Crawfordsville Review, Crawfordsville, Montgomery County, 30 March 1889 — Page 8

BAKING POWDER

SSOlUTt

POWDER

Absolutely Pure.

This powder tiev«r vanes, A marvm ol purli* Hrcnuln ft: (1 whoiueiiHieneij?. Mum «u' onilei' thon the ordinary kind:*, ami ciitmol lie sold ii' competition wuh Use innltltmli nl IOW le*' short weight iilnm or phosphate ii-iwdcrt.. .siW

UILVA:. I!AKI« 1»'I

only in cans. Wall St. York

Novelties.

We received this week, by express from our buyers who are in New York, a big line of Silk, and Silk and Wool Novelties and Pattern Dresses. They are very choice and are ours exclusively in this market. To these we add an elegant assortment of New Spring Dress Goods, surpassing in quantity and variety anything we have ever shown.

L. S. MS (I CO.

INDIANAPOLIS.

itllY

GOODS.

Hurry Paul's

Spring

New

Goods.

We have just opened and placed on sale

100 pieces ot new French Sateens, choice styles, elegant colors, at a vtry low price.

25 pieces new Henrietta cloth in all the new spring shades. 8ee them.

44) pieces all silk faced Plush at 60c per yard, worth $1.

B0 pieces Ladies' Cloth for spring wear, at 40c, per vard, worth GOc.

10,000 lbs ot onr Celebrated Carpet. Chain, All Colors that notwithstanding the advance in cotton we are selling at the old price

Campbell Bros

pENETTE

Springfield, Mo., Republican: llauy Paul, until recently clerk in tho hardware sim-e ol W. 0. K«iStm A Co., lies ouibeizled $75 belonging lo tin? M-comi Cumberland Vrvnb.vteiian church, colored, thie city, anil is mm supposed to he out of leach "f the .tiller! The crime wits commit .id last Tuesday but its publication lias been held bat to enable tin* ollicers to gel track ol Paul mm capture linn if possible.

Paul is ii young man. hardly of isszc, l-ui the circumstances ni his enme show that In' has early learned tin* ways of the world. A short time ago tin: inislfi'.s uf the Cumberland l'resbyterian church, colored, employed l'aui as their agent to buy Tor them a piece ol laud adjacent to their property. Paul bought the b'«l of Calim A Co., the agents in whose ham:. sale had been placed, paid for it *'500 wm lie received from the trustees, and recv ivcd a warranty deed convey nig it Troin tin ••-. nets to himself. He ill turn made a ipilt claim need to the trustees of the church, hut the 'alter fulled to record it and through the same accident they lost it.. Wishing to realize on the property they authorized Paul to sell it, winch he did at an advance of $10 per foot, or for the sum of ifr875. This sale was made to E.

H. Grabill on Monday, Mr. Grabill not knowing of course of the quit claim deed which had not been recorded, but supposing that the title rested entirely in Paul. Paul, realizing that so far as any instruments of record were concerned he had a complete title to the land, immediately after he got the money into his hands on Monday night or Tuesday morning, took the train for Crawfonlsville, Intl., where his father lives.QEfTorts were made at ouce to get track of him, and yesterday he was located. Acting on a complaint filed by Win. Smith, one of the trustees of the church, charging Paul with embezzlement, Marshal Pat Hays telegraphed the Marshal Vf Crawfonlsville to arrest Paul. Later in the day a telegram was received announcing that the arrest had been made, but that Pawl's father, who is a lawyer, had gotten liiin out of jail on a writ of habeas corpus. This is the last development of the matter so far as heard from and it is probable that Paul i3 now ou his way to Canada or some other place where he will be out of the reach of the law.

A Hoy ami a Sliot-Gun.

