Decatur Daily Democrat, Volume 59, Number 298, Decatur, Adams County, 20 December 1961 — Page 11

WUDNWDAY, DECEMBER It, Utt

Sharp Divergence On Civil Defense

By LOUIS CASSELS Untie* F*cmt International WASHINGTON (UPD—Is civil defensor an investment in “national survival insurance” — or is it “a billton dollar booBdoggle?” Will It help to deter a nuclear war — or make one more likely? Would fallout shelters save millions ot lives in an attack — or would they be useless “firetraps?” Whatever views you hold on these questions, there are authorities who agree with you. Few issues have produced a sharper divergence of opinion among scientists, politicians, moralists and military strategists than has emerged in the current national debate over civil defense. In Congress, attitudes toward civil defense range from the assertion of the House Government Operations Committee that it is an urgently needed “national insurance policy” to the proclaimed conviction of Sen. Stephen M. Young,. D-Ohio, that it is “a billion dollar boondoggle.. .a tragic deception of the people.. .the crudest myth in American history.” The United States has had a hominal civil defense program for more than 10 years, but neither Congress, the White House nor the public took it very seriously until the Berlin crisis arose this year. Conducts Nationwide Survey Suddenly, in mid-summer, civil defense became a prime topic of — official concern and private con- “ ver sat ion. President Kennedy asked, and Congress quickly voted, more than S2OO million to pump life into the civil defense effort which had hitherto existed mainly on paper. The government undertook a nationwide survey to mark fallout shelter spaces for 50 million persons. Citizens were urged to prepare private shelters for their families in basements and backyards. On Dec. 14, the administration disclosed that it will submit to Congress next month a new S7OO million civil defense program that includes federal subsidies for construction of community fallout shelters in schools and hospitals across the nation. The civil defense debate has centered mainly around two highly complex questions. The first is how much protec- • tion would be provided by fallout shelters. Wide Mange es Estimates* Proponents es eiv# defense £ have offered a wide range of estimates. “I firmly believe that 90 per cent of our population could be saved,” says Dr. Edward H. Teller, one of the creators of the H-bomb. Steuart L. Pittman, assistant secretary of defense for civil defense, avoids specific figures but asserts that fallout shelters could save “many millions of lives.” These forecasts are based on the assumption — held by many U.S. defense strategists — that an enemy’s first concern would be to cripple America’s retaliatory power, and that a nuclear attack would therefore be aimed primarily at military bases rather than big cities. In that event, the main

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danger to a large proportion of the U.S. population would come from far-ranging radioactive fallout, rather than from the blast and fire effects which—it is conceded — would destroy virtualy everyone and everything within the immediate target areas of the attack. • Warn Os Firestorms Critics of civil defense believe it is altogether possible, if not probable, that an enemy would aim at least part of his initial attack directly at population centers with the deliberate purpose of killing as many people as possible. In such an attack pattern, they say, the greatest menace to life would come from vast “firestorms” which would be ignited by high-altitude explosions of mul-ti-megaton bombs. Gerard Piel, publisher ott Scientific American, voiced the fears of many in the scientific community when he said in a San Francisco speech last month that firestorms resulting from a nuclear attack would “incinerate” whole metropolitan areas, and turn fallout shelters into useless “firetraps.” Those who hold this view found ironic corroboration for it in news dispatches a few weeks ago. The stories told how sparks showering from a California forest fire had destroyed the much-publicized backyard fallout shelter of scientist Willard M. Libby, a leading advocate of civil defense. .. The second fundamental question is what effect a major U.S. civil defense program will have on the international situation, and specifically on the conduct of the Soviet Union. Deterrent To War The pro-civil defense people say it will serve as a deterrent to war and also as a deterrent to “nuclear blackmail.’ The less damage an attack can do to America, they say, the’ less likely Russia is to launch one. They also contend that Russia will take Americas nuclear strength seriously — and thus avoid pushing this country to the brink at war — if it sees that Americans are preparing realistically for the possibility of a conflict involving the use of nuclear weapons. The anti-civil defense people turn this argument around. The spectacle of the United States JBfiltoring for the worst,, they say, might well provoke an attack by convincing the suspicious men of the Kremlin that war is inevitable and that Russia might as well get in the first blow. They also argue that a civil defense program may give the American people and their leaders an illusion of security that would cause them to take greater risks of nuclear war than they might take if they knew that such a conflict would result in virtual annihilation of both sides. Politicos Are NowNicelo Santa Claus " By EUGENE J. CADOU United Press International INDIANAPOLIS (UPD — Now comes the time when Hoosier politicians are mighty nice to Santa Claus. They may have been skeptical throughout the year, but they are hastening now to assure Saint Nick that they have been good boys, more or less. The politicians are quite secretive and their Christmas wishes have not been recorded reliably. However, some of the probably Yuletide desires are: _JSen. Homer E. Capehart—A new issue or so besides Cuba and Laos, now slightly tired, no Rockefeller presidential complications

