Decatur Daily Democrat, Volume 35, Number 270, Decatur, Adams County, 15 November 1937 — Page 13

nftemical Laboratories Point The Way

ligredient Check sp«t Part Os Work [Done By Chemists

Xjl i| frt > Direct Every h »p Protesß ‘ ng of Oil ng of Feeds ‘ "'O'Brict sl| l”‘ ivision 18 <"> '-very ete P of ell from soy ' nil 'at Illi- central Soya’ [hat its oil and soybean ' jh tn standard n>- ' W *Wjii°W ri f r '''' c ° M< Millell maintains a labor- ( , n t h P mixed feeds ir toa!t Bon tb'i qitait'y ~f ’>••• ingredch taißj ~yX »o into them. Kp dttt es of the laboratories !r * *Bbe cfessiii-d under three gennamely. (1) analytlr i: “‘ ■(2) ’’ ■"' ll developwort Tim analytical laboraMM it''!-<ls that are standlied to the smallest detail unC1 •■nnvaSins: conditions while the lan development labora>s cjK ma y jse the same methods vary th- conditions widely to u,lt » !■!]] g Blf. '-ent effect. I ABlytical Laboratory ('■’“tblhe Bytical laboratory is the ““ w |rol |£el ,ls Plant operation. 11 ,rf * lever [this control does not Well iajKj ter j F terms of volts and amhuiiti porcentages of pro‘ft fat, ib r and moisture. In the er«y step of the operation I'ttlfajK t |j e | me the beans are re--8 c ' : -fc Bred 31 the meal is bagged and rt M».K oil jjl Into tank cars, is sub1 to ftry close inspection by l ‘"d* laboratory. To have astr ’ [lose check on each operation is ’’■"aißlitniMt nportance to obtain the KlmtnJefllciency from each proI;5 Kn the feed mixing operation alis a very importrair. «■ control unit. Feeds are sold on *1 l>^| a minimum percentK of prltein and fat and a maxiwihfcn dUfiber. Any deviation from I g is penalized, there-! essary that a very be kept not only on :s p»K finlrted product but also on all going into the feed.. Jii -and every truck load coming into the plant' - [painstakingly analyzed both as' I specifi< content and general: ■silty. It the course of the day ( ■terlals from such widely separ■d pl£e- as Alaska, the South ( the Atlantic Coast pass r faferagh t[he analyst’s hands. Sarf'om Alaska, copra from* ■ Sea Islands, and fish Ir I*' W ll the Atlantic are com(ijjß ingrpdients of our feeds. Of' greater number of inakt' fcdiehtg, are drawn from the ■ sugar and soya plants.; ’atilt < " ni processors, dairies stall Pa*nc plants of the Mid-west! St “aeS must in turn pass the suplaboratory inspection. Laboratory '■ s4 'Bs ■• s, ‘ ari ’’ 1111,1 development njftl ■watijih duties are two-fold as ■ ;H | nan; would indicate. First of with any tcchI’ljßblems that arise in plant i * | ri W- All such problems are the laboratory where carefully analyzed for research department Iji■ a hto®o |l 'mnally working to imi»’l| )ve W e efficiency of plant oper;ipjt second place it is inresearch to the extent ■" ■ tin^g '"' w an, l more valuable products and by-pro-[Manyjexperiments are carried [i on 1 semi-plant scale until the [ ,t) leMis developed to the stage t r \?I' ip| " at, d Profitable plant is applicable. In the labfrtofOiimh development work is not only on processes [d in the Central Soya Co. plant 1* *jjH oll Protases employed by f" plants that use its products as l raw materials so that g‘ J customer's problems may be I 8 ™r l)re Intelligently. main products from millW* ans are °*' meal and ■udejßjy bean oil. The meal is r r 'd IftJnaking high protein feeds, I I of t * re Problems of prop--1 f *®l Ulation of these mixed I jf' handled by this laboracrude oil is sold as such lots to refiners and users. A great deal of t' r *W s been dolle 011 improving f" , lßi , y of the oil as well as r" r Whlng and the removal of BMfcde material from the oil. I T . ’®* ide ' s P read Interest I‘heltict that there is a great inf! 9 *^ 11 soybean products at the f' ■’’■time is shown by the many Ir 1111 kl for s P ecial samples from I eß W ii anc i engineehs who are RBpis in their individual research and develop are responsible for the I * ou of t^lese special sam-

