Crawfordsville Review, Crawfordsville, Montgomery County, 11 September 1897 — Page 6

HAYi: GONE INTO PARTNERSHIP TO SWINDLE ALL MANKIND.

The Golden Rale the Only Practical Solution of Labor Troubles—Dr. Talmage's Sermon.

Dr. Talmage's plan for settling the industrial troubles of our day is set forth in this sermon. His text is Mattli. 7:12, "Whatsoever ye would .that men should do to you, do you even *so to them." He said:

The greatest war the world has ever seen is between capital and labor. The strife is not like that which in history is called the thirty years' war. for it is a war of centuries it is a war of the five continents: it is a war hemispheric. The middle classes in thk country, upon whom the nation has depended for holding the balance of power and for acting as mediators between the two extremes, are diminishing, and if things go on at the same ratio as they are now going, it will not be very long before there will be no middle class in this country, but all will be very rich or very poor, princes or paupers, and the country will be given up to palaces and hovels.

The antagonistic forces are closing in upon each other. The Pennsylvania miners' strikes, the telegraph operators' strikes, the railroad employes' strikes, the movements of the boycottcrs and the dynamiters, are only skirmishes before a general engagement, or if you prefer it, escapes through the safety valves of an explosion of society. Now, 4.000,000 hungry people cannot be kept quiet. All the enactments of legislatures and all the constabularies of the cities, and all the army and navy of the United States cannot keep 4,000,000 hungry people quiet. What then? Will this war between capital and labor be settled by human wisdom? Never. The brow of the one becomes more rigid, the fist of the fcther more clinched.

But that which human wisdom cannot achieve will be accomplished by •Christianity if it be given full sway. You have heard of medicines so powerful that one drop will stop a disease and restore a patient, and I have to tell you that one drop of my text, properly ad-, ministered, will stop all these woes of •society and give convalescence and complete health to all classes, "Whatsoever ye would that men should do to you, do you even so to them." 1 shall first show you how this quarrel between monopoly and hard work cannot be stopped, and then I will show you how this controversy will be settled.

Futile remedies. In the first place, there will conve no pacification to this trouble through an outcry against the rich men merely because they are rich. There is no member of a trades' union on earth that would not be rich if he could be. Sometimes through a fortunate invention or through some accident of prosperity a man who had nothing comes to a large estate, and we see him arrogant and supercilious and taking people by the throat. There is something very mean about human nature when it comes to the lop. but it is no irore a sin to be rich than it is a sin to be poor. There are those who have gathered a great estate through fraud, and then there are millionaires who have gathered their fortunes through foresight in regard to changes in the markets and through brilliant business faculty, and every dollar of their estate is as honest as the dollar which the plumber gets for mending a pipe or the mason gets for building a wall. Thene are those who keep in poverty because of their own fault. They might have been well cff. but they gave themselves to strong drink, or they smoked or chewed up their earnings, or they lived beyond their means, while others on the same wages and on the same salaries went 011 to competency. 1 know a man. who is all the time complaining of his poverty and crying out against rich men, while lve himself keeps two dogs and chews and smokes and is filled to the chin with whisky and beer.

Neither will the contest be settled by cvnica! and unsympathetic treatment of the laboring classes. There are those who speak of them as though they were only cattle or draft horses. Their nerves are nothing, their domestic comfort is nothing, their happiness is nothing. They have no more sympathy for them than a hound has for a hare, or a hawk for a hen. or a tiger for a calf. When "Jean Valjean," the greatest hero of ictor Hugo's writings, after a life of suffering and brave endurance, goes into incarccration and death, they clap the book shut and say, "uood for him!"' They stamp their feet with indignation and say just the opposite of "Save the working classes." They have all their sympathies with "Shylock," and not with "Antonio" and "Portia." They are plutocrats and their feelings are infernal. They Jirc filled with irritation and irascibility on this subject. To stop this awful imbroglio between capital and labor they will lift not so much as the tip end of the little finger. Neither will there be any pacification of this angry controversy through violence. God never blessed murder. The poorest use you can put a man to is to kill him.

