Crawfordsville Review, Crawfordsville, Montgomery County, 11 September 1858 — Page 1

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NEW SERIES--VOL. X, NO, 8.

TWKBTV YEABS AGO.

I m«t» (irl U»» oth«rday, Son* twenty oM or «°. Th« of a nymph I loved. Some twenty ye*« ago.

The blu»Mng cheek, tbe ip*rkiing«ye, The bmir of r*ven flow— Ah, how they «et my heart t-blase

Boro twenty yetri ego!

I tpoke—ber uuwen did not much Of wit or wisdom ehow— Bntthne theloTely Mery Ulked

Some twenty yeere ego.

What! conld a shallow heart like thii My heart in tnmnlt throw! mutt have been a little green

Some twenty yean ago.

I met the lovely Mary eince— Her charm* have vaniahed though— Her wit and wisdom are the same

As twenty years ago!

I looked upon her faded cheek, Until my feelings glow And thonk her that she scorncd my love

Some twenty years ago?

*7'.

a

Fond boy! who now wouldst gladly die To please Borne simpering miss— Who knows what thou wilt think of her

Somo twenty years from this!

)^We find in the Boston Olive Branch ia sweet little poem by Alice Carey—the *bri(Jl 'biography of one of those for whom tfleavcri's doors are always ajar. The thought of tho little grammarian only learning a few beautiful nouns—"the names of things the brightest and most sweet," is 'jikc the fragrance of a first spring-flower •'W?lie took up life aa easily,

As if it were not new— Rcachcd for the pnnshino on the grass, And dabbled in tho dew

I And grew acquainted with tlie rose When spring had trimmed her bowers, As if rIio canic to dwell with us,

From out a world of flowers.

Sl.o thought that by an unseen hand Tho littlo birds were fed, And that her blind lamb tenderly,

Along his path was led.

She smiled at niehtfull, and kIic smiled To see tho storm aftir A" if within her father's honso

No Itarm could come to her.

iRhconly feared the names of things, The brightest and most sweet, J'or crc shestayed here long enough ,.

Tho lcssoh to coni]!ete.

a is It re el id a el Asleep withut» fenr, Trusting our love t'o ktecp her safe

Till morh shttiild re-appear."

the Second discission betWEEN i»oir.L\s and Lincoln—QUESTION AKtt ANSWERS PRO iu4 CON

EXCITING DISCUSSlOlU At the late discussion iifctween Douglas And Lincoln, at ftrceport, Illinois Lincoln thus defined his position:

I say to the first, ih rogard tb the Fugi-tive-slave Law I have never hesitated to say that I think, under the Constitution of 'the United States, the people of the Southern State8 arc entitled to a Congressional

FugillVc-ShiV? Law: I have always said that, and MViiig said that, I lmve udthing to say in Regard to-the existing slave law further than

tfiisi thM I think it might have

been framed tb have been free from some of the objections, that pertain to it without nt all lessening it9 efficiency. But inasmuch as we aro nt)t ili the midst of an agi tation in regard to thS ihbdifiedtion of that •law, I would not be the mat! to intrbduce it as the subject of a hew agitatitin upon the subject of slavery.

In regard to these othfir questions of whether I am pledged to the non*admission of any more slave States ib.the Union, I state to you freely, and frankly, that I should be exceedingly sorry to ever be put in the position of having to pass upon that question. I should be exceedingly glad to know that there never would be another plavc State admitted into this Union, but I must add in regard to this, that if slavery fdinll be kept, out of the Territory durihg the territorial existence of any one given Territory, and then the people should, having a fair chance and clear field when they come to adopt a constitution, if they should do the extraordinary thing of adopting a slave constitution, uninfluenced by the actual presence of the institution among them, I sec no alternative if we own the country but we must admit it into the Union. [Deacon Bross, editor of the Chicago Press and Tribune—That is the true doctrine! That is popular sovereignty!]

Mr. Lincoln continued—Tho third interrogatory is answered by the answer to the second, the tl ird being substantially the same as the second, as I conceive.

The fourth one is in regard to the abolition of slavery in the District of Columbia. In relation to that I have my mind very distinctly, whether correctly or not, .made up. I should be exceedingly glad to sec slavery abolished in the District of Columbia. [Applause.] I believe that Congress possesses the constitutional power to abolish it, yet as a member of Con*gress I should not be in favor, with my present views, of interfering to abolish slaverv in the District of Colombia, less it should be upon three conditions: First, that the abolition should be gradual in the second place, that it should be upon the vote of a majority of the qualified voters within the District and lastly, with compensation to unwilling owners. With these three eonditions, I confess that I should be exceedingly glad to see Congress abolish slavery in the District of Columbia, and, in the language of Henn Clay, "sweep from the National Capital that foul blot upon our nation."

