Crawfordsville Weekly Journal, Crawfordsville, Montgomery County, 2 June 1888 — Page 5

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of ('liiiucfllorsvillo Milj, isc,:!.

PENETRABLE THICKETS.

|cross the Rapjialiaiinook tlio Rapulan.

I W III I IV I lit! ihI I ll* |lJ.r..o I).-:itli

VrARRlN

Uir£PnLRQH\

KAN6HO!

ROOHWUt

HU*»0*0

rroMtrrot.w

and

I III'ltKilll's (ill-Ill MllVfllienl I nine Uiyiil—irl le«.' of Maj. I'cter rn|iit Captures Muije'* Hill •1 -Uiu-K-

CtllJW i'k'h

|M ,.A,v

|!'htt batik* :j|" Chniicellorsville, V:!., Was Lilll. M:iy I. 2. Ulid I, 1SIwj, be{ ween the Miy «»T tin* Potomac, (int. Hooker nnmlii and lit** *on!cd« rut" Army «f tln-ru Virginia. Hooker's corps c»mimIcix folho\.»: First. corps, Maj. «I. F. Reynolds Si eond, Maj. Gen. |N. C*tnir-h Third, Ma.i. G-n, it. K. Sickles ti, M.ij. 'it ii, G. t'. Meade, Siit.li, Maj.

Ii ,1. Sedgwick Klevenlh, M:ij. I it'll. O. ward Twel!tli, Maj. »cn. 11. W Sl»cuni. Alfred

PIcumNITON

*a\

was at the

airy.

I OF

ji. Lee had around him hN tcoin-..d-is—"Stonewall*' Jackson, J. K. B. art, R. K. Rhodes, A. I'. iiiil and Jubal Karly. On both sides they are the names lihar to those who have followed these •s. Tho battle of Chaneellorsvillu rood unfavorably t*i the Union arms. Tho tin is properly divided into two parts— taround the villa of Chameilorsvillo |1 that at Fredericksburg. Here tho old •und was fought over again. 11 wi iter the Army of the Potomac had qui'-l in camp at. Stafford Hills, on tho hank of the KappahaiiN'M-k, npposito-• 'deri'-ksburg, jiibt where th«» dcsicrato lit? of 1 iccember had left. them. Hooker's ctiyo lighting force in tin* spring amountto 1 i: ,um men, of whom 11,000 wvro .•dry. I,«••• had about »'•.•»,000 men, mnong ni JJ.ooo cuvalry. I/»-forces consisted of kson's corps and part.of Longstreet 's corps, er Lafayette McLaw««, besides tin* cavalry ,T .J. K. B. Stuart, and tuu artillery ,'S-

Ve wns a master »f th'-art of fortifying, ^thoroughly had ho put into a state uf lehis side of the Rappahannock. For forty miles along that river its right bristled with fortifications and guards. ,v consulting the accompanying map the er will get a clear idea of the country it (.'haneetlorsville. It wa. extremely cult for an army to penetrate this region, lense were the thickets that, the approach tin army could not. he mvii through them.

Hooker was a man of line soldierly eiiec, very popular with boththo army le field and the civilians at home. He an enthusiastic, even impatiwnt, man, «'.»•!red l'» strike a hiow which should |if\ I he conlidence felt in him. H" was ., iy

veallt«l

"l-'ightinj )w Ho.iker,"

:i as 'sprin^ «pcm:tl he ]rcparcd reat battle. Ik* was the more anxious i\vjio\er aiMhe tonu of M»rvicv lar^e iuui:k'r of his men would soon ex-

Thcse were the months'anil the rs' .soldiers. Hif» troop-, vwre in ma^» i:l c.»ihlitiou. (.Jon. Ik-'ker h:n ^elf ii had "the finest, army upon the (o.'ij. .Sherman, hib ]a}mr in The '::i y. savs that the fate of jhe war -deled ,,n tii.j Army of the Potomac.

t.VtlXM

MAMAS*

riTt.RSplU*&

AUoi.'M Oil ANCKM.OUSVII.I.K. lie nrmr hMndipiartvrs wen at Kalmoutb, piai^ on the left hank of Uif HnppalmnopjMisit*? Frtnleriekshurff. All the win|lo»ker had l»e*-n planning his campaign. Ijihin s«Mnd»*l well. (ren. (n'cr^t* SUmewith lo,cavalry, was to htart two in advance of th» mtiin movemont, Is tho river alMve fortification, at lipjM-r ford^of the Rappahannock. Imker ear)et?t»sl jjreat things from this •dry movement, which is known in tin* I history ax Ktoneman'rt Itxid. The object commanding RonoraJ of the Army of |l'otomac wa.- at last what it should liavo from the first, the capture, not of KichId, but «f army. Kor this purjos»i liernan. with his cavalry, wis to make a lent ujton communications with lir.iond. destroy railroads and telegraphs lent off the Confederate army supilies. ItTi^'tualiy do this tho cavalry was sejviII intotwo columns, one under Averell, Jither under Ihiford. They were to work lillerent points, and then, after their task lacconiptishcfl, come top'ther auain in liis si

(KN. UnnKICll.

|larass the enemy day and night, on the li ami in the camp, unceasingly. If you ot cut «»ir from his column large slices, sot fail to take small ones. Let your J-hwo'rd be Fight! and let all your orders light:" Vril 1-J Stoneman moved out. on his raid, lit appeared as if fate itself set to work jwart lbioker's plans in the Chancellorscamimitrn. Tue swing rains, wbicb

