Decatur Daily Democrat, Volume 52, Number 45, Decatur, Adams County, 23 February 1954 — Page 8

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Little Known O£ True Russ-China Relations

note: One of the major mysteries of the Communist world is the relationship between Russia and Red China. Are they equal partners: master power and satellite; cold and unfriendly partners in an opportunistic enterprise? 'United (Press staff correspondent Henry Shapiro, in the following dispafoh, tells what is known* of relations between Peiping and iMdscow and suggests that the •forthcoming Geneva conference on the Far East may give the west a chance to look behind the scenes to learn the true nature of their relations.) By HENRY SHAPIRO BERLIN UP — Ohe of the more interesting by-products of the forthcoming Geneva conference on Korea and Indochina will be the opportunity given the west to watch the concrete, practical coordination of Soviet-Chinese policy. _ The Kremlin and Peiping have had a four year’s partnership or working agreement. But little is known in the ‘western world of the true relationship ‘between the two largest and most powerful nations of the Communist world. So western statesmen are anxious to observe, when they sit down at the Geneva conference table at which both Red China and Russia will be present, just how the arrangement works. Will Molotov, at that conference, act as the senior statesman of the Communist world; the first of two equals. Or will he yield precedence to Chou J -Lai, premier of the country more immediately concerned in the fate of China’s neighbora? At the Berlin conference, tne three western foreign ministers had their first glimpse into the lit-tle-known techniques of SovietChinese staff operations. While tMoloiov acted as complete master of the situation where Germany and Austria were concerned, there was reason to believe he consulted Peiping on every phase of the Korean and Indochinese discussions. He withheld a final agreement on the western compromise formula for .the Geneva conference, apparently until he had a green From the beginning of the Communist seizure of power in China there has been evidence that China is a partner and not a mere satellite of the Kremlin. The historic peculiarities of Mao Tse-Tung’a rise, with little or » no Soviet assistance, the size, strength and geographic remoteness of China, as distinguished from (Moscow’s western neighbors,

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have combined to make /or this special relationship. In the last tew years of Stalin’s life, 'Mao ise-Tung already was recognized in the Soviet Union as no other foreign Communist chief ever was. He was given his due, not only as a political leader of great power, but as a Marxist theorist whose articles were widely published in the Soviet press. Although; after Stalin's death, Mao reaffirmed adherence to ‘t’he camp headed by Comrade Malenkov," he remained 'Malenkov’s equal in the international Communist hierarchy. When Molotov and Chou Ln-Lai appear in Geneva they .may be expected to show a solid united front to th? <west, even though, they may not eye-to-eye on the 7 future of Indochina and Korea, If any divergencies of opinion exist among them, they will not betray the mto the west. Hearings Opened On Shipping Explosives To Study Dangers Os Trucking Shipments WASHINGTON UP — The interstate commerce commission opened two daysfof hearings today on whether it is dangerous to ship explosives over public highways. The question was to be debated in the application of 24 trucking firms for ICC permits to haul dynamite, munitions and other explosives over public roads In 46 states, including Indiana. Railroads and competing truck lines opposed the applications. So did the American automobile assoi ciation, the national congress of parent - teacher association, the department of commerce and some state and city government groups. •Most of the opposition from public groups is based on the congestion that trucking of explosives is far too dangerous to be permitted. ICC examlher B. E. Stillwell recommended after lengthy hearings that all the applications but one be rejected. He recommended that Rlss and Co. of Kansas City, z .M’..the. right .la'ship explosives between Chicago and armed; farces arsenals at -Crane, Ind., 'Earle, N. J., and Hingham, Mass. Refuses To Answer Query On Espionage Woman Jeweler In Refusal To Testify WASHINGTON, UP — Mrs. Victoria Stone, a New York jeweler, refused angrily today to answer most questions put to her at a ( house hearing on atomic espionage. She told the house un-American, activities committee her name, address, and occupation. But she re- • fused to answer questions because, j she said, her testimony might "tend to incriminate or degrade me.’’ The committee is seeking evi--1 dence about a spy ring it says was operated during the war by Arthur Adams, described as a Russian-born ‘‘charter member” of the Communist party. i The plump, 49-year-old Mrs. Stone previously had told the com--1 mittee at a secret session that ’ she was an “intimate associate” 1 of Adams, who is believed to have fled to Russia in 1945 after getting a tip that the FBI was on his trail. Asked why, having testified freely in the past, she now believed her’answers might be self-incrimi-nating, Mrs. Stone replied: “I thought that you would let me alone . . . but it still goes on . . . things are written about me that are not true.” Rep. Francis E. Walter (D-Pa.) said the committee is giving her an opportunity to clear up any misunderstanding. “The only opportunity I want,” she replied, “is to forget about if as quickly as possible . . .” Mrs. Stone first invoked the fifth gmendment against giving possible self-incriminating testimony when asked whether she bad used ’any other name. Committee records show she was born of Polish parents in Montreal, Canada, and moved to the United States at an early age. Mrs. Stone described hersel? as a jeweler in a New, York shop. —Velde said Mrs. Stone’s testimony was needed to till in “the gaps” on operation of the Adams atomic spy ring. He said the Soviet spy system is “the most treacherous in the historyqf the United States and probbaly in the world." H« said she would be performing a public duty , in giving details of its operation and telling whether any of the ring’s members are stilt in this country. ■ Mrs. Stone refused to say if she has been in contact with Adams " -’7 7:';; . ’"*7’77."

