Crawfordsville Review, Crawfordsville, Montgomery County, 4 April 1857 — Page 1

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Wo knew it won'd raio, for all the mern •, A spirit, on slender ropes of mist, Waklbwering its golden buckct! down

Intb thtf vapory amthy»«'

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William Caldwell and Rebecca, his wife, Si emigrants from Ireland, removed from Pennsylvania to Virginia about the }rear 1749. *nd settled in Charlotte County.—

Their ancestors were French Huguenots, who fled from France in 1685, after the revocation of the edict of Nantes part of the family settling in Scotland, and the rest in Ireland. At his death, this Caldwell left four sons and five daughters, among whom was Elizabeth, the subject of this article, born in October, 1757.

In 1770/.the widowed mother removed with her family to South Carolina, nnd scttied on Mill Creek, in Newberry DistrictShe was persuaded to choose that locality by her eldest son, John, who was an activc and enterprising young man, and had gained distinction as a surveyor. He had previously been engaged in exploring that part of South Carolina.

The second daughter, Martha, became the wife of Patrick Calhoun, and the mother of John C. Calhoun. They resided in Abbeville. The three older sons of Mrs. Caldwell were prominent in service during the lie volution David, the youngest, being a mere boy, and so deaf as to be in a great measure incapacitated from the activc duties of life. All the pons and daughters, except ihc eldest son, became the heads of families and their numerous descendants arc scattered over South Carolina and the Southwest.

Elizabeth Caldwell lived at homo with her mother, during (he years of the Revolutionary struggle, assisting her under the many trials and privations to which women and children were subjected in those times of persecution and peril. The celebrated foray of "The Bloody Scout," in November, 1781, inflicted the severest blow on this patriotic family. Cunningham was tho ••aptain of this band of marauders and butchers, who had been, in all probability, deeply provoked by acts of .violence on the part of some lawless men among the Whigs. The sufferings of the wives and children of the loyalists, who had been torn from their homes under the orders of Governor Rutledge, and sent, to the British lines at Charleston, also contributed to exasperate the remaining Tories.

On this occasion, Cunningham's party crossed the Saluda River, at Anderson's Mills, and as they passed up the stream, burned every house they saw, after seizing whatever they could find in the way of plunder* Stopping at the shop of a man named Ei sley, they killed three men they found th?re.

The ruuior ot this Tory march of de. .struction was spread among the settlers Ivy the report of their guns, and caused great alarm but it did not prevent some of the heroic women from going forth to sec what assistance they could render those who were wounded, or driven out shelterless. Elizabeth Caldwell, on the way to her brother's house, outsped the rest, and arrived alone at Ersley's shop.— A terrible sccne met her view. Two men lay on the floor weltering in their blood, and entirely lifeless another dead man was stretched out, as in mockery, upon the. vice bench where he had been at work.— The young girl fled in terror from the spot nnd ran on to her brother's. She found the house a heap of smoking ruins!

Almost the first object she saw was the body of a man lying on his face in the yard she lifted up the head, and recognised her murdered brother! The members of the house-hold were scattered in different directions some had hid themselves in the woods, or had fled to seek help, but one frantic woman was wandering, maddened with grief, around the .smouldering pile, wringing her hands, and sending forth piercing cries and lamentations. It was the hapless widow. When her husband's mother and sisters came to Xreop with her nnd soothe her desperate agony, she became collected enough to give some account of the horrible transac-

-z The wife.,of Major John Caldwell had first caught a glimpse of the hostile party as they were approaching the house. She hastened to inform her husband, and entreated him .to,, make his escape. nis anewor was that he had done no harm, as an individual/ to the Tories, and therefore had nothing" to fear from" them for he dreamed not that political differences would be revenged by murder in cold blood.

Presently thebody of men came, nearer tliioy halted at the gate, and with a loud I'M ^or Mie owner of the house.— The major quieted hi* terrified wife, and walked out—-with a Buauer so composed that it would haTe commanded respect frprn a pvtjjTor tffldi5r»—to meet Cuninat' outlawl Kad once served under his own command. But the front of

tin. *,

kpw IT WOULII RAIN.

Maralies ani »r«mp8 and d'wmal fensScoopin? the dew that lay in the flowers, t)Pi!og ^e joyrela jut °f the sua, i-?t To sprinkle them over the land in showers'.

