Decatur Daily Democrat, Volume 60, Number 197, Decatur, Adams County, 21 August 1962 — Page 2

PAGE TWO

Religion In School Building To Climax

(EDITORS: The folio wins dispatch, the first of two by Claire Cox dealing with the controver- ; ay over the separation of church and state, discusses Article I of » the BUI of Rights, upon which large new body of litigation .■ focuses.) By CLAIRE COX United Press International NEW YORK (UPI) — The con-

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troversy over religion in the public schools is building toward a climax in the United States courts. Winds of dissent nave blown sharply across the land since the Supreme Court ruled last June to outlaw an official prayer that had been recited daily in some New York public schools.

This was the most heatedly discussed case in recent years. But it was neither the first nor the last in a series of litigations that have been instituted since 1947 under a consitutional clause written more than 150 years ago. Still to be settled are a roster of cases involving such issues as the construction of creches on public school property during the Christmas season, the use of publicly owned buses to transport parochial school pupils, the reading of Bible passages in classrooms, released time for religious education and the provision of publicly purchased textbooks to parochial schools. Most of these pending cases involve religion in the schools, but also still at issue is a bitter controversy over “Sunday blue laws," namely, whether businesses may operate on Sundays. Could Fire Controversy Any one of these issues could touch off a controversy such as that ignited by the prayer decision. But church leaders generally feel that the “hottest” subject still left to go through the courts is whether it is legal to read the Bible in public schools. All of the matters have been under litigation under a constitutional clause in force since 1791. At the heart of the matter is a phrase in Article I of the Bill of Rights, the first ten amendments to the Constitution. It says, “Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion or prohibiting the free exercise thereof.” The rest of the article deals with freedom of speech and press, the right to assembly and the right to petition the government for a redress of grievances. The second half of the opening clause, the part guaranteeing the free exercise of religion, was settled by the courts in the 1940’5, largely as a result of a series of cases brought by the Jehovah’s Witnesses to establish their right to proselytize door to door, to hand out literature on street corners and to refuse to salute the U.S. flag. Books Being Rewritten The first half, known as “The Establishment Clause,” only now is being dealt with, in a series of court cases that are building an entirely new body of jurisprudence. So many cases have been I instituted in recent years that law books are being written or rewritten to deal with the question of church and state, and law schools are offering courses in the law and religion. Some students of the subject expect that some day there will be lawyers specializing in religious cases, just as there are labor lawyers. « The “establishment clause” was defined by the Supreme Court in 1947 in a New Jersey school bus case in which the court ruled, 5 to 4, that it was not a violation of the seapartion of church and state for the state to reimburse parents who had paid for public transit bus rides for parochial school pupils. One of the justices who voted with the majority was William O. Douglas, who said in the June prayer ruling that he had made a mistake in 1947 that in retrospect public payment for transportation for parochial school students should not be allowed. Follow Black Definition He and the other justices who voted with him reached their latest decision under the definition of the establishment clause writ- . , ....

