Decatur Daily Democrat, Volume 56, Number 53, Decatur, Adams County, 4 March 1958 — Page 2

PAGE TWO

Indiana 4-H Goal Is 90,000 Members National 4-H Club Week Is Observed National 4-H club week, March 1-8. gives Indiana youth added incentive to push toward their goal of 90,000 members in 1958. Harold B. Taylor, state 4-H club leader at Purdue University, reports that the 1957 Indiana membership was 83,415—657, more than the 1956 total. Club members and leaders again will stress the theme, "Improving Family and Community Living,”, during the national observance. Piirpos<-SandobJective<if4-Hw'iTl be emphasized through news stories, radio and television programs, store window displays and at community meetings. Indiana 4-H club members will

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be able to choose from among 37 projects this year. Membership is open to any boy or girl between I the ages of 10 to 21 enrollment I cards may be obtained from local | .club leaders or from the county | extension office. > During 1957 Hoosier 4-H member,s enrolled in 181,296 agricultural projects and 100,013 home economics projects. The most popular agricultural projects were forestry, 7371 enrol- 1 Iment; garden, 7349; wild life, H 7279; electric, 6982 ;swine, 6161; ' corn. 5063; beef, 4931; dairy, 4390; and tractor maintenance, 3355. The most popular home econo- h mics projects were baking with--35.312 enrollments, clothing with ’ 29:764~and food -preparation with 4-. 17.941. Taylor said more local leaders ■ are needed in addition to new I members. During 1957 more than 4200 men and women served as volunteer leaders in Indiana’s 3277 clubs. They were assisted by I 10.868 boys and girls serving as : Junior leaders. In 1756, the Viceroy' of Bengali attacked the British East India < Co. and threw 146 Englishmen in-i to the—Black -Hole of Calcutta.: only ,23 lived out the night, in the] area 20 feet square. I i

Bell Telephone Rate Increase Is Studied Hearing Sl<jjpdA)n Toll Rate Increase INDIANAPOLIS <UPI—A hearing was slated before the Indiana Public Service Commission today on an Indiana Bell Telephone Co. petition to raise the cost of long ; distance calls. j Bell officials were to explain to | the state’s utility rate-making | agency why it needs the $2,362,000 I in additional revenue which would Ibe raised by such an increase. The proposed rate hike would ; affect Some Types ms calls rpade I between two points in Indiana, but iwould not.in vol ve calls, toor.from other states. Bell spkesmen said the revision in rates would cost patrons more than two million dollars a ( year, but less than half that amount would be kept by the ; company, because of taxes. Bell spokesmen said the revi- ' present discount rates for person- | to-person calls made at night and ‘Sundays,- and rates on this type iof call Would be increased by i amounts depending on the disj tance from the jpoint of origin ■ Station-to-station rates would not Ibe changed. But persons making calls late :at night and very early in the j morning could talk for six minutes for the cost of the present three-minute call. A 10-cent 4 charge Jwould be attached to all collect calls, replacing a sliding scale rariging from nothing to 15 cents. The cost of handling person-to- ' person calls has increased in the last few years, necessitating the ' hike. Bell officials said. I Bell, the state's largest tele(phone utility, serves about 120 exchanges and has 875.000 patrons. Oppose No-Man's I Land Along Border CAIRO HPi — Tunisia asked the ' Arab League Monday night to use 1 "all means at its disposal'’ to keep (' France from setting up a no-man’s land along the Tunisian-Algerian •j border. —«- —- —— Tunisian Ambassador to Cairo i El Sayyeb el Sahbani, handed the I request to Abdel Khalek Hassou,i na, secretary of the Arab League. ( El Sahbani promised the* league | would take it up when it meets | here Saturday. I j Thornton Burgess, noted author (of the Peter Rabbit children s stories. owns the oldest house in 1 Hampden, Mass.

