Crawfordsville Review, Crawfordsville, Montgomery County, 25 June 1892 — Page 3

Has Fallen Far Short of the Original Expectations.-•.*.

As Now Enacted, "a Fraud, a Delusion arid a Snare."

Your, mill

Jt Has lite" i" Kfl'i'ct Over Now Ask the American Farmer if lie Has Felt Any Good KfiVcts of tlie "New,

Markets" Opono'.l for His I'ro»luct» by Sucli Legislation—Me HUH T-oolicil in

Vain. [Written by Judge Lewis Jordan.] Down in Maine there lived on a farm an old man and his wife. The husband did not admire Blaine, but' this was not the case with the wife. Everything Blaine did met her enthusiastic approval. One day the old farmer returned from the fields late in the evoning and found his good wife in a fearful state of excitement. Inquiring the cause, she gleefully announced that some friend had sent her, as a present, a beautiful "bird, and she requested her husband to furnish a name for it. Not being in a very amiable mood because his evening meal had not been prepared by reason of the arrival of the bird, he petulantly sang out, "Name it Blaine, everything is Blaine, Blaine with you." So the bird •was named Blaine. A few weeks afterward the old farmer, upon returning from his work, again found the old lady very much excited, "Blaine," she exclaimed, "has laid an egg"—reciprocity.

A prohibition temperance lecturer tells the above anecdote, and it must, therefore, be founded on fact.

The kind of bird presented to the old lady is not stated, and its species can only be conjectured from its habits. It is more than probable that it was a cuckoo, which never builds its own, but lays its eggs in some other bird's nest. The Blaine reciprocity egg was laid in McKinley's nest, and hatched by him nuch against his will, but who afterWards claimed the bird with b%utiful plumage, as belonging to his brood.

It may have been a snipe, and laid iggs which, when hatched, increased that species of birds used to gull the fellows holding the bag.

A wide field for speculation is opened by the failure to give the species of the bird that brought such joy to the old lady. There can, owever, be no controversy over the statements that it was a rare bird, which had never before appeared in the United States, and that it was a native of the "Aijierican hemisphere." When it first appeared, it was claimed that it could live in the bleak climate of Canada, but it is now asserted that it can only flourish in the countries that lie "south of us." It would even Chill in the congenial climates of Europe.

I state these facts' upon the authority of the celebrated ornithologist, James G. Blaine, and his student in bird lore, Senator Hale, of Maine.

There has been, and will continue to be, so much cackling over this reciprocity egg, that it will be interesting to Study its paternity, its size and composition, and for whose benefit it was laid.

The McKinley bill passed the house May 21, 1890, and provided for free sugar up to and including No. 10 Dutch standard. Prior to this date. Mr. Blaine visited the ways and means rommittee rooms and "wanted to lay his reciprocity egg in McKinley's nest: He was driven away, and in a towering rage tied to the rooms of the senate finance committee, smashed his new silk hat on the floor, and denounci McKinley and the Republican members of the ways and means committee because they would not let him lay his reciprocity egg.

Mr. Blaine was opposed to the mluc.tion of the suyar duty, and was thrown into a towering rage by the proposition. His letter to Senator Fry, dated July 11, 1890, denouncing the McKinley bill as it passed the house on the 21st of May, contained these memorable deelar-

1

ations:

It would certainly be a very extraordinary policy on the part of our government just at this time to open our market without charge or duty to the enormous crops of sugar raised in the two Spanish islands.

But there is not a section or a line in the entire bill that will open the market for another bushel of wheat or another barrel of pork. If sugar is now placed on the free list without exacting important trade concessions in return, we shall close the door for a profitable reciprocity against ourselves.

It is now apparent that William McKinley, Jr., can not claim the paternity of the reciprocity egg, although he cackled with delight over it during his canvass for governor of Ohio.

On the 18th of June, 1890, the senate finance committee reported the McKinley bill to the senate with an amendment providing for a tariff tax on sugar. On the 19Hi of June. Senator Hale, of Maine, offered an amendment prepared by Mr. Blaine, which read as follows: '.•And the president of the United States is hereby authorized, without further legislation, to declare the ports of the United States free and open to all products of any nation of the American hemisphere, upon which no export duties are imposed, whenever and so long as such nation shall admit to its ports, free of all national, provincial (state), municipal, and other taxes, flour, corn meal, and other breadstuffs, preserved meats, fish, vegetables and fruits, cottonseed oil, rice, and other provisions, including all articles of food, lumber, furniture, and all other articles of wood, agricultural implements and machiuery, mining and mechanical machinery, structural steel and iron, steel rails, locomotives, railway cars

ar.a supplies, street ears, relined petroleum, or such other products of the United States as may be agreed upon.

