Crawfordsville Review, Crawfordsville, Montgomery County, 13 July 1861 — Page 2

wwif Review.

CRAWFOROSVILLE, IND Saturday, July 13, 1861.

COMPIKT«ON

••WHmtm* mm* 7"^ conveniences were forgotten.

A E S O W E !*•. IO, (ilrrcii Slrrrl.

I A I O N

LAROF.K THAN ANY i'AI'KH Hl lil.ISHK!) IN t'rnnfonlirilli' Advcrliarrs. call un and -nr

OF eiK

TWIil.t'TH

This week'." paper completes tlie twe volume of the Crawfordsville Jlevieir. For eight vcar» wi: have published regular ly, without interiniojion, the organ the Montgomery Democracy. I'ur.ng th long period we have battled tor the principles of that grand old [-.arty, sharing in common wi'h the rank and file Us triumph.--ihrow in the

last

bod adversities. f'H ov• rt Presidential c.viiip.vign ha:- plunged our loved country into a civti war, the ex'er and duration of which no one can forcsei At present, madness rules the hour, th voicc of reason is drowned in the fie re tumult of passion and fanaticism. T,» tlie Democracy, the conservative .... ... the country, we look in eo ilide e."! to restore, with its b-nign influenee, I hat fraternal feeling that c:m only save us as a nntion. Our humble eflorts in tlie future shall be to counsel peace n:id pn-erve ietact the constitution as bequ-athed us by the fathers of the Republic, to maintain the honor of the Americ

bc-

'e-ucut.

()f

nunc, hi iii.ii11• im

au 11 and oppose

FliOVR at khjiitv-hvi: i:.vr* a

MACK.

Persons wishing to contract f.ir a superior quality of flour at reduced rates, will leave their orders at fhe.l'ursel House. Hannibal will receive all orders and explain the modus operandi l\ whteh furiy cents'can be saved on. a sack. Quite an item for poor men.

CnotcB Hams.—Kelscv & Br 'lie- hawon ml a large quantity of the fin-st

s-.i-

gav-cured Juiuwover sold in thi* in *. They were put. up in f/il'ivette. and

to town,

in or­

der that they may all have a chance to join J. W. Cumberland's cavalry company, which is fast filling up.

Woon Wanted on Si issciiii*tion.—Subscribers who wish to pay their subscription in wood, can do so by bringing it in immediately.

Thos. .1. Scott, through the influ-1

enee of Col. banc, has been provided with a situation at, Washington, in the capacity of a messenger to the Senate. As a

Ctiy For cheap goods go

iuson's. in town,

LKTTBB VROSI COL. WAtliACIPB BftGUHBBTT.

The following letter received by Mr. T. D. Brown has been handed us for publication:

con-j

sequence he has abandoned the printing' business, in other words, run his ••Locomotive" oIT the track, and bid farewell to all such sublunary institutions.

to

.John

K. Hob-

He has the finest

fcaT" Col. Malison's regiment, in connection with the Sth and 13th had a dopernte battle with the rebels ye-terday. Capt Chris. Milller and 'Jiliy Wilson arc reported as among the wounded. Further particulars will be anxiously waited for as one entire company of the 1 Oth regiment belongs to this conn! v.

NH^lTIOIV ITK.H.M.

The New York Trdntncs special W Islington dispatches ot Monday, contain the following items, which look rather sens.:tioual:

The Hon. Henry May. member of Congress from

Baltimore,

is said

so

be ill

Richmond! How he got there, and what is his business, we are unable

to

explain.

"The man is yet to be seen in Washing-) ton" who knows anything about his journey or its purposes. It is singular how he could get through our lines, and ju'te as singular that a passport should have been granted him with

his

skin-deep Unionism,

to visit the capital of seecssio.i* The Baltimore dispatches to the same paper, dated Sunday say:

The Hon. Henry May left Baltimore on Tuesday last for Richmond, irginia, where lie now is. Various rumors are in circulation in relation to his visit. Previous to his starting he had an interview with President Lincoln, but whether in connection with his visit is not known. It is said to-day that he was invited to Richmond by deft'. Davis, and that he is accompanied by two prominent Pennsylvanians, both friends of the Government.

Here is a hit at General Scott from the same source: Lieutenant-General Scott entertained Mr. Crittenden and six Kentucky members at a dinner party on the evening of Mr. C's arrival Whether Mr. Breckinridge, Mr. Burnett, and Gen. Buckner were of the party, we cannot inform tlie impertinent public.

