Decatur Daily Democrat, Volume 58, Number 232, Decatur, Adams County, 1 October 1960 — Page 6

PAGE SIX

1959 Hog Farm Earnings Down

(Editor’s note: This is the first of three stories dealing with 1959 earnings on major types of Indiana farms. The next story will take up dairy and dairy combination type farms. The final story will be on cash crop and cash crop combination farms.) LAFAYETTE. Ind. — Labor incomes on hog farms operated by farmers who kept records on cooperation with Purdue University’s agricultural economics department averaged a minus $1,493 in 1959 compared with a plus $7,820 in 1958—a difference of $9,313. Farm units operated by these cooperators average larger and are generally more efficiently operated than all farms in Indiana. F. V. Smith, Purdue agricultural economist responsible for the In-! diana Extension Farm Account Project, explains that labor income is the amount remaining from gross cash farm income after cash farm expenses were paid, net changes in inventory values of feed, livestock, machinery and improvements were either added or subtracted; and amounts were deducted for the value of unpaid family labor and interest at 5 per cent on the total capital investment. A hog farm in this study had at least 60 per cent of its farm income from the hog enterprise. Average net cash income in 1959 on these hog farms was only $2,109 lower than in' 1958. In 1958 there was an inventory increase of $4,090 per farm, while in 1959 inventory values decreased $2,859 per farm. Lower livestock prices—particularly hog prices—in 1959 accounted for the major part of the almost SB,OOO net decrease in inventory values between the two years. In terms of the average rate earned on investment, another measurement of farm earnings, the hog farms earned minus .4 per cent on an average investment of about $107,000 in 1959 compared with 7.8 per cent on an investment of $102,000 in 1958. During the four-year period 1955-58. which included the last hog cycle prior to 1959, labor income on hog farms averaged $4,139 and the rate earned on investment averaged 5.5 per cent. The average size of the hog farms was the same (282 acres) ’ in 1958 and 1959. More hogs were raised per farm in 1959 than in 1958 ( 718 compared with 602). The effects of lower livestock prices in 1959 were reflected in considerably lower livestock returns per $1 feed fed—sl.l2 in 1959 compared with 91.64 in 1958 on the hog farms. Earnings on other types of farms,

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for which hogs were a major enterprise, were much lower in 1959 than in 1958. However, in 1958 and for the four-year period prior to 1959, average rates earned on investment were quite comparable for these types of farms, Smith reports. < ' Type of farm Percent earned on investment 1959 1958 1955-58 Hog -.4 7.8 5.5 Hog-Feeder Cattle -.5 6.6 5.0 Hog-Feeder Cattle-Cash Crop 1.2 6.6 5.8 Hog-Dairy .2 7.2 6.1 Hog-Cash Crop 1.0 6 5 5.8 Hog-Dairy-Cash Crop 2.5 6.8 5.6 Report First Frost Os Fall In State By United Press International October brought the season's first frost to Indiana today and the chilliest temperatures of autumn. The mercury fell to 35 at Fort Wayne and Goshen this morning, and clear skies paved the way for a white coating of frost in low places over these areas and others where the tempeature dropped J within a few degrees of freezing. The U. S. Weather Bureau at » Fort Wayne said light frost in low ' places was rather general over the area and one report from nearby New Haven said the frost was so heavy it wilted and browned some of the more tender flowers and other vegetation. Lows included 37 at South Bend. 38 at Lafayette, 42 at Indianapolis and 44 at Evansville, as a wave of cool air swept September into history. The season's lows came after the coolest day of the season Friday, when temperatures reached only 58 at South Bend. 61 at Fort Wayne and 65 at Indianapolis. Temperatures today and Sunday may be equally as chilly. Tonight’s lows may be as low as, if not lower than. Friday night’s in the central and south portions. But it will be a little warmer in the north portion with lows around 50 expected. Very light precipitation was recorded at north and central stations during the 24-hour period ending at 7 a.m. today. It was scarcely measurable at Indianapolis, South Bend and Fort Wayne.