NEW PLASTICS ARE RESULTS OF SOY BEANS Many Varied Products Being Manufactured From Oilmeal Many are familiar with a few applications of plastic materials—perhaps a molded closure, a cigarette holder or a laminated instrument panel in an airplane. It is difficult to conceive of the millions of products and applications into which the more than 1,500 plastic mater-' ials are now going. Nearly 300 plastic materials and resinous products were developed during the depression. The applications of plastic materials include artificial hands, legs and replacement for bones; fifty parts alone In the electrical equipment in the automobile; twice as many in the electrical systems of airplanes; a large number in the telephone industry; hundreds in the closure field; and literally thousands of items in the electrical manufacturing industries. Plastic materials recently have invaded the building industry, office and home equipment fields, apd even last year, the Christinas tree ornament market. Many of these plastics are now being made from soy bean oilmeal. When great resistance to moisture or high dielectric strength lability to withstand the Impress of electric voltage) is desired, resins are produced by the simultaneous i condensation of proteins and phen- . ol or urea with formaldehyde in the presence of cellulose and carbohy- ' drates. The production of moulding plas-1 tic from soy beau meal is based on j the ability of the protein to react i with formaldehyde to produce a I thermoplastic resin. Many such resins are now being produced from soy bean meal. No difficulty lof material nature has been enI countered in the process of manuI facture. (Chicago Journal of Commerce) pies as well as any cooperative laboratory work which may arise from an examination of these products. The duties of the research and development laboratory may thus be listed under three different headings: first, the solving of technical problems which arise in plant operation and the Improvement of plant efficiency; second the development of new uses for the products and by-products of the plant; third, the keeping abreast of the new developments in the soybean industry so' as to be of assistance in putting new manufacturing pro-.' cesses into practice in our plant. ■

UU3OC3 111 LU pi ac tive Hl v»ui ..v- . Research Laboratory of Soya Company Is Important Factor I ■ I f ■ .. » r j; ftfjt - : / V nJfS'Bi BSK F Til Win t M ■ ■ ■*' x M RE# 1 y&s- i > I s Im r wgfe 'WBB Q Ji '. 71 reSadife"- fe. One section of the research laboratory where chemists ave constantly seeking new uses and new methods for developing soy products.

DECATUR DAILY DEMOCRAT MONDAY, NOVEMBER 15, 1937. '

Chemists At Work In Laboratory i ■ --T < I iltii w Hr ■ Every step in processing is carefully checked by a large corps of chemists who are constantly on duty. Farm Laboratories I Program of Practical Sugar Beet and Soy Bean Farming and Livestock Feeding Being Carried On By McMillen Industries

One of the most important cogs' in the far reaching agricultural and feeding program of the Central Sugar company, the Central Soya company and the McMillen Feed Mills is the 500-acre Central Stock farm where many feeding ’ experiments, which are proving valuable to farmers in this territory, are being conducted. Now in its second year of operation, the large tract of land, stock ed with cattle, hogs and sheep, is proving itself through the feeding ' to the animals of Master Mix feeds. All is done on a practical basis. The tract was formerly the Fonner Stock farm, one of the show places in this section of the country, and now the program that is being conducted on its acres is “showing" what and what not to feed stock. Just how well the feeding of con- , centrates and home grains Is working out is illustrated by the fact that on August 2 .the farm sold 55 head of cattle for sl6 a hundredI weight, top price then. At the present time the faint is stocked with 125 Hereford whiteI faces, and 47 head of grade shortI horn heifers, purchased for the establishment of a shorthorn herd for production of baity beef. A purebred shorthorn bull has Deen secured to head the herd, and calving is expected to start, in February. Under the direction of the farm manager, Glen Beachler. a beginning Is being made for the foundation of a herd of milking shorthorns. This type of milker is well adapted to all conditions, and produces about 50 pounds of milk daily, with a little more than four per cent butter fat content. One of the features of this type herd, it is pointed out, is that the bull calves can be steered for feeding. Mr. Beachler is considered one of the country’s foremost authorities on milking shorthorns. He is a director of the Shorthorn Breeders' Association of America, and is constantly called on to judge this breed of cattle. He judged the milking cattle at both the Indiana and I Michigan State fairs this fall, and I has served as a judge at the Chica-

