Decatur Daily Democrat, Volume 60, Number 157, Decatur, Adams County, 5 July 1962 — Page 10

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DECATUR DAILY DEMOCRAT Sc. jJii « Helta VI" FresM"l Next •trouble Spot? I’ve talked with a number of people who wonder why they don’t “know in advance” where trouble spots are likely to occur in world politics. Os course, if they paid attention closely, they would know, but few take the trouble to read about these little, out-of-the-way kingdoms where trouble may be brewing. Thia past week, Sunday to be exact, a new repubublic, Ruanda, was born. It may be one of the next trouble spots. Why? In 1884, the German iron chancellor, Prince Bismartk, decided to launch Germany on an agressive program of colonisation outside of Europe. One of the areas was Eastern Africa. The kingdom of Ruanda then existed, near the place where Stanley met Livingstone. In this kingdom, the giant Watusi tribe, averaging well over siu foot ia height, very dark, but thin-lipped, with slightly curled hair, were lords and masters of z the more numerous but smaller Bantu tribe, the Banutu. The Germans sent in colonists, and held this area until the first world war. Then Belgian troops from the neighboring Congo conquered it. Since that time it has been incorporated as a part of the Belgian Congo, although it was held first as a mandate from the League of Nations, and since World War 11, by trust from the United Nations. During this time, up until 1959, the Belgians opposed any form of local except the Watusi kingship. The Watusi, comprising less than 14% of ta» total pepuhtion, hold the others in almost total serfdom. Slowly, however, some of the Bantus became educated enough to realise that they were being “taken.” They began, in 1959, agitating for a legislative body; in 1961 they drove out their Watusi King, Kigeri V; they voted later that year to become a Republic. _ j But in a country where only 1% ever get to high school, and less than 100 a year to college, although there are more than 2 million people living in the small country, the size of Maryland, little can be expected from the masses. Jn fact, nearly 300 people were killed in election violence. Only 50 white people are left in the country since independence day. Certainly this seedbed of ignoranc is likely to become a Communist hotspot. • Neighboring Urundi, where the people voted to keep theix atea is now free, the two being the 30th and 31st African nations to receive their freedom. €Nd countries — m existence long before they were “discovered” by the whites — but hardly prepared for this technical atomic-jet age. Neither country has any railroads, and just one good airport, located on huge Lake Tanganyika, which is itself used for barge transportation, provide the only transportation systems for this land-locked pair Os countries 5(0 miles west of the Indian ocean. Editorial Writer Today Dick D. Heller, Jn

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Parents Confused And Children Jaded

By DELOS SMITH UPI Science Editor NEW YORK (UPI)—In summing up psychiatry’s experiences with “misbehaving children and distraught parents,” a noted psychiatric scientist traced most of the trouble to children being given the upper hand by parents who have no confidence in themselves as parents. Prof. Franklin G. Ebaugh of the University of Colorado, Denver, said our world has become “child-centered” rather than par-ent-centered and that is bad both for children an* parents. Parents are confused and “children get jaded and tired instead of growing up.” But “the really disturbing fact is that the harder children seek meanings, reasons, anchors, and goals the faster parents tuck them, out of sight—all in the worship of two .Hi-defined concepts called '‘security’ and. ‘understanding.’ ” Psychiatric science can offer “a set of ‘rules for ehHd-rearlng’ to enter in the competition with fads and fables,” he continued. “They have one advantage over most. They lay no claim to fame. They are as old as time. They cannot be ‘cook-booked’ for they represent away of life.” Dr. Ebaugh then laid down these five rules: "1. The parent must be a person himself, with ideas, goals, moods, desires, and aversions all his own.. He must live within the context of what he is, and consider this so important that he cannot live vicariously through his children. “2. The parent establishes authority. There isn’t room in this vale of tears for any more uncertainly than necessary Children are not bom knowing how to compromise with rules and to consider the welfare of other people. Social adjustment is taught and whether we wish to admit it or not it is taught almost exclusively by parents. “3. According to age, children demand varying degrees of privacy in their inner lives and activities. If the lim i ts of authority are firmly set, nor parent should need to intrude unduly upon his child’s privacy. The problems children solve within themselves build individuality. “4. The parent should remember that seeing a child’s point of view doesn’t require agreeing with it, even if the child pillories him as a vile traitor. For his young child, the parent is the mentor of reality, and responsible for teaching him to live with things as they are. “5. Within the limits of prac-

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ticability and the requirements of education and home training, let the child develop his own interests and use his own time. A fabulous modem round of dancing lessons, sports lessons, camps, parties and other planned recreational activities leave most children limp with bewilderment and frustration.” Dr. Ebaugh set forth the psychiatric rules for child-rearing in the technical journal of the American Psychiatric Association of which he is one of the editors.