We knew it would rain, for the poplars showed Tfco white of their loaves—the ember grain Shrunk in the. wind—and the lightning now

Is tangled in tremulous skeins of rain I ... 1 &>. WOMEN OF THE BEVOLUTION.

The compunction of the Tory leader, if real, was short-lived. His men entered the garden with their horses, and rode up and down in fierce and fiendlike sport.— Then they burst into the house, plundered it of everything they chose to carry off, and set it on fire, watching the flames with hateful glee as they rose on high and wrapped the building, and riding off with yells cf satisfaction. The scared inmates were left to seek shelter where they could, and the widow seated in the yard beside her slaughtered husband.

Not many months after this tragical occurrence, a lad named James Crcswell, who afterwards rose to the dignity of colonel, and was even then noted throughout the neighborhood for his active hostility to the loyalists, happened to be staying at the house of Mrs. Rebecca Caldwell, the mother of the murdered officer. One of the negroes canic running in with the startling intelligence that a bod}' of Tories was coming along the road towards the gate. A moment-'afterwards, they were in full sight, and escape was impossible. The lad's death was certain, should he be discovered.

Out walked a tall, awkward figure in female toggery, the bonnet slouched over the face so as completely to conceal the features. The two passed through the midst of the Tories, sprang upon their horses, passed through the gate, and set off at full gallop on their journey. The intruders, meanwhile, were inquiring eagerly for their intended victim, and set men to watch the doors while they searched the whole house for James Crcswell.

The young woman, finding further concealment impossible, came forth from her hiding-place, confronted the enemy, and was soon recognized as the real "Betsy!" The marauders saw that they had been tricked, and that the youth whose life they wanted was beyond their reach and they revenged themselves by stripping the house of oil the movable goods it contained. One of them swore—as it usually happens afterwards—that he had his suspicions—for "the ga'al took mighty long steps as she went to mount her horse."

At. the close of the war, Elizabeth Caldwell married Robert Gillaai, the son of a revolutionary officer, and himself a gallant soldier of that stormy period. The Revolution had stripped them of all their property. Robert's own account of his beginning the world is 'worth preserving: "After I was married," said lie, "my father gave me land for a settlement. I took my axe and went otit into the woods, about a mile from his residence, to select a place for a house, leaving my wife to prepare my breakfast, and bring it to me. I found a spring, and chose a place to set my house cut down a tree for the first log, measured it, and began to think over my future prospects. I said to myself: 'I aiu here without

means,

a

determined wickedness could not be abashed before the clear eyes of honor and vir. tue, when irresponsible power was in the hands of such wretches. As Caldwell came within a few paces of the leader of the party, the latter deliberately drew a pistol, took aim at his heart, and fired.— The majot sank to the ground, and in a few moments expired.

Mrs. Caldwell—the widow—always persisted in her assertion that the shot was fired by "Bloody Bill Cunningham" himself. But the account of another person, who knew the victim well, was, that the deed was committed by two videttes, who happened to be in advance of their captain and that when Cunningham arrived, he affected to deplore the bloody tragedy, protesting that he would as soon have shot his own father! The account given in "Curwin's Memoirs" confirms this statement.

'•.Hide yourself, Betsy, qifick!'' exclaimed the old lady. "And you, .lames, do as Ibid you!" She snatched down some of her daughter's clothes from the closet, and hurriedly ordered young Crcswell to dress himself in them, which he did as quickly as possible •Mrs. Caldwell, meantime, ordered her own horse and .Betsy's horse to be saddled immediately, saying she was going in great haste to visit Mrs. Nccly. By the time the enemy were in the yard, the horses, ready for the ride, stood before the doorThe matron walked out in her bonnet and shawl, and seemed little disconcerted at sight of the strange intruders. '•Come along, Betsy," she cried, impatiently "come along you know I am in a hurry."

without assistance, and about to

commence provisiou for a family, with no. thing to commence upon what can I do? I have been so long in the camp, I am not used to work. Suppose I leave the job and run away While musing thus, I saw my wife coming in search of me with my breakfast. When she came up, we sat down together on the log: I to eat and talk, and she tb look on and listen. I stated to her my plan for the house but at the same time told her.the prospect of living was bad, the difficulties were great, and I did not see how I could get along so as to overcome them and, finally, that I did not know what to do. (Thev notion cf running away I kept to myself.) She listened, womanlike, to my-doubts and fears cheered me by pointing to others around us worse off than wc were, and finally encour­

aged me to go on with my work, and try to do the best I could. My meal was finish ed I mounted the log, cut it off, and thought no more about running away."