It will be noticed that the above amendment embraced Canada, for it is a "Nation of the American hemisphere.'' This is important, because it furnishes conclusive evidence that James G. Blaine the high priest of protection, was willing to haw free trade witlr Calnida, provided that nation would admit free the articles named in his amendment. But Mr. Blaine soon found liis reciprocity egg was too big. and in the face of the language of his amendment, he denied that the bird could live in Canada. Strange as it seems, Senator .Sherman stated that if we were to have reciprocity with any country, it should be established with Canada first.

Mr. Blaine was now in a quandary. McKinley would not allow him to lay his egg in his n,est and he fared no better with the senate finance committee. After Senator Hale dumped it down in the open senate, opposition sprung up. on all sides, the Republican senators from New England taking the lead. For months the Blaine egg laid in the senate and was vigorously pecked by the senators. It abandoned the principle of protection, and was for disguised free trade. The shell was strong enough to knock over the "home market" sham, and the dyed-in-the-wool protectionists did not propose that this should be done. But Blaine had proposed reciprocity, and it was surmised that he had the administration of President Harrison at his back.

The doctors of the Republican party held a consultation over the Blaine egg, and determined as it was then in a state of decomposition it could not be used. Another egg must be laid by a different species of bird. Fortunately the bird was suggested by the name of one of the senators—Mr. Aldrich. It is well known that one of the characteristics of the ostrich is its hiding its head in the sand when alarmed, thus imagining that its whole body is hid. The new §gg would seem to resemble that of the ostrich, and was proposed by Senator Aldrich. His amendment to the McKinley bill was adopted, and is now Section 3 of the tariff law.

SECTION 3—That with a view to secure reciprocal trade -with countries producing Jhe followinK articles, and fortius purpose, on and after the 1st day of January, 1892 whenever and so ofteu as the president shall be satisfied that the government of any country producing and exporting sugars, molasses, coffee, tea and hides, raw and uncured, and any of such articles, imposes duties or other exactions upon the agricultural or other products of the United States which, in view of such free introduction of such sugar, molasses, coffee, tea and hides into the United States, he may deem to be reciprocally unequal and unreasonable, he shall have the power, and it shall be his duty, to suspend, by proclamation to that effect, the provisions of this act relating to the free introduction of such sugar, molasses, coffee, tea and hides, the production of such country for such time as he shall deem just and in such case, and during such suspension, duties shall be levied, collected and paid upon sugar, molasseis coffee, tea and hides, the product of or exported from such .designated country as follows, namely:

Here follow the specified rates of duties on sugar, molasses, coffee, tea and hides (now coming to us free by the McKinley bill), which shall be collected on those articles whenever the president shall see fit, to-wit: On the best sugar, 2 cents per pound (and less rates specified on lower grades and certain rates on molasses) coffee. 3 cents per pound tea, 10 cents per pound hides,and skins, 1 1-2 cents per pound.

The difference between this ostrich sgg and that of the bird of beautiful plumage named Blaine is so marked that the most casual observer will notice it. Under the Blaine proposition our ports were to be "free and open to ALL PROnrcrrs of any nation of the American hemisphere"- when .such nation shall admit free the long li.-t of articles named in the proposition.

The ostrich amendment, which is now the law, confines reciprocity to countries producing sugars, molasses, tea, coffee and hides. Should any country producing and exporting these articles impose duties or other exactions upon the agricultural or other products of the United States, which the president may deem reciprocally unequal and unreasonable, he may suspend the law and collect tariff taxes on their sugar, molasses, tea, coffee and hides. And this is the ostrich egg over which there has been so much cackling.

It was laid to increase agricultural exports and give new markets to the American farmer. But these new ftiarkets were only to be allowed the farmer in the countries "south of us." The door was closed on the north and east. Treaties under the reciprocity clause have been in effect more than a year, and the farmers can answei if they have felt the good effects of the "new markets" for tlieir agricultural products. They are looking in vain for the blessings that reciprocity was to shower down on them.

Reciprocity gives New England free hides and free rubber for .manufacturing purposes, and this was one of the reasons it was adopted. The markets "for another bushel of wheat or a barrel of pork"' might be found on the other side of the big pond, where the people have no bananas and tropical fruits to subsist upon. South America can not be made to furnish markets for our agricultural products. Reciprocity as now enacted is' "a fraud, a delusion and a snare."

A New Yorker has made a clock from 84,000 pieces of wood, comprising over BOO varieties. For sixteen years he has had sailors bringing him rare woods from every quarter of the globe.