'go International Livestock show. Besides cattle, the farm keeps from 12 to 15 brood sows producing i two litteres a year* These too. are fed on the home grains and concentrates. Feed Beet Ensilage One of the unique and practical experiments conducted on the farm, and one which is proving very suc- ' cessful, is use of an ensilage which has been made from corn fodder and beet tops, that part of the sugar beet which is usually wasted by farmers. All the large silos on the ' Central Stock farm are filled with ; two parts of beet tops and one part . of dry corn fodder. This is a departure from the us- ' ual ensilage, but its use has proven ! it to be fully equal to regular ensilage. while at the same time a very i cheap feed. It is fed to all classes j of livestock on the farm. Beet tops also form part of the diet of 1,500 feeding lambs on the ■ farm. These lambs are being fattened on beet tops and pasture only as I a part of the Central Stock farm ' program this fall. So far excellent results are being shown. A comparison will be made between three types of feeding lambs . . . the Texas lambs, Northwestern Whitefaces, and Northwestern Blackfaces. This entire farm, complete with its substantial livestock barns and other buildings, is handled by a half dozen regularly employed men, with extras to help in the rush seasons. The company also owns two or three farms in each company field man's dsitrict. These are operated as experimental and demonstration farms for the benefit of sugar beet and soy bean growers. The farms are used to a great extent for beet fertilizer tests, soy bean variety tests and other crop experiments. In this program Mr. McMillen is attempting to do for agriculture what his laboratories are. doing for his plants; searching tor better and more profitable operations under actual farming conditions.

BEET SEEDS NOW RAISED IN AMERICA Previously Nearly All Mas Imported From European Countries • Since starting to grow sugar beets In the Decatur again in 1933, growers havs* planted more than 500 tons of sugar beet seed. All of this great quantity of seed has been brought in by the Company from five or six of the principal beet seed producing firms of] Europe. The sugar beet, as we know it' today, and the great industry built! up around this plant date back to; two men: Marggrar,'who discovered the presence of sugar in the ( beet, and Achard, his student, who carried on the work of creating a beet sugar industry. Achard fully realized that the future of the industry depended on the development and breeding of better beets containing more sugar. With the assistance of Koppy, another pioneer in the develop ment of the industry, the white I Silesian sugar beet was developed, (which was to become the source 1 of the mother stock of most of the I sugar beets in the world. Along with the development of i 'the beet sugar industry In Europe! in the early part of the nineteenth | century there grew up a sugar beet seed industry. Starting with the white Silesian beet of Achard i and Koppy containing 6 to 8% sugar, plant breeders over the last i ceijtury have developed the pres- \ ent strains of commercial sugar beet seed containing from 14 to 18% sugar. The U. S. beet sugar industry until recently has imported practically all of its beet seed — approximately 15,000,000 pounds annually. Within the last few years, however, a beet seed industry has sprung up in Arizona, New Mexi-: co, California, Nevada, and Utah.! which now promises to supply : I possibly one-third of the beet seed I ' used in this country. . There is little doubt but what I superior strains of seed may be I produced by this domestic Indus- ' ' try. Already much progress has ■ ' been made in developing strains l resistant to leafspot, or blight,! , i and to curly top. Beet growers in ’! this country may reasonably ex-1 poet that improved beet seed will (I , be available soon for their use. The main lines of development 1 , l in this new domestic seed Industry ’ ’are: (1) selection work to produce strains resistant to disease, ■ (2) production of inbred lines for hybridization to secure crosses of 1 i increased vigor. ' FARMER FINDS HIS BEET TOPS : OF MUCH VALUE 1 I Dairy Herd (Jives More Milk On Tops And Sil- , age Than Other Feed ' In commenting on the value of,, ! beet tops in feeding cattle Edward I ! Luchtman has this to say: , .' “I am a general farmer raising ( wheat, corn, oats, beets and pota-1, toes, and keep about fifteen head l ■ of milk cows. My rotation is alfal-j fa plowed under in the fall for beets, oats followed beets which gives a very good yield. Alfalfa is i put in with the oats. I put about j all the beet tops from twelve acres | in the silo mixing corn stover after breaking out the ears with the' beet tops. I put two loads of corn! stocks with one load of beet tops, j “My herd will produce more milk ; on a mixture of beet tops and corn . silage than on any feeds I have tried. By following this practice, it saves me about seven acres of corn every year. This saves me, taking the average price paid for) corn, around $175.00 a year on sev-j en acres." o — Over 400,000 Sq. Feet In Plant Os Feed Mdl Dwarfed in height by the near ! by bean storage silos and the soy bean processing plants, the feed .mixing plant of McMillen Feed Mills appears small. Actually it isn't. The building is 270 feet long, 150 feet wide and has well over 400.000 square feet of space which houses ’conveyors and mixing equipment of the most modern de- , sign. 1