Coroner Brimiley received a telegram from the trustee of Eugene township on lastMouday afternoon to come up and bold au inquest. Mr. Briudley went up ou the afternoon train, and furnishes the particulars of the shockiug accident which ended the life of young Aaron Golden, aged 17 years. On last Thursday morning March 25, young Golden, who resided six miles southwest of Eugene, concluded he would go hunting. He lived with his widowed mother, and about a quarter of a mile from her house resided his sister, Mrs. Alice Humricliouse, recently married. He went to his sister's and got a double barreled shot gun and started to the woods by himself. Nothing more was seen of him until between 10 and 11 o'clock on last Monday morning, when his sister, Mrs. Humricliouse, found him about a quarter of a mile from her house, a short distance in the woods, lying ou his back, dead, with the right side of his face, froui his mouth up to his temple, torn and mutilated. His right ear had been eaten off close up to his head by hogs and the terrible wound he received made him present a ghastly appearance. ,,

His relatives had searched all over the couutry from the day he was missing, and made inquiries of all the neighbors, but could not find or hear anything of him until he was found by his sister ou Monday. The gun, with one barrel empty, was lying at, his feet. It is supposed lie had cocked the gun to shoot a squirrel, and as he was carelessly stepping arouud ou the side of the hill, where he was fouud, that the trigger caught on to something and and discharged the lead into the side of his head.— Hoosier State.

County Oratorical Contest. The committee on county contest met at the office of the Co. Supt. last Saturday. The contest will be held on April 20 at 8 p. m. at the Y. M, C. A. hall. An admission fee of 15 cents will be charged, children 10 cents. All the contestants of the various townships before entering the county contest shall on or before one o'clock p. in., April 15, present a certificate to the committee on credentials signed by the township committeeman. The certificate must be accompanied by the membership fee, which is ?5. The following persons compose the committee on credentials: C. W. Schleppy, J. \V. Warfel and J. S. Zook. The contestants shall bo arranged on the program in the following order,as determined by lot: Madison,

Franklin, Scott, Brown, Sugar Creek, Walnut, Coal Creek, Clark, Uuion, llipley, Wayne. Tho committee will meet at the oflice of the Co. Supt. at 1 o'clock p. 111., Saturday, April 20.

C. W. ScHLEPi'i, WJ. B. EVANS, I) Chairman. Sec'y

4'mu-^w

44) pieces English cashmere, all the new colors, at 25c. The best goods for the money ever soil.

5,000 yards of heavy Men's Shirting at 6c. worth 10c. A great bargain.

player.

case of Gonorrhea,

Gleet or Whites, no matter how bad or lon2 standing. By mail 81. PKN BTTB MJ3D. CO., Lafayette, Ind. Sold by Nye & Co

Pro

Tem.

'C'l BASK HA 1.1, OTKS.'

The Peoria club will have five of onr last season's players.

McGmley, the umpire that favored Crawfonlsville and then put them 111 the soup, will call the balls for the Tri-State League this season.

The Ladoga Stars, which was the strongest amateur club in the county last year, intends to reorganize and will put up a good game this season,

Hendricks, the pitcher who was with the Rockfords last year and threw the ball over the grand stand while playing 111 this city, will play ball with the club at Colorado Springs this year.

Cbatley Prescott, who has been here this week, says that Tread way, the big left fielder of Des Moines, will play with the Milwaukee club this year, and has promise of being a fine

i. IIcIIn ,1

III ill ions

Mrs. Hetty Green, tho eccentric old lady sometimes referred to as the "witch of Wall street," has leal estate, stocks, bonds and diamonds reputed to be worth *40,000,000. Mrs. Green dresses with uncommon plainness, has an aversion for society, and weighs 180 pounds. She has diamonds valued at $150,000, but rarely wears any of them, and regards them simply as so much\aluahle property. "Buy

KI) UC ATIO N A I. NOT KS.

Schools closed in Ripley township this week.

Frank Hobson has returned home from Montana.

Graduating exercises lit Alamo on April 27,

18811.

Spnng term iu Madison township began last Monday.

Send an'Heui to the oducatio:t column of the Ruviuw.

Special examination for graduation at Waveianii. April 5.

E. N. Canine closed a successful school at

Hrownsvalle.v. •lohti Winter, a Boone county teacher, was in the city, Monday.

Horns will teach a spring term in Son

ar Creek township.

Chsis. .Morris, of Mace, graduates from the

Stale Normal this year.

Fred Sheet'/. and Ora Nolatul have closed successful school ut Longview.

,1, M. Hose makes bis annual quitting the business of teaching again this year.

Seven applicants were successful from Franklin township, ot whom two were boys.

Of the nlno successful applicants in Union township for graduation seven are girls.

There were five ladies and two gentlemen on examination for graduation at Alamo last Saturday.

Those wishing to be transferred for school purposes should not give as a reason a poor school or high taxes as neither is recognized by the law.