Foomed to have eeqwd, set in af^nin tremendously, and soon the wh'.ie c«»untrv was und.T waier. Stoneman was tlclaved Ky tho nitui ajid impas'.:d»le fonl^ until April I5y that, time llo ^rs. impat ienct.' would allow him to wait longer, and he ^rive onler.s to move tin? whole army—cnvalry, infantry ami ail over together. Thu-. Stoneman's work was interfered with by the commanding p»neral's h:»ie, lor by the time the cavalry I commander uas fairlv at his task the battle ol' l'haiic.M!::svjllo nnd In -n fought and

Iositaud the Union army was ov^r on the left bank of the Kappahannock at Kalmouth:

HCCKER'S INITIAL MOVEMENT.

llooWsnmijiwas in plain !*ij ht. of

Hooker*.- army passed the Papidan by two fords, The Fifth corp- crossed at Kh's f»»rl, nnd the Klevenlh and TwelMh corjw at tiermania ford, ten miles above «'ii"e nefoy the army, except Stoneman's cavalry, net -ut for ('hancellorsN ille. Hv the evening of April JVI, four corps (Jen. Hoiker were at Chancelloi*sville, and rtsady for li^ht.

Hoi'lo r'- hief engineer *\a?« Urn. (louver-

the Union

neur KembV Warren. a

gallant

after tiv Vie spoken of. Warren was born in New was terminated at Wc! employee 1 in go\eminent

Confederate cavalry, under

Fit/.

soMknts

offi

cer and a highly distinguishin his

brarudi

the military profession.

HU skill

uml «s»nrn^e

wereof

preat alue during lie four days' ll^ht. ini at ('hnii'.'elloi-s-viIJe.espt eially dur* inir tho disastrous rout of the Kl»-v-entb corps, hcreouverneur Kembl«»

York in l^io. anl oint lisod. lie was surveying w-trk in

the west, /'.nd M.'Ut h. particularly alon-^ the route of the Ka» li-* r.*».! v. a v. until 1S.7.'. Then fortwo years he was fissistaut professor of mathematics at West l'oint. Jn 1n51 heenU'r»xl active service, and from the hcjximiin£ till tie- ,inl

(»f

the war he was in tho

hard oMhe army of the east. His talents as topographical eujnneer. ^'ell as •ttidier, .rlv attracted attenti»ui, and when (Jen. Hoo, was raiM-I to the command of the Anny of• the Potomac., Warren became its chief engineer. I Miring tins Inst year of the war (Jen. Wunvu wu* in charge at Poter*burjr. Th:s brave and accomplished officer di^l i:i ls-. I-'t.-w of tiiosc v.'ho took promi"nent pari in the exciting scenes from 1H51 to l«»Ti h*i ii ed t" be old.

W. H. K.

Itu^h l.ec, aii'l "infantry,

Anderson,

had b«vn

and

under

iu.-tnu

uv»j»er

the

evening

Stuart,

ted to watch tho

fords of the Rappahannock, to prevent tiie

Federals crossing

in that direction.

Lw's

wore

was

Ik'ch

crossing.

Stuart di.scoverel the crossing of Ibioker's army t.H.» late to stop it^« progress. He. howe.ver, N'".it W IJ. K. Jsxt against Stoneman, and ordered Kiu Hu^h leo to keep betwoon the (.%» ifeleratc main army and tlit* advancing Union coLimus uudur Sloeum. Willi Fiti' 1 e«,'*s bri^ad«, Stuart himsdf made a rapid march to a [Knnt called Todd's Tavern. Then* he let. the exhausted brigade, and rode oir to Fredericksburg tell (i«n. it. li. Iys- what had happened.

part of lien

Hooker's

vrtnin

tho

plan had

KappalHt.ni'ock.

largely inter

sup-

ar of Lee's nrmr. Cutting oir wouhl necessarily cauw* Lee tt llericksbnrg and fall back toward Id. There Stoneman's cavalry was to inl'pt. him. worry him ami tlet: in him, Jug Hooker a chance to get in his work lithe main Union army. Hooker charged liernan as follows:

flVO

Kicli-

Wn*n

til' Shu-umV tlirisijifc

to attack wero Shxuim's and Howard's corps, Svkex', Hancock's, (irifiln's, llmnplireys' and French's divisions. Ahead oi each column went a detachment of cavalry.

of April word was sent

toJ.

cavalry commander, that

Military critics a^rain cen-ure Hooker here for hi:-plan of battle. An advancing army S4»parated into conver^inj^ columns can be be.iten by at l-nckin^ t4ie dift'ercnt line,soni» at a time. Hooker's army found the greatest diffi«Milty in accomplishing anything, owin^ t^ the impenetrable thickets. "It was worv* than ll htinK in a dense top," says (Jen. UoubltNlav.