Preparation r Part of the coal stored at the I Central Sugar Co. for making steam i and power. FARMERS GET 50 PER GENT New Contracts Result In Equitable Division Os Sugar Co. Proceeds With the rehabilitation of the beet sugar industry in Decatur in 1933, a new type of contract was adopted for the Decatur area. This contract is known as the 50-50 Cooperative Contract. Under this contract the farmer grows the beet crop and delivers it to the factory yards at Decatur. The Sugar Company processes the beets into sugar, pulp, and molasses, and markets these products. The net returns received from the sale of the products is then divided 50-50 between the Company and the grower. Under such a contract the sugar , beet grower shares in whatever ! profit might be made due to favorable sugar prices and is assured of receiving his share of the returns produced by the sugar beet crop. Sugar- beet growers feel that this is an exceptionally satisfactory type of contract under which to grow farm crops. Many say if all farm crops could be marketed in some manner similar to sugar beets whereby the grower would receive his fair share of the money paid by the consumer for the products manufactured from the farmer's crop, many of the present ills of agriculture would be cured. Under this type of contract there has been constantly maintained a splendid cooperation between the Sugar Company and the Sugar Beet Growers. Directors of the Beet Growers Association and officials of the Sugar Company meet together at least four times each year to discuss their mutual problems. The terms of the sugar beet contract are approved each year by the Beet Growers Association before the contract is offered to the growers by the Company's fieldmen; likewise, the labor contract covering the hand labor on the beet crop is discussed and agreed upon at a joint meeting of the Growers Association and the Company. In fact, all problems relative to the growing of the sugar beet crop, such as seed and fertilizer, cultivation. hand labor, harvesting, and delivery of crop, are worked out cooperatively by the growers and Company.

■ ■ ! Part Os The Extensive Water System t .A,, L j I 5 Water is used for conveying beets from tile storage yards Io the 1 sugar refinery. Here is shown part of the pumping line where water Is 1 drawn from the St. Mary’s River. 1