By honest and patient industry, the Gillains overcame their early difficulties and obtained a respectable competence. Mrs. Crillam became the mother of six chil dren. She was married to a second hus band—William T. Sheppard. In her old age she resided with her son, General James Gillam, a highly respected citizen of Abbeville, and lived to a great age. She and all the other members of the Caldwell family were Presbyterians and she trained her children according to the sacred maxims which had guided her own early life though her literary culture was limited to elementary instruction. She had been baptized in infancy by the Rev. Patrick Henry, uncle to Virginia's great orator.

In her ninety-second year, she was in good health and able to take active exercise, though deprived of the sight of one eye. She had a kind and honest face, pos sessed a vigorous mind, with untiring industry and energy, and was cheerful, goodhumored, and fond of social intercourse.— She added the crown of eminent piety to the excellence of her character as a wife and mother.

Rebecca Caldwell—her mother, and the grandmother of John C. Calhoun—died at at Mill Creek, in 1807, at the age of nine-ty-nine.

MISSOURI COMPROMISE. Important Letters from Mr. Madison. Black Republican papers have stated times without number that Mr Madison had given it as his opinion that the Missouri Compromise was Constitutional, and that lie was in favor of the measure. The following extract written by him, Feb. 23d, 1820, to Mr. Monroe, speaks for itself. It will be seen that he gave his opinion against it, not only on the grounds of unconstitutionality. but on the ground of expediency:

MONTPELIER, FEB. 23, 1820.

"I received yours of the 19th on Monday. The pinch of the difficulty in the case stated, seems to be the words 'for ever,' coupled with the interdict relating to the terrritory north of latitude 86 deg. 30 niin. If the necessary import of these words be, that they are to operate as a condition on future States admitted into the Union, as a restriction on them after admission, they seem to encounter, indirectly, the arguments which prevailed in the Senate for an unconditional admission of'Missouri. I must conclude, therefore, from the assent of the Senate to the words, after the strong vote, on constitutional grounds, against the restriction on Missouri, that there is some other mode of explaining them in their actual application.

As to the right of Congress to apply such a restrction during the territorial period, it depends on the clause specially providing for the management of those subordinate establishments.

On one side it naturally occurs, that the right, being given from the necessity of the case, and in suspension of the great principle of self-government, ought not to be extended further, nor continued longer, than the occasion may fairly require.

On the other side, it cannot be denied that the constitutional phrase "to make all rules," &c., as expounded by uniform practice, is somewhat of a ductile nature and leaves much to legislative discretion.

The questions to bo decided seem to be: 1. Whether a territorial restriction be an assumption of illegitimate power or, 2. Misuse of legitimate power and if the latter only, whether the injur}- threatened to the nation from an acquiescence in the misuse, or from a frustration of it, be the greater.

On the first point, there is certainly room for difference of opinion though, for myself, I must own that I HAYE ALWAYS LEANED TO THE BELIEF THAT THE RESTRICTION WAS NOT WITHIN THE TRUE SCOPE OF THE CONSTITUTION.

On the alternative presented by the the second point, there can be no room, with the cool and candid, for blame on those acquiescing in a conciliatory course, the demand for which was deemed urgent, and the course itself deemed not irreconcilable with the Constitution.

This is the hasty view I have taken of the subject. I am aware that I may be suspected of being influenced by the habit of a guarded construction of constitutional powers and I have certainly felt all the influence that could justly flow from a conviction that an UNCONTROLLED DISPERSION OF THE SLAVES NOW WITHIN THE UNITED STATES, WAS NOT ONLY BEST FOR. THE NATION, BUT MOST FAVORVBLE FOR THE SLAVES ALSO, BOTH AS TO THEIR rROSPECTS OF EMANCIPATION, AND AS TO THEIR CONDITION IN THE MEANTIME."