CampMcGisnisj, Cumberland,July 5. Yesterday the Zouaves gave a glad welcome to the hallowed 4th. Never was a day more joyously spent—never was the day more sacredly kept. 'T was not only j*

,an annual Sabbath, but an annual festival

ja time when all danger, hardships, and in-

At early dawn our cannon announced the birth of that day, which, especially at '=':this period of our nation's existence is pregnant with ten thousand thrilling thought?.

By sunrise our camp ha-.l been cleanly swept. Beautiful arbors, arches, pyramids, columns and cozy little bowers had been

*oi'i .»J* made of the beautiful pine and spruce trees which grow in abundance around us. Along oyery street of our tented city were set iout in order and much taste .shade trees ot pine, and over each street tastefully orna-

I mcnted arches were erected—decked with (flowers, flairs, and .such national paintings

and pictures as the Zou's could borrow. Swings were made, and seats in different parts of the camp. Capt. Rugg's Company, which is composed for the most part of Turners, had made a gymnasium upon which they went through

their

various ex­

ercises. Every tent was docked inside land out with evergreens, and each was car-

pctcd with .small thin twigs of spruce, which make a comfortable green carpet, so neat and inviting that a king might have envied such a resting spot. High poles were raised on which floated the rcgimental colors, the company flags, and the garirisonfiag which was lately prosonted to jus by the Cumberland citizens. At ten

io'clock, all the commissioned officers surt-

lenly wore divested of their robes

... ., Idenly were divested of their robes ot ,.u

any dismemberment of 'he l-eileral tern-1 tl. thontv, became common soidici.s, th tory.

The first number of tlie new volume will be published on the SM ot August, hi the interval, which will be only two weeks, we trust, our readers will be patien!, when wo promise them that the Review will again make its appearance ...with,several marked improvements.

Zonavcs all being turned loose. The officers were made to stand guard, and to act as common sentinels for a tew hours, while the privates for a short time rose to the rank of Colonel ami entertained the ladies. It was a laughable scene to see our staff, our surgeons, our captains and lieutenants walking the rounds on the sentinel's boat, carrying their guns. The officers were instructed by the privates to allow no man or beast to pass their lines without their permission. The consequence was that two or three hogs were cruelly shot, because they persisted in entering the camp, a'tcr being commanded to halt. Quartermaster Rice was put on extra duty for.sitting down on his post. Dr. Fry was re rimauded for shooting at a mountain

because

for

delicacy flavor and fresh:ies^ are iiikii passed. We haw: tried them, and speak knowingly.

®6y* A salute (U" some twenty guns were fired this morning at day-break for the purpose of waking lip the citizens of the county, and bringing them

it would not advance and give the

countersign. 'Atone o'clock, waggons and carriages arrived front Cumberland, loaded down with hams, chickens, cakes, flowers, butter, eggs, wines, and in fact every delicacy to be named, enough to feed a thousand. It was eagerly distributed to the several companies and the Zouaves feasted themselves upon the bounty of good things so generously bestowed by the ladies of this noble city. All day long the camp echoed with shouts of merriment, dancing, jumping, swinging, national songs, band music —everything bespoke the happiness of the Zouaves. At five o'clock, P. M., the Regiment marched in full uniform, followed by the "Continentals," a company under Capt. Rcsley, with a uniform of 7(5. The 4th with us was one happily spent !onr to bo remembered, long to lie revcried.

Our three months enlistment, will end on the '2 "th. Many of the boys will return, with the assurance that they have acted bravely, nobly, in defence of the Stars and Stripes.

V?ry many of the boys have been sick with the meascls, but they have recovered. None have been seriously sick.

We give a Zouave concert tomorrow

allies in every house and on every plantation.

The

enemy is demoralized. Pan­

ic sweeps through the southern land. Here is a foe more dreadful than northern armies. "Fighting so near our own forces, we may hope the revengeful feelings of these poor oppressed creatures would be restrained. Still, there would inevitably be desolation and destruction sweeping like a tempest over the southern land. And

it iconkl be just. These men have born

wrQng3 of

no

centuries, and why should

their uprising be bloody? Let them

new hands

would be built up by northern capital and ingenuity, and the problem and the task for the civilization of the coming age would be the education and preparation of four millions of blacks—perhaps through some system of apprenticeship—for the rights and privileges of free laborers. "For such a glorious result, even if it comc through tears and blood, do tee devoutly pray."