Persons wishing to be transferred from one I corporation to another can do so by showing a good cause, if attended to during the mouths of, March or April.

The Madison township teachers for the spring term are J. M. Hose, Dr. H. R. Shotts, W. 1). Jones, Etta Campbell, Lizzie Miller, Tilla Ew-: ing, Hannah and Hannah Muhleisen.

There never was a time when there was as•' great a demand for trained teachers as the present. If the common schools are to be the hope of our country those who teach should bo com-' peteut.

Alice Kashner, of Darlington, having secured

Loclce,' the philosopher, valued a good char-1

care ou the part of those whose duty it is to select next year's teachers. The teachers of Montgomery county have long felt the need of a communicating medium. The School Room waB tried for one year but once a month proved to be too slow for the progressive teachers. We now have the offer of a column in the REVIEW. Will you improve the opportunity?

The parent who leaves his children a legacy does well, but he who leaves them 111 a condition to accumulate their own fortune does bettei. So with the teacher who fills tho mind with good and useful knowledge does well, but he who train3 the young mind to get its own knowledge does better.

We occasionally meet a man who says six months is a longer term than is necessary to educate the youth and generally cites examples of some talented men as examples in proof of his theory, but he should remember all pupils are not quick to learn but being slow retain almost alii so our experience says we should have from eight to nine months each year, so as to give the slow boy equal advantages with

the quick wits. Envious teacher brings out an important point in laat week's issue in regard to the girls leading in our declamatory contests, and be might have continued that the graduating class from the city high school last year contained but one young man. The class this year is most, ly girls, aud that the condition of affairs is the same in regard to tlie common school graduates. We would be glad to have an abler pen than ours discuss the problem. ^^INDIANAPOLIS, March 18,1880. To COUNTY SUPERINTENDENTS.—Gentlemen:

READING CIRCLE EXAMINATION. At a recent meeting of the Reading Circle board of directors it was decided to hold the annual examination on the second Saturday of September iustead of the third Saturday in June as heretofore,

Preparatory to this examination there will be printed a sufficient number of questions upon each of the books of this year's course to review eacli carefully, and these questions will be sent to county superintendents in June for distribution to tbejmembers of the circle.

Tho board will select from these questions those to be used upon the regular examination in September, printed and sent to county superintendents in time for that examination.

If there should be members who desire to lake the examination in any of the work of former years, the secretary should be notified of the fact so that such questions may be prepared, otherwise only those for this year will be sent OUt. D. M. (iKEi'INO,

till

Secretary.

Last week of the Ha*, Sale closing March 30th at Epli. Joel's. krjss

Slarcli. April, May

Are the months in which to purify the blood, as the system is now most susceptible to benefit from the medicine. Hence is now tune to take Hood's sarsaparilla, a medicine peculiarly adapted for that purpose, possessing peculiar curative powers, it expels every impurity from the blood, aud also gives it vitality and richness. It creates an appetite, tones the digestion invigorates the liver, and gives new life and enery to every function of the body. The testimony of thousand, as to the great benefit derived from Hood's sarsaparilla, should convince everybody that it i9 peculiarly the best blood pnrilier and spring medicine.

Sold by all druggists. F-'.t-lt

Inti'i'cstins: to Horse Owners. Edison's Electric Spavin Cure positively moves Bone Spavin, Ringbone, Splint 01 Curb 111 72 hours without pain. Particulars, lllnstrated circulars aud testimonials sent, upon receipt of a wo-cent stamp. ml'l 8m

tell you to stop," is the pertinent order ?.irs. Green usually gives to her broker when she is after any particular railroad stock. I11 this way she has often boomed a certain slock, and when the profit suite! her she would give the order to half a dozen other brokers, "Sell till I tell you to stop."

NICHOLS ''o., 10 W. 11th St., New York.

Harrows. Wo have all kinds, spring tooth aud steel frame, prices lower than ever.at Tinsley & Martin's. tf.

GARDEN SEED.—We have all kinds of pure, fresh seed, TINSLEY .t MARTIN.

STATIC NEWS.

Anderson may take in more territory.

Richmond lodged (102 trumps In five month".

New hotel would look well to Covingto::lans.

Big bone in-wl mill being built at Seinnnit.

Thirteen saloons furnish the beer for Delphi guzzlers.

