Decatur Daily Democrat, Volume 43, Number 189, Decatur, Adams County, 11 August 1945 — Page 1

I I I// Else Is Chores!

XLIII. No. 189.

ALLIES REPLY TO JAP SURRENDER OFFER

IS. Airplanes jsume Attacks Sains) Japan Hiqhty Third Fleet jßturns To Action jfcder Nimitz Order ■m, Aug. 11—(UP)—Amerir, Hanes bombed Southern Japand Admiral Chester W. S'iH enile(l an undeclared nav;,Suee with an order to his f to resume the attack depeace bid. Bhe end of a hectic day in Superfortress and carrier on the Japanese mainland discontinued, Nimitz clarified the issues. Bffeci, he said that not only state of war exist but that with all its destrucfe® effects, including atomic must go on until a genenßurrender is announced. Mitz’s order sent the mighty Thii‘l Fleet back into action the Japanese homeland, its 1,200 carrier planes had feßj-i'il or damaged 523 enemy s. on central and northern llßu during the past few Jays. Douglas MacArthur's Okiplanes already were the Japanese home is- ■ uninterrupted schedule. KK Tokyo said 150 bomb' rs fire and demolition bombs miße northern Kyushu indusHKity of Kurume this mirnBs broke out hi kh'nine, but controlled by .12:50 p. said. ISr e was 110 :nir -*cdiate word gsHwlier. and if Superforof the Stritegie Air |%B would resume their atSxjßon Japan. Get. Carl A. ihß Hie commander, said ear jhßiat no 11-29,5 w nij.l tly toqytz's directive, to all naval Forces un.be’ his comcontinue “offensive acSsißmiless otherwise specificalwas issued at 7:30 pm. y ■am. EWT) after the Third had remained idle under truce for nearly 21 the Japanese nor the jr.dtwhave stopped fighting, Ni|?*Baill. Even if a general surl 8 ®®* should be announced slidadded, vigilance should against Japanese at- ~ Band treachery. -■ting also continued on la.nl r* B-' ll scattered islands as Luzon, Borneo, New ? :i B an( * New Britain, where *''B C Japanese forces still FBoldiug out. i Spokesman at Manila said g”'B e Far East Air Forces and ---ggttli and Seventh Air Forces “‘B c °ntinuing operational misagainst Japan throughout SF“ To Page 6, Column 2) gS var Improvement rSmm At Capitol c S ß na Polis, Aug. 11—(UP)— Robert Tyndall’s Indiana;^,B ostwar Planning committee announced plans for a '■•""" tO-year postwar imjW"'l' Program. The finance ’’B'mittee said that the proWoul<l nfst increase the B indebtedness or tax rate ‘ ■city, jO nq P°l» s Mon Is iH Fridoy Night njß napolis . Aug. 11—(UP) — investi S a(e d today the 3B° f Harry Miner > 39 > who (atally last nigllt in a confectionery. They ~^B a man known only as hUH accused '’y witnesses of JB fevlover bullet into MinTHERMOMETER iBPERATURE reading a -m 66 a ’ m « 67 SB a -m 70 ■ISI WEATHER Uy 1 * cloudy with occasioncv'tr« today and tonight. ~y «>oudy Sunday and w,th occasional showea,t ,n *®ren®on.