Well, if this controversy between capital and labor cannot be settled by human wisdom, if today capital and labor stand with their thumbs on each other's throat—as they do—it is time for us to look somewhere else for reiief. and it points .from my text roseate and jubilant, and puts one hand on .the broadcloth shoulder of capital and puts the other on the homespun covered shoulder of toil and says, with a voice that will grandly and gloriously settle this and settle everything, "Whatsoever ye would

that men should do to you, do you even so to them." That is, the lady of the household will say: "I must treat the maid in the kitchen just as I would like to be treated if I were down stairs and it were my work to wash and cook and sweep, and it were the duty of the maid in the kitchen to preside in this parlor." The maid in the kitchen must say: "If my employer seems to be more prosperous than I that is no fault of hers. I shall not treat her as an enemy. I will have the same industry and fidelity down stairs as I would expect from my subordinates if I happened to be the wife of a silk importer."

The owner of an iron mill, having taken a dose of my text before leaving home in the morning, will go into his foundry, and passing into what is called the puddling-room, he will see a man there stripped to the waist and besweated and exhausted with the labor and the toil, and he will say to him: "Why, it seems to be very hot in here. You look very much exhausted. I hear your child is sick with scarlet fever. If you wan* your wages a little earlier this week, so as t' 1 pay the nurse and get the medicines, just come into my office any time."

After a while crash goes the money market, and th*re is 110 more demand for the articles manufactured in that iron mill, and the owner does not know what to do. He says, "Shall I stop the mill or shall I run it on half time, or shall I cut down the men's wages?" He walks the floor of his counting-room all day, hardly knowing what to do. Toward evening he calls all the laborers together. They stand all around, some with arms akimbo, some with folded arms, wondering what the boss is going to do now. The manufacturer says: "Men, times are very hard. I don't make $20 where I used to make $100. Somehow there is no demand now for wThat we manufacture, or but very little demand. You »ee I am at vast expense, and I have called you together this afternoon to see what you would advise. I don't want to shut up the mill, because that would force you out of work, and you have always been very faithful, and I like you. and you seem to like me, and the bairns must be looked after, and your wife will after awhile want a new dress. I don't know what to do."

There is a dead halt for a minute or two and then one of the wrkmen steps out from the ranks of his fellows and says: "Boss, you have been very good to us, and when you prospered we prospered, and now you are in a tight place, and I am sorry, and we have got to sympathize with you. I don't know how tho others feel, but I propose that we take off 20 per cent, from our wages, and that when the times get good you will remember us and raise them again." The workman looks around to his comrades and says: "Boys, what do you say to this?" All in favor of my proposition will say 'aye^'i,, "Aye, aye, aye!" shout 200 voices.

But the mill owner, geting in some new- machinery, exposes himself very much, and takes cold, and it settles into pneumonia, and he dies. In the procession to the tomb are all the workmen, tears rolling down their cheeks and off on the ground, but an hour before the procession gets to the cemetery the wives and the children of those workmen are at the grave waiting for the arrival of the funeral pageant. The minister of religion may have delivered an eloquent eulogium before they started from the house, but the most impressive things are said that day by the working classes standing around the tomb.

The great want of the world today is the fulfillment of this Christlike injunction, that which He promulgated in his sermon Olivetic. All the political economists under the archivault of the heavens in convention for 1,000 years cann settle this controversy between monopoly and hard work, between capital and labor. During the revolutionary war there was a heavy piece of timber to be lifted, perhaps for some fortress, and a corporal was overseeing the work, and he was giving commands to some soldiers as they lifted: "Heave away there! Yo heave!" Well, the timber was too heavy they could not get it up. There was a gentleman riding by on a horse, and he stopped and said to this corporal: "Why don't you help them lift? That timber is too heavy for them to lift." "No," he said, "I won't I am a corporal." The gentleman got off his horse and came up to the place. "Now," he said to the soldiers, "all together—yo heave!" and the timber went to its place. "Now." said the gentleman to the corporal, "when you have a piece of timber too.heavy for the men to lift, and you want help, you send to your commander-in-chief." It was Washington. Now. that is about all the gospel I know—the gospel of giving somebody a lift, a lift out of darkness, a lift out of earth into heaven. That is all the gospel I know—the gospel of helping somebody else to life. "Oh," says some wiseacre, "talk as you will, the law of demand and supply will regulate these things until the end of time." No, they will not, unless God dies and the batteries of judgment day are spiked, and Pluto and Proserpine, king and queen of the infernal regions, take full possession of this world. Do you know who supply and demand are? They have gone into partnership, and they propose to swindle this earth and are swindling it. You are drowning. Supply and demand stand on the shore, one on one side, the other on the other side of the lifeboat, and they cry out to you, "Now, you pay us what we ask you for getting you to shore, or go to the bottom!" If you can borrow $5,000 you can keep from failing in business. Supply and demand say, "Now, you pay us exorbitant usury, or you go into bankruptcy." This robber firm of supply and demand say to you: "The crops are short. We bought up all the wheat and it is in our bin. Now, you pay our price or starve." That is your magnificent law of supply and demand.

