Crawfordsville Review, Crawfordsville, Montgomery County, 6 December 1890 — Page 7

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TIIE REVIEW,

SUPPLEMENT.

CR A WFORDSVI LIVE INDIANA

OTHER NEWS ITEMS.

An English trader and his son wore •eaten by New Hebrides cannibals. Fire at the Jefferson Barracks,St. Louis, 'Mo., roasted sixty-six horses to death. jLoss, $10,COO. I Firo destroyed tho cotton yarn mill oi !the A- Campbell Manufacturing Company, Manayutik, Pa. Loss, WOO,COO.

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Firo occurred in tho warehouse of the Farmers' Alliance at Newman,Ga., on the •ls't, completely destroying it. Loss,150,000.

A member of tho J. I. Case threshing machine company, at Racine, states that tho company will not join tlio threshing machino trust that is being formed.

John Hutchinson, who fled from Xenia, O., soveral years ago, to escape prosecution •for shortage of his accounts as bookkeeper of the National Bank, has returned, pleaded guilty to the charges against him, and been sentenced to the penitentiary fortwoyears.

The schools of Alton. 111., have been closed by tho Hoard of Education because of the pro-valence of diphtheria and scarlet fever. The decision is generally cons demned by conservative citizens, who con'' sider the children safer in school than out'

A disease called "blackleg" has attacked tho cattle of Eldridgo township, a few miles southeast of Paris, 111., and is causing much apprehension among tho stock raisers of that section. A number of lino animals havodied, and a general epidemic is feared.

Jackson Ferguson, Treasurer of Piko county, ou tho 1st inst. made publio that there is a discrepancy in his accounts agigregating $5,000, and that ho did not know iwhat had bccomc of tho money. The general public regard "Uncle Jack," as ho is •familiarly called, a3 honest, and they canmot believe him to bo a defaulter. Mr. (Ferguson lias deeded his land in trust to ox-Sheriff' Brum field, and an investigation will be immediately made. Tho revelation is tho sensation of tho hour, and clerks are occused of having the key to the trouble. I Tho Sor.ato on tho 2d received various communications', including petitions for /the amendment of tho tariff bill and a petition from Nebraska asking that the (Indians bo disarmed and deprived of their horses and supplied with oxen. The annual report of tho Secretary of tho Treasury was submitted.

'A

bill was passed to re­

imburse tho Miami Indians for money 91,720) improperly withheld from them. (Senate bill donating to Clallam county in the State of Washington for public builds ings tho proceods of the sale of certain publio lands, and consideration of tho election bill consumed tho remainder of tho day.

Monday afternoon a farmer living In Kentucky, engaged four colored men of Evansville to load corn on a barge, and a fifth was employed to row tho party across tho river, tho. farmer being accompanied by his foreman. Seven men entrusted themselves to a skiff. Tho river was rough, due to a high wind, and when with" in a few hundred feet of tho Kentucky shoro tho skiff was overturned and all of thorn were thrown into tho water. Tho farmer and his foreman cIung_.to the_ William Warfleld and StewlSl eolored. Walker was a man of family, and tho day-previous ho was released from tho Vaudcrburg County Jail, wliero ho had served a short time f-jr misdemeanor.

In his inspection of ttie poor asylums of the State. Secretary Johnson, of-the Hoard of State Charities,pronounced the Warrick eouuty asylum one of tho very worst mannged of all tho ninety-two. A separi-.to ccunty orphans' homo was maintained, however, in which nearly thirty pauper children have of late boen receiving coniparatively good care. Now conies the information that on a plea of economy tho county commissioners havo decided to abandon tho orphans' homo and put all those young children back into tho wretoh-' cd poor asylum. Unless tho asylum is to bo greatly improved in management, this Is an uuwiseand cruel determination, Mr. Johnson says. When ho visited the institution it was too small for the inmates then crowded into it, and these children will swell tho number so that additional room will become an absoluto necessity.

Tho Government World's Fair Hoard lias decided to ask Congress for more legislation and more money. The law appropriating fl,r00,00l) for tho Government exhibit is so vaguo that tho Government Board will ask Congress to pass a joint resolution defining tho powers of the board, to indicate how far they may go in buying articles for oxliibit aud to explain what property of tho Government may bo exhibited. Of tho 51,500,000 appropriated there is a definite application of but £100,000. That amount is to bo spent for a Govornmout building. Architect Windrim is now making desigms for this building, which is to stand in Jacks son Park. The rest of the appropriation is not enough to pay tho expenses of the Fair Commissioners and tho Government exhibit, therefore a million more will bo asked for by tho Government Board.