In regard to the fifth category, I must •ay here, that at to the question of the slave-trade between the ddbreat States, while I oan truly answer as I have, that am pledged nothing about it aft all it is suojeet to which I nave not given that jnataM oOMndsrataoo that would sake f««l aothofwd to sftMM pontic® so as to W

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hold.myself entirely bound by it in other words, that question has never been made prominent enough before me to induce me to investigate the question as to whether we rtiilly have the Cottatitdtional power to do the tiling. I could investigate it if I had sufficient time, and bring myself to a conclusion upon it, but I have not done so. I say so frankly here to you, and to Judge Douglas. I must say, however, that if I should be of opinion that Congress does possess the constitutional power to abolish the slave-trade among the different States, I should not be in favor of the exercise of that power unless it should be upon some conservative principle, as I conceive-it akin to what I have said in relation to the abolition of slavery in the District of Columbia.

My answer as to whether I desire that slavery should be prohibited in all the Territories of the United States, is fully expressed within itself, and can not be added to, as I suppose, by any comments of mine. [Deacon Bross, editor of the Chicago Press and Tribune—"That will do."]

Mr. Lincoln—And so, I suppose, in regard to the question as to whether I am opposed to the acquisition of any more territory, unless slavery is first prohibited therein. I suppose my answer to that is such that I perhaps could add nothing to it by way of illustrating it, or making me better understood, than the answer which I have placed in writing.

In all this the Judge has me, and he has me on the record. I suppose the Judge had flattered himself that I was really entertaining one set of opinions in one place, and another in another— that I was afraid of saying in one place what I would not say at another but what I am saying here I suppose I am saying in the presence of a large audiencc as strongly tending toward abolitionism as any audience that can be gotten in the State of Illinois. I suppose that, if such an audiencc can be found, I am saying it in the presence of that audience.

I now proceed, my friends, to propound to tho Judge the interrogatories, so far as I have framed them, and I will bring forward a new installment when I get ready. The interrogatories, so far as I have framed them, only now roach to number four.

The first one is, it" the people of Kansas shall, by means entirely unobjectionable in all other rcspccts, adopt a State constitution and ask admission into the Union under it before they have the requisite number of inhabitants, according to the English bill, to-wit: ninety-three thousand, will you vote to admit them 2. Can the people of the United States territory, in any lawful way, against the wishes of any citizen of the United States, exclude slavery from their limits prior to the formation of a State constitution?— {Applause, and cries of "that's it," "good," "he won't answer!"] 3. If the Supreme Court of the United States shall decide that States can n"t exclude slavery from their limits, &re you in favor of acquiescing in adopting and following such decision as a rule of political action? [Applause.] 4. Arc you in favor of acquiring additional territory in disregard of how such acquisition may affect the nation on the slavery question? [A voice—"better!"]

The following arc Douglas' answers to Lincoln's questions: Fi?2t, lie desires to know if the people of Kansas shall form a constitution by means entirely proper and unobjectionable, and ask admission into the Union as a State before they have the requisite population for a member of Congress, whether I will vote for that admission: Well, now, I regret exceedingly that he did not answer the interrogatory himself before he put it to me, in order that we might understand, and not be left to irtfet on tfhidh side he is. [Good, good.] Mr. Trumbull, during the last session of Congress, voted from the beginning to the drid against the admission of Oregon, although a free State, because she had not the requisite population for a member of Congress. [That's it.] Mr. Trumbull would not Consent under any circumstances, to let a State, free Or slave, conic into the Union until it had the requisite population. As Mr. Trumbull is in the field, fighting for Mr. Lincoln, I would like to have Mr. Lincoln answer his own question, and tell me whether he is fighting Trumbull on that issue of not. [Good, put it to him, and cheers.] But I will answer his qucstiou. In reference to Kansas it is my'opinion that, as she has population enough to constitute a slave State, she has people enough for a free State. [Cheers.] I will not make Kansas an exceptional case in the other States of the Union. [Sound, and hear, hear.] I hold it to be a sound rule of universal application to require a Territory to contain the requisite population for a member of Congress before it is admitted as a State into the Union. I made that proposition in the Senate in 1856, and I renewed it during the last session in a bill providing that no territory of the United States should form a constitution and apply for admission until it had the requisite population. On another occasion I proposed that neither Kansas nor any other Territory should be admitted until it had the requisite population. Congress did not adopt any of my propositions containing this general rule, but did make an exception of Kansas. I will stand by that exception. [Cheers.]— Either Kansas must come in as a free State, with whatever population she may have, or the rule must be applied to all the other Territories alike. [Cheers.] I therefore answer at once, that it having been decided that Kansas has people enough for a slave State, I hold that she has enough for a free State. [Good, and applause.] I hope Mr. Lincoln is satisfied with my answer ["he ought to be," and cheers,] and now I would like to get his answer to his own interrogatory—whether or not he will vote to admit Kansas before she has the requisite population. ["Hit him again."] I want to know whether he will vote to admit Oregon before the territory has the requisite population. Mr. Trumbull will not, and the same reason that eommita Mr. Trumbull against the admission of Oregon, commits him against Kansas, even if she should apply for admission as a free State. ["You've got Ipa," and cheers.] If there