There never was contained in the same ndiluted wickedness as in

space so mucii ur this article from the Independent. It bristles with crime in every word. Each sentence contains the malignity of murder. The.remarkable feature of it is the declaration that it. will be just for the slaves to rise upon their master's, and therefore for the government to declare freedom to tiiem. Lot it be.remarked that this language applies to the South and to slaver//. No pains arc taken even to confine it to the rebels and their slaves. Now, what, idea of justice the Rev. Henry Ward Boejher possesses we are at a loss to determine. In this particular case he regards everything as just which good

\et this bloody-minded jj1(J

what he deems wrong should be butchered at the first convenient opportunity. The earth, according to his crecd, belongs t» the saints of the Lord, and all who do not agree with Bcccher are not saints, and therefore should ba cxtormtuntjd tlie sliortest nrocess possible. We

•11 W ,Jl

down by all kinds of correctional reapers

until mankind shall be left an immense

the wrath of God, which :nust frown

....

such bigotry and crime. It this

programme could bc earned out in regard

or every Kpiscopalian, Presbyterian or Methodist? reason why. The same (hirst for blood

The truth is that men who write such articles are the. real foes to human progress—the holdbacks in freedom of thought and of action. They present the modern shade of intolerance, armed with the same weapons of persecution which have marked intolerance in every generation. They are the worst enemies of morals and religion on the face of the earth. All th

Our picket was fired into from the lnountains last night, but none killed. As we are cut off from all direct eoinmunication, we know but little of what is going on. The two Pennsylvania regiments are still encamped on the line between Maryland and Pennsylvania, within seven miles of us cross materialism pervades their sys('orporal Hayes, the hero of Patterson ^m. Their familiarity with God AlmighCreek fight is fast recovering from his ty, their secular inclinations, the:rattempts wounds.

Many of our boys who have been

unwell have been taken home by the eitl-! violent, cruel remedie

zens and tenderly nursed.

The Zona ves

are petted, a: known by all as "Lew. Wallace's children. Liki'T. KAITE SK MA,

Comp. S, llthReg't.

ATROCIOUS.

The following extract is from Henry Ward Bcecher's paper, the Independent: "The grand result—the only solution of the question—is fast coming up: the emancijxUion of the slaves by the nation. What other escape is there from our difficulties? Why should uot our people and our statesmen look it fairly in the face? "The South is far strouger and better supplied than we suppose. She is in carnest. She believes herself bitterly wronged. She is not likely to think herself less so after a blockade and a campaign. She is encouraged by the base sympathy of England. She never could feel any surety for slavery in another Union with us. She hates ns. "Evidently, there is but one path to safety and victory—one to a permanent settlement—one to the quiet or subjugation of the South. Do not fear it! Look it boldly in the face—namely: the emancipation of the slaves. "Let our armies, as a 'military necessity' and strategical act, declare 'freedom' to all, and in a moment we have au army of 4,000,000 human beings on our side—

at domination over conscience, and their

world with infidels,-

in this programme of blood and horror which the Independent has conveyed to hearthstone after hearthstone at the North, to instill into the hearts of young and old the high moral efficacy of murder.

E E

-BAPH.

THG8TH, 1OT0 AJCD 13TH INDIANA Regime*!* hare a Big Fight. Roaking Run, Va., July 12.

A battle was fought yesterday afternoon at Rich Mountain, two miles east of this place, where the enemy, numbering 1,000

have their freedom if they "can win it—j under the command of Col. Pegram, were even though it be over the corpses of their strongly entrenched. masters and the ashes of their homesteads, About 3 o'clock in the morning Oen. After this tempest of fire and havoc would Rosencranz and a portion of the 8tb, 10th arise abetter era for the South. Free and 13th Indiana, and the 18 th Ohio, left laborers would pour in wasted fields would this place, and after a very difficult march be cultivated by

ruined cities of seven or eight miles, cutting^a road

through the woods, they succeeded in surrounding the enemy about 3 o'clock in the afternoon. tv

A desperate fight immediately ensued, lasting about an hour and a hair, resulting in the loss of 60 of the enemy killed, and a number wounded and taken prisoucrs.

Some of the latter are officers. The enemy retreated precipitately, leaving behind 0 cannon, a large number of horses, wagous. and camp equipage.

The loss on our side was 30 killed and 40 wounded. Among the latter is Capt. Chris Miller, Col. Grant and Major Wilson.