POWER OF THE HUMAN EYE.—George Pitt, afterwards Lord Rivers, declared that he could tame the most furious animal by looking at it steadily. Lord Spence said, "Well, there is a mastiff in the court yard here which is the terror of the neighborhood, will you try your power on him?"— Pitt agreed to do so, and the company descended to the court yard. A servant held the mastiff by a chain. They all shuddered. At a signal given, the mastiff was let loose, and ruslisd furiotisly towards Pitt, then suddenly checked his pace, seemed confounded, and leaping over Pitt's head, ran away, and was not seen for many hours after. During one of my visits to Italy, while I was walking a little before my carriage on the road not far from Vienna, I perceived two huge dogs bounding towards me. I recollected what Pitt had done, and trembling from head to foot, I yet had resolution enough to stand quite still and eye them with a fixed look. They gradually relaxed their speed from a gallop to a trot, came up to me, stopped for a moment and went back again.—Rogers' Table Talk.

I^Courtcsy is the only true mark of nobility?1" C'--- n.n -io-f

Montgomery?.

house, and the paddle boxes, and engine

THE GREAT STEAM MONSTER. The <Great Eastern> is rapidly being finished. A thousand men are at work upon her huge hull, and on her 'arrival at the city of Portland, at which place she will be expected in May next, it would repay a jouniey of a thousand miles to look upon her. One can hardly conceive of such vast proportions as this bold experiment in shipbuilding has resulted in.

As compared with the largest steamers afloat, or, indeed, which ever has been built, the <Great Eastern> is a whale among mackerel. The new steamer <Persia>, built in 1856, is three hundred and ninety feet long; <Himalaya>, built in 1853, is three hundred and seventy feet; the great screw-ship <Great Britain>, built in 1844, three hundred and twenty-two, and the <Great Western>, in 1838, two hundred and thirty-six feet; but this mammoth of the year 1857, which will enter before she is out of her docks at the Isle of Dogs in the river Thames, is six hundred and eightyseven feet, about <an eight [sic] of a mile long>. She draws twenty-four feet of water, and Portland was the only city on the Atlantic coast at which it was deemed practicable to take this huge piece of naval architecture. The locality assigned by the city authorities of Portland, as the home of the <Great Eastern> while in America, is the water front which lies by the side of the greatdepot of the Atlantic and St. Lawrence Railroad. From the ocean, the entrance to Casco Bay is spacious and unimpeded for vessels, of any size or draught of water, and a passage to the city is without a single obstacle by dredging a few feet near the site of the proposed docks. These so-call-ed "docks" are, in fact, two long and sub-stantially-built piers, at which the vessel is to lie broad-side on. It has been supposed that the Great Eastern was being built as one of a line of packets between this country and England, but such is not the case; she is destined, as her name indicates, for long Eastern voyages as an emigrant ship to the English colonies. Her accommodations being really splendid, can be taken as low as $100, and from that to $300, according to class.

This magnificent vessel was perfected by Mr. Brunnel, who constructed the <Great Western>, in 1838. She is entirely

of iron, and her total weight, including engines, which will be placed in her while on land, will not be less than twelve thousand tuns. The process of launching her will be very novel, two cradles will be introduced, by means of which the leviathan will be lowered sideways into the water at low tide, the rising of which will float her off in safety. The plan, of construction deserves notice, and we regret that we cannot devote space to an extended detail of this wonderful piece of human contrivance.

Longitudinal iron-webs run from stem to stern, and up to eight feet above her deep-water line. Riveted to these, on each side, subdivided at convenient lengths, are plates of iron three-fourths of an inch thick, forming a sort of double skin to the ship, her frame-work being a system of cells, combining the least weight with the greatest strength. Ten perfectly watertight bulk-heads, sixty feet apart, having no opening whatever lower than the second deck, divided the ship transversely, while two longitudinal walls of iron, thirty-six feet apart, traverse three hundred and fifty feet of the length of the vessel, the interior divided thus, like the sides, into a system of cells or boxes. Besides these main divisions, there are many others devoted to boiler-rooms, engine-rooms, coal and cargo, and some fifty feet of her stem and stern are as rigid as so much solid iron, in being divided by iron decks from bulwark to keel. Her accommodations for passengers, it need not be said, are astonishing; she will take eight hundred first-class, and two thousand second-class, and twelve hundred third-class, making a grand total of four thousand persons, independent of her ship's company. The saloons and sleeping apartments, extending over three hundred and fifty feet, are located in the middle of the vessel, so disposed as to be undisturbed by sound, and very little, also, by motion. Steam and water-pipes penetrate the whole structure, and gas, manufactured on board, lights up the whole ship.