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is any sincerity, any truth in the argument of Mr. Trumbull in the Senate against the admission of Oregon because she had not 93,420 people, although her population was larger than that of Kansas, he stands committed against the admission of both Oregon and Kansas until they have 93,420 inhabitants. I would like Mr. Lincoln to answer this question. I would like him to take his own medicine. [Laughter.] If he differs from Mr. Trumbull, let him answer his argument against the admission of Oregon instead of poking questions at me. ["Right, good, good," langhter and cheers.]

The next question propounded to me by Mr. Lincoln is, can the people of a Territory in any lawful way, against the wishes of any citisen of the United States, exclude slavery from their limits prior to the formation of a State constitution I answer, emphatically, as Mr. Lincoln has heard me answer a hundred times from every stump in Illinois, that, in my opinion, the people of a Territory can, by lawful means, exclude slavery from their limits prior to the formation of a State constitution. [Enthusiastic applause.] Mr. Lincoln knew that I had answered that question over and over again. He heard me argue the Nebraska Bill on that principle all over the State in 1854, in 1855 and 1856, and he has no cxcusc for pretending to be in doubt as to my position on that question. It matters not what way the Supreme Court may hereafter decide as to the abstract question. whether slavery may or may not go into a Territory under the Constitution, the people have the lawful means to introduce it or exclude it as they please, for the reason that slavery can not exist a day or an hour anywhere, unless it is supported by local police regulations. [Right, right.] These police regulations can only be established by the local Legislature, and if the people are opposed to slavery, they will elect representatives to that body who will, by friendly legislation, effectually prex'ent the introduction of it into their midst. If, on the contrary, they are for it, their legislation will favor its extension. Hence, no matter what the decision of the Supreme Court may be on that abstract question, still the right of the people to make a slave Territory or a free Territory is perfect and complete under the Nebraska Bill. I hope jlr. Lirfcoln deems my answer satisfactory on that point.

The third question which Mr. Lincoln presented is, it' the Supreme Court of the (Jnited States shall decide that a State of this Union can not exclude slavery from its own limits will I submit to it? I am amazed that Lincoln should ask such a question. ["A school-boy kuows better."] Yes, a school-boy does know better. Mr. Lincoln's object is to cast an imputation upon the Supreme Court. He knows that there never was but one man in Amcrica claiming any degree of intelligence or decency who ever for a moment pretended such a thing. It is true that the Washington Union, in an article published on the 17th of last December, did put forth that doctrine, and I denounced the article on the floor of the Senate, in a speech which Mr. Lincoln now pretends was against the President. The Union had claimed that slavery had a right to go into the free States, and that any provision in the constitution or laws of the free States to the contrary were null and void. I denounced it in the Senate, as I said before, and I was the first man who did. Lincoln's friends, Trumbull, and Seward, and Hale, and Wilson, and the whole Black Republican side of the Senate were silent. They left it to me to denounce it. [Cheers.] And what was the reply made to me on that occasion Mr. Toombs, of Georgia, got up and undertook to lecture me on the ground that I ought not to have deemed the article worthy of notice, and ought not to have replied to it that there was not one man, woman or child south of the Potomac, in any slave State, who did not repudiate any such pretension. Mr. Lincoln knows that that reply was made on the spot, and yet now he asks this question.— He might as well ask me, suppose Mr. Lincoln should steal a liorse, would I sanction it [laughter,] and it would be as genteel in me to ask him, in the event he stole a horse, what ought to be done with him.— lie casts an imputation upon the Supreme Court of the United States by supposing that they would violate the Constitution of the United States. I tell him that such a thing is not possible: [Cheers.] It would, be an act of moral treason that no man on the bench could ever descend to: Mr. Lincoln himself would never in his partisan feelings so far forget what was right as to be guilty of such an act. ["Good, good."]