THE BATTLE If* WISSOtBI—FtLI, Account of the Conflict. St. Louis, July 10.

A special messenger arrived here this evening, by the Pacific Railroad, with dispatches from Col. Sigcl to Adjutant Harding, at the Arseual. The following abstract was written at Rolla for the Democrat:

On the morning of the 5tli, Col. Sigcl with a portion of his regiment, a part of Col. Solomon's, and ten pieces artillery, in all from 1,100 to 1,200 men, attacked a body of 6,000 rebels under Gen, Rains

Col. Parsons, about seven miles east of Carthage, on tho prairie. The enemy had five pieces cannon and many mounted men. Sigcl began the attack at half past nine o'clock in the morning, breaking the enemy's center twice. After half an hour's fighting he silenced their artillery.

a

men hold as unjust. Here he assumes that southern men are responsible for the existence of slavery in their midst yet history teaches us hat the present generation found the institution among them— did not create it. We all know, too, that slaveholders are educated in the belief that property in negroes is as natural and justifiable as in anything else. These arc two facts which would impress just men with great force, and would, even if they believe human servitude wrong, cause them to hesitate a great while before they would dream of the torch ami the knife, and all the horrors of servile insurrection, as a remedy.

The rebels had three flags, one of the State of Missouri, which was left unharined, and two Secession flags, which were twice shot down aid were raised no more.

The enemy attempted to outflank our troops with their Cavalry, and cut off our baggage, but Sigel made a retreating movement, keeping up a constant firing, and ordered the bairirasre train to advance, which

was formed into columns with a battalion of Infantry, supported by four pieces of |ia(j ]ie

reil ,iinder

encn ,ys

upon

Tt

ll"lo back Q|i

imd

which dictated tho article we have fjuo-, i.'ujstbskii and hthrestlifted would relight the flames of pcrsccu-! fkom JiiSfonii. tion throughout the world-would rcpro- Stopped and Bridges Burncdduce Smithfield with its martyrs of alter-

nate faiths—would carry the race back into the dark centuries, when human rights were not understood, and when a Henry the Eighth and loody Mary were the Becchers of the earth, and cut people's throats for their souls' good.

-for it is diHieiilt, sav

Artillery, in the rear of each column, and awaiting ordors to advance.

Becchcr has no patience with what he and ou the flanks. what frequent for the last twenty-four esteems a sin in others. Whoever does The rebcls attempted to cut off his com-: |,ours munication with Carthage with their cav- Three

opening the road, and Sigel fell back on

Carthage, the enemy havrassing his flanks jc

)laco

process possible. ve a.l see throwing shot an 1 grenades into the cue-' jhow easy this would render the work of my's cavalry and

Sigel then surrounded the town,

using

conversion and reformation to the revcr- great effect. While attempting to reach the adjacent end gentleman. Sinners would bo mowed

cavalry, the rebcls made the most

scrious

Beechcrism, with nothing against it save jest part of the

attack of the day, and the bloodi-

battle

Killed.

was fought here, but

the enemy were finally routed and forced

to withdraw their forces. Sigel then fell

^lo„nt Vernon, where he

Sll

!rest

We confess that we see no

CO

uld

pp0rtcd. Some captured oflicers, taken

to slaves, why not in temperance? Why about 5 o'clock P. M., reported the loss not in reliiriiin? Why shall not Mr. Beech- nearly 250 on their part-, but as the seveer declare it just to hang every heathen,

fighting was done subsequent to that hour, it is believed that, their loss is con-

isidcrably greater. Forty-five prisoners

wcr(j

Our

loss was eight killed.

forty-live wounded and missing.

Large Collection of Rebcls in the North of the State—Telegraph Wires Cut and Station Houses Burned-Federal Troops lurried Forward— Col. Smith Bcscigcd—Vigorous Fj/'orts Made to Relieve Him—Rebcls leaving Memphis for Missouri—Further from Western Virginia—Some of the 1th and

J. II. Bowcn, agent of the 11. & St. J. Railroad, just from Hannibal, brings the following account of affairs in that section:

A camp of Federal troops, uuder Col, Smith of the 16th Illinois regimeut, near Monroe Station, some thirty miles west of Hannibal, embracing 800 of the 3d Iowa regiment, 200 of the 16th Illinois, and about 700 Hannibal Home Guards, were attacked by 1,600 rebels under Brigadier

weapons are "of the earth, earthly." General Harris. Although the Federal troops were surprised, they repeilcl the attack and dro-e the rebels'back, killing four, wounding oovorttl, un«l c-:i|,ti.ring live |.rU-yiicra anil seven horses.