Single Switchboard Handles State Calls

By HORTENSE MYERS United Press International * INDIANAPOLIS (UPI) — The seven women who operate the single telephone switchboard serving all state agencies in the Hoosier capital ard unacknowledged experts in governmental affairs. Chief Operator Beulah Vaughn explained that the switchboard, called Centrex, was the first of its kind in the world when it was installed in 1960, and has been in operation since • the State Office Building was opened. One number—Melrose 3,4000 — will reach every state official or agency, from the Board of Accounts to the Watch Repairing Examiners Board, Although calers are encouraged to learn the individual numbers of the departments so they may dial directly, many do not. “We handle 3,000 calls a day,” Mrs. Vaughn said. “Some of these are transfers from calls that were dialed direct. For example, Governor ’ Welsh’s office gets many calls which are transferred to other departments.” Replaced 28 Boards The single switchboard replaced 28 separate switchboards which had served the individual departments and agencies. This means that the seven operators are expected to know as much about the various phases of state government as did the 28 women who were located in the departments themselves. “People ask us questions like where to go to get a .refund on taxes, how to find out if they have gold in their backyard, and where to register a trade mark for -liqujd fertilizer.” Mrs. Vaughn said. “One caller wanted the controversial department.” Admittedly, several departments

G.O.P. Interested In Michigan Race By EUGENE J. CADOU * United Frew International INDIANAPOLIS (UPI) - Hoosier Republican leaders will take an unprecedented interest in the Michigan gubernatorial race result this fall. George Romney, former president of American Motors, is the reason. If Romney captures the Michigan S tatehouse, he will be the glamour possibility for the 1964 Republican presidential nomination, and as a Midwest neighbor, will be entitled to serious consideration for supporUby the Hoosier Republicans. < Former Vice-President Richard M. Nixon, now running scared for governor of California, and Arizona Sen. Barry Goldwater have said they are not interested in the 1964 nomination. But New York Gov. Nelson Rockefeller is sure to be a candidate if he is reelected governor this fall, many observers believe. In the event of a combat between Romney and Rockefeller, the Hoosiers are likely to prefer the Michigander. Fellow Conservative? Indiana’s leadership is conservative and regards Rockefeller as being too far to the left. Romney’s expressed political beliefs are a bit nebulous to date. Nevertheless, if Romney triumphs over the labor-supported Democratic machine in Michigan, the Hoosier politicos may hail him as a fellow conservative. The Indiana politicos saw Romney in action for the first time on April 28 when he spoke and held a news conference at a meeting of the United Press International Indiana Newspaper Editors and spoke at DePauw University. It was apparent that he had not yet developed finished oratorical poise, but his appearance was likened unto a fresh breeze sweeping through a rather stale political atmosphere.

might qualify as “controversial" but by polite questioning, the operator was able to connect the caller with what he wanted—the contributions section of the Employment Security Division. Mrs. Vaughn was telephone operator for the state library before the switchboard merger. Miss Catherine Griffin, her assistant, and Mrs. Eva' Michael both came from Employment Security; Mrs. Thelma Godme from the Department of Revenue, Mrs. Kathleen Norris from Public Works and Supply, Mrs. Catherine Fulford, State Highway Department, and Miss Anna Mae Byrd, Bureau of Motor Vehicles. Each Has Specialty Each helps the other when calls come about her “specialty.” In addition, each operator has a file before her containing an extensive amount of data about state government. They also must know . about city, township, county and federal government since many callers actually want one of these Included in the exhibit is a “telephone of tomorrow” —a mock ernment. The switchboard is located just inside the northwest entrance to the State Office Building and Mrs. Vaughn has just completed a winwhich contains nearly all types of dow exhibit, facing the corridor, telephones which have been used since Alexander Graham Bell invented the instrument. other units rather than state govset of an instrument operated by push buttons. But regardless of the instrument, the women who handle the switchboard figure they should be prepared, for anything from a call by President Kennedy to Welsh, to an emergency appeal for an incubator.

