Ariz., will announce their candidacies before the end of the year. “I think they are both so far along, so committed,” he said, “it would be hard to withdraw now.”