and more friendliness from former Sen. William E. Jenner. Sen. Vance Hartke—Bigger and better Washington handouts for Indiana and a quietus on a 1984 senatorial boom for Governor Welsh. Governor Welsh— A Legislature that he can live with and more fluency in his radio and television programs. Rep. Charles A. Halleck—A Republican House of Representatives in, next year’s election so he can be elected speaker. Lt. Gov. Richard O. Ristine— Lighter official duties and a bigger expense account so he can travel over the state while running for the 1964 GOP gubernatorial nomination. Bayh’s Wishes Rep. Birch Bayh, Jr. — Strong support Statehouse machine for his senatorial bid. Indianapolis Mayor Charles Boswell—Ditto. Marion Mayor M. Jack Edwards —An elevator to get his senatorial candidacy off the ground. Appellate Judge John S. Gonas —Someone who takes his senatorial candidacy seriously. Jenner and State Treasurer Robert Hughes—Sen. Barry Goldwater’s presidential bid to prosper. Secretary of State Charles O. Hendricks—Progress in his candidacy for lieutenant governor. Rep. William G. Bray—Retention of his terrific vote from the coal miners. Republican State Chairman Thomas A. Gallmeyer — Money, money, money, to wipe out the party’s $300,000 deficit. Bontrager’s Hopes State Sen. D. Russell Bontrager, Elkhart—Closer fellowship with the political pros in the precincts so he can go after the 1964 GOP senatorial nomination. State Sen. Roy Conrad, Monticello—More Rockefeller presidential boosters in Indiana so he won’t be so lonesome in the campaign. , Alex Campbell, Fort Wayne, Democratic national committeeman—Bad luck to Sen. Hartke and faster appointments of federal judges in Indiana. Former State Rep. Philip H. Willkie—Better luck in New York than in Indiana politics. Political observers—Less bunk from the candidates and all the politicians in 1962. Most Frustrating New Items Listed - By DICK WEST United Press International WASHINGTON (UPD — The Hill’s weekly newspaper, contains a list of the top congressional news stories of 1961, as selected by a group of reporters. Either through oversight or deliberate neglect, Roll Call didn’t invite me to participate in the poll, although it must have known that I was itching to join the fun. After brooding about this for a couple of days, I decided to get up a list of my own, only with a slight change of pace. Rather than list the biggest stories of the year, I have undertaken to cite some of the most frustrating news items. By this I mean items that arouse a reader’s curiosity and then fail to satisfy it. Account of Speech For instance, I have before me an account of a speech given here by Prof. Amos E. Neyhart of Pennsylvania State University, a pioneer advocate of driver training programs in high schools. It says that Neyhart “urged that all driver education students be taught the easiest way to put on tire chains” so that they would not get stuck in the snow. .It also quoted him as saying that teen-agers could be taught how to attach a pair of chains in six minutes. This item intrigued me because I did not know before that there was an “easiest” way to put on tire chains. I had always been under the impression there was only a hardest way. So I avidly read the entire dispatch, only to discover that there was no mention of what the easiest way was. Another one of the most frustrating news stories I have read this year was an account of President Kennedy’s recent visit to New York, during which he slipped away from police to attend a party. Left Dangling This story was admirably thorough in detailing where the President went and how his police escort happened to lose him. But down near the end there was a paragraph that left me dangling in suspense. It said that some members of the crowd which gathered outside the place where the party was held were waiting there in the belief that a singer named Frankie Avalon was inside. But it failed to say anything about how the Frankie Avalon fans reacted when the President of the United States emerged instead.