Iflk

Tav,

who hiv on. the hei^ht« of Fredcricksbur^,-ftppor-ite. It would he neeessiirv tt» move: with the utmost caution, therefore, in order. to mi leid him. line division of the Army of the iV:-.!:iao H'oii' h'si wa therefore left in campat i'almouth. Three orpsw. rcs» nt down the river twenty mile* below Kred-' eric} sb.u under (Jen. ttedi vuek to make feint of ero'.Miij there. Ttiis wouhl draw th«i ('onf»'it«* avmy in iiu-reased numbers thither and conceal the main crossing, which

for

to march down

after

crossing,

ford and take possession

to Hanks'

welve miles

the foj-d

whm

iVrseyS mid

once »f SktcnmV host.

it. This ford

nearer

Kn «.lerickshur^

han

where Hooker's

rro^e»l.

tn»opi

Hanks' ford

IkuI

wax

defended

Mahone's brij aIe«

Anderson'^

divisions. Thes*» brij atiis, men, fell back toward

Uhancelhirsvillo

on the appear-

(Jen. William Mnhone served his nativo st.ate ttf Virginian* a Unit««d Statts ^nator, indrjH'ntleiit in jnilitios, from 1 s], to March, 1.SST. lie xvas boru

nt SiMithampton, Va., in IS^T, and was ad at from tie- Virginia Military «cndemy in 1^17 He became a civil engineer bv profession, tuid at various times in his life has

ested in lailt'fil JI«»rose to the rank of major general in tin' Gonfeiierate nrmy. Gen. .Mahono is of small stature mm nruiinnt intellect.

KN. MU'iXK.

Gen. J/'c had been taken bv surprise by HK)ker's crowing at- the up^T fords. Ho sharply reprimanded Anderson for not keeping a stricter lookout, and wrote to him, April "1 have just received reliable intelligence that the. enemy has ero.-si'd the river in force. Why have you not kept me informed.- Iweh to rce you at my headquarters at once."

This dispatch was captured br the Union cavalry. 1'he Union troops pressing on more and i.tore closely. Anderson's brigade fell back once more, from iiancelhirsville to Tabernacle Church, and immediately began to fortify th t. jvosition.

Such was the situation on the afternoon of April'W. It was just at this point that military critics say Hooker made a fatal mistake. He'shonld have flushed on to tho attack that very evening, while unlv apart of Anderson's division was near him and Hit4 rt*enforcemcnts Lee wn.i hurrying forward had not conn.' up. Hooker had -h».(NK) men aL (Tianceliorsville, and Sickles, with IS,000 more, was within easy reach. All these troops were fresh and ready for tight.

But Hooter waited till next dav to attack, ami all that night Anderson wits busily fortifying his |osition at Tabernacle Church and iV'o was hurrying iorward his re-en forceincuts, knowing it to le life oj- death

FIGHT OF MAY 1.

At 11 o'clock. May 1, Hooker started out to attack Lee, and bvthnttinv? Lee was ready for him. Ibv.ker had expected to move on l^e's lef Hank, crush him nnd speedily gain a victory. By o'clock a. in. of May 1 Leo hat! McLaws and Stonewall Jackson ready for battle. Jackson's corps included tho divisions of A. P. Hill, n«*los and 'olston.

Hooker moved forward to attack

Iah?

fo«*r columns. The trooj« that marched out

If Hooker had pushed forward a single hour longer on the nijjht of April .'Wl he would have piined an tijK'n spac»' in which to tight his great a 11 I e. Hut he «topioid just short of that, and his "convergent* lines*'

AR,,

VvVm*\ /'TK

TtSWSpi WISS"

OKN. JOHN \V. OKAUY.

was ni,-id** wenty-seven miles above Kre»Itrricksbur^, at I\»-lly's Kortl. Kour corps under (Jvn.

S1»k-uih

went, up the nve.r to Kelly's

Kord. l«y referring to the map the reader will notice where the Ihipidan river empties into the Happaliauiio«'k. Theliit nauwl river is variously called the Kapida::. the I^jiid Anna ami the Kapid Ann. Kelly's Kord was above the mouth "f the Kapidau. »S that in order to reach l^''s army the Union force was obliged to cross t:«»ld, sv\«»ll»*n rivers —jir-t the Hap]»/ihanno"k, then the Itapidnn. 'i'her cross.«l the b)* pontoon bridges. Tiie latter thev forded, the men wading breast deep jn tiie water.

wore cooped up in a hole in tlu: thicket about Chnuccllorsvillc. The roads from Chaneelh»rsvlll» towar«l Fred* riekburg run slightly north of eastward. Along these Hooker's column* moved, facing eastward, towaid the Iiappahaunt.ick ami Fredericksburg. the map the situation will lie s«ern. Hanks5 ford wiei one uf Hooker'* tibjiH-tive point.-.

Bravely the four columns moved out. Slocuin's column was on the right, and nearest Fredericksburg. Sykes was next, while part of Meade's corps occupied the left, and followed what was called the river road, leading to llunkvford. French's col* limn had been sent flirt her sou? h.so thatSyke«' column was t»Ik* regarde«l as the center. The left and right advanced several miles along I their forwar«l routo without meeting an 1 enemy. l'ut,a mile out from Chancellorsville, Sykes' cavalry encounteittl th»m Confitlerate advance. It was apart of Mahone's briga«le. and here the first gun of the battle of Chaneellorsville was tire»i. Svkrs- cavalry was tlriven bierk to the main line.