The fourth question of Mr: Lincoln is. are you in favor of acquiring auamonax territory in disregard as to how such acquisition may affect the Union on the slavery question This question is very ingeniously and cunningly piit. [Deacon Bro3s here spoke, solto vo&— the reporter understanding him to say, "Now we've got him."]

The Black Republican creed lays it down expressly, that under no circumstances shall we acquire any more territory, unless slavery is first prohibited in the country. I ask Mr. Lincoln whether he is in favor of that proposition. Are you (addressing Mr. Lincoln) opposed to the acquisition of any more territory, under any circumstances, unless slavery is prohibited in it That he does not like to answer, When I ask him whether he stands up to that article in the platform of his party, he turns, Yankee-fashion, and without answering it, asks me whether I am in favor of acquiring territory without regard to how it may affect the Union on the slavery question. [Good.] I answer that when ever it becomes necessary, in our growth and progress, to acquire more territoty, that I am in favor of it, without reference to the question of slavery, and when we have acquired it, I will leave the people free to do as they please, either to make it slave or free territory, as they prefer.— [Here Deacon Bross spoke the reporter believes that he said, "that's bold." It was said solemnly.] It is idle to tell me or you that we have territory enough.— Our fathers supposed that we had enough when our territory extended to the Miss issippi River, but a few years' growth anil tftl

expansion satisfied them that we needed more, and the Louisiana Territory, from the west branch of the Mississippi to the British Possessions, was acquired. Then we acquired Oregon, then California and New Mexico. We have enough now for the present, but this is a young and growing nation. It swarms as often as a swarm of bees, and as new swarms are turned out each year, there must be hives in which they can gather and make their honey.— [Good.] In less than fifteen years, if the same progre'ss that has distinguished this country for the last fifteen years continues, every foot of vacant land between this and the Pacific Ocean, owned by the United States, will be occupied. Will you not continue to increase at the end of fifteen years as well as now? I tell you, increase and multiply, and expand, is the law of this nation's existence. [Good.] You can not limit this great Republic by mere boundary lines, saying: "Thus far shalt thou go and no further." Any one of you, gentlemen, might as well say to a son twelve years old that he is big enough, and must not grow any larger, and in order to prevent his growth put a hoop around him to keep him his present size. What would be the result? Either xhe hoop must burst and be rent asunder, or the child must die. So it would be with this great nation. With our natural increase, growing with a rapidity unknown in any other part of the globe, with the tide of emigration that is fleeing from despotism in the Old World to seek a refuge in our own, there is a constant torrent pouring into this country that requires more land, more territory upon which to settle, and just as fast as our interests and our destiny require additional territory in the North, in the South, or on the islands of the ocean, I am for it, and when we acquire it, will leave the people, according to the Nebraska bill, free to do as they please on the subject of slavery and every other question. [Good, good hurra for Douglas.]

ULASPHEMOUN.

While Judge Leffingwell, the Democratic candidate for Congress in the Dubuque District, Iowa, was addressing a meeting at Iowa Falls, a few days since, says a correspondent of the Dubuque Express and Herald, a Black-Republican interrupted him by saying, "Well, ain't a negro as good as a white man ,,

Judge L.—"No sir! This government was formed by white men for white men and their posterity. It was not founded by or for negroes as citizens." "Then," said the Republican, "do you think Jesus Christ was a old fool He said he was no respecter of persons."

To this shocking piece of blasphemy, Judge Leffingwell made the following dignified and appropriate reply: "I am not disposed to blaspheme. If it suits you to believe that because evils arc suffered to exist in the world, and that because the Bible counsels submission to evils in order to avoid greater ones, that therefore the Almighty is unjust and the Scriptures worthless, you are welcome to your belief. It is not mine."

A WHALE IN CHESAPEAKE.