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THE DECATUR DAILY DEMOCRAT, DECATUR, INDIANA

' ten in 1947 by Justice Hugo . Black. It provided: .. • ‘establishment of religion* i clause of the First Amendment > means at least this: Neither a ■ state nor the federal government . can set up a church. Neither can • pass laws which aid one religion, i aid all religions, or prefer one i religion over another. Neither can ■ force nor influence a person to . go to or rd main away from t church against his will or force . him to profess a belief or disbe- . lief in any religion. No person i can be punished for entertaining [ or professing religious beliefs or > disbeliefs, for church attendance • or nonattendance. No tax in any i amount, large or small, can be • levied to support any religious ■ activities or institutions, whatev- • er they may be called, or what- ■ ever form they may adopt tc teach or practice religion. Neither a state nor the federal government can, openly or secretly, 1 participate in the affairs of any ’ religious organizations or groups, and vice versa. In the words ol ■ Jefferson, the clause against es- ■ tablishment of religion by law 1 was intended to erect a ‘wall ol ' separation between church and state.” This ruling has been quoted ' widely in court cases from Vermont to Oregon, some of which the Supreme Court has declined 1 to consider and some of which ' are pending. Roy Conrad Is Candidate For Senate Leader INDIANAPOLIS (UPI) — Roy Conrad, Monticello Republican, today announced his candidacy for president pro tern of the 1963 session of the Indiana Senate. A check of GOP state organization leaders disclosed that Conrad, one of the ablest and most colorful Hoosier legislators, has formidable organization support. If elected by the Republican j senators, Conrad would succeed Sen. C. Wendell Martin, Indianapolis, president pro tem in the 1959 session and GOP minority floor leader in 1961, who last week announced he would not try to retain that post. “I feel the issues to come before the 1963 Legislature are of such a nature that I can best serve my constituents without the ; responsibilities of party leader i ship,” Martin said. Conrad has represented Carroll, Clinton and White Counties in the upper house since he was first elected in 1940. He and Sen. Lucius Somers, Hoagland Republican, are the oldest senators in point of service. Owns Restaurant A cattle farm and a famous restaurant, The Sportsman’s Restaurant, just outside the city ; limits of Monticello, have been operated by Conrad for many : years. Scores of GOP gatherings . have been staged in the restaurant. His wife, Beth, court reporter for the White Circuit Court, i has been his girl Friday in poli- . tics and in the restaurant operai ton. They have a daughter . Becky, who helps run the farm. jag,. .. '■

■■MB R ~ | A|> -' - J 2.3 - - L l .. I g < ill . K" T' >YR~ •*yaa 7 *< ; R ■■• 'B ■ B- \ Bit® *wM \sb ' -■>■ - :../ ■ / 1 W V 1W \ I \ / ~ J w / I k R \ ■” j i ■ B 1 i i ' 1 M^K k ' / / u L R V ?KaA \ - ' ■ ABmMR I B Rb ar fl R V I » ~Cw ’ / jIBRmBF 'BR MB L_____ RR wpawMßi BR Alr If J ■ kiWm \ wj ;< !i ■ 8 || sr ;^r ; | " v ?':W< K^5 F ;Stt WX' X 4 '|MX r f > ■ / ’’ " |>f4m| / " V "" ? / SHOWN ABOVE at the recent installation of local American Legion officers are: seated, Charles Morgan and William Schnepf. t in" left to r£ht, are T. D. Schiefer stein, Ambrose Spangler, WendeU Macklin, BYank Detter, mander; Bernard Haines, fourth district commander; Dr. R. K. Parrish, newly installed commander, Ed Kirchner, Martin seining. Nelson Doty, and Virgil Bowers.

Conrad ran for president pro tern of the 1955 session but was defeated by John Van Ness, Valparaiso. The defeat came after Conrad served as p ersonal floor leader for Gov. George N. Craig in the ■ anti-Craig upper c hamber. Conrad’s independence sometimes has put him at odds with GOP oriels. “I don’t try to play a rebel role,” he has explained. ‘‘lt just happens that in the pattern of events, I sometimes am cast in that category.” Conrad later broke with Craig, partly because of conflict with two of his lieutenants, William Sayer, Craig’s administratve assistant, and Elmer W. Sherwood, his political mentor, now serving State Prison terms for highway construction corruption. « Reporters’ Favorite Conrad is perhaps the favorite lawmaker of newspaper, radio and television reporters because he is an excellent news source and has the courage to stand behind what he says. ! He once embarrassed his close associate, Rep. Charles A. Halleck, GOP floor leader in the national House, by telling the writer ■ that Halleck wanted him to help ' repeal the “right to work” law, a pet statute of the Hoosier Republicans in 1959. Barred From Sharing In Husband's Estate 1 INDIANAPOLIS (UPD—A document which a woman signed at her fiance’s request during the ■ pre - wedding excitement has barred her from sharing in his $170,000 estate. The Indiana Appellate Court ’ Monday - upheld a Rush Circuit Court ruling against Mrs. Elizabeth Ralston Johnston in her attempt to break the will of her husband, former Fayette Circuit Judge G. Edwin Johnston, who died in 1953. Mrs. Johnston said she signed the agreement on the day of her marriage at Tarentum, Pa., in 1940. She said a sister of Johnston handed her “a marriage paper” and told her “Edwin said to sign this.” She said she had no oppor-' tunity to examine it closely, but bad trusted Johnston, who had been her attorney in the settlement of an estate from a previous husband. At the time of the wedding, Mrs. Johnston was a 57-year-old widow from Milroy and owned