county,- bjdiam/ apeil

Of

the

points through a transparent card, illuminated like a clock front. An atmospheric light will be carried at her mast head of power enough to create a moonshine atmosphere around her in the darkest night. She carries on her decks ten screw steamers of ninety feet in length as a precaution of safety, and also a great number of lifeboats. It is supposed that in the movements of this monstrous ship on the deep, she will neither roll nor pitch, her immense stride will enable her to cover three of the longest swells of the Atlantic ocean. She will take three hundred-foot waves, nine hundred feet in all, with the greatest ease.

those

No vices are so incurable as

which men are apt to glory in. ,--•

That I have met with opposition, and even bitter vituperation, and vindictive malice, is no matter for astonishment. No man has ever yet held an important or responsible post in our own or any other country and escaped censure. I should have been weak and foolish indeed, had I c-x-pectcd to pass through the fiery ordeal entirely unscathed, especially as I was required, if not to come in contact with, at least to thwart evil machinations, andjiold in restraint wicked passions, or rid the Tcr-

Tlie upper deck is flush from stein to stern, ritory of many lawless, reckless and desand a walk fore aud aft, four times, will pcrate men. Beside, it were impossible accomplish a mile. come in contact with the conflicting in-

three different powers—sail, screw and paddle—having two screw engines, four paddle engines, and seven masts with six thousand five hundred feet of canvas. The combined force of the engines are equal to that of three thousand horses, and her speed will probably reach at least twenty miles an hour. Four auxiliary engines will be used to heave the anchors, pump, and hoist the sails. Telegraphs are to be used to communicate between the wheel

This great vessel is to be propelled by tercsts which governed the conduct of ma-

ny well disposed persons, without bccom ing an object of mistrust and abuse. AV liilc from others, whose sole object was notoriously personal advancement at any sacrifice of the general good and at every hazard, it would have been ridiculous to anticipate the need of praise for disinterested action and hence, however palpable might have been my patriotism, however just my official conduct, or however beneficial its results, I do not marvel that my

motives have been impugned and my in-

room, while the compass is set on a frame tegrity maligned. Jt is, however, so well fortv feet high, the helmsman reading

known that I need scarcely record the fact,

that those who have attributed my-labors to a desire for gubernatorial or senatorial honors, were and are themselves the aspirants for those high-trusts and powers, and foolishly imagined that I stood between them and the consummation of their ambitious designs and high towering hopes.

But whatever may be thought or said of my motives or desires, I have the proud consciousness of leaving this scene of my severe and anxious toil with clean hands, and the satisfactory conviction that lie who can penetrate the inmost recesses of the heart, and read its secret thoughts, will approve my purposes and acts. In the dis-

The scientific world must look with great charge of my executive functions, I have interest to the experiment of crossing the invariably sought to do equal and exact jusseas with this huge and powerful craft, and tice to all men, however humble or exalted. her arrival at the city of her destination, in the coming spring, will be looked for with intense interest. Sixty thousand dollars have been appropriated by Portland for dockage expenditures for her reception, and this is but a small proportion of the cost of a place to "tie her to." This voyage is only a trial one. She will remain at her visiting-place long enough for the great Western world to. take a trip to look at her, if they desire, and but little doubt exists that a furore of excitement will be creatcd on her appearance in Portland- harbor in the month of May next.

I have eschewed all sectional disputations, kept aloof from all party affiliations, and have alike scorned numerous threats of personal injur}' and violence, and the most flattering promises of advancement and reward. And I ask and claim nothing more for the part I have acted than the simple merit of having endeavored to perform my duty. This I.have done, at all times, and on every occasion regardless of the opinions of men, and utterly fearless of the consequenccs. Occasionally I have been forced to assume great responsibilities, and depend solely upon my own resources to accomplish important ends: but in all such instances, I have carefully examined surrounding circumstanccs, weighed well the

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FAREWELL ADDRESS OF GOVERNOR GEARY TO THE PEOPLE OF KANSAS. Having determined to resign the Executive office, and retire again to the quiet scenes of private life and the enjoyment of those domestic comforts of which I have been so long deprived, I deem it proper to address you on the occasion of ihy de parture.