To the Editors of the Baltimore American Though familiar with the Chesapeake and its rivers for forty years I have never seen or heard of a whale in its waters.— The following cxtract from a letter received yesterday from my sisters, residing in Gloucester County, Virginia, near the bay shore, may be of interest to your readers: "It was seen just opposite Major Taliaferro's house, and many persons soon collected and tried to kill it, but it was too dangerous to venture near to, and it was a long time before they succeeded in killing it. Its mouth, when open, measures thirteen feet from the under to the upper part. A small boat, such as they had, might have sailed in. The tongue was as large as a common door, and as soft to the foot as a feather bed. The animal measured fortythree feet nine inches in length, twentyseven iu circumference, nine feet through and the tail-fin ten feet wide. Over two thousand persons went to sec it but it soon bceanie so offensive that it had to be cut up and buried: They tried to save the oil but. not understanding the process, had to abandon it. After shooting it from the boat repeatedly, and wounding it, Dr. Phil Taliaferro went out in tho water up to his throat and pierced it with a Toledo sword until it was powerless and could be dragged ashorcw

UNHEALTHY POSITION OF THE BODY.— Those persons engaged in occupations requiring the hands alone to move, while the lower limbs remain motionless, should bear in mind that without constantly raising the frame to an erect position, and giving a slight exercise to all parts of the body, such a practice will tend to destroy their health. They should, moreover, sit in as erect a position as possible. With scamstresses there is always more or less stooping of the head and shoulders, tending to retard circulation, respiration and digestion, and produce curvature of the spinci The bead should be thrown back, to give the lungs full play. The frequent, long« drawn breath of the seamstress evinces the cramping and confinement of the lungs.— Health cannot be expected without free respiration. The life-giving element is in the atmosphere, and without it in proportionate abundance must disease intervene. Strength and robustness must come from exercise. Confined attitudes are in violation of correct theories of healthy physical development and the instinct of nature.— Those accustomed to sit writing for hours, day after day, ean form some idea of the exhausting nature of the toilsome and illpaid labor of the poor seamstress.—Scien­

tific American.

W California, great in her vegetable products, has produced a big baby. Mrs. JBrady, a lady residing at Bear Valley, in Mariposa county, gave birth on Sunday, the 6th of June, to a baby weighing nineteen and a half pounds.

Never be afraid of catching a cold

from a shower of eurls.

r,* rs-t*•' *t?"

CRAWFORDSVILLE, MONTGOMERY COUNTY, INDIANA, SEPTEMBER 11, 1858. WHOLE NUMBER 848.

THE CAPTURED SLAVER TH HUNDRED AND EIGHTEEN AFRICANSON BOARD. [From the New York Ilemld, Ang. 27.]

The United States brig Dolphin, Lieut. John N. Maffit commanding, arrived at Key West on Sunday, the 22d inst., from the coast of Cuba. The Dolphin sailed from Sagua la Grande on the morning of the 21st inst.

At daylight she discovered a sail ahead standing ou the same course as the Dolphin, which gained on her very rapidly daring the day. At 4 P. M. the sail ahead hauled on the wind, as if trying to get out of the Dolphin's course, which caused her to be considered a suspicious craft. The Dolphin tacked and stood off in pursuit, hoisting the English-colors, and fired a blank cartridge, which not being answered by the other vessel another was fired at halfpast 4 P. M., and this also being unnoticed, at 5 P. M. she fired a shot across the bows of the suspected vessel, which had the effect of producing the American flag at her peak but she still continued on her course, and seemed to be making her best endeavors to escape, when a well-directed shot from the Dolphin took effect in her fore rigging, causing her to heave to and lower her colors.

On sending a boat on board, she proved to be a brig from the African coast, with three hundred and eighteen negroes. yiU

Her crew were instantly confined, and the prize placed in charge of Lieut. J. M. Bradford and Second Lieut. Clias. C. Carpenter, and sixteen men from the Dolphin, with orders to proceed to Charleston, S. Carolina.