The Mcllroy family resido in Vernon, and have for a guest or boarder from time to time Rev. Carroll M. Hoddy, of Pierson Station, 111. He is reputed to be paying his addresses to Miss Magnolia Mcllroy, and while there he monopolizes a great deal of that young lady's timo, to tho exs elusion of Frank Bicount, who is smitten in tho same direction. This enraged Bis count, aud last Saturday night about 9 o'clock, accompanied by two of his friends, he went to the Mcllroy residence and do-

inga purpose tokill liini, Mr. Hoddy bar ricaded liimsolf in a room, and when tho trio attempted to force tho door ho opened, "firo with his revolver, and his assailants Ibcat a hasty retreat, one of them being slightly wounded. Yesterday the trio ats jteinpted to prosccuto Mr. Hoddy for fel'lonious assault, but after a trial boforo tbo |Mayor, which lasted all day, ho was discharged, ... ,._j

PKLSIDENT'S MESSAGE-

Congress reconvened on tho 1st and tho President delivered his annual message: To the Sena mid ltouau of liepresunUtives:

Tho reports of tho several executive departments which will bo laid bolore Congress in tho usual course will exhibit in detail tho operations of the Government for tho last fiscal year. Only the more important incidents and results, and chiefly such as may bo the foundation ol' tho recommendations I shall suomit, will bo referred tom this annual message.

The vast and increased business of the Governuiout has been transacted by the several departments duriug the yoar with faithfulness, energy and success. Tho revenues, amounting to above $450,(100,COD, havo been collected and disbursed without rovealing, so far as I can ascertain, a sincrle cstso of defalcation or embezzlement. An earnest effort has been made to stimulate a sense of responsibility aud public duty in all oUlcers and employes of every grade, and the work done by them has almost wholly escaped unfavorable criticism. 1 speak of these matters with freedom, because the credit of this good work is not mine, but. is shared by the heads of the sevtral departments with the great body of faithful oillcors aud employes who serve under them. The closest scrutiny of Congress is invited to all tho methods of administration aud to every item of expends ilure.

Tho friendly relations of our country with tho nations of Europe and of the East have been undisturbed, while tho tics of good will and common iuterest that bind us to the States of tho Western Hemisphere have been notably strengthened by the conference held in this Capital to consider measures for the general welfare. Pursuant to the invitation authorized by Congress, the representatives of every independent State of tho American continent and of Hayti met in conforence in this Capitol in October, 1839, and continued in session until tho 19th of last. April. This important convocation marks a most interesting and influential epoch in the history of tho Western Hemisphero. It is noteworthy that Brazil, invited while unilcran imperial form of government, shared as a republic in the deliberations and results ol tho conference. The recommendations of this conteretico werj all transmitted to Congress the last session.

Tho International Marino Conference, which Bat at Washington last winter, reached a very gratifying result. Tl.e lobulations suggested liavo been brought to the attention of all tho governments represented, and their general adoption is contidontly expected. The legislation ol Congress at tho iastsossioii is in conformity with the propositions of tho conference, and tue proclamation therein provided for will be'issued when tho other powers have given notice of tneir adhesion.

Toward the end of the past year tho only independent monarchical government on tho Western Continent, that of Arazil, ceased toexistand was succeeded by a republic. Diplomatic relations were at once established with the new Government, but it was not completely recognized until an opportunity was afforded to ascertain that it had a popular approvul and support. When the course of events had yielded assurance of this fact, no time was lost in oxtending to tho now Government a full and cordial welcome into the family of American commonwealths. It is confidently believed that tho good relations of tho two countries will bo preserved, aud that the futuro will witness an increasod intimacy ol intercourse and an expansion of tooir mutual commercc.

THE BARKUNDIA INCIDENT.

The killing of General Barrundla, ou board of tho Pacific mail stoamer Acapulco, while anchored in transit in the port of San Jose de Guatemala, demanded careful inquiry. Having failed in a revolutionary attempt to invade Guatemala from Mexican territory, Gonoral Barrundia took passage at Acapulco for Panama. The consent of tho representatives of the United States was sought to effect his seizure, first at Ciiaperico, wliero tho steamer touched, and afterward at San Joso. The Uautain of the steamer refused to give up himiiLSi'jugor without a written order from tates Minister. The at tor __ tor, stipulating, yfei letter was pro* MUr,1 -no Acapulco by tlil.-mlitar.v comViiandar iiv. Sun Joso as liif"'warwnt to take the passenger from the steamer. Gen:il Han undia resisted capture, and was kiiie l. It beingevidout that the Minister. Mr. Miscncr, had exceeded tho hnunds of is authority in in erven in tr, incompliance with the demands of the tiuatemalan lutiiori e», to authorize and effect., in vio iition oi precedent, ihe seizure on a vessel j£ tlio United States ot a passenger in transit chaivcd with political offenses, in arJer that he might he tried for such jffentes under what was describe.l as martial law, was constrained to disavow Mr. Misetior's act and recall him from his nnst.