The office from which I now voluntarily withdraw, was unsought by me, and at the time of its acceptance, was by no means desirable. This was quite evident, from the deplorable moral, civil and political condition

the Territory—the discord

contention and deadly strife, which then and there prevailed—and the painful anxiety with which it was regarded by patri otic citizens in every portion of the Ameri can Union. To attempt to govern Kansas at such a period and under such circum stances, was to assume, no ordinary respon sibilities. Few men could have desired to undertake the task, and none would hav been so presumptuous, without serious fore bodings as to the result. That I should have hesitated, is no matter of astonishment to those acquainted with the fact but that I accepted the appointment, was a well founded source of regret to many of my well-tried friends, who looked upon the en terprise as one that could terminate in noth ing but disaster to myself. It was suppos ed not possible that order could be brought in any reasonable space of time, and with the means at my command, from the then existing chaos

Without dcscanting upon the feelings principles and motives which prompted me sufficc it to saj', that I accepted the Presi dent's tender of the office of Governor.In doing so, I sacrificed the comforts of a home, endeared by the strongest earthly tics aud most sacred associations, to embark in an undertaking which presented at the best but a dark and unsatisfactory prospect. I reached Kansas and entered upon the discharge of my official duties in the most gloomy hour of her history. Desolation and ruin reigned on every hand.— Homes and firesides were deserted. The smoke of burning dwellings darkened the atmosphere. Women and children, driven from their habitations, wandered over the prairies and among the woodlands, or sought refuge and protection among the Indian tribes. The highways were infested with numerous predatory bands, and the towns were fortified and garrisoned by armies of conflicting partizans, each excited almost to frenzy, and determined upon mutual extermination. Such was without exaggera tion, the condition of the Territory, at the period of my arrival. Her treasury was bankrupt. There were no pecuniary resources within herself to meet the exigencies of the time. The Congressional appropriations, intended to defray the expenses of a year, were insufficient to meet the demands of a fortnight. The laws were null, the courts virtually suspended, and the civil arm of the Government almost entirely powerless. Action—prompt, decisive, energetic action—was necessary. I at once saw what was needed, and without hesitation gave myself to the work. For six months I have labored with unceasing industry. The accustomed and needed hours for sleep have been employed in the public service. Night and day have official duties demanded unremitting attention. I have had no proper leisure moments for rest or recreation. My health has failed under the pressure. Nor is this all to my own private purse, without assurance of reimbursement, have I resorted, in every emergency, for the required funds. Whether these arduous services and willing sacrifices have been beneficial to Kansas and 1113- country, you are abundantly qualified to determine.

probable results, and acted upon my own deliberate judgement and in now reviewing them, I am well satisfied that the policy uniformly pursued, that were it to be done over again, it should not be changed in the slightest particular.

In parting with you I can do no less than give you a few words of kindly advice, and even friendly warning. You are well aware that most of the troubles which late Iy agitated the Territory, were occasioned by men who had no especial interest in its welfare. Manjr of them were not even resi dents whilst it is quite evident th.it others were influenced altogether in the part they took in the disturbance by mercenary or other personal considerations. The great body of the actual citizens are con servative, law-abiding and peace-loving men, disposed rather to make sacrifices for conciliation and consequent peace, than to insist for their entire rights should tho general good thereby be caused to suffer.— Some of them under the influence of the prevailing excitemcnt aud misguided opin ions, were led to the commission of griev ous mistakes, but not with the deliberate intention of doing wrong.

A very few men, resolved upon mischief, may keep in a state of unhealthy excite ment and involve in fearful strife an entire community. This was demonstrated du ring the civil commotions with which the Territory was convulsed. While the peo pie generally were anxious to pursue their peaceful callings, small combinations crafty, scheming, and designing men sue cccded, from purely selfish motives,

bringing upon them a scries of most la mentable and destructive difficulties. Nor arc they satisfied with the mischief already done. They never desired that the prcs ent peacc should be affected nor do they intend that it shall continue if they have the power to prevent it.

In the constant croakings of disaffected individuals in various sections, you hear 011I3- the expressions of evil desires and intentions. Watch, then with a special, jealous and suspicious eye those also who arc continually indulging in surmises of renewed hostilities. They arc not the friends of Kansas, and there is reason to fear that some of them arc not only the enemies of this Territory but of the Union itself. Its dissolution is their ardent wish, and Kansas has been selected as a fit place to commence the accomplishment of a most nefaious design. The scheme has thus far been frustrated but it has not been aban doncd. You arc entrusted, not only with the guardianship of this Territory but the pcace of the Union, which depends upon ou in a greater degree than you may at present suppose.

