Decatur Daily Democrat, Volume 50, Number 257, Decatur, Adams County, 30 October 1952 — Page 12

PAGE FOUR-A

Budget First i Big Task For New President WASHINGTON UP —The next President, be he Dwight D. Eisenhower or Adlai E. Stevenson, will have a big job trying to decide quickly what should be done aboiti the government’s huge budget. The law provides that the budget for the new fiscal year must be ' submitted to Congress by the President/ within 15 days after.-Cdiii-grega convenes. . > .'S Inasmuch as the next Congress meets Jan. 3, president Truman Will have to subtfait a budget, fiw 1 , fiscal 1954 to Congress on qt before. Jan, 18. . ’ | Then it will fee up to the new President to make any revisions he wants to after he is sworn into office on Jan. 20. The budget for fiscal 1954 will become effective July 1. tss3. Big Job To Prepare Preparation of the federal budget is such a big job that work on it starts months before it actually Is submitted to Congress. Tjie budget bureau has been workingou the new budget since last sprint, it won’t be whipped into final shapeuntil late December.

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Jh.ih ;.h v. b .nil’ ...id r;i. < nhow»-i---haVe said they will scrutinize government | expenditures carefully with an tkv towgrd making cuts wherever possible. PresuinnMy’ either would start with the budget now being prepared. \ It is possible- tjmt Mr. Truman wilt invite thp President-elect to the \ White Iloush to talk over budgetary problems before the matter is placed before Congress, although that will: be entirely up to Mr. Truman. , Two Qther: Messages The budget is oije of the three documents that tlie President .customarily sends to/ Congress at the opening of new session. The others are a State of the Union message and an economic report. Mr. Truman, if he desired, could omH the State of the Union message. or .could use the occasion fora sqrt of official sap-well. It is assumed that he wi|l leave it to his Successor, to recommend a specific! legislative program.! \Mr. Truman p|ol|>ably will submit an economic 1 report, since that, like the budgejt, requires considerable advance preparation. The daw calling for submission of the Economic report says only that the document is to be /sent to Congress “at the beginning qf each regular session.” , |\ : :.i • 1 II i i t It you have something to sell or rooms for rent, try a Democrat: Waht Ad. It brings results. —- -^4—l < i . Trade in a Good Town?—Decatur!

Current Election ’ ' ' | i "• ' J *'■ Could Be Another 4 F ■ y Hair-Raising Finish .:J ~ ■ - _ •. ■' .

} CLEVELAND— Despite speedier irote-counting and lightning - fast communications, a candidate for President still can go to bed on elect-ion -night thinking that he is the next resident of thd White House, and awaken the next morning still an ordinary citizen. It has happened several times, and the setup of the current ballot derby is such that it would behoove candidates (and* supporters alike

not to let enthusiasm run too rampant or gloom to betome too deep until the later returns are in. The fqur time tones that divides the nation play tricks on election night. Most o f the bolls cldse whenever ly the cl de k Shows fi p. m. so that i when the curtains are

Charles Evans Hughes

finally drawn on the booths in California it already is 9 p.m. in the great eastern zone and the tide is developing. It was the heart-breaking experience of Charles Evans Hughes, the Republican jstandard-bearer in 1916, to be universally acclaimed as the new President, only to see the late returns from the western rural counties change the scene. Even Woodrow Wilson, his opponent, was fooled. When he saw that all the states east of the Mississippi and north of the MasonDixon line, except New Hampshire and Ohio, were going for Hughes, the President telephoned his private secretary: “Well, Tumplty. it looks as if we have been badly licked. I have- no regrets. We have triqd to do our duty.” One of the biggest New Ydrk newspapers which hud supported Wilson announced in its early Wednesday morning editions the “sweeping victory” of Hughes, ilt