DECATUR DAILY DEMOCRAT

Say MacArthur To Accept Surrender London, Aug. Id —(UP)— Tjie London Daily Mail said today that Gen. 'Douglas MacArthur will be nominated this weekend to accept the formal surrender of the Japanese general staff. He also will be authorized to impose the Allied terms on Japan when they have been settled, the Mail said. o 2nd Atom Bomb Wipes Nagasaki Out As Target First Atomic Bomb Made 'Obsolete' By Second One Dropped Guam, Aug. 11 —(UP) — The atomic bomb dropped Thursday on Nagasaki made "obsolete” the one which wrecked Hiroshima three days earlier. The second bomb wiped out Nagasaki as a military target, probably vaporizing its industrial plants, it was reported today. Brig. Gen. Thomas Farrell, chief of the atomic bomb project in the Marianas, disclosed that the two atomic bombs so far dropped on Japan were of different types. “The function of the bomb used on Nagasaki made the one used on Hiroshima absoletc,” Farrell said at a secret Superfort base in the Marianas. Gen. Carl A. Spaatz, commander of Strategic Air Forces, announced that the second bomb destroyed 30 percent of Nagasaki, utterly desolating an area two miles long and a mile wide at the widest point. Officers at the secret base said they believed the bomb, dropped by the Superfort “Great Artiste" under the command cf Maj. Charles W. Sweeney, scored a direct hit in the heart of the Mitsubishi steel works in Nagasaki and the blast gutted most of the city. “The city was wiped out as a target as soon as the bomb hit,” Sweeney said. “Probably all industrial targets were vaporized by the blast. We could see fires on both sides of Nagasaki harbor. We felt more of a blast than we did at Hiroshima.” The crew of the “Great Artiste” flew in an observation plane to see the results of the first bomb, dropped on Hiroshima by Lt. Col. Paul W. Tibbets, Jr.,’s B-29 named “Enola Gay”. The success of the Nagasaki raid outdated the type of bomb used on Hiroshima, Farrell said. (Turn To Page 3, Column 7) —o Complete Plans For Airport Dedication Short Ceremony At New Airport Sunday Joseph Globig. assistant superintendent of the General Electric company, will deliver a short dedicatory address at the Sunday morning ceremonies dedicating McComb Flying Field, just beyond the •northwest city limits at the junction of U. S. highways 224 and 27. Mr. Globig is a member of the Decatur Aero club and one of the men who recently purchased an airplane and is taking flying instructions. The short ceremony will be held at 10 o’clock. Between 15 and 25 airplanes are expected here for the dedication ceremony and breakfast, which will precede the program at 8:30 o’clock at a local restaurant. A tour of the city will be made later, the guests bftig escorted by a committee headed by Floyd Hunter of American Legion, Henry Bromer, president of the Chamber of Commerce and Clark Lewis Smith, president of the Aero club. Among the pilots expected here ts Mrs. Helen Montgomery of Auburn, formerly Miss Helen Davies of near She is a civilian flight instructor at the Allburn fle, The field is named for Robert McComb, a former civilian .instrue"~~(Turn Tc Pag* <. Column 8>

Surrender News Brought Them To White House

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Secretary Byrnes

JAPANESE SURRENDER NEWS brough these high U. S. officials to the White House. The three are Secretary of State James F. Byrnes, Secretary of War Henry Stimson and Secretary of the Navy James V. Forrestal. (International Soundphoto)

Meat Rationing Ease Seen After V-J Day Outlook Bright For Ration-Point Slash Washington, Aug. 11 —(UP) — An early easing of meat and fat rationing soon after V-J day be came a distinct possibility today. A well-placed source said the outlook was bright for cutting red-point values. He also said that ending of rationing on many and perhaps all blue-point processed foods was likely soon after V-J day. Lower ranking spokesmen previously had indicated that sudden improvement in the domestic food situation was unlikely because demobilization will be gradual and foreign needs heavy. It was generally agreed that gasoline rationing will be ended within a matter of days after the war ends. Tires, shoes, clothing will become more abundant. The brighter food prospects were backed by a new agriculture department announcement that this year’s crops, in gen eral will be the third largest in Aistory. The latest crop report showed distinct improvement in corn farm leaders. Corn is the basic propscets, which had worried feed for meat animals. The corn crop is now estimated at 2,844,478.000 bushels, up to 100,000,000 bushels since the July estimate. Last year’s crop hit a record high of 3,228,61,000 bushels. This year's, however, now promises to be well above average. Another hope for more meat rests in Secretary of Agriculture Clinton P. Anderson’s proposal to drop all beef subsidies effective next July 1. Anderson is polling cattle men for their reaction. If they agree, and the suggestion is put into effect, Anderson believes it should result in an un? loading of cattle that would move more beef from the range to butcher counters. It appeared, however, that (Turn To Page 7, Column 1) O Two Persons Killed In Auto-Bus Crash Indianapolis, Aug. 11. —(UP) — A Greyhound bus and an automobile collided at the southern outskirts of Indianapolis late last night, killing two passengers of the car and seriously injuring two others. Occupants es the Chicago-bound bus were unhurt. The dead were John A. Schumacher, 57, Indianapolis’ and his daughter-in-law, Mrs. Willim J. Schumacher, 28, also of Indianapolis. The injured were Schumacher’s wife and his eister, Mrs. Paul Kerr, Indianapolis.