You should, therefore, frown down every effort to foment discord, and especially to array settlers from different sections of the Union in hostility against each other. All true patriots, whether from the North or South, East or West, should unite to ether for that which is and must be regarded as a common cause, tho preservation of the Union and he who shall whisper a desire for its dissolution, no matter what may be his pretensions, or to what faction or party lie claims to belong, is unworthy of your confidence, deserves your strongest reprobation, and should be branded as a traitor to his country. There is a oice crying from the grave of one whose memory is dearly cherished in every patriotic heart, and let it not cr}r in vain. It tells you that this attempt at dissolution is no new thing but that, even as early as the days of our first President, it was agitated by ambitious aspirants for place and power. And if the appeal of a still more ecent hero and patriot was needed in his time, how much more is it applicable now, and in this Territory. "The possible dissolution of the Union," says, has at length become an ordinary and familiar subject of discussion. Has the warning voice of ashington been forgotten? or have designs already been formed to sever the Lnion? Let it not be supposed that I impute to all of those who avc taken an activc part in these unwise and unprofitable discussions, a want of patriotism or public virtue. The honorable feelings of State pride and local attachments, find a place in the bosoms of the most enlightened and pure. But while such men arc conscious of their own integrity and honesty of purpose, they ought never to forget that the citizens ot other States are their political brethren and that, however mistaken they may be in their views, the great body of thein arc equally honest and upright with themselves. 31utu:il suspicions and reproaches may, in time, create mutual hostilities, and artful and designing men will always be found who arc ready to foment these fatal divisions, and to inflame the natural jealousies of different sections of the country. The history of the world is full of such examples, and especially the history of republics.

When I look upon the present condition of the Territory, and contrast it with what it was when I first entered it, I feel satisfied that my administration has not been prejudicial to its interests. On every hand

I now perceive unmistakable indications of

welfare and prosperity. The honest set

tler occupies his quiet dwelling, with his

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m. 1 ^K: number

3?.•

with uncensing vigifance, und protect itfasji lives. Keep down that.

you would your party spirit which, if permitted to obtain^ the mastery, must lead to desolation.—gs Watch closely, and condemn in its infancy,% every insidious movement that can possibly tend to discord and disunion. Suffer no local prejudices to disturb the prevailing' harmony. To every appeal of these, turn a deaf ear, as did the Saviour of men to the promptings of the deceiver. Act as a united band of brothers, bound together byj one common tio. Your interests are the same, and by this course alone can they be maintained. Follow this, and your "--M hearts and homes will be made light and. happy by the richest blessings of a kind and munificent Providence.^

To you, the peaceable citizens of Kansas, I owe my grateful acknowledgements for the aid and comfort your kind assurances and hearty co-operation have afforded me in many dark ad trying hours. You have my sincerest thanks, and my earnest prayers that you may be abundantly rcr warded of Heaven.

To the ladies of the Territory—the wives, mothers, sisters and daughters of the honest settlers—I am also under a weight of obligation. Their numerous prayers have not been raised in vain, nor their numerous assurances of confidence in tho polioy of my administration failed to exert a salutary influence.

At last, though not the least, I must not be unmindful of the noble men who form the military department of the West.— To Gen. Pcrsifcr F. Smith, and the officers at his command. Although from differentparts of the Union, and naturally imbued with sectional prejudices, I know no instance in which such prejudices havfc been permitted to stand in the way of a faithful, ready, cheerful and cnergetic discharge of duty. Their conduct in this respect i« worthy of universal commendation, and presents a bright example for those cxccuuting the civil power. Tho good behavior of all the soldiers who were callcd upon to assist me, is, in fact, deserving of especial noticc. Many of these troops, officers, and men, had served with me on the' fields of Mexico against a foreign foe, and is a source of no little satisfaction to know that the hiurcls there won have been further adorned by the praiseworthy alacity with which they aided to allay a dcstructive fraticidal at home.

