Crawfordsville Daily Journal, Crawfordsville, Montgomery County, 10 December 1891 — Page 1

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Diamonds,

new

(]c8ienB,

Do Not Delay

2'^tuages

t,uK

"«J their wisdom and their experiences.

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loll

toropetcncc

llf«

,rt'st,

,0»en

ni'"lK

*hat

(el's

co"nection

Tberc is

ttll«ge

Our Holiday Stock

Will nmke friends, please everybody, and soli itself on its merits. Don't wait. The Beautiful display of

Fine Jewelry. Watches, Silverware, Clocks, Bronzes. Etc,

ideas, varieties, oddities, pretty conceits, unique conceptions ami 1

is now ready. Clime and make your-selections und have them

I'r I nside for Christmas. Whatever yonr wants may be wte enn meet them with Ilntiful and appropriate selections, for -we claim for our stock General Exefel„m" in Quality, Immense Variety, and Reasonable Prices.

KL1NE&GRAHAM

Jewelers and Optician, Main Street, Opposite Court House

Hiwcittl invitation to the Ladies to examine our beautiful lino or Royal Worcester and Redalstadt Art Porcelain Ware, something beautiful indeed.

0-A.K:

We have just received a Large Assortment of

FUR TRIMMED CLOAKS W1 $10, $12 AND $13

The newest thing out in Light and Dark Colors.

WKATIIKR REPOKT-Fuir, ploisant.

For our Stock is Large, our Goods New and Prices Low. We make

a luisiness of Making bargains in

CLOAKS

Our Winter Offering

The Latest in Style, The Finest in Quality

Have leen combined by us in one mighty effort for the trade.

Will not and can not lie surpassed.

Yon will find we Deal Fair and Save Yon Dollars.

D. W. Rountree!

TO YOUNG Ml^N.

In the days ot the Empire in l'"rance it was the proti ct naiior. that a marshals

ta.on the knapsack of every soldier. In this country and in the^e days \vc iiavc a ^ranil-T

-nila prouder boast. No marshal's baton encircles the empire ot our possibilities and no ii i-

pc.inl v.liini marks the boundary bevond which we may not aim. In our higher civilization

perfc«.t govcrnn.eiU we are the creators of our positions. No accidcnlal ircuinstaiiccs of

l«th or condition bar our ambitions. We are etjual in citizenship, and in the realization of life

awards one man is successful more than the other only in so much as he makes himself. All

'•'Idsarc open and the harvest is to the one who works most industriously and intelligently. In

country in which our lot is cast we enjoy advantages that to others are lost, but these very

nre but the fruits of the brain and brawn of our fathers and ourselves, who, in a

republican form of government and an enlightened administration of the laws, have rrystai-

We enjoy rare privileges that others do riot. Ours is the heritage of a glorious past ar.d

present tlut is ever up and ready for the future. We are something more than mere workers.

through the early years that our ambitions may bear fruit and bring us honor and a

when the shadows will have begun to grow* lengthened, here is an individual am

nion in us that makes us the peer of any people on the globe. We are not content to sit our

out working at the footstools of others. The mechanic aims to be a master, the painter an

the clerk a merchant, the laborer that he may gain recognition. And as it physically so

intellectually. In the march toward progress we must keep pace with the leaders or fall

mediocrity that is utterly inconsistent with the spirit of Americanism.