all tend to fill the

Gen. Harris retreated to Monroe, where

another ill occurred, in which the

many, to believe the inspiration of a creed rebels were a^ 1 .1 Air 1 TJ 1 Col. Smith then took up a position aud winch has Henry Ward Beccher tor

:ain repulsed. hen took up

sent.

apostle. Quincy. But we did not desisn iu this article to. Col. Smith was aitcrwards surrounded .1 i- bv a lar-e force, but it was thought he wander from the extraordinary language '-, .• ii .could hold out until reinforcements could ivc have quoted trom the Independent,

re

Beecher says, serenely and piously, It is

jssciv'er for reinforcements from

.,cjj {jjn,

We remarked that it is applied to the! Most of the rebel troops were mounted. South—to slaveholders as a body. No The Illinois regiment, under Col. Marsh, exception here fur friend or foe. Andy left the Arsenal yesterdav for some point Johnson's slaves may cut his throat,—Mr. Beecher answers, "It is just.'' uiou men iu Maryland, Missouri, or Kentucky, troops encamped iu the vicinity of Pilot may have their homes destroyed, their: Knob. .t r..«, inL-»n AR- Washington, July 11. wives violated, their lives taken,—-ir. ...

I a a a

reciprocitJ treaty with

just." "The world belongs to the saints q0j gtone occupies the ground held by (says he.) We niuct clear from the face Gen. Patterson in his late battle with the of it all wicked people. It is true, God rebels. ., A number of dead rebels were found in has created and put them here but it was

only that we good people may have the pleasure of destroying them." Beecher and his set care nothing for the Union. Patriotism in their eyes does not consist in fighting for the Constitution, but in setting negroes upon their masters, and he makes no exception. The loyal and disloyal, the Unionists and secessionists, patriots and traitors, are alike embraced

nu™utr

barned, bat the telegraph line being oat, we are unable to learn to what extent the depredations have been carried.

This blockade does not affect the travel between this place and the east. Vigorous efforts will be made to disperse the rebels.

LATER. July 11—6 p. m.

Five hundred Federal troops left here this morning, and will be joined by 700 men at Hudson.

An unsuccessful attempt was made to burn Salt River bridge last night, the fire going out after the rebelsleft.it.

LATEST. Quincy, III., July 11.

A messenger, just arrived from Hannibal, brings intelligence that the railroad bridge between that place and Palmyra was burned last night.

The bridge of the Quincy and Palmyra Railroad across the same stream was also burned.

Gen. Mather has sent a detatchment of artillery, infantry and cavalry, by the boat Marion City six miles south, with orders to push from there by land and aid Col. Smith.

By the route taken they will avoid the burned bridges, but have to march thirty miles.

Mather also sent a strong detachment by the Quincy & Palmyra Railroad, with orders to open the route by to-night at all hazards.

Quincy,III., 11.

Capt. McAllister of the 16th 111. regiment was shot by the secessionists concealed in the wood when placing the picket guard, near Monroe, Me.

Five men of Capt. Peters' company from this city were also shot at the same time and place.

A force of about 1,200 iufantry and cavalry go to-night to the succor of Gen. Smith. \Ve have no further news of him than that telegraphed last night, that he was surreunded by 1,600 cavalry, and in great peril.

Ex-Gov. Wood and Gen. Mather of this State accompany, the expedition. Cairo, 11.

A gentleman from Memphis reports that a regiment left there yesterday for Missouri.

He also reports two thousand secession ists at Point Pleasant. Pillow has been superceded by Col. Atkinson. All quiet here.

Buckhannon, July 11.

We have intelligence from General McClellan up to 2 o'clock. He had com mcdced erecting his batteries on the hill side, when the rebels opened fire on him, but without damage.

When the courier left, Gen. Morris still

re

bcls in cheek at Laurel Hill,

of the Artillery in front Skirmishing had been brisk and soiiie-

0f t|,c

airy, but our artillery took them at a crosi killed, and one of the Ohio 14th, and sevfire, which played havoc^ in their ranks, jen

7th and 9th Indiana were

wour)pC(l 0f

the 3d regiment.

occ

.lsjonai sliell was sent into camp,

an a

up to the town, where another stand was p08jtj0U* I in os on of he N iU'^SSIONaTj.