Sykes still pressed on till he had advanced two miles and a half wist of Chancellorsvillo. There he met JleJ/iws" and Amlerson'ji (.'onfederate divisions and part of I{od»«' di vision. The roads toward Fredcrickslmrg spread apart here, nnd Sykes was in advance

the worst. Th« (V.nfciltirates llnnkcd him Syk«*stlu*n fell lmck behind Hum-in k's division, which was immedniUly in his rear. Hancock advHiieed b» the front. P»y this time Slocum had come up, and immediately formed on the right. Slocuin's right held a commanding position on high ground. By that time, too, the Federal left had advanced till it was in tight of Banks' ford and the Kjippahnmi'ick.

But exactly at this point, with Hanctx-k and Slocum ready for tight, and the left in sight of tho river, (.Jen. Hooker, in npjosition to the wi*h of every one of his generals, gave the order that the columns should retreat back to tho positions they luvd occupied before setting out. He determined to wait Lee's attack instead of attacking him, assuming the defensive instead of the offensive, with which ho hud set out, thus reversing his tactics in the face of the eMeniv. JJc gave as the chief reason for this that, his army hud to c«»:nc in narrow columns through the forest road, while li"'\ With full line of battle, was advancing in the clearing to meet. him. "I was apprehensive of being whipped in tietail," said lboker afterward. So night found the Union army back at Chaneellorsville.

But his chief engineer, (Jen. G, K. Warren, testified:

4,Thc

K, 11.

advantages of the initiative

in a wooded country like this, obscuring all movements, are incalculable, and so far we had improved iheni." Warren also thought the ridge occupied by Hancock when the order to retreat was given, was a coniinanding position for the olfeiuivc. But the order to retreat was given there was nothing to do but obey it.

A brigade of Gen. RoN-rt E. Rodes1 Confederate division wus among those that met. and fought the advancing Union eohimiib on that 1st of May. (Jeu. Bodes dis tinguished himself personally at('hanodlorsville.

Kol*Tt E. Bodes was a citizen of Alnliania when the war began, though a nativ« of Virginia. He was a graduate of theVjrginia Military iiifcti- s. .\. lute of the class of lS4ij. Iu 1 S»1 he was nrufess-»r of applied mechanics in that school, it is to be observed that at the commence- 1 moiit of the war l#oth Jiodes ami Stonewall Jackson were professor* in the Virginia .Military institute. Both took the field for tho Confederacy, both rose to he distinguish^ generals, both t«n»k important part in the tight of Uhancv!lor*ville, ami both v.vrc killed in battle, Jackson at Cbanceilorsville andHtnl»»sat Winchester in the autumn of !**»-}. At the battle of Chaneellorsville Itodes, still a brigadier general, iMiMinmulM 1). H. Hill's tlivision. ll w^as Hodcs* division that finally broke the Union line at Uhancellorsvilln. "It was hi« gallnnt charge with his elariou shout: 'F«»rward men! over friend or foe.' that broke he enemy's Sine.''

Jackson saw tins gallant charge and said: '(«en. Bodes, your commission us major general shall date from the L'dof Mav.M A little while after that Jackson himself was mortally. wounded

MAY 2.

On the morning of May tho Union urmv occupied around Chaneellorsville what Gen. Donbleday describes a "a plain covertM by dense thickets," with clearings in front of the few houses. South of them were the of Fairview ami Hazel Grove. The latter was an important strategic position. These hills terminated in a deep ravine. Various small streams running through broken ravines lay between the two armies. As Hooker and Lee now faced cacli other. Hooker was on tho west, Lee on the cast. The ground held by the Confederates was broken in its surface.

Hooker's line was nov nearly five miles long, Meade on the extreme loft, toward Fredericksburg, near the

sliarp

bend in the

Rappahannock, which will be seen on the map, and Howard on the right, near Chaneellorsville. Howard's position with his Klevcnth corps was the weak spot in the Union line. Its right extremity rested "in the air," in military parlance: that, is, it was protected by no defense or obstacle against the approach of the enemy from the open plains. Hooker sent a brigade, under Gen. Graham, with a batterv, strengthen Hownrd's right, but Gen. lloward sent it back again, saying he did not need it.

Gen. J. K. B. Stuart made a reconnaisance of the Union lines d. riug the latte1' part of the night, ami at dav break rode up to I.#eo and Jackson and toU\ them lie had discovered a weak point on the extreme Union right.

At once Jackson asked leave to take his corps, L'li.Ooo strong, march in a detour through the wthids, so Hint he could not le seen, and suddenly attack the Union Fleventh corps on the right. I Tho front and Hanks of tho Klevcnth oorps wVro not protected sufficiently by either earth breastworks or fallen timber Stuart

Iiatl disfovertnl this. «o lie thought it would be possible to/itla*k and rout it. b»-o ga\e his p'-niiisMon, though l«» «h» so robbed his m: :n nrmy of half u.s force. As s«M.«n a .laci .m/M had left, !.•»•

L»cgan

tae'.-^iv

-the

J^retense

of at-

Union i»-ft and cenlcr in ord«-r

u- ('raw c.Ueiition awav Xro.-n tiie juovcmei on lis right.- As he-had been on the ovehing of Mav !. Hancoe) was still somewhat in advaiicc of the main Union line, and his division of (Jen..Conch's corps rceei\\d ties heaviest Jlj-O.