Alleged silver producing ore, found near Spencer.

Showmen rotten-egged on the streets of Madison.

Alleged consumptive cured at Fort Wayno by prayer.

Curs at Fortville wear their faces a la base ball catcher.

The Times think Brazil should have a military company.

Wirelines' public library opens April 1, with 1,500 volumes.

Works going ahead ou the big straw-board works at Wabash.

Lnporte merchants have organized aud dead beats will bo listed.

Old cemetery a disgrace to Washington. Conditions dilapidated.

Wabash: North Indiana M. E. conference holds atLaGrauge, April 3.

Madisou calls for a stone pile with ball and chain attachment for tramps.

Decatur can get a carriage factory employ iug 00 hands by raising $1,500.

Tiie works of the Lafayette oil tank line were burned Thursday. Loss 15,000.

Review says Elkhart is the "city of bridges."' Have ID inside of corporate limits.

Eleven cows iu the pouud in one night is the way they do business at Brazil.

Prophets who declare that the fruit crop will be a failure are getiug iu their work as usual.

Franklin's stone pile and chains are deadeiiers on tramps. They now circle arouud the town.

O. & M. road will change divisions Sunday, when Washington will become a division terUrminus.

a 21-inonths' license, now goes to the State Nor- His tongue was all coated and thick as a rope, mul for methods to practice in the school room "u

,a^'''s lnout-'1 ('u'tu fiuoKested

next year, an example worthy of being 1 And over the surface crept sly little chill". TW™,, W,, IQ.,M lowed."*1' And he asked tor a box of SMAIL'S LlVEK PILLS, ^leart

.jii'i

B-AJS a.

iW ioSJ1 ILLS

rSr

I av O

soft

Ani1 llB

«°l

acter far above intellectual development. Such He opened the box with the slyest of skill,

being the fact it will necessarily require much A-'"' shot himself iu the mouth with a pill I Then sat himself down

eart

ll-

aud with gripings he

fought,

To reflect on results of this medical shot, Aud he reflected,

Tliere were heavings within and quiverings without A liver upheaved and turned inside out A new man was formed from the wreck in a trice, Aud twenty-five cents per box was the price.

Cheap enough. tl

Cured by an Accident

Washington avenue hotel-koepe* £eUa a curious story of how he got rid Of an ailment by an accident. About five years ago he fell through a trap door in a Higginsville store, and, being a heavily built man, was quite badly hurt. When, after being confined to the house for several weeks, he got around again, he discovered that he could scarcely open his mouth, his jaws having become stiffened. Thinking that after a time his jaws would relax, he did not consult a doctor and said nothing about his trouble. They did not resume their natural condition, and as he became accustomed to eating soup and

munching his food he concluded to let matters stand as they were. When the Sleight lire occurred, a eouplc of weeks ago, among those who came to witness the conflagration was this hotel-keep-er. He stood on Bernstein's corner, and, as the water from the hose came over that way, he started to avoid it. He slipped and fell to the sidewalk, and as he struck there was a snapping' of something in his jaw as if a bone had broken. He got up, and as he answered an inquiry from a bystander as to whether he was injured, was agreeably surprised to find that his jaws had relaxed and that his ailment of live years was gone. —Kingston (NT. Y.) Leader.

CUUKD BY OLD SPECIALIST PHYSICIAN. Pottle of Medicine free. We arrant our remedy to cure the worst CIIKI!?, and the only [iliVBiclans who do thie to pre

vent yonr heina Imposed upon by men uxing fulsc names and who are not Doctors Because mhci'M tinted .s no reason for not using this medicine. Clive Express and Postottlce address. It costB vou nothing. Address Asahel Medical Bureau, •2!ll Biondwiiv, New York.

.We Are Still Here.

It having been rumored about that we had sold out and were going to leave Crawfordsville, I wisb to inform the public that the above is false in every particular, and has only been started by some of our competitors who have become alarmed at the magnitude of the large business we are doing. Phil. Joseph's store is still here.

is at

the old place. The only difference is that Abe Levinson, the old manager's now sole proprietor, and will continue to give you better bargains than ever before.

ABE LEVINSON,

Successor to Phil Joseph.