India Hope Os Neutral Bloc Is Weakened Pakistanis Appeal For Military Aid Weakens Chances TOKYO (UP)—-Asian diplomats said today they believed Pakistan’s appeal to the United States for military aid had weakened India’s chances of setting up a “neutral" bloc of Asian nations between the free and Communist worlds. One Southeast Asian official now in Japan said his country and other "neutrals” had watched the struggle between the United States and India on the Pakistan aid issue "with more than considerable interest.” down,” the C7 official said. “The United States acting over India's strongest objections. Now what is India going to do? How has it affected her position as an unofficial arbiter of what is neutral and what is not neutral in Asia?” Pakistan’s decision to seek U. S. military aid and her agreement with Turkey tied the Karachi government to the anti-Communist world. It broke the Asian “neutral bloc.” diplomats said, in two vital places—at the norfhwestern corner of the Indian peninsuhi and in Eastern Pakistan, which is wedged between India and another neutral. Burma. The effect of the agreements on Burma were being watched closely. “The U. S. - Pakistan - Turkey agreements tossed the cards up into the air.” an American diplomat said. “We’ll have to wait to see just how they fall as far as Burma and Indonesia are concerned.”. There was considerable doubt that either Burma or Indonesia would ask for military aid from the United States. Only deals believed 1 likely to be made in the near future would be in the economic field. ACCUSES ARMY Fran Paar Oay> appears Thursday. McCarthy interrupted the hearing at one point to say that he j was “very much disturbed" that Stevens had made personal calls on other members of the subcommittee to protest McCarthy’s treatment of .an army witness last week. The witness was Brig. Gen. Ralph W. Zwicker. commander of Camp Kilmer, N. J., a World War II combat hero who was questioned by McCarthy. Stevens later accused McCarthy of "abusing’ Zwicker. Stevens told reporters again that Zwicker will not appear at McCarthy’s hearing on Thursday. Stevens has ordered Zwicker to ignore a summons from McCarthy. “The officer will not appear but I will be delighted to do so,” Stevens said today. He declined to answer a question as to whether the White House had promised to support him in his dispute with McCarthy. Warning To Nation Is Given By Hoover Director Os FBI Is Notre Dame Speaker SOUTH BEND, Ind. UP — J. Edgar Hoover, director of the federal bureau of investigation, warned the nation today that “within our borders are thousands of men and women who have sold their birthright to this evil Messiah” of Communism. Hoover said that the believers in Communism want to “destroy our universities, church and institutions of free government and concentration camps, a secret police and a dictatorship.” - The FBI chief's remarks were read for him at the 105th annual Washington’s birthday exercises at the University of Notre Da me Monday night. He said that "a withering materialism that has captured the thinking of so many young people” is contributing to a rising crime ‘, Hoover called for “men of integrity” to reserve democracy in this country. The fight against crime, he said, must be based on the principle that "the moral law cannofc be violated with impunity.” since he “vanished” in 1945, or whether she knows his present whereabouts.