The President tlion considers our relations to loreigu nations in detail. Tho new treaty of extradition with Great Britain, after duo ratification, was proclaimed on the 25tli of last March. Its beneficial working is already apparent. The difference between the two governments touching the fur seal question in tho Uehring Sea is not yet a.ijusted, as will be seen by tho correspondence which will soon bo laid before Congress. The offer to submit tho question to arbitration, as proposed by Her Majesty's government, has not. been accepted, for tho reason that the form of submission proposed is not thought to bo calculated to assuro a conclusion satisfactory to either party. .It is sincerely Imped that before tho opening of another •tcaling season some arrangement may bo ^looted which will assure to the United •Mates a property right derived irom Russia. which wns net disregarded by any nation for more than eighty years preceding the outoreak of tho existing trouble. lu l.lio tariff act a wrong was done to tho Kingdom of Hawaii which I am bound to ortsunio was wholly unintentional. Duties were levied on certain commodities which aro included in the reciprocity treaty now existing between the United States and the Kingdom of Hawaii withoutindioating the necessary exception in favor of that kingdom. 1 liopo Congress will repair what might otherwise seem to be a breach of faith on the part of this government.

Tho cordial character of our relations with Spain warrants the hope that by the continuance of methods of friendly no-

rnanded tho body of tho preacher, declar- I trotiatiou much may be accomplished in

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tho direction of adjustment of pending

questions and of tlio increase of our trade The extent, and development of our tiado with tho island of Cuba invest the commercial relations of tho United States and Suuin with a peculiar importance. It is

not

doubted that a sneciul arrangoment in regard to commoro.', based on the recips rocity provisici of tbo recent tariff net, would operato most beneficially for both Governments. This subjoct is now receiving attention.

Tho revenues of the Government from and

fll sources for the fiscal year ending June «X), I-S'.O, wore MM,9 y,o:.o Vi. aud tho total expenditures for tlio same period were ?J.is,0l8,5M.53. Tho postal receipts liavi not heretolore been included in tho statement of these aggregates, and for tho parpeso of comparison tno sum of $00,S82,09r.92 should bo deducted from both sides of tho account. The surplus for tho year, including the amount applied to tho sinking fund, was $lU3,34M'. o.o:i. 'rll5 receipts for lb9J wore $16,030,9^,1.711, and tho expenditures #15,789,871 in exccss of those of 1889. Tho customs receipts increased $5,835,842. S8, and tho receipt from internal revenue $11,725,191.89, while, on tho side of expenditures, that for pensions was $19,312,075.90 in excess of tho precoding year.

The Treasury statement for tho current fiscal year, partly actual and partly estimated, is as follows Receipts from all sources, $406,0U0,U)j total expenditures, $ lii4,000,000, leaving a surplus of $52,003,000, not taking tho postal receipts into account on oither side. The loss of rovonue from customs for tho last quarter is estimated at $25,000,000, but from this is doducted again of about $16,000,000, realized during tno first four months of tho year.

For the year 1892 tho total estimated receipts are $3i 3,000.000, and tho estimated expenditures, $357,852,203.43, leaving an estimated surplus of $15,147,790.58 which, with a cash baiancool $52,030,000 at the beginning of the yoar, will give $07,147,790.."8 as the sum available for tho redemption of outstanding bonds or other uses. The estimates of receipts and expenditures for tho Postoftico Department, being equal, are not included in this statement on eithor side.

The act "directing the purchase of silver bullion and tlio issue of treasury notes thereou," approved July 14, 1890, has been administered by tho Secretary of the Treasury with an earnest purpose to get into circulation at the earliest possible dato the full monthly amounts of Treasury notes contemplated by its provisions, and ut tho samo umo to give to the market for silver bullion such support as tho law contemplates. The recent depreciation in the price of silver has been observed with regret. Tho rapid rise in price which anticipated and followed tho passage of the act was influenced iu soino degree by speculation, and tho recent reaction is in part the result of the same cause, and in part of tho recent monetary disturbances.

Somo months of further trial will be necessary to determine the permanent effect of tho recent legislation upon silver values, but it is gratifying to know that tho increased circulation secured by the act has exerted, anu will continue to exert a most beneiicial influence upon business and unon general values.