Amwumr Aiiacliaiic Answer uiicjiiuni By Chid On Stock By DICK WEST United Press International WASHINGTON (UPI) — One of the ordeals that an parents must go through comes when their children begin asking questions about the stock market. Many parents are embarrassed by the experience and are reluctant to bo drawn into such a discussion. ' v Fathers will try to change the subject and mothers will pretend that something is burning in the oven. , Child psychologists tell us, however, that it is wrong to be evasive. The books say it is perfectly natural for children to become curious about stocks when they reach a certain age. It is a normal outgrowth of their earlier experience with piggy batiks, and if handled properly they will grow up with a wholesome attitude toward the market. Should Be Answered When such questions arise, parents should answer them in a frank, straightforward manner. Otherwise, the child will hear about it from his or her playmates and may be exposed to misinformation that will prove harmful in later life. Knowing the right way to approach the problem does not make the task any easier, however, as I found out last week. My daughter happened to notice the newspaper headlines about the wild market fluctuations. It was her first awareness, or awakening of interest, in stocks and she cornered me for clarification. With the simple directness that makes children such a joy, she went right to the heart of the matter. , “Where do dividends come from, big daddy?”* she asked. Too Shocked To Reply At first I was too shocked to reply. But I realize that if I chickened out, she would never again feel free to talk things over with me. To help put us both at ease, I went out and hired a midget to sit oh my lap while I explained it to liei. “As you grow older,” I said, “You will begin to feel an urge to invest. This is a normal feeling and is nothing to be ashamed of. It is merely mother nature’s way of telling us that we are ready to produce .capital gains. “It is important, however, that you control the urge until the right broker comes along.”

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Court Ruling Spurs Shared Time Idea

By LOUIS CAMELS United Preag Intenutteaal By ruling prayer out of public schools, the Supreme Court recently spurred Protestants to take a fresh interest in the “shared time” approach to education. The “shared time" idea was put forward by Tfr. Harry L. Stearns, superintendent of public schools at Englewood, N. J. He proposed that children be allowed to take some courses in public schools and others in the church-related, schools. The plan has been widely discussed during the pest year by religious leaders. Until now, however, primary emphasis has been placed on what “shared time” would mean to Catholics. It has been pointed out that parochial school students could attend public schools for instruction in such "neutral” subjects as math, foreign languages, home economics, shop and physical education. This would relieve the financial pressure on parochial schools, and give tax-apying Catholic parents the satisfaction of getting some use out of the public schools they help to support. Interests Some Some Protestant leaders have found “shared time” attractive as a way of heading off Catholic demands for direct public aid to parochial schools, which they regard as unconstitutional. But there has been relatively little discussion of the opportunities which “shared time” would open sos Protestant parents who want their children to receive an adequate religious education. Dr. Stearns had hoped, when he first advanced his idea, that many Protestants would we 1come the chance to put their children into religious schools far several hours each day, without going all the way into a system of Protestant parochialschools. If Protestants . haven’t shown much interest in this possibility in the past, one . reason is that pnany of them have been clinging to the belief that children cduld be given at least a measure of religious . orientation in public schools. Belief Dies ‘"The , Supreme Court Wasted that belief for good when it ruled, 6-1 that it is unconstitutional for any state to prescribe religious exercices in its public

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schools. The elimination of these widely prevalent "opening exercises" may not be any great loss to religious education. It is hard to .believe that a child leans much about God from the rote recital of a required prayer or from hearing a fellow student mumble through the reading of a few verses from a psalm. But prayer and Bible reading in public schools have had a tremendous symbolic value for many Protestant parents. They have made it possible for parents to persuade themselves that the modest amount of religious training which their children received at home and at Sunday School was somehow being “reinforced” by the public school program. Must Face Beality The Supreme Court ruling means that Protestant parents must now face up to reality. And the reality is that the average Protestant child is not receiving much religious education. Even if he attends Sunday School faithfully he gets only about 25 hours of solid instruction a year. Some Protestants have reacted to the ruling by denouncing the Supreme Court and talking about a Constitutional amendment to permit the public school religious exercises which parents have found so comforting. Others, however, are already looking beyond this kind of emotional response to see what constructive steps the Protestant churches can taka to provide children with the kind of religiously oriented educations! experience which is now quite obviously ruled out of the public _ Two Solutions One solution is to start building a lot of full-time Protestant parochial schools. There was a strong trend in this direction even before the court’s ruling and it will doubtless be accelerated now. Another solution is “shared time.” Since most Protestant churches already have extensive classroom, facilities which are idle six days 1 week, they would need only to hire a staff of professional teachers. A curriculum might include English, history and other courses with a high “value” content, as well as explicitly religious courses, such as Bible study.