ONLY DAILY NEWSPAPER IN ADAMS COUNTY

Decatur, Indiana, Saturday, August 11, 1945.

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Secretary Stimson

County To Receive One Surplus Truck 'Congressman George W. Gillie informed this newspaper today that his office had been advised that the surplus property divisions of the department of commerce would ■dispose of lil'l trucks in 30 Indiana and Ohio counties. Adams and Wells counties are. each listed to receive one truck, to be sold to legitimate dealers, who resell tlie vehicles. Mr. Gillie stated he did not know when the .sale would be held, but would advise the newspaper when he received word. o War In Southwest Pacific Continues New Allied Blows Struck On Enemy Manila, Aug. 11—(UP)—The war in the southwest Pacific continued on land and in the air today with new iAllied blows against the enemy despite Japan’s conditional offer to surrender. Gen. Douglas MacArthur’s spokesman announced that the fifth and seventh airforces will continue to attack Japanese supply lines and military installations throughout areas under MacArthur’s command. Radio Tokyo, broadcasting in English, announced' early today that the Japanese airforce had made a "daring al tack” on Okinawa at 9 p. m. Friday, Japanese time. The broadcast said, "war results are yet to come in.” Radio Tokyo also said Japanese forces in the Balikpapan area of southeast Borneo continued vigorous counterattacks today. “‘Death defying units penetrated deeply into enemy positions killing or wounding approximately 150 troops, blowing up two barracks and many trucks,” the enemy broadcast said. “An enemy airfield was also stormed.” Australian naval and air units combined to sink a trobp-laden enemy barge and a rivercraft near Kuching, on the west coasts Five other coastal vessels were destroyed in the Bandjermasin area, to the southeast. MacArthur’s headquarters announced that 147 Japanese vessels were destroyed or damaged during bombing and strafing operations on Wednesday and Thursday. A single seventh fleet mariner had a field day off Amoy, on the south China coast, on Thursday when it caught approximately 50 Japanese junks headed south. The plane bombed and straffed until all its ammunition was exhausted and reported it had heavily damaged or sunk many of the vessels. A navy Liberator, also flying alone, sank eight Japanese landing craft heading north from Tourane,

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Secretary Forrestal

Financial Report For Rural Schools Higher Balances In Township Schools Expenditures in the operation of the rural schools, including the high schools which come under township supervision, during the fiscal year ending August 1, totaled $269,884.56, t'he annual report of Lypian L. Hann, county superintendent of schools, discloses. The township school units ended the past school year in better financial shape than a year ago. Cash balances in all 'township school funds amounted to $102,716.17, compared to $137,175.62 a year ago. The total number of pupils enrolled in the grades and high schools was 2347, with an average daily attendance of 2097. The school units reduced w their bonded indebtedness from $68,675 to $58,975 during the last fiserl year. Only three townships have a bonded debt for schools. From local taxation levies the school units received $168,948.04, the largest .amount of revenue received from any source. Next in comparison was the amount of state aid from the gross income tax. which amounted to $104,861.09, during the fiscal year. The state contributed toward 86 teacher units in the county, while state school relief was extended to one township. Under the heading of expenditures, Mr. Hann shows in his report to Clement C. Malan, state superintendent of public instruction, that $142,682.94 was expended for instruction purposes. including teachers and principals salaries. Operational expense was $63,919.78; maintenance, $13,663.17; fixed charges, $4,116; auxiliary activities, $2,275.65: transfers, $18,356.29; debt service, $10,000; capital outlay. $14,870.73. Commenting on the report, Mr. Hann said: “Considering the cost of operating the schools only, the expenditure per enrolled pupil was $96.57 and $110.72 per pupil on the daily average attendance. Townships organized for grades 1 to 8, show a cost per enrolled pupil ranging from $58.61 to $124.16. The lowest cost is in the school having the largest enrollment,” he explained. “High school having only grades 9 to 12, show a cost per enrolled pupil ranging from $1.14 to $169.88 per pupil. Townships having grades 1 to 6, in the elementary schools show a cost per enrolled pupil from $60.63 to $87.36. In those high schools having grades 7 to 12, the cost per enrolled pupil rang<s from $131.04 to $147.11. Naturally a number of factors enter into the variation of cost per pupil,