•Jackson had eud(?avored to conceal l.i mo\ euie::i soutVi and we*t around the t.'niou army. lie wmm .M-«»n, h'wi'«vcr, t^ his tr«^ops cn«s."e*.l lull toward the south. What did it mean? Kither the I 'onfeder :tes were retreutim: southward or else they Mere going to attack the Klevenlh corps. Ac-ordingly Hooker sent nn order addressed t-» "Maj. (Jen. Slo -uni and Maj. Gen. Howard." directing them to prepare ior t|Jt. po^ibihiy of an attack on the light Hank, la tie voder occurs theso words "The right of your line docs not np]*»nr to be strong enough. No artiticinl defem-es worth naming have U-en thrown up, and there apjt.-ars to bo a hcarcity of troop* at that, point. tieii. Sickles we?it out and shellel .faek."oil's corps and dfive it. to au«lh'T road. Then Sickles asked nnd got leave to attack the apparently retreating corps and cut it olY from the main \x»dy. Two divisions w-iv uiven to l.im, that of HirneV in the adva.iee. It was now pa-t no-m of Saturday, May Sickles followed on tlirough the swamps to the road which Jackson wjus pursuing, building bri'lges as he went. Herdaifs sharpshooU'i*! enptureti a»e«»rgia reuiment that had been left to snard the (Joiile«i« rate r«'ar. From the (»t orgians it was ieained that whatever d*o Stonewall Jackson was doing he was not r«ivating."

Sickles jvhei.l, after separat in.fcr' Jackson from the mai'i ('onfclerate army, t• tall upon the left lhuik of the latter, where Anderson's anil M'd/iws' divisions were, and make a sharp attack.

Among Union soldiers who distinguished thems. Ives gailuntlv at (.'hancellorsviile was I Maj. t»en. ,I.am»d 10. Sickles, commanding the Third c«.»rj.s. H»* was one of the iew ollicers high in rank during the Into war who had not itveivcd a military education. Gen.

Sickh was born in Mew York city in 1 S*J 11 and early in life learned the printer's trade. He afterward studied law and ngagetl in political life. He entered thtj Union army nt the beginning of the war. When the war dosed Gen. Sickles had left a leg upon th* battlefield. He was long minister t" Spain nfu-r the war. and married a Spanish .idy.

Un the field of May'J, at Chancel!- sville, (Jen. J'leasonton was sent forward wMi his •avalrv overtake Jackson with his Con-

heoth^r F»nleral columns. Then was some «!»n Of Whl.-I. sy!:« I think. Hut Hooker declined to alhiw him to attack, and so Sickles' corps waited, doing nothing.

PI asonton attempted to pursue Jackson, but found he could make no progress through the thicket*. He came back acordingly, and took position on the elevation known as Hazel Grow, before nit ntioned. He had, meant imc. s»nt part of his cavalry to Sickles.

ELEVENTH CORPS ROUTED.

As he returned to Hazel Grove, he says lie heart I ••spattering shots going more end more to the northwest." By int.? tune he elimlted the hill at Hazel (trove he saw the "Klevcnth corps in full flight, panic stricken, licyond. description.'" They were rushmg.j madly into tt iwainp to the rear of lla/eli Grove, horses, cattle, men. mules and wagons": all together. "When the light was over the. pile of debris wjls many feet hi :h,- writes Gen. Picas--nton in The Genturv,

Maj. Peter Keeiian was at Ha/el Grove with the Kighth Pennsylvania cavalrv. A moment Gen. Pleasoiit»n pause«l f«r thought: then he ordered Maj. ni to charge into the woods with his single regi-. ment and hold Jackson's whole vict«irio i.s I. corps in check till lie himself should abl^ to plaiM soyie artillery. PleiLsonlt)jj had with him ut Ilazel Grove two cavalry regiments, alrea«ly in uldle, ami a battery of hore artillery. The heroic Keenan gave a glance at the prospect liofore him.. He, with a single regiment, is to hold ih check a victorious pursuing army of UG,00. Hv smiled sadly, realizing that the task wjls.i alni'ist certain death. Then he said: "GeneraJ, 1 will tlo it,'' and moved oli* without a word more. lie novel'came lack again. A largo pro}hrtion of '.hat heroic regiment, their commander among thetn, lay dead in the bloody thickets of Chaneellorsville few mimitos later.

But his brief work had l*cenof inestimable worth. During the few moments that occupied the Confederates iu mowing down the Kighth Pennsylvania cavalry. Plensouton had been ai-je tognt t»x»nt% -two guns, tlouble loaded with canister, hit .position.

On came the Confederates like tidM wave of tlestruction. They were living a L'nited States Hag. and Plea.onton was at tlrst uncertain whetiier they were friends or onemies. He »njd to Maj. Thomson, of his stalT: "Ride out there and soewho those jHSpl* are."

ThomstMi ditl s»», hesitatingly. "Come on. were friends!" they cried. Itwa* too dark to distinguish the uniforms, when nil at onetj there burst from the advancing line the weli known terrilio "reUd veil" that distinguished Jackson's c«.iris, ami they charged up hill toward the Union guns. l*lea.sonum found out who "those people'* wero.

Mismtime, whiledcduving Sickle* attack on lee's left. General Hookt had onlen'd Brig. Gen.. tJeary and Williams to at tack the onfederat*s on the fruit. Geary att«-mjiteJ to make on impression "n the plank road, leatling from Uhaii'vilor'-ville to re tl icksburg. but failetl to do so, and ret tl. (Jeary had, however, enough of lighting on the hills next day. the tfd, l».'f( re bait le of Clin ncellorsviHe was .vt*r,

MAJ. I»E KKH.VAX.