Ike drones, however, are few indeed. In the high positions of honor and trust filled

men not vet in the zenith of their lives, in the well filled classes in which young men and young

spend the hours of evening in study, in the libraries that are patronized to their full

capacity, ay, and in the little library, too, which is the pride of even the humblest American

'10mc, ''ltre is evidence that the parents and their sons and daughters realize that mind is the

P°«er in this newer and greater world. We have passed the ruder stages of our clviliza-

"niand what best fits a man to grapple with living issues, what best enables him to discern im

provements, to suggest inventions, to cope with others whose brains are their capital-tliat is

in life, and the more varied the accomplishments the greater the possibilities. In this

we suggest to young men and strongly recommend the "Encyclopedia liritanmca."

no field in the world of either mental or physical activity which it does not cover. It

result of the critical labor of the best scholars, a compilation of history, the story of the

•cWevements of years, a panorama in which scenes are called up filled with information that no

course can give. It is an education in itself. It only costs a trille-one dime a day put

v,a)' in the bank, which will be presented you with first volume, will purchase it. No man needs

oilier library. No man could have a belter one. Simply desire it as a free gift, and it will

presented to you, and you have a treasure that will be both a pleasure and .i benefit.

Advertiser will Call and Explain How, Wliy ami Where.

fr--'

VOL. VI-NO. 261. ORAWFORDSVILLE, INDIANA, THURSDAY, DECEMBER, 10, 1891.

THE MESSAGE

President Harrison's Third Annual Message to Ccugresa.

GENERAL REVIEW OF STATE AFFAIRS.

Reciprocity, tin Tariff*. Fiiianee, Silver ami ...Oilier Questlous-Tliii Chilian mul i. Italian Imbroglios—Views on (he

Ms4»rrymntit«r"-~Suggestions

RI?i:siiR.NT HAJIKISON'S OPINION*. M'AbiMNOTn*. 1W. !.—The followingis President Harrison's message to the ift.y•second ennytvss:

To THK fSKN.vrK AN!) Ii T:sK o}' KKI'KKSKNTATIVKS: Tim reports of the Imad* of the several executive d.-purtiuonts, required by law to be submitted to me, which ore herewith transmitted, aud the reports of the secretary of the treasury and the attorney general, made directly to congress, furnish a comprehensive Viewof the administrative work of the last llscul year relating to international affairs. Jt •would be of ^reat idvniitu»c if these reports could have un attentive perusal by every member of congress ami by all who take an interest in public affairs such a perusal should not fail to excite lusher appreciation of the vast labor and conscientious effort which sire given to the conduct of our civil udmlnistiatiou. The reports wife. 1 believe, show that every question has been approached, considered and decided from the standpoint of public duty and mon considerations affecting the public ^interests alone. Again 1 invite to every branch of the service the attention and scrutiny of congress.

Iterlprocal Trade.

The work «f t'ue state department during the last year has been characterized by an unusual number of important negotiations and by diplomatic results of a notable and highly beneficial character. Among these are the reciprocal trade arrangements which have been concluded in the exerci.se of the power conferred by section 3 of the tariff law. with the republic of lira/il. with Spulu for its West India possessions and with San Domingo. Like negotiations with other countries have been much advanced, aud it is hoped that before the close of the year further definitive trade arrangements of great value will be concluded.

Tho Itchriiiy sa QaoHtlon.

In view of the reports which have been received asto the diminution of the seal herds lu the Uehrln.e sen, I deen»»Mi It wise to propose to her majesty's government in February last that an agreement as lo a closed reason should be made pending the negotiations for arbitration which then seemed to be approaching a favorable conclusion. Aft'r much correspondence nnd deh'vs for which this government was not responsible, an agreement was reached and signed on the lf»tli of June, by which Great IJritaiu undertook, from that date and until May 1 m«. to prohibit the killing by her subjects ol s.\»ls in the Hehrtng sea, and the government oi the United States, during the same period, to enforce its existlngprohibition against pelugic sealing and to limit the catch by the I-'nr Sealing Company upon the Islauds to r.frfM fkins. if this agreement could have been reached earlier, in response to the strenuous efforts of this government, it would have been more effective but, coming even as late as it dul, unquestionably resivtt* ed in greatly diminishing tho destruction of the seals by the Canadian sealers.

Our l'ork Abroad.