Emperor, Government Subject On Surrender To Supreme Commander

5,000 On Strike At East Chicago Plant East Chicago, Aug. 11. —(UP) — More than 5,000 workers at the Inland Steel Corp’s East Chicago plant were on strike today in protest against lhe layoff of a union official for allegedly taking an unauthorized two-week’s vacation. The strikers, members of. Local 1010, United Steelworkers of America, CIO, walked out last night. Only . maintenance 'employees remained in the plant. o Soviet Russia Orders Troops Continue Fight Many Jap Soldiers , In Manchuria Are Reported Quitting London, Aug. 11—(UP)—Russia today ordered her far eastern armies, already more than 130 miles inside Manchuria, to smash on mercilessly against the Japanese despite their surrender offer. Radio Khaborovsk broadcast the following orders to the Red Banner armies some 20 hours after Japan announced her conditional acceptance of the PoTsdani ultimatum: “Men, forward to victory. Th® enemy must be smashed. Have no mercy. Your Fatherland orders that you carry out your duty.” Another Khabarovsk broadcast said many Japanese in Manchuria were surrendering without a fight, an almost unprecedented scene in •the Pacific war. In one action, the broadcast said, more Japanese were captured than killed. At least eight Soviet columns were driving into Manchuria from the east, north and west along a 3,000-mile front against little or no effective opposition. Russian gains of 12 to 105 miles toward the great railway hub, military center and industrial city of Harbin in central Manchuria were announced by Moscow for tihe past 24 hours. Radio Tokyo failed to broadcast a communique on the Russo- Japanese fighting today for the first time since the conflict began Wednesday midnight. It did announce, however, that martial law has been imposed on the Kwantung section —that section of Manchuria west of Korea—to' prevent “traitorous acts.” Tokyo also said a state of siege (Turn T o Page 3, Column 6) 0 i Cease Business In Decatur On V-J Day Industry, Retail Business To Cease Industry will close and retail business will cease in Decatur immediately following the announcement that the Japanese war is ended, a survey indicated this morning. • While no exact pattern has been fashioned locally, Carl C. Pumphrey of the retail group said that the stores would close when word was received that the Japs had surrendered. He stated that the stores would remain closed the following day. At the General Electric plant notices have been posted that that the factory will close when the word ■is flashed that the Japs are through. The planj will remain closed for the next two shifts, E. W. Lankenau, superintendent, stated. Other industrial plants are planning on closing at the time the surrender news is flashed to the world and remain closed the next day. .

War Contracts Are Cancelled By Army, Navy Swift Reaction To Japanese Offer To Surrender To Allies Washington, Aug. 11 —<(UP) — The army and navy, reacting swiftly to the Japanese surrender offer, today ordered war contract cancellations totalling almost $4,000,000,000 (B) That is only a fraction of the orders that will be cancelled when the war is officially ended. At the same time, the heavy flow of military freight on lhe railroads to the west was ordered curtailed. Other developments in the now acutely reconversion-conscious capital included: ital included: 1. The war production board was ready w.th a series of orders, for isuance within three days after V-J day .s jfficially.. proclaimed, lifting virtually all controls on production. 2. The war manpower commission was set with orders to drop all manpower controls immediately after peace is declared. 3. Sen. Joseph C. O’Mahoney, D., Wyo., proposed a five-point legislative program which he said was necessary to stimulate reconversion. 4. Director of war mobilization and reconversion John W. Snyder approved a master VJ-day reconversion plan drafted by WPB to avoid a chaotic scramble for material and equipment. Meanwhile, administration officials were frankly concerned with the greatly multiplied problems of reconversion that will be dumped in their laps with the sudden end ■of the Pacific war. There was a strong possibility that congress might be asked to cut short its vacation to take up the avalanching war-end problems. It is scheduled now to be away until Oct. 8. The great flood of war contract (Turn To Page 5. Column 5) 0 Tells Conditions In Concentration Camp Sgt. Arnold Martin Describes Conditions The gruesome conditions that prevailed in the Dachau. Germany, concentration camp, are described in a letter written by Sgt. Arnold Martin from Augsburg. Germany, to his mother, Mrs. Sarah Martin of route six. Sgt. Martin and other American soldiers made a trip to the scene and were escorted by a Polish guard through the place. There had been about 40.000 prisoners in the camp, housed in barracks with about 1,000 men each. The buildings, he said, were “about twice the width of our chicken house and 15 to 20 times that long.” The kitchens were set up to accommodate around 15,000 persons, whereas nearly three times that number had to be fed. “I guess they only got a piece of bread, about 300 grams for one meal, water eoup for another and coffee for another.” he commented. “The guide said that they put 300 men in a room about the size of our wood shed and garage. When they first came in they slept three and four in‘a bed, the size of a cot.” * “We then went to the place where they cremated them. I saw six furnaces and they could ere-, mate four men at a time in each furnace. It took 15 minutes per man. Did they cremate them alive? Yes. He said (the guide) (Turn To Page *• Column 8)