In crossing the Allegheny mountains many years ago the stage halted and Henry Clay dismounted from the stage and went out on a rock at the very edge, of the cliff, and he stood there with his cloak wrapped about him and he seemed to be listening for something. Some one said to him, "What are you listening for?" Standing there on the top of the mountain he said, "I am listening to the tramp of the footsteps of

the coming millions of this continent." A sublime posture for an American statesman! You and 1 today stand on the mountain top of privilege, and on the Rock of Ages, and we look on, and we hear coming from the future the. happy industries, and smiling populations, and the consecrated fortunes, and the innumerable prosperities of the closing nineteenth and the opening twentieth century.

The great patriot of France, Victor Hugo, died. The $10,000 in his will given to the poor of the city was only a hint of the work lie did for all nations and for all times. I wonder not that they allowed eleven days to pass between his death and his burial, his body meantime kept under triumphal arch, for the world could hardly afford to let go this man who for more than eight decades had by his unparalleled genius blessed it. His name shall be a terror to all despots, and an encouragement to the struggling. He made the world's burden lighter, and its darkness less dense, and its chain less galling, and its thrones of iniquity less secure.

But Victor Hugo was not the overtowering friend of mankind. The greatest friend of capitalist and toiler, and the one who will yet bring them together in complete accord, was born one Christmas night while the curtains of heaven swung, stirred by the wings angelic. Owner of all things—all the continents, all worlds, and all the islands of light. Capitalist of immensity, crossing over tOi our condition. Coming into our world, not by gate of palace, but door of barn. Spending His first night amid the shepherds. Gathering afterward around Him the fishermen to be His chief attendants. With adz, and saw, and chisel. and ax. and in a carpenter shop showing Himself brother with the tradesmen. Owner of all things, and yet on a hillock back of Jerusalem one day resigning everything for others, keeping not so much as a shekel to pay for His obsequies, by charity buried in the suburbs*of a city that had cast Him out. Before the cross of such a capitalist. and such a carpenter, all men can afford to shake hands and worship. Here is the every man's Christ. None so high, but He was higher. None so poor, but He"was poorer. At liis feet the hostile extremes will yet renounce their animosities, and countenances which have glowered with the prejudices and revenge of centuries shall brighten with the smile of heaven as He commands. "Whatsoever ye would that men should do to you, do you even so to them." t-

Klondike as a Place to Live In. Dawson City is nearly ten degrees further to the south than the ancient Norwegian town of Hammcrfest, where men make shift to live comfortably the year round. To be sure there is 110 gulf stream to temper the iron frosts of Klondike, and the average winter cold is 23 degrees below zero but there are warm winds from the Pacific in the summer that make the climate far from forbidding. The average temperature for the summer months is 56 degrees, and the eighty-four degree mark is by 110 means unknown to the mercury. It is. of course, too far north for wheat, bitt barley, oats and rye ripen freely, and ordinary vegetables can be cultivated with success. A fair index to the soil and climate is afforded by the timber. The finest white spruce grows abundantly in the Klondike region. The trunks even attain a diameter of two feet where the forest is not crowded. As for the danger of starvation, that should not exist if the miners exercise common prudence. The streams swarm with salmon. and a few weeks of fishing in the fall should provision the settlement securely.—The Illustrated American.

Pointed Paragraphs.

If some men were to lose their reputation they would be lucky. Man proposes, woman imposes and the divorce court exposes.

Catch-as-catch-can is the old maid's matrimonial motto. The majority of rising young men of today run elevators.

Just when a man needs his nerve most he can't find it. A gift with a string to it is a great drawback to charity.

About the best plan to stop the sale of liquor is to give it away. The man who itches for fame is usually kept scratching.