THE DECATUR DAILY DEMOCRAT, DECATUR, INDIANA

Completes Training Course In Insurance Charles W. Norris, 213 No. Bth street. . local representative for ! Mutual of Omaha and United of | Omaha, has recently completed the comprehensive insurance course offered at the national sales training school session in Omaha, Neb. The school was held at the companies' home office under the direction of Hugh McAteer, area training director. It is the first step of a formal educational program established by Mutual pl Omaha to provide its representatives with thq advantages of professional training methods. Precious Violin Is Used By Rubinoff To Present Concert Here Next Monday When David Rubinoff appears in Decatur in a program of popular concert music March 10. he will play on one of the most precious instruments in the world, the famed Romanoff Stradivarius violin, insured for SIOO,OOO. The violin is famous for its silken. lustrous tone, its full range and almost unbelievable depth. Made in 1731 by. the master of all violin makers, this particular “Strad" eventualiy found its way into the hands of the Romanoffs, one-time rulers of Russia, and still bears the bejeweled crest of that family. During the revolution it was smuggled out of Russia and was later purchased by Rubinoff. Sensitive to heat, humidity, altitude and the risks that beset Any treasure of suCh vast value, the Stradivarius is guarded and handled with deference and extreme care at all times. The ancient in_st rument still retains the original varnish ’ and—is the acme. of perfection in musical instruments. An interesting fact is that during certain passages of "Warsaw Concerto" Rubinoff exerts as much as 60 pounds pressure on the violin. It takes tremendous strength-of highly developed muscular action to draw certain tones from one of the world's most delicate instruments. Rubinoff will appear at the Decatur high school auditorium at 8 p.m. March 10. “Tickets are available from any Lions club member. Youths Returned To Warren, Ohio Ohio authorities arrived this morning to pick up two Warren, O. youths. 13 and 16 years as age. and return them to that...city, where they are wanted for breaking and entering. fc The two youths had been held in the upstairs room at the Adams county jail since’last Wednesday on order of the t Vourt when they were arrested south of Berne, the older one with a concealed weapon. No charges were filed because the youths were known to be wanted in Ohio.

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Benson In Defense Os Farm Policies Warns On Politics in Farm Programs MINNEAPOLIS <UP — Agriculture Secretary Ezra Taft Benson j has warned against exploitation of ifarm problems by both the major I political parties. “Agriculture’ is neither Republican nor Democratic," Benson , told the 12th Annual Minneapolis Chamber of Commerce Farm Forum Monday, “and it must not be sacrificed on the political auction block.” _Benson’s 62-minute address to the businessman-farmer audience of 2,000 was interrupted numerous times by applause and occasional i catcalls and boos. Derisive shouts and hoots met his statement that "only one farm in three has any debt.” The active group of which broke into his speech more than a dozen times, laughed and asked i “Where did you get that informa- . tion?” The agriculture secretary's ad- , monition against partisan expediency drew enthusiastic applause, as did his pledge, “I will never ’ support any program I don't think is fair to farmers or to the peo- ’ pie, regardless of political pres- * sure." A “more healthy" agricultural i situation can be achieved through - ' market expansion, not govern- ■; ment controls, he said. ■ I “Farmers should not be misled . by those who are more interested : in keeping the government paying .' storage costs on warehouses filed ~: with grain, rather than working for farm programs, and providing ■ profitable markets for farmers," Benson said In defending his embattled farm program, Benson Jsaid said his re- ‘ i cent order to reduce dairy ' price -1 supports was required by law. The .‘ ruling, set for April 1, would rel+duee cheese—and butter prices -! about 2*2 cents a pound, and milk Iv 2 to 1 cent' per' quart. ; Benson conceded the farmer is -caught in a cost-prize squeeze. ; Last year’s gross farm income was $2,300,000,000 higher than in f 1950, he said, but farm costs were , up $3,700,000,000. J Satisfactory prosperity will nev.er he attained, he said "by in- ’ • creasing gross income jf rising costs are allo Wed to s.iphon off all ''our gains.’ facts should be * given careful consideration by “all ‘ 1 responsible segments of out; .economy,” he said. Benson said the administration has no plans to junk" price supports, but seeks a realistic storage and loan price support pfo- ; gram to provide marketing stab- > j ility. , ■I — ' Lenten Service At Friedheim Church j The regular midweek Lenten i service will be held at the Zion Lutheran church at Friedheim at 8 o’clock- Wednesday evening Theme oFthe sermon by the pastor, the Rev. A. A. Fenner, is 1 “Songs of the Cross." Special muj sic will be provided by the church I choir. The public is invited to at--1 tend.