John V\'. (Jeary was born in Pennsylvania in 1 *'•.*). H«» had an adventurous life. First he served in tho Mexican war, was wounded, and was the lirst military commander of the City of Mexico after its capture. Then he went to California, ami was tin* fir^t mayor of San Francisco. In ].K.Vi he became territorial governor of Kansas. Filtering the Union army in I.Vd, 1». lecame a brigadier general, lie fought all through the ar. and became military governor of Savannah on its capture by Sherman. After the war, true to his fate, he was electis! govern"!* of Pennsylvania This was in 1*1)7. He was re-elected. In IsTi while still serving as governor. Gen. Geary died suddenly.

Jacks-on's scouts had crept through the thicketsthat fatal 2d of May, within sight, of Howard's Ki'-venth corps on the Union right. They n*iortod the soldiers' guns Macked, and oHlcers ami men playing cards and otherwise amusing themselves, thinking of anything but a surprise and attack. Now was the lime for Jackson to strike. Cautiously advancing his men in three line-:, Rodos lirst, Colston second, P. liill third, lie made the great attack.

Uttering their famous yell. Stonewall Jackson's men dashed against the Union right wilh all their force. Jt was a complete surprise the Klevcnth corps.

The rest can be told in a few w-ords The Union troops were attacked in the jhnk ami roar, and lied in the wildest confusion, pell

moll, ln ]r.-r sk l?e»'. h-avie.g nil behi'i A line of their works facet 1 toward J. men. It did not. slop the vi -tors. possession «f this, the onfe'lvrate^ on, on after the flying Union men. eellorsvillc, the Union headquarNTs, only half a mile away, .bicksei declar»'*d if he had only half an hour more of day light he could have taken that too.

t.'

ll .-.l Grove: njsn Sn-uies.. waiung

idly on I/i/s lett. Plensrmtou chec ed the ac.vnnceof Jackson temjMrarily by a dj-adly bla/.e from the twentv-two double shotted guns.

Ami now Gen aw ar

!t Chaneellorsville

A11.

lie lui'l With

him only Gen. Hiram G. lh rry'.s division of Siekhw corp1-. He ru-died

this one division forward with fixed bayonet.* to stop tho Confederates, drive them ba nnd retakr ground the ciith cor]is had lost. Gen. Merry could not do this. Hidivision, however, and tho darkm-Ms togethej- at length

lit It AM UKUUH.

stopp»«d the pursuit, but Uowanl's poMtir-n was in the hands oj Jackwoi's ni'-n. Honkers stair nnd the few cavalry with him tried in vain s?op the Klevenlh. It is said sonr* of the Hying men were even shot down by Hooker's stall' in this attempt, but. in vain.

Gen. Jerry -kept up tierce fire of shot and shell in" the woo-k Next «lnv. May whiltj executing tinotlar heroic t.isk, ite was and kill^l.

Hiram Ge^irge Berrv, too, had an adventurtius life. Horn Nlame in

1^'M,

J).

Gen. Berry

was in active service -with the army of the Potomac, distinguishing himself often.

DEATH OF STONEWALL JACKSON.

The fierce shot from Berry's division rattled' through the thickets. Occasionally a spark!*}, overhead above the trees showed when a shell was exploded. But the Confederate.', advanced no further. It became too dark to|?»sht. There was a pause in tho combat.

Jack.viu was a hot fighter always. Tho divisions of Bodes and Colston, who had mado the tirsfc attack and pursuit, had become confused and entangled in the woods. Jackson ordered A. 1). Hill's divisions to come iorward from therivir and pursue wuhout ti.muiuejit'* delay.

"stoni:wau.

Jackson.

Jackson himself rude forward in the moonlight to first reconnoiter the position. He. went out beyond his own picket line. During hi* absence tin* pickets were changed. Finishing his inspection, the general turned his horse's head toward his own linos. The Confederate pickets mistook him ami his statT for Ploai-onton's cavalry. Thev poured a volley uf musketrv into the advancing horsemen.

The volley killed or woundod nearly every man of the esct rt. Both of Jackson arms were shattoml. "All my wounds are by my own men," he said afterward. lie was placed upon a litter, and borne toward the reaf. But the terrihln fire from Berry and PleasontonV guns raked tho woods and the litter was struck, and

OIK-

I tnern. who, with hi- vj'S, had gone d'-u th«» river y[ksoii9 below l'retlericksburg, and ci'i'ssed it, to hiking eome in ami attack I/'o in the rear, lulo hurried Hooker himself attacked in front. (dian- All nigh! (icn. Phasonton had been forti^

w:,s

It wax at this time that tldinsrs "f the matl flight of the Kloventh eor{s reached Phvisont.on

came lirst a rarjH'iiter. then a sailor, next entering into jM.ilitics in his native state, lie wa?» a coUmel of a Maine regiment «it the 1.utile of first Hull Run. He was made a brigadier general in Mav. he, I nm me time the war begun until his lamented death at Chancellorsvillo, May

of tho

l*earers killed. Jackson foil from the shoulders of his men, receiving additional hurt- Ho lingered some davs having au arm amputated. Sunday, May 10, hti died.

SICKLES' CORPS.