}ia]f distant, to keep them in

A11 were r(

his infantry with

1

,f

errc

i,,

woods, to prevent, the operations ot the

a to the committee on

naval affairs. Fessenden, from the committee on finance, reported the House bill tor the payment of the militia and volunteers with an amendment making tho appropriation §5,750,000.

The amendment was agreed to and the bill passed. Mr. Clark called up a resolution offered yesterday, regarding the expulsion of acceding Senators.

Mr. Bayard said lie saw no reason lor anything more than declaring the seat, vacant.

The motion for the expulsion of the, seceding Senators was passed, alter furth discussion.

Mr.

()th

Indiana

St. Louis, July 11.

Washington, July 11.

Senate.—Saulsbury gave notice that.lie should introduce a joint resolution, making omendments to the constitution, and for a peaceful adjustment of the present troubles.

Chandler, from the "committee on

commerce,

reported back the House bill

in relation to the further collection of duties on imports, recommending that it be laid over.

The 1 jail bill was received from the House and referred to the committee ou finance.

Mr. Hale introduced a bill regulating the employment of volunteers in the navy also to regulate the marine force also, bills to increase the navy in time of war, to increase the number of paymasters in the navy, and relative to the naval acadc-

my'

PRESIDENT'S MESSAGE.

Fellow Citizens of the Senate and House of Representatives: Having been convened on an extraordinary occasion, as authorized by the Constitution, your attention is not called to any ordinary subject of legislation. At the beginning of the Presidential term, four months ago, the functions of the Federal Government were found to be generally suspended within the several States of South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana and Florida, excepting only those of t'je Postoffice Department.— Within the States the forts, arsenals, docks, harbors, custom-houses, and the like, including the movable and stationary property iu and about them, had been seized, and were held in open hostility to the Government, excepting only Forts Pickens, Taylor and Jefferson, on and near

lowu the river, supposed to be Cape Geri- the Florida coast, and Fort Sumter, in deau. Charleston harbor, S. C. The forts thus There are now about 1,000 Federal seized had been put in an improved condi-

Canada.

the woods. It is believed that Chase's modification

of the tariff will pass. St. Joseph, July 11. The express train on the Hannibal & St. Joseph Railroad, bound east, was stopped at Monroe to-day by 400 rebels, and an effort made to take possession of it, but it escaped unharmed and backed to Hudson.

The station house at Monroe has been

tion, new ones had been built, and armed forces had been organized, and were organizing, all avowedl}' with the same hostile purpose. The forts remaining in the possession of the Federal Government in and near those States were either besieged or menaced by warlike preparations, and especially Fort Sumter was nearly surrounded by well protected hostile batteries, with guns equal in quality to the best of its own, and outnumbering the latter perhaps ten to one. A disproportionate share of the Federal muskets and rifles had somehow found their way into these States, and had been seized to be used against the Government. Accumulations of the public revenue lying within them bad been seized for the same object. The navy was scattered in distant seas, leaving bat very email part within the immediate

nse of the Government. The officers of the Federal army and navy had resigned in great numbers, and of those resigning a large proportion has taken up arms against the government, simultaneously and in connection with all these purposes to sever the Federal Union was openly avowed. In accordance with this purpose an ordinance had been adopted in each of the States, ^declaring the States respectfully to bc separated from the National Union. A formula for combining and instituting a combination of these States had been promulgated, and this illegal organization, in the character of Confederate States, was already invoking recognition, aid, and intervention from foreign powers. Finding this condition of things, and believing it to bc an imperative duty upon the incoming Executive to prevent, if possible, the consummation of such attempts to destroy the Federal Uniou, a choice of means to that end became indispensable. This choice was made and declared in the inaugural address. The policy chosen looked to the exhaustion of all peaceful measures before a resort to any stronger ones. It sought only to hold the public places and property not already wrested from the Government, and to collect the revenue, relying for the rest on time, discussion and the ballot-box. It promised a continuance of the mails at Government expense to the very people U'ho were resisting the Government, and it gave repeated pledges against any disturbance to any of the people or any of their rights of^ all that which a President might constitutionally and justifiably do in such a case, everything was forborne without which it was believed possible to keep the Government on foot.