The captain of the slave brig is on board the Dolphin. The Dolphin will leave tomorrow morning for Boston. I learn that the brig's name was formerly Putnam Echo was on. her stern, but had been painted over.-

DOUGLAS V.S. LINCOLN* Notwithstanding the personal and acrimonious character of the contest between Messrs. Douglas and Lincoln, they both manage to infuse considerable humor and fun into the canvass. In the course of the grand tilt at Ottowa Mr. Douglas spoke as follows:

In the remarks which I have made up on this platform, and the position of Mr. Lincoln upon it, I meant nothing personal, disrespectful or unkind to that gentleman. I have known him for nearly twenty-five years. We had many points of sympathy when I first got acquainted with him. We were both comparatively boys—both strugling with poverty in a strange town for our support. I an humble school-tcacher in the town of Winchester, and lie a flourishing grocery-keeper iu the town of Salem. [Laughter'] He was more successful in his occupation than I, and hence became more fortunate in this world's goods. Mr. Lincoln is one of those peculiar men that has performed with admirable skill in every occupation that he ever attempted. I made as good a school-tcacher as I could, and when a cabinet-maker I made the best bedsteads and tables, but my old boss said I succeeded better in bureaus and secretaries than in anything else. [Laughter.] But I believe that Mr Lincoln was more successful in his business than I, for his business soon carried him directly into the Legislature. There I met him in a little time, and I had a sympathy for him, because of the up-hill strugele wc had in life. [Cheers and laughter.] He was then as good at telling an anecdote as now. He could beat any of the boys at wrestling, could out-run them in afoot-race, beat them all at pitching quoits and tossinc a copper, and could win more liquor than all the boys put together [laughter and cheers and the dignity and impartiality with which he presided at a horserace or a fist-fight were the praise of everybody that was present and participated.— [Renewed laughter.] Hence I had a sympathy for him, because he was struggling with misfortune and so was I

CEMETERY SIGHT IN NEW ORLEANS. The Crcsccnt thus describes it: This is certainly a bad time of the year for foreign emigrants to land in New Orleans. The Delia, of Friday last, has the following sickening picture: "St. Vincent de Paul Cemetery, which is situated on Louisa-street, iu the Third District, has been the burying place of a large number of the victims of yellow fever this season This is accounted for from the fact that the disease has been prevailing in a greater degree in the Third District than any other portion of the city. The cemetery is divided into two divisions, the lower one of which is almost destitute of vaults or tombs, and those interred there are placcd, in dry weather, about a foot under ground, the dirt thrown on top, not more than covering the coffin. Since the recent heavy rains, the whole place is flooded more or less, and looks more- like a swamp than a cemetery. The spade hardly breaks through the sod before the wa* ter shows itself, and then the negroes gouge out as much earth as they can for the water. "Several graves were open yesterday as we passed through, looking like oblong mud-puddles. A few moments afterward the remains of some poor individual was brought in, and left to the negroes to inter Placing the rough coffin on a hand-car they carried it a short distance and placed it by the side of a hole, and then made preparations for placing it in the last restingplace. The head of the coffin was let down into the water, but, of course, it would not sink, and immediately rose to the surface. It was thrust down several times rather roughly to endeavor to make it adhere to the soft mud at the bottom, but it invariably rose again. At last it was shoved in, and the spade of one of the negroes held it until the other threw in large quantities of hard mud, which served as a weight to keep the head down. One of the negroes then, while the other kept his spade on the first end, lowered the foot and sank it in the same manner, kicking in some mud with his feet while his spade kept the coffin down. The whole of this section of the cemetery is filled with new graves, and presents the appearance of a newly-plowed field. The stench in some portions is hardly endurable, coming, as it does, from tha shallow graves of wster."-»

TI1E GULF STREAM AA0THE ATLANTIC. The general description of the Gulf Stream, apart from any present question as to its sources, is that of a vast and rapid ocean current issuing from the basin of the Mexican gulf and the Caribbean sea. doubling tbd southern capc of Florida pressing forward to the northeast in a line almost parallel to the American coast touching on tile southern borders of the Grand Banks of Newfoundland, and at some seasons partially passing over them thence, with increased width and diffusion, traversing the whole breadth of the Atlantic, with a central direction towards the British Isles and finally losing itself by still wider diffusions in the Bay of Biscay, on our own shores, and upon the long line of the Norwegian coasts. Its identity in physical character is preserved throughout the many thousand miles of continuous flow—the only change undergone is that of degree. As its waters gradually commingle with those of the surrounding sea, their deep blue tint declines, their high temperature diminishes, the speed with which they pass forward abates. But taking the stream in its total ciursc, it well warrants the vivid description and the name bestowed upon it bj' a modern author, of a "river in the occan." This epithet is, in truth, singularly appropriate to the vast current, so constant and continuous in its course, and so strangely detached from the great mass of occan waters, which, while seemingly cleft asunder to give path to its first impulse, are ever yet pressing upon it, gradually impairing its force and destroying its individuality.— The maximum of velocity, where the stream quits the narrow channel of Bernini, which compresses its egress from the Gulf, is about four inile3 an hour. Off Cage Ilatteras, in North Carolina, where it has gained a breadth of seventyfive miles, the velocity is reduced to three miles.