Thf atlvanco of Jackson's men. May J, to the ground recently orenpiod by Howard, had quite cut off Sickles' corps from th* main body of the Union army. As soon as Hooker was aware of Jackson's coming he had ordered Sickles to attack his right flank.

The plank rocd. which appears in the central part of the map, loading from Chancellorsville to Fr dericksburg, was the most hotly contests I point- on May M. Sickles determined to retake this from Jackson and rejoin the main Union army.

This ho rexlly accomplished. He made a brilliant midnight attack ami l.myonet charge, ami retook inueh of the ground lost in th»» afternoon.

The First corps (Pkovnolds1 up to this time had taken no part in the fight. They were At United States ford, on the Ilappahannock, four miles north of Chaneellorsville, Gen. Doubleday temporarily in charge of the corp*. Word was sent them late in the evening to come with all speed to tho seem- of ac- tl

1 fying,the hill Hazel Grove, knowing if. to bo an important -»ition, but Hooker directed him to abandi»n it ami fall back into the new' line r»f battle he had ordered Sickles to ftirnu-

So this im'jM-ivtant point- was l- -t. 'i'iie JUev-. entli cirps was s.-nt to the extreme ieft,\:" where Meade was to be reform* d. lt»lh .Jackson ami A. 1'. Hid had bc-en-AVinmded the eM.-iung of May Tht» command of Jackson's corpn was given to J.: JI. B. Sriiart, the cavajry gener: 1,

At daybreak, May o, Stuart lM-g,^11 the attack on dickies' new line. The (.'onft'derates speetldy took possession of Hazel (Jn've. ami por.rfl a deadly tire into the Union line*.,.Sickles sent,an urgent renin to Ho.. ,». for supjK«rt But 1 looker hal btrer iiurt: in hisiv lieatl by the co'U'iission of a bad iking a coluinn against which he leaned, and whav. laztnl and sense!e.-s. 1 here was no head to ee that Sickles' npjtal was granted, although the corps of Meade mid Beyuv.ltls ami the reorganized oju

tjf

Howard were hiug.

idle- on the left. The Union arnn h:e} no mmandcr. Oniy f«r this, it sis his likely:' might after nil havo*

«'innjfii

J'h" that Chaneellorsville Elev- iieen Union Wctury. Gen. Sickles fought till his ammunitioii'T'" gave out. At that moment French's division*, tell upon Stuart's corps and t.aused it toretreat.

Meantime thu Confederate (Jen^. Anderson nnd McLaws were making a lierce light on the Union center, under S3«»-uin. j^ee endeavored all the hileto verge-to I he left and, join Stuart. Sl«»eum, French and Sickles lav between. They fought the battli that tiav*. Sickles' men tought dcs]»eratdv. They rtK: nulsed live VutVderate charges, holding their' line only with the bayonet at tLiv last. Then Sieklcs lei 1 back toa'new line, .Such was the Munition at Chancellorsvillt?^. When wtu-d ieaeh»tN.^ of

SEDGWICK'S MOVEMENT

Hooker had ordered Sedgwick to cross tho Rappahannock three milo below Fredericksburg. lie wvns already across, when, oi tho night or May\l. he received

H»'»k:erV-

onler to

"cross the Putppaham»ock" nml follow the Chnneollorsvilie j-oati till he connected with Hooker. He was t« destroy any force that came iu his way. Hooker had forgottellthat Setlgwick wn nlready acres ami on tho south sit1,oof the Rappahannock. Hooker had forgt.Uen his ih. oni.r to Sedgwick.

At daybrrak, May 15, Sedgwick reached Fredericksburg. Katly had been left with his division to protect Fredericksburg Ho occupied the heights on the right. Marye's Hill, where such fearful scenes had been onacted in Peoember, wa.s in the «»nter.

Sedgwick stormed Maryc's Jlill ami tool: it. It was defeiiiled bv a brigade under Barksdale. Cola, Spear and Johns led the Union assaulting columns. Sp-'ar wn* killed ami Johns was twice wounded, but the hill was taken. Fredericksburg was captured, and Karly retreated along the plank roa«l toward Lee ami Chanccllorsviile.

Tho attack on the fortified heights of Fredericksburg was plaunetl bv (.Jen. John Newton, a division commander of the Sixth corps. (Jen. Newton was born in Virginia, and was gradual'-d s.^coml in hiscliLss nt U.st Point in 1-^15. He entered/. the engineer c«,rj»s: of he military service. He distinguished self (luring tho civil war. After its closehe was ompj'.ved on hnrbor ami f"rtdication worn, lie is known to fame as the enginet win blow np the uhslrn in Lt»tig Island

Li"/

tn:s.

John

nkwtoiv.

ion known as Hell Gate, und. as left behind, at Fretler,'dgwick pushetl on 'alter l»l-mk r«»ad. Karly's force

Gen. GiU oii icksbtirr, nivl Karlv down th

whi{pel, Let.'s d« st.ruetion was certain. Leo heart! of the coming of Karly ami sent out part of McLaws* and Anderson's men to meet him and ,.make a .stand. The two forces joiued nt. Salem church, half way betweou Fredericksburg and Chancellorsvillo. Then dnrkness fell nnd there was no -.inure fighting Sunday. May

MAY 4.