THE DECATUR DAItT DEMOCRAT. DECATUR. INDIANA

European Market Dominates Talks

(EDITOR’S NOTE: Few dtoeusaions of American business can take place nowadays without touching on the European Common Market. U.S. relations with this great new economic unit dominated talks at the National Association of Manufacturers two weeks ago and also the AFL-CIO convention in Miami Beach last week. This week (Thursday and Friday) the subject will be prominent during President Kennedy’s meeting with British Prime Minister Harold Macmillan in Bermuda. The following outline on the Common Market was prepared by the Washington bureau of United Press International.) WASHINGTON (UPD — Here are the ABC’s of the Common Market: Q. What is it? A. It is an area in Western Europe which is being welded into one big “free trade” economic unit. The market, which is expected to expand still further, now covers six countries with an area of 449,000 square miles and a population of 170 million. Q. What countries are in the market now? A. France, Western Germany, Italy, Belgium, the Netherlands and Luxembourg. Britain is nogotiatingw join. Other Western European countries also are expected to enter the market. Q. How are the present six members becoming unified nomically? A. They are gradually eliminating all tariff barriers and other barriers to the movement of industrial materials and products inside the market. They are setting up a common external tariff wall against outsiders, including the United States. Q. How far have these six countries moved toward elimination of internal trade barriers on industrial items? A. Each of them has slashed tariff duties by about one-third. Further cuts are tentatively scheduled for Jan. 1. Q. What about the common external tariffs? A. Each of the six has moved about one-third of the way toward a common external tariff. This has required high-tariff countries of Italy and France to lower their tariffs and low-tariff countries like Belgium, the Netherlands and Luxembourg to raise their duties. For Germany this has meant • lowering of some duties and a raising of others. Q. What about farm products? A. The Common Market countries have not yet- reached final agreement on a common internal or external farm policy. Q. What economic effects have been seen inside the market? A. The Common Market is enjoying a wave of prosperity. Industrial productivity is rising. Investment capital is moving into the area. A good many American firms are setting up plants inside the market to take advantage of the big new market. Consumers are enjoying lower prices and inefficient producers are being squeezed out—two logical consequences of any reduction in tariff duties. Q. -What about the United States? A. So far the United States has benefited. U.S. exports to the booming Common Market rose last year to $3.8 billion. But the Kennedy administration is worried over prospective loss of industrial and farm markets. Unless the Common Market lowers its external barriers sharply, manufacturers outside the market will be at a big disadvantage in competing for sales inside the market. Q. Why did the United States favor creation of the Common Market, if it creates a problem for us? _ A. In the first place the United States figured this difficulty was a price worth paying to help establish a strong industrial bulwark against communism in Western Europe. In the second place, the Kennedy administration hopes to . solve the problem by persuading the Common Market to lower its tariffs against industrial items from the outside and to adopt a liberal policy on imports of farm products. Q. Does the President think he can talk the Common Market into that without any quid pro quo? - A. No. The United States will have to cut its own tariff duties to get trade concessions from the Common Market. U.S. and Common Market negotiators recently were reported nearing agreement I have been driving myself halfcrazy wondering how those celebrity hounds felt when they discovered they had been birddogging the wrong quarry. My guess is that they were thrilled to see the President, but didn’t dig his haircut.

on an initical reciprocal tariffcutting agreement which would lower most Common Market external tariffs by 20 per cent in exchange for lesser concessions from this country. Q. Will this solve the problem? A. By no means. Further liberalization of the Common Market’s import policies on industrial and farm products will be needed, if the United States to hold its share of the European market. That’s why Kennedy has decided to wage a fight in Congress next year for broad new authority to cut U.S. tariffs. He says he will need this as a tool to negotiate with the Common Market. Q. What effect would Britain’s entry into the Common Market have on the United States? A. Britain is one of our biggest foreign customers. We favor her joining the Common Market, although it will tend to sharpen the problem of discrimination facing American exporters. It also would raise some other problems. Q. Such as? A. Britain wants to continue in some form her preferential trade treatment of her Commonwealth nations. We vigorously oppose injection of preferences into the Common Market. Q. What about our wheat exports to Britain? A. U.S. and Canadian wheat now enter Britain duty-free. When Britain joins the Common Market, such shipmeats would undoubtedly be subject to a tariff duty. Wheatproducing Frenchmen are looking forward to supplying the Common Market with a bigger share of its grain. This is just one of the economic conflicts that are involved in the new Common Market. Public Is Not Well Informed By Government By LYLE C. WILSON United Press International WASHINGTON .(UPI) — The United States government probably spends almost enough on information services in these cold war days to pay the entire, cost of governmentln one of the Coolidge economy years. It is strange, therefore, that the U.S. public is not better informed. For example: Edward R. Murrow is just back