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Criticizes Handling Os Property Abroad Stenographers At Embassy In Trouble WASHINGTON, UP — Stenographers at the U.S. embassy in Brussels are in deep trouble. Their new chairs are so fancy nobody likes to sit in them. And the shiny desks are so modernistic there are no drawers for such essentials as stationery, carbon paper and, alas, powder and Ipistick. Not only that. The desks came without front panels which anybody would think would be standard equipment. Embarrassed state department officials had to order special panels put on. New chairs have been ordered, too. the ordinary kind of stenographers’ chairs. But nothing has been done about finding some drawers for the desks. This bit of intelligence—domes; tic and foreign division—came to light in testimony published today by a house appropriations subcommittee. The testimony contained more than a dash of criticism for the handling of American property abroad. _ The criticism was leveled by a three - man subcommittee which toured world capitals during the congressional recess last fall. The subcommittee consisted of Reps. Frank T. Bow (R-Qhio), Sam Coon (R-Ore.), and Prince.ll. Preston Jr,, (D-Ga.j The subcommittee said it found a “fantastic story” in France, involving the purchase in 1948 of a

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residance in Paris for the ambassador at a negotiated price of sl.959.000. The previous owner of the property, Baron Maurice de Rothschild, described aa perhaps the richest man in France, sold the property to American representatives. Hut before turning it over to them, he made gelatin casts of objects of art, paneling, balusters and staircases, and hauled the originals away. He removed goldleaf decorations and substituted bronze paint. Valuable tapestried were removed from the walls and a big marble staircase replaced with an inexpensive imitation. The subcommittee was told that the house was “worthless." but that the land might be valuable. Eisenhower To Wind Up Vacation Today Last Round Os Golf Before Return Trip PALM SPRINGS, Calif. UP — President Elsenhower, looking tanned and refreshed after a week's vacation in the hot Southern California desert, scheduled a last round of golf today before flying back to Washington tonight. The Eisenhowers flew out here last Wednesday for golf and sun on Smoke Tree Ranch, a luxurious development of 55 homes outside this desert resort. Their hosts were Paul 6. Hoffman, board chairman of the Stqdebaker Corp., and Paul IL; Helms, a Los Angeles bakery company owner. The first Rem ’bn the Resident's agenda in Washington was a re-

port on the recent Big Four foreign ministers conference in Ber- ’ lin from secretary of state John i Foster Dulles. Dulles will leave shortly for the Inter American conference in Caracas, Venezuela. The President also might want a quick first person report from army secretary Robert T. Stevens on his dispute with Sen. Joseph R. McCarthy R-Wls„ over testimony 1 of high ranking army officers concerning alleged in-government Communists. The White House in the person of press secretary James C. Hagerty took a strictly hands off attitude tire Stqvens-MeCurthy ■ row. L' ’ ' From other administration contacts, however, came word that {he Chief Executive, contrary to repeated reports from Washington, would not have anything to say in the immediate future about the dispute. Mr. Eisenhower will hold no news conference this week, either in Palm Springs or Washington. At the same time, it seemed inconceivable to persons familiar with the Chief Executive’s thinking that he could remain quiet on the subject indefinitely. This same ■ school of thought could not. believe 1 that Stevens would swing out at ’ McCarthy without clearing his 1 action with higher authority. SEN. KNOWLAND I < Continued From Pntte Ono I - could have explored the labyrinth i o’, her own responsibility,” he said, t Knowland indicated fear that i the Communist “price” for peace I in Indochina would be a coalition ' government, step which he said would result in Communist domini atfon 'that country within two - years.

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VFW Encampment At South Bend Irf June SOUTH BEND, Ind. UP — The Indiana Department of the Veterans of Foreign Wars today announced its 1954 encampment will be held here June 17-20. About 3,000 person* are expected to attend. Glenn C. White, South Bend, is general chairman of the meeting, and Ernest Moore, South Bend, assistant chairman. The encamp-' meat will include joint conventions of the VFW and the Ladies’ Auxiliary, the Fathers' Auxiliary and the Military Orders of Coots and Lady Bugs.? EX-PRESIDENT < Continued From Page One> the present situation as “the inevitable result of the ebb and flow of a free economic system.” He said scientific discovery, invention and improved production methods have enabled business to sustain the nation’s present standard of living with some goods left over. “|t is these surpluses, plus- dehydrated optimism, that are worrying the situation today,” he said. His “remedy" if things do get bad, Mr. Hoover said, was the "proposal” of President Eisenhower to cut taxes "in such fashion as to increase the buying power of all the people, so that they absorb the surplus and thus lift the whole level of the standard of living another stage.” “The surest route to that end is to reduce government expenses and thus reduce taxes,” he said, Trade in a Good Town — Decatar

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■ JJ||’ ■g**' fl W itiflflfllHET flfll ■b.fl - . Ajfe&frt Ww w<■•' ■* * ■ MARTIN COIR, 23, holdlnf his ■ daughter. Cathy. In hit arma, prays before the altar tn St. Luke’s Hospital, San Francisco Doctors fear that Cathy, who is not yet two years old, is suffering from an incurable disease. (International)