TARIFF 18 A TAX."

the Supreme Court of tha United States. The supreme court of the United States in the case of Brown vs. The State of Maryland, unanimously announced "that a duty on import® is a tax that is paid by the consumers."

Major McKinley in his canvass said: "We took the tax off of sugar and now you don't have to pay it. See how we have relieved you from taxation by talcing the tariff off from raw sug.ar."

In another breath this same distinguished gentleman says: "The foreigner pays it—you don't."

Now, let us see who pays the tax. Marsh.ill Field & Company imported $1,400 worth of pearl buttons and paid at Chicago $3,000 duty. This $4,400, with the cost of transportation added, was the cost to them and upon which they based their sales of this article which went to consumers arid was paid by them. Would the button-makers pay $3,000 tax to get $1,400 for their products?

Armour imported 300,000 pounds of tin and paid $6,700 as duty. Ninety-nine per cent, of this, as provided in the McKinley law, was refunded to him, because the goods which this tin inclosed were exported. If the foreigner paid the tax on the tin, why throw the goverment's money away by refunding it to Mr. Armour? Mr. McKinley introduced a bill in this house last session to appropriate $25,000 to pay taxes on plate glass for lighthouses to be built by the government. If the foreigner pays the tax, why was this necessary?

The Standard Oil company paid almost a million of dollars duty on tin imported in 1890. Ninety-nine per cent, of this was refunded to this giant corporation under the provisions of the McKinley law. If the foreigner paid the tax on this tin, why was it necessary for congress to provide for throwing away so large a sum of the people's money! It is claimed by the friends of protec tion that they have saved to the people of the country $56,000,000 by taking the tariff off of sugar, If the foreigner pays the tax, why take it off? It would certainly be good business sense to allow the foreign manufacturers of sugar to pay into the federal treasury this vast sum of money each year—almost one-half enough to pay the pensions of the disabled and wounded soldiers of our country. But, unmindful of the interests of the people, the Fifty-first congress provided that these foreigners should be exempted from this payment.

In this house, after the Chicago fire, General Logan introduced a bill to admit building materials to that stricken city free of tariff. If the tax was not paid by the consumer how would it benefit the Chicago people who were trying to rebuild their city from the ashes that were left' by the great conflagration

The earnest protest from the lumber barons induced congress to exempt lum ber from this provision. All other building materials were made free under the belief that the consumers were being benefited by taking off the tax. The modern theory of protectionists is that the people of Chicago were not benefited in this, but that the foreigners who shipped their iron and lead and other materials that were usfed in constructing the magnificent temples of trade and commerce to make the wonder of thev nineteenth century were the beneficiaries by this special provision. Similar requests were asked in regard to other cities that have bec-n un. fortunate.

At a time when East port. Me., burned down the gentleman from Maine, Mr. Boutelle, a member of this house, and insisting that the tariff is not a tax. introduced a bill to take building materials into that city free. It was discovered, though, that the foreigner paid the tax, and his bill did not pass.

Mr. Wanamaker, the present postmaster general, with others, brought a suit against the government 'to recover between $8,000,000 and §10,000,000 of revenues. If Mr. Wanamaker has returned this to the foreigner, it has not been reported. Neither has he paid it back to the country merchants who sold to the consumers.

In this case the people had to pay thi.tariff twice, once when they bought the goods and once when the government reimbursed Mr. Wanamaker out of the treasury from the moneys they had paid. It would seem from this that the postmaster general did not appreciate tlio fact that the foreigner paid the tax. If he had -lie would have returned it to the foreigner when he received it from the government, he being an honest man and obeying the Ten Commandments. All this shows conclusively, and the instances might be multiplied, that the tariff is a tax, and the consumer pays it.

There are many other facts to be adduced to show the blighting effect of tariff taxes on labor. The thftme is practically exhanstless. These illustrations are sufficient "to point a moral and adorn a tale" of thrilling interest to every man engaged in daily toil. The sporadic interest in him shown by high taxation advocates just preceding elections should become epidemic during periods when this affected interest might become real and be crystallized into laws granting him substantial relief. Considering the whole field it would appear tliatour fiscal system has resulted in enriching the rich and impoverishing the poor. The classes weighed down and groaning under theiT load of tribute to the favored

few are called "slinekers" and ^'calamity howlers" when they attempt to show Hie evils of war taxes, alter more than a quarter of a century of profound pence. They are ridiculed and commanded to hold their peace.