An artist is not a success untii he cm draw a check on the bank. If a man has horse sense he always knows when to say neigh.

It's the revolving fan that gathers 110 flies. i'-

Reflections of a Bachelor. livery road is rough to the man with the stone-bruise.

It is only in ovels that women ever feel unworthy of their husbands. When a girl who is in love with one man kisses another she looks over his shoulder.

Most of the men that are going up to Alaska to dig for gold want to get it for their wives to spend.

The hatred that a country woman gives the neighbor's chickens, in a city woman is given to the janitor.

A man quarrels with a woman for the sake- of making up again a woman makes up with a man for the sake of quarreling again.—New York Press.

Measurable.

"And,' 'asked the sociologist, "when you are aione at night under the starry sky, are you never filled with immeasurable longings?" "W'y," admitted Dismal Dawson, after the idea had been a little more- explained, "I do have them feelings, I guess but they can't be called immeasurable. About a quart measure would cover 'em—er half a gallon, anyhow."— Indianapolis Journal.

Circumstance.

"You have been in the cigarette business so long," said the anxious mother, "that you must be able to give me the information I want. I hope you will candidly answer my question. Are cigarettes injurious to the health?" "It all depends, ma'am," said the trust magnate. "On what?" "On whether you smoke them or sell them."—Washington Star.

QUAINT AM QUIET.

OLD FASHIONED GERMAN VILLAGE IN HILLS OF FRANKLIN COUNTY.

S«»tof & Large Monastery and ConventFatherland Dun tomes Still Prevail lnPrlmttivu Simplicity. ,)j

Oldenburg, Ind., correspondence Indianapolis News: If you should go along the river Rhine and pick up from its banks an old-fashioned German viJi lage and set it down between high hills, you would have an Oldenburg—a little old-fashioned German village that nestles in the hills of Franklin county. It is away from the noise and strife of the world. The railroad does nqt come within five miles of it. Of a clear, still morning the honest villagers can hear the rumble of the trains on the Big Four at Batesville, and sometimes the blast of the locomotive whistle is heard, but it disturbs no one. When it climbs over the hills and descends into the valley it is so weak and soft that it can not mar the serenity of the town.

It is of such places as Oldenbui^ that Washington Irving wrote and that Sol Smith Russell portrays in "Peaceful Valley." Thene are people here who ^.ave ,never seen a train of cars, and until this year there was a factory where wooden shoes were made for those liking to wear them. Sturdy old men, in fhe picturesque dress of the Fatherland, stt about puffing long-stemmed pipes and quffing foaming lager from silvertopped tankards, and clasping hands about loving cups that came across the water a generation ago.

This is a law and order community, though Mttle attention is paid to the Nicholson law. On Sunday when the church bells ring, the saloons are closed. No one can step inside until church services are out. Then the doors are opened and the villagers chat and talk

until the afternoon services. The first stroke of the chimes closes the door of the salcxsn again. There is no drunkenness, no rowdyism, no fighting. There is a venerable justice of the peace here, but the dust of years has accumulated on his docket, and his one law book has not been opened for a decade. There is a town marshal, too, but his services are never demanded.

The town is the abiding place of the Franciscan monks and the Sisters of St. Francis. The Catholic church here has invested nearly $3,000,000 in church buildings, schools, a convent and a monastery.

The parish of Oldenburg, III Order Regular of St. Francis, was established about 1836. Its first church was such as piety could raise, and until 1844 it was without a permanent pastor. It was visited frequently, however, by members of the pioneer band of priests who evangelized Indiana. The Rt. Rev. Celestine de la Hallandierc, bishop of Vincennes, appointed the Rev. Francis Joseph Rudolph, the first resident pastor of the parish, in 1844. Father Rudolph was born in Battenheim, Alsace, April 23, 1813, was ordained in Strasburg in 1839, and arrived in this country in 1842. The scene of his missionary labors was first at Ft. Wayne, where he remained two years, and from that mission he came to Oldenburg.

The Rev. Father Rudolph was convinced that a thoroughly Christian education forms the true foundation of all Christian development, hence, he resolved to apply to some religious community in Europe for members to undertake the management of the schools of the parish as also the establishment of a religious community. Accordingly, he set about the erection of a cloister, with scant means at command. This humble convent was destined for the home of the Daughters of St. Francis, who were to take charge, not of the schools of the parish only, but alike 01* the poor congregations in the rural o.stricts of Indiana and elsewhere, if desired.