On the parallel of the Newfoundland Banks it is further reduced to a mile and a half an hour, and this gradual abatement of force is continued across the Atlantic. The temperature of the current undergoes a similar change. The highest observed is about ninety-live degrees Fahrenheit.— Between Cape Ilatteras and Newfoundland, though lessened in amount, the warmth of tho stream in winter is still twenty-five or thirty degrees above that of the ocean through which it flows. Nor is this heat wholly lost when-it reaches and is spread over the coast of northern Europe. The waters thus constantly flowing to us from the tropical regions, bring warmth as well as abundant moisture, to our own islands, and Ireland especially, upon which they more directly impinge, derives much of its peculiarity of climate —its moisture, verdure, and abundant vegetation—from this source.

Were it needful to seek proof of the permanence of the great natural phenomenon of which we are speaking, we might find it at those curious passages of ancient geographers—Pomponianus Mela and J. Solinos Polybister for example which describe the peculiarities of the Irish soil and climate eighteen centuries ago, almost as we should depict them now. But the influence of the Gulf Stream does not stop even here- The climate it may be said to convcv is diffused more or less over the whole' Norwegian coast, the aspccts and produce of which singularly contrast with those of corresponding latitude, itl North Amcrica, Greenland and Siberia Other causes, doubtless, contribute to this fact but none wc apprehend, so largely or un* ccasingly The influence of the temperature of the Gulf Stream on animal life in the ocean, is very serious The whole so sedulously shun its warm waters as almost to indicate its track by their absence while yet abundantly found on each side:

The physical reasons are doubtless the same which prevent this great marine animals from even crossing the equator from one hemisphere to another—a fact now well ascertained. The various species of fish, which are firm and of excellent flavor in the colder belt of the sea upon the American coast lose all their good qualities when taken out of the Gulf .Stream rtinnim: parallel without. On the other hand

the more delicate marine productions,

THOMAS JEFFERSON'S HtMflTA LITY. Mr. Jefferson, while in the public service. was compelled to neglect his large plantations, and therefore, in retiring, found himself in debt. This he soon expected to extinguish from the proceeds of his farms,- And would have done so but for an unseen cause. Monticello became a Mecca for all sorts of pilgrims. His mansion was more thronged than a popufilr hotel and with this difference, that his guests did not go away! friends would remain treeks and even months. And this excess of company, continuing year after year, actually impoverished a too generous host. But let us take Mr. Randall's a

Wo have already introduced to the reader old Wormly, a gray-haired servant of Mr. Jeffersori. \Ve once stood with him before the dilapidated pile of Monti-S cello. The carriage-houses^ three in number, were at the moment before our eye Each would hold a four-horse coach. Wo inquired, "Wormly, how often were these filled in Mr. Jefferson's time?" "Every night, sir, in summer, and wo commonly had two or three carriages under that tree/' said lie, peintirlg to a large tree. "It took all hands to take care of voiir visitors?" wc suggested. "Yes, sir, and tho whrdc farm to feed them," was the concise and significant reply. The last was a literal truth, and expressed less than the fact.— We find in a list of Mr. Jefferson's allotments of his servants, between farming mechanical and menial occupations, as early as 1810, that the house servants (ineluding children) numbered thirty-sevenw The whole Monticello estate, so far as he had laborcrers to work it, did not, in some years, furnish a surplus of food sufficient for his guests and their horses and servants!

The general mode of traveling in Virginia VfM on horseback, or by carriages drawn by at least two horses and strangers who Came from a distance very generally took carriages from some Virginian to vn. Male' :nl female servants much more commonly accompanied travelers than now. Mrs. Randolph, who presided over the domestic establishment at Monticello, being oncc asked what, was the greatest number of guests she had ever been-! nailed upon to provide beds for ovor night, she replied, "she believed fifty!" Not only was everything which was raised at Monticello thus consumed, or exchanged for articles of consumption, but heavy drafts were often made on the Bedford estate.