Whilo it has not been thought best to re new formally tho suggnstion of an international conference looking to an agreement touching tho full use of silver for coinage at a uniform ratio, caro has been taken to observe closely any change in the situation abroad, and no favorable opportunity will bo lost to promote a result which it is confident! believed would confer very large beneiits upon the commerce of the world.

THE TllIIASritT AND TnE SURPLUS.

Tho efforts of tlio Secretary to increase the volume of money in circulation by koeping down the treasury surplus to the lowest practicable limit havo been unrcmittingand in a very high degree successful. The tables presented by him, show the increase of monoy iu circulation duriug the last two decades, and especially tho table showing tho increase during the ninoteen mouths hehas administered the department, aro interesting and instructive. Tho increase ol money in circulation during tho nineteen months has been in the aggregate I9.!,8i0,813, or about $l.f 0 per capita, and of this increase .only $7,100,000 was due to the recent legislation. That this substantial and needed aid given to commerce resulted in bd enormous reduction of the public debt and of tho annual interest charge is a matter of increased satisfaction. There have been purchased and redeemed since March 4,188'.', 4 and 4-£ percent, bonds to tho amount of $211.f)32,450, at a cost of $240,620,741, resulting in tho reduction of tho annual interestohargo of $3,9157,609, aud a total saving of interest of $51,o7G,?0ii.

I notice with great pleasure tho statement of tho Secretary that tho receipts from internal KOXfiflti&Ji&vo^iicrcased our toms revenue was.leM' Yor "-^""4'^' than ever before.

The President then mils attention to the Department reports. Of the new ships of war he says:

N1!W SIIII*:. OF WAN.

Tho construction and equipment of the new ships for the navy have made very satisfactory progress. SincoMarc'a 4,1889. nino new vessels liavo been put in commission, and during this winter fourmoro. including one monitor, will bo added. The construction of the other vessels authorized is being pushed both in tho Government and private yards, with energy and watched with almost scrupulous caro.

Tho passagoof the act to amend certain sections of tho revised statutes relating to lotteries, approved September 19, 1890,"has been received with great and deserved popular favor. Tho post.ofUco dopartnjcnt and the department of justice at onco entered upon tho enforcement of tlio law with sympathetic vigor, iind already the public mails havo been largely freed from tlio! fraudulent and demoralizing appeals acd literature emanating from tho lottery companios.

TUB MATTKB OF PENSIONS,

Tho disability pension act, which was approved on the 27th of June last, has been put into operation as rapidly as was practicable. The increased clerical force provided was selected and assigned to work and a considerable part of tho forco ongaged in examinations in tlio field was recalled and added to the working forco of tho office. The oxaminii'ion and adjudication of claims have, by reason of improved methods, been more rapid than ever belore. There is 110 economy to the Government in delay, wine there is much hard­

ship

Tho friendship between our country and Mexico, born of close neighborship and strengthened by many considerations of intimate intercourse and reciprocal interests, has never been more conspicuous than now, nor more hopeful of increased benefit to both nations. The intercourse of the two countries by rail, already groat, is making constant growth. The established lines, and those recently projected, add to the intimacy of traffic and open new channels of access to fresh areas of demand and supply. The importance of tho Mexican railway-system will bo further enhanced, to a dogroe almost impossible to forecast, if it should become a link in the projected inter-continental railway. 1 recommend that our mission in tho City of Mexico be raised to tho first class.

and injustice to the soldier. Tho anticipated expenditure, whilo very large, will not, it is bolievi d, too in excess of the estimates made before tho enactment of the law. This liberal enlargement of general law should suggest a more careful scrutiny of bills for special, relief, both as to the cases where relief is granted and as to the amount allowed.

Till! CENSUS.

Tho enumeration of the peoplo of the United States

under

the provisions of the

act of March 1, 18'JO, has been completed, and the result will ho nt once officially communicated to Congress. The completion of this decennial enumeration devolves upon Congress tho duty of making a new apportionment of representatives "among the several States, according to their respective numbers."

FARM l'llOllUCTS.

va.uo Af meat and dairy products exported being $31,000,000^ This trade, so directly helpful to the farmer,it is thought, will yet bo further and very largely increasod when the system or inspection and sanitary supervision now provided b.V tho law is brought fully into operation. lhe efforts of tho Secretary to establish the nealthfulness of our meats against the disparaging imputations that bavo boon put upon them abroad have resulted iu substantial progress. Veterinary surgeons sent cut, by the department are now allowed to participate in tho inspection of tlio IJyo cattle from this country, landed at tho English docks, and during tho soverai months they havo boen on duty no case of contagious plouro-pneumonia has been reported._ This inspection abroad, and tho domestic inspection of tho live animal and pork products, provided for by the act of August 30, 1890, will afford a3 perfect a guaranty for the wliolesomeness of our moats offered for foreign consumption as is any whore given to any food product,and its non-acceptance will quite clearly reveal the real motivo of any continued restriction of thoiruso and, that having been mado clear, tho duty of tho Executive will be very pjaia.