PaHW'of the fourth and Inst ^dav of tV lighting at ('hanediorsvillo broke. Hooker's head troubled him all the afternoon

tion. 1 )t)iiltlti*tlay obeyel nt once. As they victory, ami I/4" c^uld have leen whipiod in upproached Chaneellorsville they heard the but nosucn attack was madi roar ^»f Si'klrs' mitlnight battle. At onro thev file*I to the right in line, sinirin Brown" with a roar that made the dark woods ring again. It had nn inspiring officer. on the disheartened Union army,

In the Chaneellorsville fighting of May 3 Maj. Gen. Amiel hippie was mortally^ wountletl. Ho was born in Massachusetts, 1*27. and was graduated at West Point in

1M7.

lie

se m1 in he United States engineer corps till l^l'J. Then the command of a brigade was given 11» hi in. While the Union army was on the I tap pah a uiiock Whipple commanded the Thinl tlivision of the Third corps. Aff«r being of the Chaneellorsville fighting (Jen. Whipple was taken to Washington. There, May o, ho was appointed major general of vi-huiteors, nnd, May

Tuesday, .Ma'v

wounded the third day

brevet major general of the

United States army "for g:Jhmt. and meritorious services,M and on Mav

FIGHT OF SUNDAY, MAY 3.

That muht Hooker laid his plans tor tho batile of May tt. II» sent word t'» Smigwick.

v.v

Mav

and all May -I greatly that it is not fair to hold hi: n.-p -isible for all that hajv i-ned. At timcSfh** scarcely knew what ho •. I was about. All day of the 4th, although ht* hatl n»^unusl command, his onhas were contrailictory and

illating, now tiding Sedg

wick to hold his ground ami now to retreat, back across the riv r. Karly in tho morninghe directed him not to attack the Confederates ut Sfdom chur' h, but lt» assume tiie defensive, All day th'To was skirmishing bo--, tween Sedgwick und Karlv and tin* brigade? that hatl re-enforced him. At. o'clo-k in the evening the (.'onftxleratopciu-rals. Anderson ami ICarlv, made a furious attack on Sedgwick's left, under fJen. Ibwt». Howo retreated t«» a sir»ng josjtion in tiie tlireotiou of Brinks'for«h ami there resisted and beat back the Confederates.

During the night of May 4 Sedgwick reerosscd the Rappahannock with his wholo force. Hooker had ordered him to cross. then countermanded the order, but the latter command was mt received till alter the crossing was rt'«*cfed. Iyce immediately rewiijuotl l-'r-d- ricksburg.

Huring the' light of May 4 Hooker held a council of war with his corps commanders, who wvre sleepy and exhausted. 1 le loolveil t*i cro,s back his «1«1 headouai rs on tho left bank tf Rajuiahannock. "r, May-1 1 t's army, all toM, numlh-red no more than men. Hooker, including .-Sedgwick's corps, h.'.dNMMH). Any tune during that day. a'determined attack against Stuart, who, wjjJv.luckson'sold corps, fronted Hooker at 'hanet llorsville, or p.^rainst McL(i\v, who, v. h-ivirly, fronted Sctlgw ick on •:isV, \'.Ui have reMilted in a Union

a great--rain storm uroso

,yH|'j in the at'ternoon. Under it eowr the great.

Union nrmy pa-scd back over the swollen Rappahamioi'k to jts old quarters. Wednesday morning. May'k Gen. lye looked about: him f«'»r his enemy, and found nom« there.

In thcbattlesoi Chancellorsvibe the 'nion army lov. 17.PJ7, the t.*onft.*«lerates Jo.'d'J. It "t:h remains to niktethccventsof Sionomail's Raitl. After crossing tlv Rappahannock. -divided hi cavalry into iu«,»colunm. untler

Averill.4,»,''Utron'j.

Louisa Courtraiding partit-is'iit various din was a tl.'.iit with one of W. H.

went, t'tfbii': mcnt*. ui«4e.r constderabic int-

he died.

Mav Sion nock at kehv I from Giouce' alsi.t a in ho U4j

went-

to J-tapi'lnn Statit.oi, on the hnnt-e railroad, hnd a l-riif en'Y»nnt«?r with W H. F, Lw, and returned the main army. Hooker' himself "sent'' Averfll the order

return.

Stoneman himydf, with his main column, moved ,south and westward to destroy tho Virginia central railroad. He. reached

uct

Mav 2.

11'.-

•n* out Thero regi-

-Hons. I\ Lc-s

ments ir rdousville. 'Iliir. n--giiuent was driven J.ac^ l..y thoarrival \'.Union ro-t.-nforceuu v.V^-

I A ]ar:y,

OEN. WIIII'l'U:.

nieler Col. "Wvndhanj, e,fta« u'eil.

thecamd'at (^olumbin. .-\ third, nmler Kilpntrick. d/isjHsl across cmntry and caino within tv-o tiiUf.H t'L Bichmoi-.'l. lie destroved bndges antt

j'.ortitui the Fred-

nckabtji*g:-rfrilnvid. Then he turned and-.

i« J'oint. 'Mher tietach-.. ^avis und (Jt n. Gregg, ditl to railroads at various, lecrossetl tiie Rappahnn--i'ord. June o. the cavalry ier Point, under Kdpatricki ..-icatiquarters, bringing

j-'ilol

war, l,txm tie« .sJ.tVvS.

toed coiitrubam:^.