He requested R. P. Ambrosious, of New York, to use his influence in order to procure for his parish, professed members of the III Regular Order of St. Francis. The Rev. Mr. Ambrosious was called to Europe, and while there was actively engaged in missionary work. He did not forget, however, to use thj, necessary measures in order to obtain Father Rudolph's request. In Vienna, Austria, his efforts wore crowned with success. Two sisters from jthe convent of Tertiaries Regular were appointed for the distant American mission. One of them, on reaching the sea oast, decided to return to her home, but ,the other, Sister M. Theresa, continued her journey, and in time reached the little mission that was hardly else than in a wilderness. She was in frail health ,but she remained to fight the battles undaunted. The monastic buildings not being yet finished, a small house was rented, in which Sister Theresa, with .three postulants, began her cloister life anew in Arrneritk. The convent was soon so far advanced that the sisters iwere permitted to take up their abode it. On April 21, the first postulants,

three, in. number, received: the

habit.

li©lv

Mother Theresa, the foundress of the conventi, worn out with her labors, sank at her post and was buried Sep*®™ker

27'

when she was- only

thirty-four years old.. At this time the community numbered twenty-seven sisters, twelve novices and three postulants. The successor of Mother Theresa was Sister Mary Antonia, and she continued the work with great energy. The sisters were now in charge of five parochial schools. The first of these was Holy Trinity, at St. Louis. The community grew so rapidly that from time to time the buildings had to be enlarged. All of this work fell upon Father Rudolph, and his strength gave way under it. He sank, faint and dying from exhaustion, while engaged in his sacerdotal functions at the altar, and in May. 1866, he was buried. The Rt Rev Bishop de St. Pallas had visited him during his short illness, and he begged the prelate that his congregation be intrusted to the Franciscan Fathers of the Custody of Cincinnati, and this request was granted. Mother Antonia was stricken down March 22, 1872, and died the next day, in her forty-sixth year, having spent twenty-one years of her life 111 the order. Sister Michaela succeeded Sister Antonia.

In 187s a new and elegant structure was erected. It joins the former building on the east, and forms, so as to speak, the crown of the whole. The first floor is occupied by a hall 130 feet by 50 feet for public commencements. The class-rooms, music-rooms, library-, re-ception-rooms, etc., are situated in' the second story. The dormitories occupy the third floor. The art galleries, several suites of music-rooms, the study hall, rooms for fancy work, infirmaries, etc., are situated in the old building] both buildings being connected by halls! The building forms a triangle, connected with the monastery. It was completed in 1881.

Mother Michaela died April 9, 1884. The funeral rites took place on Tues-

CONVJSiNT A JJD CHAPEL.

day after Easter. The Rt. Rev. Bishop Francis Silas Chatard, twentv-six priests, many mourning friends and over a hundred members of the community were, present. She had attained the age of fiity-four years, throe months and ten days. Sister M. Oliva. at the time mistress of novices, was elected to succeed Mother Michaela, and at the present time she is the superioress. Mother Oliva was born in this little village in 1846 ,and when a babe was baptized by the Rev. Father Rudolph, and when nineteen years of age she received the holy habit.

In 1885 the community was recog-

a number of priests

enjoying their retreat.

main

m°n^te

feature of thr ,.'n

convent, and some of th.luV th with whom I talked tell

and the owner of the

dlana"

abita"l

stones of the earlv ctr,,

lnterestin

tie mission. Visitors ar-^

the

holding such architectural

unassuming village, and „e^in press their admiration. "u?r 'to«x stated, it was not always so TT,

hav

settlers found it almost earl raise the funds necessary to "nf

the living of the teacher* jP

eve

g»nis, for The scanty furniture in,r the most urgent needs

were met by begging

from

sisters

In 1856 the sis?e rs acc^r°^ of a school in the parish L-nI

char8

Mary of the Rock.Tpi^." Franklin county. The poverty congregation was so great tW

agreed that the pupilfwere cents each a month, and the con^

t.on was to furnish the scant provisions required for the

the religious. Their

dwelling

old, tumble-down hut. For a

time.v

agreement was observed,

but S

gregation finally refused

longer

tribute. The number of

nunil

from thirty to forty, and the '.o'S, each was not regularly

pai

ters were reduced to the

greatest strai

On one occasion, when they

return

poo

to their little hut, they found

the

pieces of furniture they

owned

in the road and the door locked Th congregation had failed to

pay

the

rl,

house had cW

S,SterS'

There

notW

left but to return to the convent this they did, each sister, in truly 'apos tolic fashion, carrying a few articles clothing.