Tho information given by the Sooretary of the progress and prospects of the beet sugar industry is full of interest. It has already passed the experimental stage and is a commorcial success. The aroa ovor which the sugar boet can bo successfully cultivated is very largo, and -auotlier field crop of great value is offered to the choice of the farmer.

The law relating to thooivil scrvice has, far as I can learn, been executed by thoae having tho power of appointment in the classifiod service, with fidelity and impartiality, and the service has been incroasijig satisfactorily. Tho report of the commission shows a Urge amount of good work dono during tho year with very lta' ited appropriations.

TUE LAST SESSION OF CONGRESS.

I congratulate tho Congress and the country upon the passage at tho first session ol the Fifty-first Congress of an un usual number of laws of very high Importance. That the results of this legislation will bo tho quickening and enlargement of our manufacturing industries, larger and bettor markets for our breadstuff's and provisions both at homo and abroad, more constant employment and better wages for our working pooplo, and an increased supply of a safe currency for tho transaction ol business, 1 do not doubt. Some of these moasures were enacted at solatoa period that tho botioficial effects on commerce, which were iu contemplation of Congress, have not yet but partially manifested themselves.

The general trade and industrial conditions throughout tho country during tho year havo shown a marited improvement, For many years prior to 1888 tho merchandise balances of foreign trade has been largely iu our favor, but during that yoar and tho year following they turned against us. It is very gratifying to know that the last fiscal year again shows a balance in our favor of over $s,000,000. Tho bank clearings, which furnish a good testot tho vo. unie of business transacted, for the first ton months of the year 1890 show, as compared witu the samo months of 18890. an increase for tho whole country of about 8.4 per cent., whi}e tho increase outside of the •jity of New York was over 13 per cent During tho month of October the cleat' iugs of tho whole country showed an increase of 3.1 per c6nt. over October 1889, while outside of Now York the increase was ll}j per cent. These figures show that the increase in the volume of business done was verygencral throughout the coua-. try. That this larger business was boing conducted upon a safe and profitable basis is shown by the fact that there were 300 less failures reported iu October, 1890, than in tho samo month of the preceding year, with liabilities diminished by about $5,000,000.

Tho value of our exports of domestic merchandise duriug the last year was over $115,000,000 greater than the preceding year, and was only exceeded once in our history. About $160,000,000 of this exccss was agricultural prod ucts. Tho production of pig iron—always a good gauge of general prosperity—is shown by a recent, ecn-us bulletin to have been 153 per cent, greater if 1890 than in ItbO, and the productipn oP stefrl 2WJ per cent, greater. coal ha^AlB\!-no limitations exaud lockouts WinMirany year.slncoTtSSC The depression in the priqu of agricultural products had been greatly relieved and a buoyant and hopeful tono was beginning to uofelt by all our peoples.

TIIH M'KINI.KY mi.L.

Tho apprehension that our tariff may aga.il and at once bo subjected to important general changes would undouotedl.v add a depressing influence of the most serious character. Tho general tariff act was only partially gone into operation, somo of its important provisions being limited to take effect at dates yet in the fut ure. Tho general provisions of the law havo been in lorce loss than sixty days. Its permanenteffoct upon trade and prices still largely stand in conjecture, it is curious to note that the advanco iu tho prices of articles wholly unaffected by tho tariff act was by many hastily ascribed to that act. Notice was not taken of the fact that tho general tendency of tho markets was upward from influences wholly apart from tlio recent tariff legislation. Tho enlargement of our currency by tho silver bill undoubtedly gave au upward tendency to trade and had a marked effect on prices but this natural and desired effect of tho silver legislation was by many seriously attributed to tho tariff act.

There is no wisdom in tlio suggestion that the subjoct of tariff revision shall be opened boforo this law has had a fair trial. It is quito true tbat every tariff schedule is subject to objections. No bill was ever framed, I suppose, that in all of Us rates and classifications had tho full approval even oi a party caucus. Such legislation is always and necessarily the product of compromise as to details, and tho present law is no exception. But in its general scope and effect 1 think it will justify 'the support of those who believe that Americau legislation should conserve and defend American trade aud tho wages of American workmen.