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Os This And That By LOIS M. FOLK Home Demonstration Agent “Chicago! Chicago! That’s my home town.” It’s not our home town, but were headed in that direction. Thirty-six Adams County Home Demonstration women and friends will leave Tuesday for a three-day tour of _ Chicago. They . will stay at the Palmer House and enjoy visiting many interesting places. Those who will be enjoying Chicago with me are: Mrs. Ralph Folk, Mrs. Wesley Lehman, Viola Lehman, Mrs. Tom Passwater. Mrs. Mary Soldner, Mrs. William Neadstine, Mrs. Vincent Parker and daughter, Dinna, Mrs. William Koh ne, Mrs. Walter Thieme, Ivy Gilpin, Mrs. Dovie L. Bedwell, Mrs. Pearl Sielscott, Mrs. Erwin Bauman, Mrs. Dan Striker, Mrs. Ervin Stucky, Mrs. Jess Summersett, Mrs. Harold Rich, Mrs. Oscar Young, Mrs. Paul Burkhart, Mrs. Luther Arnold, Mrs. Henry Heiman, Icel I Shanks. Mrs. Melvin Hirschy, Mrs. H. David Mosser, Mrs. Robert Qerber, Mrs. Richard Clark, Mrs. Elmer Moser, Mrs. Merle Alberson, Mrs. Gora Ankron, Mrs. Floyd Baker, Mrs. Wilbert Baker, Mrs. Bill Boerger, Mrs. Delmas Bollenbacher, and Mrs. Raymond Fickert. Past Presidents Banquet October 27 is the date set for the Past President's semi-annual banquet and meeting. The banquet will be held in the Decatur Legion Hall. The Root Township Home Demonstration club is in charge of the food and the Happy Homemakers club of Washington township will entertain. Reservations are due by October 20 and the price of the dinner is $1.35. Reservations should be sent to the County Extension Office, Box 262, Decatur. Did Yon Know? Among the many varieties of shrimp is a tiny blue and white creature in the fish barbering business. His shop is in the stinging tentacles of the sea anemone. Using the sharp razors of his legs, he shaves parasites off the scales and fins of his fish customers. As many as 600 of his fishy friends can benefit from his services in; a single day. Shield of Good Health With fall weather coming on your family is more susceptible to colds and other illness. This means the proper diet is more important than ever. The four basic food groups which you should have every day in your diet are: breads and cereals, milk and milk products, vegetables and fruits, and meat. Daily your family should have four servings from the breads and cereals group. This group includes

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enriched, whole grain or restored breads and cereals, other baked foods made with enriched or whole grain flour; enriched macaroni, spaghetti and noodles. Group 2 is the milk and milk products group. Daily requirements are 3 to 4 cups for children; 4 or more cups for teen-agers and 2 or more cups for adults. Cheese and ice cream may replace part of the I milk. The third group is the vegetables and fruits group where daily requirements are 4 or more servings daily. This includes a citrus fruit or tomato, a darkgreen or yellow vegetable, and other vegetables and fruits, including potatoes. The last group is the meat group where daily requirements call for 2 or more servings. Included in this group are beef, veal, pork, lamb, fish, poultry, eggs, with dry beans, nuts and peanut butter as alternates and for variety. Remember, you are what you eat and your best health insurance is a proper diet. Praline Cookies Mrs. Weldon Lehman of Berne shared this recipe with me which she received from the Pillsbury Bake-Off. I tried it and it would be a rich treat for your family. 1% cup flour Hi teaspoons baking powder or % teaspoon salt ti cup butter or margarine IVi cups brown sugar 1 egg 1 teaspoon vanilla Sift the flour, measure and add the baking powder and salt. Sift again. Cream the sugar and fat; add the unbeaten egg and vanilla; beat until smooth. Combine the sifted dry ingredients. Drop by a teaspoon on an ungreased baking sheet. Bake at 350 degrees F. for 10 to 12 minutes. After these are cool, spoon a teaspoon of the hot praline mixture on top. Praline Topping 1 cup brown sugar; % cup light, sweet cream; 1 cup sifted confectioners sugar and 1 cup broken pecans. Combine the brown sugar and cream in a saucepan. Bring to a boil and boil for two minutes, stirring constantly. Remove from the heat and stir in the confectioners sugar. Stir in the pecans. While still hot spoon some of the mixture over each cookie. Indiana’s 1960 grape production is expected to total 1,400 tons, two percent more than last year and 20 percent above average, report state-federal agricultural statisticians at Purdue University. Purdue University agronomists recommend applying nitrogen on grass pastures for extra fall grazing. Topdressing grasses such a« brome grass, orchard grass, timothy and blue grass with 50 to 75 pounds of actual nitrogen per acre also will send them into the winter in a healthier condition.