DR. ROR1CK,

•I l.l.uW 'ill! ipi' ol rmuiv 1H-!I. \UU

•|V.:»"U: S i:*'.iN, 1 i|. .Old putielil ttld K\:il!liu lit! loul l.nltt !L II. II

UIU CIITOL K: 1) ECI,

IDIR,. IF1. IEE- RORICK,

LATE OF

BELLEVUE HOSPITAL, NEW YORK CITY.

Ably assisted by a full corps of couir^tont physicians and surgeons, treats with nnparalellefl success all Chronic, Nervous, Skin and Blood diseases of every nature upon the latest scientific principles. He particularly invites all WIIOBO cas«a have been neglected, badly treated, or pronounced incurable. Patients who are doing well under the care of their own physicians need not call on us, as our province is to treat those "who cannot find relief otherwise. No money required of responsible parties to commence treatment.

COMMON SENSE AS APPLIED TO MEDICINE•. It is well known by aU intelligent observers that it is impossible for any person, no matter how highly endowed by nature or acquirements, to become thoroughly conversant with all the divisions of tnp science of medicine. Nearly all who have attained distinction in medicine have at their life work.

made some special department

being fitted therofor by natural adaptation or selection, special education and^ezpenonce. The ding ime UICJJU Oin^llUVlUI. UO UMV/1IL0 Lilt) lUUUIVUJIS }1(V111 nuivtl AD ^ICblUlIU W WTO lfllW 1 not and never has been the practice of country doctors: Ho carefully notes the

doctor having devoted several years to the special study of chronic diseases in hospitals and gen- ... 's for finding ont diseased con-

eral practice, and having the most recent and improved instruments ditions in the organs of the body, ho proposes to devote the whole of his time to tho practice of iHowing plan, which is peculiar to the large hospitals, and is of country doctors: Ho carefully notes tne symptoms of tho patient, ascertains the condition of tho internal organs, examines the Eye, Ear, N9B0 and Throat by tho most approved instruments and methods, all of which ho carefully records in his register for future reference. In this way, he ascertains the true nature of the disease and its cause. Knowing tho disease, he knows tho changes it produces in tho tissues, and, knowing the changes, ho checks them with specific remedies, and places his patient on the high road to recovery. When sick people consult him he readily tells them whether he can cure or holp them, or if they are boyond hope.

SCIENTIFIC EXAMINATIONS.

Tho examinations are in accordance with anatomical and physical science, as he •will convince the most skeptical. By an examination he will convince anyone of tho nature and extenof disease, amount of danger to life, and chance of a perfect cure. Believing that science is trutk and "truth is mighty and will prevail" when known, and knowing that disease can be cured with positive certainty, he invites the afllicted to call and receive advice free and be cured of their diseases. There is no subject that requires so much Btudy and experience as the treatment and cure of chronic diseases. The astonishing success and remarkable cures performed by him is due to a thorough knowledge of the structure and functions of the human system, and the cure of disease® by their natural remedies. Let those given up by others call for examination. He has successfully treated the following diseases since his arrival in this state: Eye and Ear diseases, Chronio Diarrhoea, Chronic Inflammation of the Womb, Chronic Inflammation_of the Bladder, Painful or Irregular Menstruation. Fever Sores and Ulcers, Incontinence of Urine, Tape Wonns. Crooked Limbs and Enlarged Joints, Spinal Curvatures, Club Foot, Hip Joint Disease, White Swelling, Discharging Abscesses, Barrenness, Nervousness and General Debility. Impotency, Diseases of the

Will

give $t,00 for any case of failure. YOVNG MEN who through ignoranco or I the careless exuberance of youthful spirits, have beon unfortunate and find themselves in I danger of losing their health and embittering their after lives may call with full confidence. I DR. RORICK has attained the most wonderful success in the treatment of cases to which he devotes his special attention. After years of experience lie has discovered the moBt infallible method of curing weaknesses in the back or limbs, involuntary discharges, impopotency, general debility, nervousness, languor, confusion of ideas, palpitation of the heart, loss of memory, trembling and timidity, diseases of the nose, throat and lungs, affections of the liver, stomach and bowels—those terrible disorders arising from the solitary habits of youth and secret practices, blighting the most radiant hopes and rendering marriage impossible.

EPILEPSY, or Fits, positively cured by a now and never-failing method. FREE EXAMINATION OF THE VRINE,

REFERENCES: Prof.