Tho misinformation as to the terms of tho act which has been widely disseminated at home and abroad, will be corrected by experience, and the evil augcrics as to its results confoundcd by the market roports, tbo savings banks, international trado balances, and tho general prosperity of our peoplo. Already we bogin to hear from abroad, and from our

A very substantial improvement in the market prices of the loading farm products during the year is noticed. The price of wheat advanced from 91 cents in October, I and that wo shall recover a proportionate 1889, to $1.00V in October, 1S90 corn Irom) participation in tho ocean-carrying trade 31 cents to 50% cents oats from 19} ccnts of the world. to 43 cents, and barley Irom 63 ccnts to 78 Tho criticisms of tho bill that have como

ccnts. Meats showed a substantial but not so largo an increase. Tlio export trade in live ?.nimnls aud fowis allow a very large increase tho total value of such exports for tho year ending Juno MO, 1890, was $:(3,000,000*und tho increase over the precedingyeur was over .$15,000,000. Nearly 200,000 moro cattle aud ovor 45,000 more hogs were exported than in tlio preceding year. The export traao in beef and pork products and in dairy products was very largely increased, tho increase in the articlo of butter alono being from 15,504,978 pounds to 29,758,042' pounds, total increase the

J-

Customs Houses

that tho prohibitory effect upon importas ticn imputodto tho act is not justified. The imports at the port of NewYork for the first threo weeks of November were nearly 8 per cent, greater than for the same period 1889'arid 29 per cent, greater than lor the samo period of 1888. And so far from being an act to limit exports, 1 confidently believe that under it wo shall socuro a larger and more profitable participation in foreign trado than wo have ever enjoyed

to us from foreign sourcos may well be rejected for repugnancy. If these ccritics really believe tbat the adoption by us of a freo trado policy, or of tariff rates having reference solely to revenue, would dimiuisli the participation of their own countries in tho commerce of the world, their advocacy and promotion by speech aud other forms of organized effort of this movement among our peoplo is a rare exhibition of unselfishuoss in trade. And, Jon tho other baud, if tboj sincoroly believe that the adoption of a protective tariff policy by this country inuros to their profit and our hurt, it is noticeobly

strango that they should lead tbo outcry ulent practices which mnv against tho authors of a policy so helpful I wnicn_ may

to their countrymen, and crown with their favor thoso who would snatch from thom a substantial share of a trado with ether ands already iuadequato to their nccessitios. 'I here Is no disposition among any of our people to promoto prohibitory or retaliatory legislut'on. Our policies are adoptod not to tho hurt of others, but to securo for ourselves thoso advantages that fairly grow out of our favored position as a nation. Our form of government, vitti its incident of universal suffrage, makos it imperative that wo shall savo our working people from tho agitations and distresses which scant work and wages that havo no margin for comfort always beget. But after all this is dono it will be found that our markets aro open to friendly commercial exchanges of enormous value to tho other great powers. •From tho time of my induction into ofilco tho using of tho power and lnfiuonce given by law to tho Executive Department for the dovolopmentof larger markets for our products. especially our larm products, has been kept constantly inmind, and no effort has been or will be spared to promote that end. Wo are under no disadvantage in any foreign market except that wo pay our workmen and workwoinon better wages than aro paid elsewhere—better abstractly, better relatively to tho cost of tho necessaries of life. I do not doubt that a vor.v largely increased foreign trade Is acccssiv bio to us without bartering for such products of tho farm and shop as our own pooplo can supply, or tho wages of our working peoplo.

ItECIPHOCAI. TRADE CONCESSIONS.

In many of tbo products of wood and iron, and in meats aud breadstuffs, wo havo advantages that only need better facilities of intercourse and transportation to secure for them largo foreign markets. The reciprocity ciauso of tho tariff act wisely and effectively opens tho way to secure a largo reciprocal trade in exchange for the frro admission to our ports of certain products. Tho right of independent nations to make special recipro cal trade concessions is well established, aud does not impair oither tho comity due to other powers of what is kuown as the "Favored Nation Clause," so generally found in commorcial treaties. What is given to ono for an ado:juat agreed consideration can not bo claimed by anothu' freely. Tho State of tlio rovenuos was such that we could dispenso with any

im­

port duties upon coffee, tea, hidos. and the lower grades of sugar aud mola^cs. That tho large advantage resulting to tho countries'producing aud exporting tlieso articles by placing them on the tree list, on titled us to expect a fair return in tlio way of customs concessions upon articles exported by us to them so obvious that to have gratuitously abandoned this portunity to enlargo our trado would have been an unpardonable error.