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New Beauty Salon Opened In Decatur Now open for business is the Mi-La-de beauty salon, located at 1216 Jackson street, featuring the only two men beauty operators in Decatur. Operators ot the new salon are Earl Johnson, Henry Green and Miss Peggy, all graduates of the Warner Beauty college in Fort Wayne. Hours of the salon, located on Jackson street between 12th and 13th streets, are 9 a.m. to 9 p.m. daily, and 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. on Saturdays. Appointments may be made by telephone, 3-4478, or by stopping in at the beauty salon. Warner Grads Both Miss Peggy and Green were employed for about two years at Warners before opening the salon in Decatur. Johnson is a recent graduate of the Fort Wayne beauty college. Johnson is a graduate of Adams Central high school and resides at 839 Tenth street in Decatur. He finished a 1,000 hour course at Warners in May. Green specializes in haircutting and hair coloring, while Miss Peggy is a specialist in facials and permanent waves, although all three operators handle all as- ' pects of the business. Ample parking space is another feature of the new beauty salon, the Mi-La-de salon. property valued at between SII,OOO and $35,000. The prenuptial agreement provided that neither she nor Johnston would have any claim on the other’s property. ~ .. . However, she filed suit after his death in an effort to break her husband’s will which left much of the estate to other relatives, including a brother, sister, two nieces and two nephews. In his opinion, Appellate Court Judge G. Remy Bierly said “The desire of a man 61 years of age and a woman of 57 to dispose of their separate properties as they see fit seems a very natural and ordinary thing and does not neces- ' sarily lead to the conclusion that ; their agreement is the fruit of a fraudulent plot by one or the other.” ; Bierly wrote that the court found nq evidence that Mrs. John- , ston was “under any coercion or I pressure of any kind” when she II signed the agreement.

Ambassador's Post In France Expensive

By JOSEPH W. GRIGG United Press International PARIS — The “log cabin to White House” tradition may apply in Washington. But it became clear again to Europeans this week that it does not always work when it comes to representing the United States abroad. Gen. James M. Gavin flew home with his family after less than a year and a half in the critical job of United States ambassador to France. Gavin re iterated to reporters that his main reason for giving up this front man job for the, United States was “urgent personal considerations.” Chief of these was that he simply could not afford it - , The same problem will face his , successor Charles E. Bohlen, a career U.S. Foreign Service. officer with a highly distinguished record — including ambassadorships in Moscow and Manila—-but no sizeable personal fortune. Unlike Gavin, Bohlen does not have a family of young children to put through school. But he will feel the strain nonetheless. The U.S. ambassador to France receives the highest Foreign Service salary of $27,500 —all of it taxable. He also receives an annual expense allowance of something more than $25,000. But it is not difficult to see why he has trouble simply making ends meet. I It is not a question of the ambassador living high off the hog.

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It is not only the official dinners and July 4 open house receptions. Every senator, every congressman, every American big busitown expects to visit the ambassador and to be invited to a meal at his residence. Even ambassadors like Gavin who cut out the Fourth of July open house and invited only a ruth lessly pruned list of guests find the cost prohibitive. When Gavin was appointed, President John F. Kennedy instructed the State Department to pay expenses over and above his blanket expense allowance. But that meant that Gavin had to turn in an expense account for just about every taxi he took. And there were many items he could not charge up ai all—such as the wardrobe needed by his wife for official entertaining. It has been estimated, without contradiction, that Gavn’s predecessor Amory Houghton, a millionaire industrialist, spent $50,000 annually out of his own pocket over and above his salary and official allowances as U.S. ambassador to France. Gavin could not afford that, nor will Bohlen be able to. Since Gavin’s resignation was announced Europeans have been asking just how long the high cost of representing the United States abroad means that the best man for the job will not necessarily be able to afford it.