-V '.*T' Have just received a nice line of

•I •"•««F of tlie

I:I| cm 'i no?!! Iii I in mi. One day ,.u:y.

fit CVH .t..ici..vulo, ou L-rloi :it the

Blotches, Pimples, Skin Diseases, Dyspepsia, Consti-

Kidneys and Bladder, Leucorrhea or Whites, tilotcbes, iJ implL_, iation. Dropsy, Cancer, Epileptic Fits, Erysipelas, Gravel, Goitre, Gleet, Gonorrhoea, Hydrocele, Disease, Headache, Piles, Hysteria, Syphilis, St. Vitus Dance. Chronic Dysontary, Fistula in Ano, Hernia or Rupture, Ovarian Tumors, Paralysis, Prolapsus Uteri, Bronchitis, Asthma^CaCotarrh, Scrofula, Consumption, Chronic Congh, Female Weakness, Spermatorrhoea, Rheumatism, etc. All surgical operations performed.

bisease, Headache, tiles. Hysteria,

Jysentary,

Bronchitis, Asthma.

PRIVATE DISEASES.—Blood Poison, Syphilis, Gonorrhoea, Gleet, Stricture, Hydrocole, LOBB of Sexual Power and any diseases of the genito-urinary organs speedily and permanently cured. No risks incurred. Consultation free and strictly confidential. Medicine sent free from observation to all parts of the United States.

MIDDLE AGED MEN, who find their vigor and vitality weakened by the trace# of old complaints and their bodies racked with pnin at a time when they should spend their declining years in peace and comfort, should consult Dr. Rorick at once and find tho sympathy and relief they positively require. Hiscuresaro thorough and permanent.

DISEASES OF WOMEN.—Wo shaU continue as heretofore, to treat with our best consideraton and skill the diseases peculiar to women. Onr operations for Fistula, Ruptured Cervix Utori, Ruptured Perineum, and for Stricture of tho Cervical Canal, a condition resulting in Sterility, have been alike gratifying both to ourselves and to our patients.

JEWELERS AND OPTICIANS

If your Watches, Clocks

Each person applying for medical treat

ment should send or bring an ounce of their urine, which will receivo a careful chomicol and microscopical examination/ REMARKAELE CURES perfected in old eases which have hern neglected or nnskillfully treated. No experiments or failure. Parties treated by mail and expiess, but wliero possiblo personal consultation preferred. Curable cases gnaranteed^ List of questions free.

gnaranteed. .List of questions free. Western address, DR. RORICK, TOLEDO,OHIO,

T. R. Pooley, M*. D., Surgeon to New York Opthalmic and Aura

Instituto 0. S. Yander Poel. M. D.. Surgeon to Manhattan Eyo and Ear Hospital, New York Prof. August C. Bernays, A. M., M. D., 51. R. C. S., Profopsi of Anatomy St. Louis CoUego Physicians and Surgeons, St. Louis, Mo. Prof. H. S. Grreno, A. M.. M. D., Professor Orthopoedic Surgery, Florida University also, Commercial National Bunk, Chicago, 111.

or Jewelry need any repaying take them to

IRost Sc Ott)o,

Jewelers and ^Opticians,

Of Orawfordsville, and they will not only make them run? but keep accuratetime. Remember the place, NO. Ill SOUTH WASHINGTON STREET.

CASH DRY GOOD!, HOUSE.

Z&Ml WLLS0M. SONS'

Spring and Summer Goods

Consisting of Henriettas, Cashmeres, Flannels, Novelty Plaids and Stripes, Jamestown Single and Double Fold Worsted, French and American Salines, French Ginghams, Calicos. Muslin Shirtings, in fact, everything kept 111 a first-class dry goods house. An elegant line of Satines from 10 to 35c per yard Henriettas from 20c to $1 per yard. Ladies' Muslin Underwear, regardless of cos:. Ladies'Jersey Underwear at surprisingly low prices. A line line of Fichus from .$1.25 to $10. Silk Umbrellas and Parasols, from the cheapest to the best. Lace Curtains at a bargain. A lot of Kid Gloves, Nos. 6, and 7^, at a bargain. Give us a call and examine our goods and prices before you buy. Cash Dry Goods House.

E. 6 Wilson & Sons,

/V V" 1 homas Block, East Main-st., Crawlordsvtlle, Ind.

Watch This

r1-