1 1ST Buy War Savings Bonds And Stamps

Price Four Cents.

Allied Reply Does Not Reject Japan's Plea For Emperor To Retain Sovereignty Washington, Aug. 11. —(UP) — The Pacific war allies today replied to Japan’s plea that Hirohito retain his sovereign prerogatives with a brusque statement that tho emperor and the Japanese government will be subject on surrender to the supreme commander of the victorious occupying powers. The emperor will be required immediately to order all Japanese armed forces to cease active operations and to give up their arms. This reply to Japan’s plea that Hirohito retain life position after the empire’s surrender was delivered by the United States in behalf of the other allies to the Swiss legation here at 9:30 a.m., CWT. The note is expected here to bring V-J day to victorious realization within a matter of days. It was the first intimation that the allies have agreed upon necessity of naming a supreme commander in the Pacific war theater —a policy which paid off big dividends in Europe. Well-informed persons here predicted that supreme command would be given to general of tho army Douglas MacArthur. The allied reply did not reject Japan’s plea for Emperor Hirohito. On the contrary, it explained how he and his prestige would be used to bring the Japanese war machlno to a dead stop. The note said that Hirohito would he required to “authorize and insure” the signatures of the Japanese government and the Japanese imperial headquarters for the carrying out of tho Potsdam ultimatum. Secretary of state James F. Byrnes signed the communication to Japan. He acted in behalf es the United Slates, Great Britain, the Soviet Union and China. In their communication the Allies reminded the Japanese that the Potsdam ultimatum assured hat the ultimate form of Japanese government would be established by “tha freely expressed will of the Japanese people.” If they vote for an emperor they evidently are to he permitted to have one. Byrnes’ note was delivered here to Max Grassli, charge d'affairs for Switzerland. Alwut half an hour later the state department made public the text. It is understood that special efforts will be made to hasten delivery of the note to Japan so that a decision —and possibly peace—may be had quickly. Japan was warned that the Potsdam ultimatum must be accepted and that the Allied powers will maintain armed forces in Japan until all its objectives are achieved —including establishment of a nonmilltaristic, democratic government among the aggressive little men. The key paragraph of the notd was as follows: “The emperor will be required to authorize and insure the signature by the government of Japan and the Japanese imperial headquarters of the surrender terms necessary to carry out the provisions of the Potsdam declaration, and shall issue his commands to all the Japanese military, naval and air authorities and to all forces under their control wherever located to ceaee active operations and to surrender their arms and to issue such other orders as the supreme commander may require to give effect to the surrender terms?’ In that language the Allies at least told Japan that the emperor and his prestige would be used to persuade Japanese men to stop fighting. A condition imposed upon Japan and to fulfillment of which the emperor will be compelled to lend his authority, is that immediately upon surrender all civilian and military prisoners shall be brought to safety where they can be taken aboard by Allied transports. The long years of waiting. Starving—and worse—are about over for those who survived. The note was framed as a reply to the Swiss government, which (Turn To Page 3, Column 1)