Expert Laboratory Maintains Checks On Sugar Process

CHOICE OF NAME FOR SOY BEANS CAUSED WORRY I Chinese, Japanese And ; Europeans Sniggled With Proper Terminology In a recent article the Chicago ; Journal of Commerce makes the , i following interesting comment on > the etymology of the words “soy ; ( bean." The early Chinese used a word 1 ( pronounced shi for the salted beans | and yu for oil used as a condiment. I, Later writers applied the term shl- , yu to the plant and the untreated , beans. Outside of Manchuria the • term became shi-yau. In the fifteenth century, James Ovington, I . who made an extended journey on 1 1 the Surratt, wrote essays in which ' , he said “the souy is the choicest’ ; of ail sawces.” But the term souy ’ persisted for years In the western 1 , world. The Japanese, however, use a term pronounced soy and shoy, both being colloquial forms of sho-you and segau-yu. And among the Hindus the term is soya and sowa, long o's and a’s. The name in the i Swedish, Danish and German lan- ’, guages has long been soi. Linnaeus, the first botanist to ■ make a scientific study of the leg- . umes, applied the Latin term legt ummlnosae for the extensive order! . of plants consisting of about 1,000 ’. different types of herbaceous | plants, shrubs and trees. The mem-’ bers of this family range all the' j way from the nitta tree, which j ( grows to a heigir. of 200 feet in' ( South Africa, to the small wild in-! | digo plant of this country. Linnaeus applied the Greek word glycine, meaning sweet, to all the ' ground-nut species of legumes and, 1 since the soy bean had the largest , nodules on the roots, called is glycine max but did not consider the soy bean a distinct genus. Years later, Moench determined that the > soy bean was a distinct genus and 1 called it soja hispida. Latter auth- > orities have shown a preference , for soja max and this term has come to be accepted. Many have contended that the 1 soy bean was the same as the cow pea. Botanists classify in the fam- ’ ily of legumes as a separate genus the cow pea group, which consists , e of cow peas, lima beans, Japanese clover, velvet beans, beggarweed, 1 frieze, and Scotch clover. In this country the soy bean has 1 been colloquially known as soja, ! soga, soya, coffee bean and coffee : < berry. The publications of the de- 1 partments of agriculture use the f term soybean, but it would seem 1 that the accepted practice of sep- 1 arating the terms, as in kidney 1 beans, navy beans, etc., should be 1 followed in the case of the soy: • bean. (Chicago Journal of Commerce) 1

PAGE FIVE

Crew of Chemiata Eternally Vigilant to Keep High Quality of Cryatal White Sugar To maintain the high quality and purity of Sparkling Crystal White Sugar at all times, the Central Sugar Co. employs an extensive laboratory force which keeps a continual check on every stage of the refining process. During the operating season the laboratory staff is actively engaged, twenty-four hours per day, on three eight hour shifts, collecting and analyzing samples hourly, more frequently if necessary, from every process. The beets entering the factory, after being washed, are Weighed over an automatic scale and then analyzed for their sugar content. The amount of sugar entering the factory is computed from the weight of beets and sugar percent. This total sugar entering is charg- ■>« ed against the sugar house, and has to be accounted for, therefore, it becomes necessary to analyze all by products for their sugar content and compute losses from data thus obtained. The supervision stresses the importance of keeping losses in the by products at a minimum in order that maximum pounds of sugar per i ton of beets sliced may be extracted. The laboratory keeps an elaborate accounting system of all process data. The data, entering into the accounts are taken from lab- ' oratory analytical results and fao tory station reports. A daily record I is kept of such materials as coal, coke, limestone, sulphur, decolorizing carbon, soda ash and filter aid. In reporting the foregoing materials the amount and ‘Percent on beets’ are shown. Once each week, during the operating season, an Inventory ia taken of all process materials, and a sugar balance is made up to show what extraction has been obtained. All tanks and boiling equipment is calibrated so that amount therein can be readily estimated. The sugar balance has the same important place in a sugar factory that a financial statement has in industry. Each strike or batch of sugar, consisting of approximately 400— 100 pound bags is carefully graded for color and grain size. Many tests are made daily upon the finished product in the interest of the consumer. This practice is the consumers assurance that Sparkling Crystal White Sugar is of the highest quality obtainable and suitable for anything in which sugar is required. Bacterial counts are made upon the granulated sugar which enable the Central Sugar Co. to guarantee Its sugar to meet the specifications of the National Canners’ Association. In addition to the regular sugar factory control, coal coke and limestone samples are analyzed- Soil samples, submitted by our beet growers, are analyzed at no cost to the growers. During the spring and fall seasons, at which time fertilizer is being made, raw fertilizer materials, along with daily samples of mixed goods are analyzed. The laboratory In any process plant is maintained for the benefit of the consumer. Analytical control is the consumers guarantee of high quality. Beet Slicing Operation Shows Tons Handled To convert beets Into sugar the first step after they have been washed and cleaned is to slice them. Last year 75,734 tons of beets were sliced to make Sparkling Crystal White Sugar at the Central Sugar Co. refinery. This season the total will be comparable. During the past five season 388,700 tons of beets have been sliced tor the making of sugar. This means that 76,480 truck loads of beets have been delivered to Hie plant during that time. If this were reduced to freight car loads the total would be 11,107 cars.