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from the North Atlantic Treaty Organization council meeting in Pari*. Ahead at him came word that Murrow was unhappy with U. 8. ladarnwtlnn activities at the council meeting. He is chief of the U.S. Information Agency. Murrow’s was the old, old story well known to veteran newsmen here. The several NATO delegations agreed among themselves that news of the council meeting would be limited. Each delegation was to reveal to reporters an agreed minimum about the vital public business transacted by the NATO council. So this occurred: The NATO British from time to time briefed the British newsmen. The NATO French from time to time briefed the French newsmen. And, so on. But the NATO Americans did not brief the American newsmen. Not As Informed American citizens were not as well informed as they should have been about council events nor were they as well informed as the subjects and citizens of other NATO nations. The American delegation was well supplied with information officers. Murrow, himself, was there. Perhaps the U.S. delegation led by Secretary of State Dean Rusk sftnply was double crossed on publicity by his opposite numbers. That could be how the propaganda goof occurred. But, another question is: Why? That is a good question because this particular double cross has been worked time after time on U.S. officials, including presidents. Prime Minister Winston Churchill flimflammed President Roosevelt with a similar double cross when they met at sea in August, 1941, to compose the Atlantic Charter. It had been agreed that neither would be accompanied by reporters. Churchill’s party included a couple of writers disguised as minor diplomats. For the Americans to be outsmarted in the field of international propaganda is routine. There must be a reason for that. May Lack Prestige Perhaps the reason is that our U.S. government public relations officers lack prestige with their bosses, lack any real authority. The word from Paris was that the chief military and diplomatic information officers attached to the U.S. council delegation were not permitted to attend some of the council sessions. Whether their opposite numbers were present is not clear. Present or not, the foreign information officers seem to have been briefd by their principals who evidently trustd them with delegate information. In trusting the information officers, these principals also trusted their home country people who ultimately would get the information. Trust is something that works both ways. If public officials have so little faith in the people, then the people may soon have even less faith in the public officials.

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Saves Christmas Cards 20 Years

By HORTENSE MYERS United Press International INDIANAPOLIS (UPI) — To most recipients, Christmas cards are passing fancies to be discarded, along with the other paper trappings of the holiday. But Mrs. Rose Gosney has saved all the Christmas cards received during the past 20 years. She has them catalogued in scrap books, and each Christmas she gets them out and re-examines them, as a collector might cherish a rare accumulation of coins or stamps. Her combination art studio and residence at suburban Ben Davis contains Christmas cards dating back to 1880, including not only her own collection but some belonging to her mother, Mrs. Kate Lynn. “I can’t bear to lose a friend,” Mrs. Gosney said, in trying to explain her attachment to the Christmas greetings of past years. “Mother and I have no relatives, except my son, who is a career military man. Sometime I get blue, but the-Christmas greetings remind me of all the wonderful people who sent them and I don’t feel lonely any more.” Artist at 12 Mrs. Gosney, a small middleaged woman with a tremendous enthusiasm for natural art, began her own career as an artist when she was 12 years old. “I was a pagen then at the old north-side branch of the Indianapolis public library,” she recalled. Some art work was needed, and she volunteered to do it. She attended John Herron Art Institute and was a pupil of the late William Forsyth, wide 1 yknown Hoosier artist who died in 1935. “I have never gone out to seek a vocation. My work has always come to me,” Mrs. Gosney said. “All my work at Herron was on scholarships. But I did pay for a course once at Purdue on engineering. I wanted to know about blueprints, which I consier an interesting phase of art.” After graduation from art school, Mrs. Gosney was asked by the Indianapolis Park Department to teach art at al city playgrounds. “That was from 1918 to 1922. I just went form-one playground to the other, sat up my easel, and soon I had a group of students around me,” she said. The park job was fun, but didn’t

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PAGE THREE-A

pay very well, she found, so the next door to open was one as a teacher at the Indiana School for the Deaf, followed by another as a commercial artist at an Indianapolis department store. •'Thea in 1931 I decided to open my own studio. I didn’t realize there was a depression, but people painted when they didn’t do anything else.” Many former art pupils are among the Christmas-card senders in Mrs. Gosney’s file. Some of them now are widely scattered, from Florida to Hawaii. She particularly treasures cards which her son, Sgt. Paul E. Gosney, has sent from various points of service. ® HANDI-DUO All-Plastic Kits for RICHLY packaged After ■Shave Lotion and Cologne Deodorant in Burgundy plastic bottles ... in a crystal cleat plastic snap fastener case. $2.25 plus MK •MIS’ HANDT-TRIO—3-piece set with After Shave Loden, Talcum and Cologne Deodorant $3.25 plus MR SMITH DRUG CO.