And such a horde of fashionable company consume something beside common farm products. When Mr. Jefferson first reached what he fancied was to be retirement lie was asked by his daughter on -4, what scale he desired to live—how he would have the appointments of his table "I will be like a plain country gentleman,', was the answer. But this standard could not be followed under the actual circumstances. A delicious Virginia ham on its bed of greens, engirdled by its rim of eggs, (a la Old Dominion) and a slice of chicken or turkey, might do very well for a "plain country gentleman's" dinner two or three times a week, and these could be had for the asking on every Virginia farm. But people of fashion, to say nothing of "New England Judges," might not expect t3 be kept weeks on ham and turkey!— Claret might suffice a "plain country gen tleman," particularly if, as in Mr. Jefferson'? case, he preferred it to all summer wines. His visitors might choose some* thing else and it is not for the hospitable and supposed wealthy entertainer to impose his tastes on his guests. No person need be told that "entertaining handsomely" is an expensive amusement.—Jianiolph's Life of Jcjfcrson.

THE COLORADO EXPEDITION. The report of Lieutenant Bcale, of hisrcccnt expedition across the continent to: survey the route for a wagon-road from Fort Defiance to the Colorado Iliver, has/ been printed. Only forty-eight days were occupied in completing the survey, and the camels were found to !•.• admirably adapted to the journey. In the following

whether animal or vegetable, which inulti-. pnragriiplis Lieutenant Lcale gives an inlv and prosper by warmth arc redundant teresting synopsis of his report: in'the Gulf Stream even after it has quit-! A year in the wilderness ended. Dated ths tropical regions, whence its heat! ring this time I. have conducted my party is deprived. The food is thus matured for ifrom the Gulf of Mexico to the shores of the whole field of the Azores while the! the Pacific Occan and back again t« tho hu^c denizens of the sens flourish in eol-i eastern terminus of the road, through a der water amid the abundance so provided.! country for a great part entirely unknown,

YR.I LOW FEVER AND ITS TREATMENT.— Dr. Baker read a paper under this caption a few days ago before the N. York Acadc« my of Medicine, from a report of which we extract the following

Edinburg Review. and inhabited hy hostile Indians, without the loss of a man. have tested the value of the camels, marked a new road to the Pacific, and traveled four thousand: miles without an accident. 11 i? tho short-, est route from our western frontier by three hundred miles, hcing nearly directly? west. It is the most level, our wagous only double teaming once in the entire distance, and that a short hill, and over a

The Doctor said yellow fever in its first stages could be known by a flushed face, great quivering of the nostrils and an intense brilliancy of the eyes- at the last stages by a powdered pink on the face, not unlike that produced by painting the countenance, an almost porcelain whiteness of yOIUi tliat of any part of° the world I have the eyes, and hemorrhage of the bowels,

sisting of Dover's pills generally, keeping the patient from all exposure, and not letting him get out of his bed for several days, as no man was safe, however well in appearancc, till after the seventh day.—* The Doctor concludcd his paper amid great applause

On motion of Dr. Adams, the thanks of the Academy were presented to Dr. Baker.

surface

England, so far from objection to

the absorption of Mexioo by the United States, appears to be very anxious for such a result Indeed, John Bull is already investing money in confidence of such an event. John is is a curious old chap— there are many things about him—many peculiarities—we like, and we must add to our territory a farm or two, watered by the Gulf, just pleas* him.—BortonGazette..

heretofore unbroken by wheels or

trail of any kind. It is well watered our great.:.-t distance without water at any timo being twenty miles. It is well timbered, and in many places the growth is far be-

cver Heen,

followed by black vomit stated that his passing, ior tlio most part, over an elcvamode of treatment was

one

jt js temperate in climatc,

winch would It js salubrious, not one of

surprise the faculty by its simplicity. Hc|onr party requiring the slightest medical first gave a dose ot castor-oil, or sweet oil, attendance from the time of our leaving to with lime juice, then a gentle opiate, con-

0lir

arrival. It is well gras°cd, my com-

mand never having made a bad grass camp during the entire distance until near the Colorado. It crosses the great desert (which must be crossed by any road to California) as its narrowest point. I passed through a country abounding in gauio and but little infested by Indians. On the entire road, until our arrival at the Mohave villages, we did not notice in all over a dozen Indians, and those of a timid and inoffensive character. At the crossing of the Colorado, grain, vegetables and breadstuffs may be obtained in any quantity from the Indians, who cultivate extensively, though rudely, the fertile bottom landa of the Colorado. It is passable alike iu winter and summer. These are the advantages which I claim for the road which wc have discovered, marked and explored from N?w Mexico to th?.« Pfafe.