Our farmers and laborers in other fields have not become a class of panper.-i. but their condition compared with that of tariff beneficiaries is such as to givo good ground for serious com] l.iiat. Owing to the richest soil on earth and most favorable natural conditions, they have been able to remain in comparative comfort in spite of the grievous load of taxation borne since the war. The time has come—it came in 1890—when relief must be granted. The avalanche of two years ago was the handwriting on the wall. "Thou art weighed in the balance and found wanting" was written over the wall of pi otection by the stalwart arm of the American people in letters of flaming fire.

Notwithstanding this warning, Bels-hazzar-like the feast went on in the second session of the Fifty-first congress. The congress repudiated was not humiliated. It brought out the golden vessels from the people's temple—the public treasury—and in revelry and debauchery the sweat-wrung treasures of t'he toiling millions in shop, office and farm were desecrated by extravagance, peerless in the history of our country. Swift vengeance still awaits, and in 1892 the Babylon of high taxation and unparalleled waste of public moneys will be broken down by a patient, longsuffering, but indignant people.

The Farmers' Home Market. Hon. Hugh McCullocli, secretary of the treasury under Lincoln, Johnson and Arthur, addressed the farmers of the country as follows

Farmers have been so drilled in the idea that it is the home market upon which tliev should rely, that they seem to have been unconscious of the fact that the home market is altogether insufficient for the supply which is increasing more rapidly than the home market demands, and that either increase of demand'or diminution of supply has become a necessity. Western farmers are complaiuing of the prices of what they have to sell, and many df them attribute the depression to a scarcity of currency. If they would cease looking to protectionists for information knd examine the trade relations between their own country and other countries they would discover that it is markets, and not currency, that is needed to improve their conditions. The tariff has contributed immensely to the gains of manufacturers, while for some time the farmers who have been as well off at the close of the year as they were at the commencement, have -been the exceptions.

United States Senator Alison, of Iowa, said: I am told that we must legislate so as to furnish a home market for all our agricultural products,, and that this can only be done by a high tariff. Any one examining the subject will see that our agricultural products increase more rapidly than our population, So that if •wo -do not ojcpnrt these products in their natural condition, we must do so by converting them into manufactured articles aud export these articles. But this can not be done under a high tariff, for all nations will buy manufactured products where they are the cheapest. This rule excludes our highly-taxed manufactures made from highly-taxed materials from tb'e markets of the world, although we have natural advantages possessed by no other nation.

Fnrm Mortgage Indebtedness. The Bankers' Monthly, a carefully edited and very conservative publication, gives the amount of mortgages on farms in six western states—the same having been accurately compiled—and figures out the interest on the samo at 6 per cent., which c.ertainly is a very moderate average, viz.:

Farm Mortgages. Interest.

Kansas $ 283,000.000 £14,000,000 Indiana (V}5,000,000 38,700,000 Iowa 507,000,000 34,030,000 Michigan...'.... r.00,000.000 30.000,000 Wisconsin .'07,000,COO 23,020,000 Ohio 1,127,000,000 07,020,000

The mortgages in amount aggregate §3,491,000,000, and the annual interest, at 6 per cent., $200,800,000.

This is how a New York widow got ahead of the j'nman Steamship company. She owned a narrow strip of land which the company wished, and, of course, she asked an outrageous price foj it. A compromise was finally reached. She offered to deed the land if the company would in return agree to give to her and her two daughters, as long as she lived, free passage upon tlio steamers df the line. As she was an elderly lady the company agreed to it. This was in 1889. Ever since then the lady and her daughters have lived aboard the company's steamers, and as they run vessels to nearly all tlio principal parts of the world she travels whenever she wishes.

Of tlio effect of the increaso of the wool duties, the Chicago Tribune (Rep.) says:

The wool grower will not have an increased price for his fleeces. They have gone down instead of up, because the higher cost .of woolen goods will check consumption. That will lessen the demand for American fine wool, and that will lower the price of wool. So the sheep owner who was meant to be the chief -gainer will be the chief loser, for he will pay more for his woolen goods and get less for his wool. He will feel worse than the consumer who has no sheep, and who loses at one end only.

Anew instrument that possesses value and novelty is a speculum for examining horses' mouths. It is the invention of an Illinois man, and consists of a bit broad enough to k9ep the horse's mouth open and an arrangement of reflectors to determine easily the condition of the throat and mouth. ........

What is

Castoria is Dr. Samuel Pitcher's prescription for Infants and Children. It contains neither Opium, Morphine nor other Narcotic substance. It is a harmless substitute for Paregoric, Drops, Soothing Syrups, and Castor Oil.

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DR. G. O. OSGOOD, Lowell, Mass.

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