Agriculture Remains As Chronically Sick

EDITOR’S NOTE: This is the first of three dispatches on the "farm problems.” which affects every American who raises food or fiber, buys them, or pays taxes. Today’s dispatch, by the United Press reporters who covers the Agriculture Department, tells what the problem is- Subsequent dispatches written by Secretary of Agriculture Exra T, Benson and Sen. Hubert H. Humphrey (D-Minh.) Will tell how the administration* and its critics propose to solve the problem. By GAYLORD P. GODWIN United Press Staff Correspondent WASHINGTON <UF> -The government is spending about 5 billion dollars a year to help farmers: In..spite of this massive transfusion from the Treasury, agriculture remains a chronically sick industry. The average per-capita income of the 20 million Americans who live on farms is less than half that of non-farm families. .-•- The “farm problem " boils down to the fact that agriculture production continues to outrun consumption — even though the toal populaion is rapidly increasing while the farm population steadily decreases. The reason is simple: A technological revolution has been going on in farming. The tractor has taken the ’’’place of the mule. Many farm operations once laboriously performed by hand — like picking cotton — can now be done with fast-mwwg machines Farmers have better seeds, better fertilizers. better chemicals to combat plant insects and diseases. They have g r e all y improved methods of raising livestock. All this has led to a sharp increase in farm productivity. Efforts at Control Frustrated The technological revolution has frustrated the government s efforts to curb farm production, by cutting back the number of acres under cultivation. Where do we go from here? The Eisenhower administration favors a more flexible system of government price supports for basic crops—Cotton. cbrnT~wheat, rice, peanuts, tobacco and dairy products,—Farm law mow_requires that the government support the prices of these crops—mainly by taking surplus supplies off the market at a level of at least 75 per cent of “fair price" parity, for authority to lower the support The administration has asked for authority to lower the support level to 60 per cent of parity in some cases, so that more farm products will be sold on the open market and less will go into gov-‘ ernment storage. It also wants authority to give farmers more liberal acreage allotments than are provided under the present price support formula. The idea is that farmers might get less per bushel, but they could sell more bushels. Farm - state congressmen are pushing several alternative solutions. Some want high price supports and strict planting restrictions, Some favor a “two-price" plan under iw h i c.h commodities sold on the domestic market would pay direct ■ subsidies to

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farmers to make up the difference between the market price and a “fair price." Program is Costly One prediction can be made about whatever new “farm program” from this controversy: It will be costly to the taxpayers. Since the end of World War 11, the government has sustained a net loss*of 14,667,500,000 on farm price support operations. At present, it has an additional $7,200,362,000 tied up in surplus farm I commodities which the government has bought or is holding under loan in warehouses These totals do not include the $1,783,000,000 which has been paid to farmers during the past three years under the Soil Bank Plan of taking land out of Cultivation. Nor do they include the billions that have been spent to aid farmers in soil conservation practices, agricultural research, mar--1 keting studies, and export subsidy operations. Who are the beneficiaries of 1 this government aid? 1 Secretary of Agriculture Ezra ’,T. Benson says the lions share 1 ■ goes to big commercial farms, ■land that small “family" farms get little if any benefit from price support programs. While some may dispute this, it ’ is a fact that the technological ■ revolution has brought a sharp trend toward large commercial ’ farms, many of which specialize ’ in a single price-supported crop. ‘ Os the 4,738.000 larms in this ’ country, 56 per cent qualify as ’ “small” operations — they have ’ market sales of less than $2,500 a year. The remaining 44 per cent 1 are classed as “commercial" farms. More than 90 per cent of the

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farm products put on the market last year came from the commercial farms. Farmers Must Decide Some agricultural experts believe that, no matter what temporary relief the government may provide, small farmers eventually face the choice of joining- the trend toward big mechanized farms or getting off the land. Many of them have already left the land. The farm population in 1950 was 25 million. In 1957, it was 20 million, a drop of 20 per cent in seven .years. Farm workers in 1947 numbered 10,400,000 Ten years later their number was 7,600,000, a drop of 26 per cent. Most of the farmers who left the land and went to town were small j or part-time farmers. This drop in farm population makes per capita farm income look good, after a fashion. The Agriculture Department recently announced that the 1957 per capita income of farmers was a record $993, up 10 per cent from 1956. This was possible because of a sharp drop in farm population — leaving fewer farmers to participate if> the total kitty. Even at the record 1957 lead, however, per capita income of farmers doesn't compare well with the 12,050 per capita income of the non-farm population. The overall "p ari t y ratio” which measures farmers" purchasing power in terms of prices received and prices paid is 82 per cent at present. It was 107 per cent in 1951. Tomorrow: Secretary of Agriculture Exra T. Benson writes about the administration's farm program.

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