The trials of these devout would fill a large and interesting book and their struggles some day w, lt come a chapter in the history of In

W. "II.

PEOPLE

•,••

Therels an old philosopher, prophe and poet in California who claims tha he has solved the problem of

living,

ever. He lives a hermit's life, eats on] three times a week and never expects* die.

Mr. Edison once wished to test ho soon a message by telegraph could round the world. The dispatch was sen and .in 50 minutes it came back and iva put into Mr. Edison's hands as lie an his friends were still sitting at the tabi

Rosa Bonheur, the famous artist, seldom seen in a great city, but loves live in the country, and especially wlier there are woods. l.-is Wilcox of the University of .Me! bourne has received the silver

meda

of the Cobden club, being the first man to win the prize. Miss Helen Gladstone wil umlertak the opening ceremony in connectio with the hotel for women students whic has been erected at Bangor, near Bei fast, Ireland.

President C. P. Huntington of th Southern Pacific Railway has presente the University of California with a val uable collection of old Spanish manu scripts dealing with the earliest histor of California.

SAW THROUGH HIS XOSK.

Remarkable Case "Where (lie Ey AVas Destroyed, but Not the Sight.

Several authors of the sixteenth century mentioned the existence of a man who, having lost his eyesight, could se~ through his nose, says' the PhiladelphiRecord. xhe story, much doubted at the time, and pronounced fabulous

MONASTERY AND CHURCH.

nized as a corporation in Indiana and Missouri. In I8QI, the constitutions of the Third Order, Regular of St. Francis, forming the Congregation at Oldenburg, were appointed by the Holy See. In May, 1889, the corner-stone of the present fine chapel wtis laid. The chapel dimensions are 154 feet by 61 feet, and it is built in the Roman style. The church was consecrated July 22, 1891 The church and beautiful high altar of fine marble and onyx were consecrated the Rev. Francis Silas Chatard, D. D., Bishop of Vincennes.

The convent of the Immaculate Conception is the mother house of about four hundred Franciscan sisters. They go to all parts of America, teaching and spreading the gospel. Their vacation or retreat they spend at Oldenburg, and their fame has gone over all the world.

At the monastery are about fifty Franciscan monks. After the death of Father Rudolph, the Rt. Rev. Bishop Maurice de St. Palais, of Vincennes, applied to the Franciscans of the Custody of St. John Baptist, Cincinnati, for priests to take charge of the congregation at Oldenburg, and also the spiritual direction of the Franciscan community.

These priests arc not retired from the world. They live in seclusion to be sure, while at home, but during the year they travel about. The monastery is in charge of the Rev. Father David. The church is a magnificent structure, and its tall spires can be seen at a distance of nearly five miles from the town. The cost of the church alone was $275,000, and its congregation comes from miles around. At the present time there are

physicians, is nevertheless true if the researches of E. Douliot prove correct It seems that the victim had lost his right eye early in life, and later on while climbing a cherry tree fell upon a fence, the pickets horribly mutilating the left eye, the cheek and nose. The surgeon called in considered the eye entirely destroyed, sewed up the wound, and it healed in time, forming a large scar where the eye had been. A year later the man, then considered stone blind, lay in the grass, when he surprised himself by discovering that he could perceive through the cavity of the nose the sky and the color of tlie flowers on the meadow around him. From that time on lie practiced for five or six years to see with his nose, which to him became practically the organ of vision. He gradually became more proficient in seeing in this way, and could see everything beneath him while he remained quite insensible to the light from above.

The condition of this man can be explained scientifically. Although the lens of the eye had been torn from its socket by the fall, the optic membrane and the nerves at the rear of the cavity of the eye had retained some of the seeing power. When the eye had healed together a small hole in the bone over the nose must have formed which acted as a lens in the same way as a pinhole can be used to take a photographic picture. This also proves that the retina of the eye acts like a camera obscura where the objects from the outside become visible whten the rays of light-arrive there after passing through a smali opening.