County Agent’s Corner

By LEO N. SELTENRIGHT i Pi* Crop 1 Following Is a report on the pig erop from the Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago in their Ag Letter. The pig crop report for September 1 gives further evidence of the beginning of a cyclical upswing in heig production. The number of sows intended to farrow in ten corn belt states in the September-November period is 3 per cent more than a year earlier and in the DecemberFebruary period is 4 per cent higher. These year-to-year increases follow decreases for only three consecutive quarters and make the cyclical downswing in 1960 very short compared with downswings of a year and a half to two years duration in previous postwar hog cycles. This turnabout in hog production has come as no surprise to most observers. However, in view of the relatively high hog prices and a hog-corn ratio above the long-term average during the summer, a larger increase in the winter quarter would not have been unexpected. Perhaps the large losses of pigs due to severe winter weather the past two years have discouraged those hog producers who had shifted to early farrowings. Thus, a larger increase might be forth- . coming during the milder weather , in the latter half of the spring period. Hog prices and the hog-corn i ratio climbed last spring in a man- ' ner similar to the previous hog , cycle in 1958. Should hog producers ' follow through with the intended increase in farrowings, hog prices would not be expected to continue , upward through the middle of 1961. This would present a sharp contrast to the rise in 1957, the second i year of the previous hog cycle. Even if there is only a moderate ’ increase in the number farrowed in March-May, 1961 (the last half ’ of the spring pig crop), hog prices ’ next year will tend to be depressed by competition from larger beef ’ supplies. One of the most surprising events this summer was the sharp i decline in hog prices during Aug- > ust. In the week ending August 6. the daily average price of 200-220 pound hogs at Chicago reached a ■ peak of $18.58 per hundredweight, i $4.00 higher than a year earlier. In the week ending September 3, I prices had dropped to $15.66, a decline of nearly $3.00 at the time many “experts” had expected hog prices to reach a top of $20.00 or $21.00. Since the beginning of September, hog prices have risen nearly SI.OO. The explanation for this unexpected decline is to be found in I the pattern of marketings during t July and August. The estimated number of hogs slaughtered under Federal inspection in the United ! States dropped 11 to 14 per cent below last year’s levels in the : last two weeks of July and the first week of August. At the same time, the average live weight of these hogs ranged from 4 to 7 pounds above the year-earlier weights. The last two weeks of August, however, saw hog slaughter climb to within 3 or 4 per cent of the year-earlier levels and average weights dropped to within 1 pound of a year earlier in the first week of September. By the middle of September, slaughter was again running 10 to 11 per cent below year earlier. This evidence indicates many hog producers were planning their marketings in expectation of higher hog prices at the end of August. Furthermore, storage stocks of pork were at very high levels at the beginning of August. Thus, it appears that the forecasts based on figures from the pig crop report were used by many people in making their plans which in turn made the forecasts wrong. DAIRY FARM RECORDS are

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i essential in profitable dairy operation. The Dairy Herd Improvement Association program offers Indiana dairymen a practical and economical record keeping system. NEWLY TRANSPLANTED TREES should be wrapped with commercial borer wrap, burlap or aluminum foil, according to Purdue entomologists. This wrapping prevents sunscald on the trunk and subsequent borer attack. CHECK EVERGREENS AGAIN for bagworms. If * any bags are found, pick them off and burn them to prevent a serious infestation of bagworms next year. Wool Payment In County Completed Wool growers of Adams county have now received a total of $8,060.66 in incentive payments earned during the 1959 marketing year, Mary J. Howard, Office Manager of the Agricultural Stabilization and Conservation Office said today. This completes the making of payments to the county’s wool growers on wool and unshorne lambs marketed during the year from April 1, 1959 through March 31, 1960. On shorn wool, the rate of payment was $43.20 for each SIOO received for wool marketed. For unshorn lambs, the rate was 75 cents per hundredweight for the live weight of lambs sold. The wool program, authorized by the National Wool Act, is continuing during the present marketing year, with a national incentive price of 62 cents a pound. The object is to increase the annual wool output of the United States to a total of 300 million pounds. ( 'Where' To Plant Also Important You can plant or transplant trees and shrubs in early fall, but where to place them requires some advance planning, according to Purdue University landscape architects. The trick is to determine how tall and wide they will grow before deciding on their site, A general rule for shrubs is to plant them three feet or more away from a building, allowing for their size at maturity. Consider their future size when placing shrubs in front of your house, iespecially those below windows, to avodi that “choked with foilage" look. Keep shrubs far enough away from walks so they can’t scratch passers-by and sufficient distance from the driveway so they don’t block your view, leaving a carlength safety zone by the street. The rule for tree placement is that they should not be closer to a structure than one-half the distance across their crowns at maturity. Planting trees too close to buildings can lead to their roots invading and cracking building foundations. A large tree can later dwarf a small house and fill its gutters with leaves. Keep clear, too, of power lines, outdoor fireplaces and underground utility lines. LitteiMropping trees, such as Chinese elm, willows and walnuts, should not be placed near areas you want for outdoor living.

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