There aro but two methods of obtainin control of this question ooen to Congress: To placo all of theso articles upon tho dutiable list subject to such treaty agreements as could bo scoured, or to placo them all presently upon th» freo list, but subject to the roimposition of specifled duties if the couutries from waich wo receive them should refuse to give to us suitablo bonofits. This latter method, I think, possessed great advantages.*

It expresses in advance

tho consent of Congress to reciprocity arrangements affecting thoso products which must otherwise have boon delayed and unascertained until each treaty was ratified by the Senate and tho necessary legislatiou enacted by Congress. Experience has shown that somo treaties looking to reciprocal trade havo lailed to securo a two-thirds voto in tho Senate for ratification, and others having passed that stage have for years awaited tho concurrence of tho House aud Senate in such modifications of our revenue laws as were necessary to give effect to their provisions. Wo now have tho concurrences of both bouses In advance in distinct and definite offer of tree entry to our ports of specific articles. Tlio Executive is not required, to deal in conjcctures as to what Congress will accept, Indeed, this reciprocity provision is more than an offer, uur part of tho bartrain is complete: delivery has been made and when tho countries from which we receive sugar, cotlce, tea and hides havo placed on their free lists sueh of our pros

hopeful of early and favoratilo" action by the countries irom which we receive ouv largo imports of coffoe and suirar, and it is confidently believed that if steam communication with these countries can bo promptly improved and oiiiargod, tho next year will show a gratilying increase in our exports ol breadstuffs aud provisions, as weil as of some important lines of manufactured goods.

The President makes various recommendations as to Legislations. Mo urges the passago of tho apportionment and appropriation bills and tho development ol Americau steamship lines.

Tho use of tho telegraph by the Po^toflico Department as a means for tho rapid transmissions of written communications is, 1 believe, upon proper terms, quito desirable. The Governmentdoes not own or operato tho railroads, and it should not, I think, own or operato any telegraph lines. It does, however, seem to bo quito practicable for tho Government to contract with the telegraph companies, as it does witl

rail

the railroad companies, to carry at specified rates such communications as tho senders may designate for this incthcd of transmission. I recommend that such legislation bo enacted as will enable tho Postoffice Department fairly to test and experiment tho advantages ot tho telegraph.

FEDERAL EI.liCTION CONTIIOI,.

If any intelligent and loyal company of American citizens were required to catalogue tho cstontial human conditions of National life, 1 do not doubt that with abso lute unanimity they would begin with free and honest elections." And it is gratifying to know generally thero is a growing and noil partisan demand lor bets ter election laws. But against this sign of hope and progress must be set the depressing and undeniable fact that election laws aro sometimes cunningly contrived to scouro minority control, whilo violence completes tho shortcomings of fraud.

iu the profit and our hurt, it is noticeobly representatives any ovidonco of fraud- ufacture' oi freaks.—Philadelphia Beo

not an

In my last annual messago I suggested that the dovolopmont of tho existing law providing a Federal supervision of Congressional elections offered an effective method of reforming theso abuses. The need of such a law has manifested itself in many parts of tho country, and its wholesome restraints and penalties will be useful in all. The constitutionality of such legislation has been affirmed by the Supremo Court. Its probable effectiveness is evidenced by the character of tho opposition that is made to it. It has been denounced as if it were a new exorciso of federal power and an invasion of tho rights of tho States. Nothing could bo further from tho truth. Congress has already fixed the time for tho election of members of Congress. It has declared that votes for members of Congress must be by written or printed ballot it has provided for the appointment by tbo Circuit Courts in certain cases, and upon tho petition of a certain number of citizens, of election supervisors, and mado it their duty to supervise tho registration of votors conducted by the State oflicers to challenge persons offering to register to personally inspect and scrutinizo tho registry list and to affix their names to the lists for tho purpose of identification and tno prevention or fraud to attend at elections and remain with tho boxes till the votes aro all cast and counted, to attach to tho registry lists and election returns any statement touching tho accuracy and fairness of tho registry and election, and to take and transmit to tho clork of the representatives any ovidonco of fraud-

bo pra^

provides for tho appointment ot deputy Umiod States marshals to attoud all tho polls, support tho supervisors in tho dischargo of their duties, and to arrost persons violating tho election laws. The provisions of this familiar title of tho revised statutes have been put into oxerciso by both the great political parties, and in tho North as well as in tho South, by tho filing with tho court of tho petitions required by law.