On the 5th of March, (the present incumbent's first full day of office,) a letter of Major Anderson, commanding at Fort Sumter, written on the 28th of February, and received at the war Department on the 4th of March, was, by that Department, placed in his hands. This letter expressed the professional opinion of the writer, that reinforcements could not bc thrown into that fort within the time for his relief, rendered necessary by the limited supply of provisions, and with a view of holding possession of the same, with a force of less than twenty thousand good and well disciplined men. This opinion was concurred in by all the officers of his command, and their memoranda on the subject were made iuclosures of Major Anderson's letter. The whole was immediately laid before Lieutenant General Scott, who at once concurred with Major Anderson in opinion. On reflection, however, he took full time, consulting with other officers, both of the Army and the Navy and, at the end of four days, cainc reluctantly, but decidedly, to the same conclusion as before. He also stated at the same time that no such sufficient force was then at the control of the Government, or could be raised and brought to the ground within the time when the provisions in tho fort would be exhausted.— In a purely military point of view, this reduced the' duty of the Administration in the case, to the mere matter of getting the garrison safely out of the fort.

It was believed, however, that to so abandon that poM'ion m»doi- Iio oiroum stances, would be utterly ruinous that the necessity under which it was to be done would not be fully understood that by many it would bo construed as a part of voluntary policy that at home it would discourage the friends of the Ijnion, embolden its adversaries, and go far to insure to the latter a recognition abroad that, in fact, it would be our national destruction consummated. This could not be allowed. Starvation was not yet, upon the garrison and ore. it would be reached Fori Pickens might be reinforced. This last would be a clear indication ot jxdicy, aud would better enable the country to accept the evacuation of Fort Sumter as a military nccessih/. An order was at once directed to be sent for the landing of the troops from the steamship Brooklyn into Fort Pickens. This order mid not go by land, but must lake the longer and slower iirst return news from ived just one week bc-

route by sea. Tlu the order was rccc fore the fall of Ft itself was that the Sabine, to which

Sumter. The news •flieer commanding the vessel the I oops had

been transferred from tlie Brooklyn, acting upon sonic f/uasi arunsticc of the late Administration, (and of the existence of which the present Administration, up to the time the order was dispatched, had only tuo vague and uncertain rumors to fix attention,) refused, to land the troops, -lo now reinforce Fort I'ickens before ti crisis would bc readied at Fort Sumter was impossible—rendered so by the near exhaustion of provision in the latter-named tort. In precaution against such a conjuncture, the Government had a few days before commenced preparing an expedition,^ as well adapted as might bc, to relieve Fort Sumter, which expedition was intended to be ultimately used or not, according to circumstances. The strongest anticipated ease for using it was now presented aud it was resolved to send it forward. As had been intended in this contingency, it was also resolved to notify the Governor of South Carolina thai, lie might expecL an attempt would bc made to provision the fort and that, if the attempt should not be resisted, there would bc no effort to throw in men, arms, or ammunition, without further notice, or in ease of an attack upon the fort. This notice was accordingly givenwhereupon the fort was attacked and bombarded to its fall, without even awaiting the arrival of the provisioning expedition.

It is thus seen that the assault upon aud reduction of Fort Sumter was in no sense a matter of self dcfencc on the part of the assailants. They well knew that the garrison in the fort could by no possibility commit aggression upon them. They knew—they were expressly notified—that the giving of bread to the few brave and hungry men of the garrison was all which would on that occasion be attempted, unless themselves, by resisting so much, should provoke more. They knew that this Government desired to keep the garrison in the fort, not to assail them, but merely to maintain visible possession, and thus to preserve the Union from actual and immediate dissolution—trusting, as hereinbefore stated, to time, discussion, and the ballot-box, for final adjustment and they assailed and reduced the fort for precisely the reverse object—to drive out the visible authority of the Federal Union, and thus force it to immediate dissolution.— That this was their object, the Executive well understood and having said to them in the inaugural address, "You can have no conflict without being yourselves the aggressors," be took pains not only to keep

the ease so free from the power of ingenious .sophistry that the world should not be able to misunderstand it. By the affair at Fort Sumter, with ita surrounding circumstances, that point was reached.— Then and thereby the assailant! of tbe 4 Government began the conflict of arms, without a gun in sight or in expectancy to return their fire, save only the few in the fort, sent to that harbor years before for their own protection, and still roty give that protection in whatever was lawful. In this act, discarding all else, they have forced upon the conntry tho distinct issue, "immediate dissolution orblood."