With a firm relianeo in the protecting care and overruling providence of that Great Being who holds in his hand the destiny alike of men and of nations, I bid farewell to Kansas and her people, trusting that whatever events may hereafter befall them, they will in

llip

exercise of llis wis­

dom, goodness and power, be so directed as to promote their own best interest and that of the beloved country of which they are destined to form a most important part.

JOHN W. GEARY.

Lecompton, March Vlth 1857.

THE WITTIEST ENGLISHMAN.—The National has a sketch of Douglas Jerrold.— We make an extract regarding the popular author in his private and social capacity "By this time it is no secret that he is puted in London literary circles to be the wittiest man going. In grave downght or discussive conversation, or in eloquent and varied monologue there may be others of our metropolitan men of letters ho come up to him, or surpass him but the one quality of wit, and above nil, in the facility of instant, pungent, flashing, blasting retort, ho is believed to have no equal. Not that he is a peculiarly argumentative or combative man, far less that lie is really cynical or ill-natured. His ordinary or spontaneous talk is bright, free, various, anecdotic, fanciful and often ery earnest, though still characterized by•:• the play of wit. But the fashion of "wit combats," even among friends, has not yet gone out and often where there is no dif--..r.-:-- .gference at all or where, if there is a difference, it is a perfectly amicable one, something will be said by sonic one present containing within it the clement by possibility of a jest—a jest of confirmation, a jest critical, a jest sarcast ic, a jest dissolvent a jest personal to the speaker, or a jest purely arbitrary and fantastic. Then is Mr. Jerrold's moment. A flash, and it is out!— Away somewhere among the affinities, ere one could count two the thing has been caught a word has been doubled up an analogy seized on the wing two ideas that had lain apart since chaos arc suddenly" brought together the quickest hearer has it first the laugh goes round like a cracker and,just when the rest arc done, the metaphysical Scotchman at the end of the table cries out, "I sec it," and sends round the laugh again. When the jest is confirmative or fantastic, are all pleased when it, is critical, or sarcastic, or dissolvent, tho speaker may go on at the peril of another."

ftaT* The prophccy of Dr. Cummings, a Scotchman, that the-affairs of this world will be wound up on the 17th of June next, iscrcatingconsiderable excitemontin Paris. The smash will be causcd by a tremendous

comct colning

ct co

wife and children clustering around him, unmolested, and fearless of danger. Ihe solitary traveler pursues his way unharin-j MOTHER INQUIRING FOR HER SON.— ed, over every public thoroughfare.

rl

torch of the incendiary has been extm-

no longer lie in wait in ravine for plunder and assination. Invasions of hostile armies have ceased, and infuriated partizans. living in our midst, have emphatically turned their swords into plow shares, and their spears into pruning hooks. Laborers are everywhere at work—farmers are undergoing rapid improvements—merchants are driving

a

thriving trade, and

mechanics persuing with profit their various occupations. Real estate, in town and country,

ha3

increased in value almost with­

out precedent, until in some places it is commanding prices that never could have be£n anticipated. Whether this healthy and happy change is the result solely of my

Executive labors, or noti it certainly has occurred during my administration. Upon- yourselves must mainly depend the preservation and perpetuity of the present prosperous condition of affairs. ^Guard

in contact with the earth.?

other "learnel

Thel(ans" say that the com-

,|, they do not believe in the

he -y() Q|jvcr Turner: My son, when I

camc

guished, and the cabins by which it was: jncjjana I fou"nd you had been wrongfully destroyed, have been replaced with inforuied of me and of my tlenfh. My son, substantial buildings. Hordes of banditi

frorn niv school in Jackson countv.

am

|jawcsvj]lc, Hnncock county, Ky.,

at Mr. Jackson's. Inquire for Mr. Jackson, at the post-officc in Hawesville. Come to me, or write if vou cannot come.

LOUISA K. TL'UXER.

Exchanges please noticc.

6®* Rev. Mr. Van Meter, who has been engaged finding homes for the homeless children of New York city, in the

far

West,

was, on his last trip, arrested in Washington, Tazewell Co., Illinois, on the chargo of bringing paupers into the State, and fined $100 and costs. Humane, that. ,{^

BRIDGE REPAIRED.—-The bridge over the Muddy Fork of Silver Creek, on the New Albany and Salepi Bailroad, has been thoroughly and strongly rebuilt, and the cars are now passing over it. There will, therefore, be no further detention of freight or passcugcrs St that foint.—-jY. ^1, ledger.