It is not, thereforo, a question whether wo shall havo a Federal election law, for wo now have one, and have had for nearly twenty years, but whether we shall have an effective law. Tho prosont law s'.ops just short of offoctivoness, for it surrenders to the local authorities all control over tho certification which establishes the prima facie right to a seat in the House of Kepresontatives. This dofoct shou'd bo cured. Equality of representation and tho purity of the electors must bo maintained or everything that is valuable in our svstem of government is lost. Tho qualifications of au elector must bo sought in tae law, not in tho opinions, prejudices or fears of any class, however powerful. Tho path of tho elector to the ballot box must be free from tho ainbush of fear aud tho enticements of fraud tho count so truo and open that none shall gainsay it. Such a law should bo absolutely non-partisan and impartial. It should give the advautago to honosty and tho control to the majorities. Surely, there is nothing sectional about this creed, and if it shall happen that tho penaltiosof laws intended to en forco theso rights fall hero and not thero, it is not because the law is sectional, but because unhappily crimo is local and universal. Nor should it bo forgotten that every law whether relating to elections or to any other subject, whether enacted by the State or by tho Nation, has forco behind it. Tho courts, tho marsliall or constable, the posse comitus. tho prison, are all and always behind the law. Ono can not be charged with unfriendliness to any section or class who soeks only to restrain violations of law and of personal right. No community will find lawlessness profitable. No community can afford to have it known that the officers who are charged with tho preservation of the puulic peace and tho restraint of tho criminal classes aro themselves the product of lraud or vioduct of fraud or violence. The magistrate is then without respect and tho law without auction. liut it is said that this legislation will revivo race animosities, and some have even sugcested that when the peacelul methons ol fraud are made imprssible, they maybe supplanted by intimidation and violence.

It tue proposed law gives to any qualified elector, by hair's wciuht, inoro than its equal influence, or detract? by so much from any other qualified elector, it is fatally impeached, liut if the law is equal, and the animosities it is to ovoke grow it of the lact that somo electors liavo been accustomed t-o exercise tlio franchise for others as well as for themselves, then theso animosities ought not to bo confessed without shame, and can unt bo given any weight iu tho discussion without dishonor. No choice is loit to me but to enforce with vigor all laws intended to securo to tho citizens his constitutional rights,and to recommend that tho inadequacies of such laws bo promptly remedied, If to promote with zeal and ready interest every project for tho development of its material interests, its rivers, liar' orw, mines and factories, and tho intelligence, peace and security under the law of its communities and its homes is not nccoptcd as sufficientovidencoof friendliness to any State or section, I can not add connivance atelectiou practicos that not only disturb local results, but rob tho electors of other States and sections of their most priceless political rights.

DIAMOND TBIEVt-S.

Xcw and Ingenious Scheme Tliat. is Now Extensively Used by l'rofcssionats.

L'htongo Post.

The rlisiiDond tlioif is abroad in tho land at tho present timo in cons.derubb? numbers— Ho perplexes, the jew«» jfiicr and makes lii-H^Qiijcstion the "•hOQr.., tbiof is an LntellecliuvL-toriminti't. jes not resort to audacious meitsures. If "no does you may bo sure that he is

artist in his lino, and his bold­

ness generally interferes with his plans no mailer liovv well laid tlicy may bo. Hero is where culining is prolitablo. Tho man who writes au urgent letter to a jeweler asking him to send a clerk to his room where ho is conlined by an accident, and then when tho elerk comes with the jewels utUnupU to knock tho clerk down and rob liiin— this thioPis a bungler. It is tho fellow of an ingenious turn of mind who runs the least chance of boing detected and caught.

The diamond thief sometimes conics alone. Sometimes thero aro two oi them. They aro close observers of tho human physiognomy, especially the eyes of the person waiting upon them. The plan of these gentlemen with tho dextrous fingers is this: They come in and carefully inspect tho tray of pins or rings that is set before them for examination. Some special design is mentally seized upon, and the men take their departure. Tho noxl .• step is to have a clover imitation mado of this design. With this in their possession they call again and ask tc look at tho same tray. The paste pin that is to be substituted for tho genuine is held tightly in tho hand that is engaged in handling the genuine diamonds. When a convenient opportunity is presented the attention of the clerk is called to anothor pin in the case that pleases tho supposed prospective buyer's fancy. Whilo the clerk's eyes and fingers aro engaged in getting the new object, the change is mado as quick as a Hash the thiol lishes among the tray that he was first examining, with the remark that there is nothing in it that htf wants, and by- •«. and-by ho takes his departure, in each tray thero art-a certain numbor of pins or rings, and tho elerk usually casts his eye over them to seo that, each placo has an articlo in it. If those places are all full it is not likely that he will carefully oxamino each articlo to seo that no substitution has been mado. It is not an easy matter to catch a theif who has rohbeil a store v. in this way, as some time usually elapses between the theft and the discovcry. Thero are a number of these light-lingered erontry in this city at present,.'and they aro making tho hie of the jewoler very uncomfortable.

Wl

Tho great water power at Niagara Falli has boen at last turned to use, in the man. utecturs'ol frcaka.-—Philadnlphta Record.

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