And this issue embraces more than the fate of these United States. It presents to the whole family of man the question, whether a constitutional republic, or dcdemocracy—a Government of tho people by the same people—can or cannot maintain its territorial integrity against its own. domestic foes. It presents the question, whether discontented individuals, too few in numbers to control administration, according to organic law, in any case, can always, upon the pretenses made in this case, or any other pretenses, or arbitrarily, without any pretense, break up their government, and thus practically put an end to free government upon the earth. It forces us to ask: "Is there, in all republics, this inherent and fatal weakness?" "Must a Government, of necessity, bc too, strong for the liberties of its own people, or too weak to maintain its own oxistenco?"

So viewing the issue, no choicc was left but to call out the war power of the Government aud so to resist forco employed for its destruction, by force for its preservation.

The call was made, aud the response of the country was most gratifyirtg, surpassing in unanimity and spirit tho most Sanguine expectation. Yet none of the States commonly callcd slave States, except Delaware, gave a regiment through regular State organization. A few regimentshavc been organized within somo others of those States by individual enterprise, and received into the Government service. Of course, the seceded States, so called, (and to which Texas had been joined about the time of the inauguration,) gavo no troops to the cause of the Union. The border States, so called, were not uniform in their action, some of them being almost for the Union, while in others—as Virginia, North Carolina. Tennessee, and Arkansas—the Union sentiment was nearly repressed and silenced. The course taken in Virginia was the most remarkable—perhaps the most important. A convention, elected by the people of that State to consider this vciy question of disrupting the Federal Union, was in session at tho Capitol of Virginia when Fort Sumter fell. To this body the people had choson a large majority of professed Union men. Almost immediately after the fall of Sumter, many members of that majority went over to the original disunion minority, and, with tliein, adopted an ordinance for withdrawing the State from tho Union. W hethcr this change was wrought by their great approval of the assault upon Sumter, or their great resentmcntat the Government's resistance to that assault, is

not

definitely

known. Although tlicy submitted the ordinance, for ratification, to a vote of the people, to be taken on a d:-.y ien somewhat more than a month distant, the convention and the Legislature, hicli waa also in session at, the same lime and place,) with leading men of the State, not members of either, immediately commenced acting as if the Statj were already out of the Union. They pushed military preparations vigorously forward all over tho State. They seized the United Stales armory at Harper's Ferry, and the liavyyard at, (iosport, near Norlolk. Tlu-y received—perhaps invited—into their Siato large bodies of troops, with their warlike appointments, from the so-called seceded States. They formally entered into a treaty of temporary alliance and co-opera-tion with the so-called "confederate States" and sent members to their congress nt Montgomery and, finally, they

permit

led

the insurrectionary government lo b«j transferred to their capital at Richmond. Tho people of Virginia have ihus allowed this giant insurrection to make its nest within her borders aud this Government has no choice left but to deal with it whcic it finds it. And it has the less regret, an the loyal citizens have in due form claimed its protection. Those loyal citizens this Government is bound to recognize and protect as being irginia. ,s:

In the border States, so called—in tact, the middle States—there are those who favor a policy which they call "armed neutrality that is, an arming of :av3C States to prevent the Union forces passing ouo way, or the disunion the other, over their soil. This would be disunion completed. Figuratively speaking, it would be the building of an impassable wall along tho line of separation—and yet not quite an impassable one for, under the guise of neutrality, it would tie the hands of tho Uniou men, and freely pass supplies from among them, to the insurrectionists, which it could not do as an open enemy. At a stroke it would take all the trouble off tho hands of secession, except only what proceeds from the external blockade. It would do for the disunionists that which of all things they most desire—feed them well and give them disunion without a struggle of their own. It recognizes no fidelity to the Constitution, no obligation to maintain tho Uniou and while very many who have favored it arc doubtless loyal citizens, it is, nevertheless, very injurious in effect.

Recurring to the action of the Government, it may be stated that at first a call was made for seventy-five thousand militia and rapidly following this a proclamation was issued for closing tho ports of the insurrectionary districts, by pro-, ceedings in the nature of a blockade.— So far all waa believed to bc strictly legal. At this point the insurrectionists announced their purpose to enter upon tho practice of privateering.

Other calls wore made for volunteeas to serve for three years, unless sooner discharged, and also for large additions to the regular Army and Navy. These measures, whether Btrictly legal or not, were ventured upon under what

stitutional

appeared

competency

commanding

to bo

a popular demand and a public necessity, trusting then as now that Congress It is believed that

of Congress.

Soon after the first call for militia it

was considered

a duty to authorise tho

general proper cases ac­

cording to his discretion, to suspend the rivilego of the writ of habeas corpus, or, in other words, to arre»t and detain, with.