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was a blunder which would he repeated years later by a Chicago daily that- headlined "Dewey Elected!” on election night, 1948. I The final \*eydict in 1916 was »ot in until Thursday, when the last country district in California gave Wilson a 3,775 vote edge out of over 900,000 cast and tljat state's then total of 18 electoral votes provided him With a 277-254 majority. This year California again is a key state. Seasoned politicians warn their candidates not to concede prematurely under the emotional strain of discouraging early returns, because they know that iossihg in the sponge cause the miany votecounting crews in the thousands of liemote precincts to relax their efforts. Ballots are passed which otherwise would be thrown out as mutilated, and even the arithmetic of adding the real burden as every election official knowb—grows careless. Many a candidate who appeared to be a “bum sport” because he not sehd a congratulatory message to his opponent, later has received one. him; self. Tenseness of election night this year will be heightened by New York’s decision to keep its polls open until 9 p.m. This will cause the results as to that state’s crucial —perhaps decisive —45 votes to lag behind the rest -of the east. ’ The trends may be clearer in Pennsylvania, Connecticut and Ohio by then. All are regarded as vital by both the Eisenhower and Stevenson camps, and each claims them. Moreover, by 9 p.m. Soiuth Carolina may have given the {tip-off on whether the GOP really Will crack the solid south. and Florida may be pointing! a trend to be reflected later in the results from Texas. Big city votes, rolling in from the voting machines, in all these sectors. later will be counterbalanced by the phoned-in results {from the much slower manual counting that persists in most rural areas. Close battles are expected by all the soothsayers this year, and the hair-raising photofinishes of the 1948 . campaign may be r/enacted. TheirDewqy lost Ohio by only 7,107 votes in 9,247 precincts, an average of less titan a vote a precinct!vHe lost California iby 17,865 votes in 16.8F2 precindts; However close this year’a election may be, it is doubtful if any election ever will match the harrowing contest of 1874 when it became apparent that Gov. Samuel J. Tilden of New York. the Democrat who' had smashed the notori-

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ous Tweed ring, was elected. He had just one short! of the 185 electoral votes then needed. -! But he never got that one vote. Electors from South Carolina, Louisiana and were disputed, and after an unprecedented electoral commission oif congressmen and justices of the Supreme Court had voted 8-7 in favor of beating all 20 Republican electors, Rutherford B. Hayes whs pronounced winner 185-184. | That fingl return was not” in ' until two days before the inauguration, March 2, 1877, and there Were mutterings of revolution and civil war. But nothing happened; everyone appeared ,to be exhausted. •Small wonder! / . Electoral College To Meet Dec. 15 y - i- ■ . ' I ’ i WASHINGTON UP 4- The 531 presidential electors chosen by the voters Nov. 4 will meet in their respective state’ cajdtols Dec. 15 to east their ballots for a new President of the United States. These, electors prill constitute what Is known as the electoral college, . They will cast the official ballots -that will "determine whether Adlai E. Stevenson or Dwight D. Eisenhower will be the next President. { \ Americans do not vote directly bn candidates for President and Vite President. Instead, they choose presidential electors wjio, in turn, cast ballots for President and Vice President The electors chosen in each state usually vote for th'e candidate wad gets the popular vote majority in their state, although they are not required by the Constitution to dn so. The ballots of the electors will be ‘opened formally befpre a joint meeting of the Senate and House on Jan. 6. While the actual choice Os the people, as well as the electors. will be knowh lims before then; Congress goes through the formality, anyway, of opening the electors ballots and recording them. Upsets Can Happen j— It is possible, but unlikely, that a candidate for president would get a majority of the total popular votes and still the election bV failing to get a majority of the electoral votes. In 1876 Samuel J. Tilden got ,250,000 more popular votes than Ruthpkford B. Hayes, {but\ Hayes Btlll won the election because he got, more electoral -votes. Each state’s electoral vote is

etrual to Ita total number of Senqt« and House seats. There have been It times in hist tory when a President was elected without getting a majority of the popular votes cast. In most of these cases,'that happened because there were more than two presidential candidates polling a sizable number of votes. Truman An Example In 1948, for example, President Truman didn’t get a majority of the popular vote but he got 303 electoral votes-~37 more than the 266 needed tor election. Mr. Truman had a popular vote of 24.105,812. compared with the 24.730,787 polled by all other candidates. Aside from Hayes and Truman, other Presidents who were elected without getting a majority of the popular votes included Woodrow Wilson (twice), Grover Cleveland (twice), Benjamin Harrison, James -A. Garfield, James Buchanan, Zachary Taylor, James K. Polk and Johu Quincy Adams. When no presidential candidate gets a majority/of the electoral votes, the election is thrown into the House of Representatives for a decision. jr Twins Rule Class MARTIN, Tenn. UP—Freshmen students at the University of nessee branch here have a tough time identifying thejr class officers. Bill and Bob Kirk, identical twins, were elfebted president ahd vice president. Thief Light-Minded HOUSTON, UP—Stealing accessories from automobiles took a pew twist herb. Naval Lt. M. L. Mooney reported to i police someone broke into bis car and stole the dome light. \

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THURSDAY, OCTOBER 30, 1953