The laws of the lat congress providing a system of inspection for our meats intended for exports, and clothing the president, with power to exclude foreign products from our market in case the country sending them should perpetrate unjust discrimination* against any product of the United States, placed this government in a position to effectively urge the removal of fcueh discriminations against our meats. It ii gratifying to be able to state that Germany, Denmark. Italy. Austria and France, in the order named, have opened theirports to Inspected pork products. The removal of these restrictions in every instance was asked for and given solely upon the ground that wo had now provided a meat inspection that should bo accepted as adequate to the complete removal of the dangers, real or fancied, which had been previously urged.

Itraxtilan Troubles.

The recent political disturbances in the republic of Urax.il have excited regret and solicitude. The information we possessed was too meager to enable us to form a satisfactory judgment of the causes leading to the temporary assumption of supreme power by President Fonseea but this government did not fall to express to him its anxious solicitude for the peaco of UruHl and for the mainteuanco of the free political institutions which had recently been established there, nor toofferour advice that great moderation should be observed in the clash of parties and the contest "for leadership. These counsels were receivedin the most friendly spirit, nnd the latest information is that constitutional government has been v-established without bloodshed.

Tho New Orleans Lynching. The lynching at New Orleans in March last of eleven men of Italian nativity by a mob of citizens was a most deplorable and discreditable incident. It did not, however, have its origin In any general animosity to the Italian people, nor in any disrespect to the government of Italy, with which our relations were of the must friendly character. The fury of the mob was directed against these men as the supposed participants or accessories In the murder of a city officer. I do not allude to this as mitigating inanydegreo this offense ngainst law aud humanity, but only as affecting the international questions which grew out of It. It was openly represented by the Italian minister th it several of those whose lives had been taken by the mob were Italian subjects, aud a demand was made for the punishment of the participants and for an indemnity to the families of those who were killed. It is to be regretted that the manner In which these claims were presented was not such as to promote a calm discussion of the questions involved but this may well be attributed to the excitement and indignation which the crime naturally evoked. The views of this government as to its obligations to foreigners domiciled here were fully stated in tho correspondence as its purpose to make an investigation of tho affair with a view to determine whether there were present any circumstances that could, under such rules of duty an we had indicated, create an obligation upon the United States. The temporary absence of Mie sub-minister plenipotentiary of Italy at this capital has retarded the further correspondence, but it is not doubted that a friendly conclusion is attainable.

Some suggestions g-owing out of this unhappy incident are worthy the attention of congress. Jtwould.lhelieve.be entirely competent for c« ngress to make offenses against tho treaty rights of foreigners domiciled in the Uuited Sta'es cognizable in tl.o federal courts. This has not. however, been done, and fodcral officers and courts have power in such cases to iutervene either for the protection of a foreign citizen or for the punishment of his slayers. It seems to me to follow, in this state of the law, that the ofllcers of thejstate charged with police and judicial powers in such cases must, in the consideration of the international questions, growing out of such incidents, be ro* garded in such sense as federal agents as to make this government answeruble for their acts in cases where it would be answerable if the United States had used 's constitutional power to deiine and punisc crimes against treaty rights.

The Chilian I»nbio-"o.

Tho president reviews the lute rfv il war in Chill at some length, touches briefly upon the seizure, escape and surrender of the Itata, and says: "The instructions to our naval officers nnd to our minister at Santiago, from tho first to tho last of the Chilian war, enjoined upon them the most impartial treatment and absolute non-intcrfeicnee. 1 am satisfied that these instructions wero observed and that our representatives were always watchful to use their Influence impartially in the interests of humanity, and on more than one occasion did so effectively. No official complaint

ElvestlgatlonIs

tho con

duct of our minister or of our naval offloors duriug the struggle has been presented lo this government." Continuing, the president details at length the attack on the sailors of the Baltimore in Valparaiso on October 10. resulting in the death of two seamen and the serious injury of seven or eight others, aud says: "Tho attention of the Chilian government was at once called to this affair, and a statement of tho facts obtained by the investigation wo had conducted was submitted, accompanied by a request to be advised of any other or qualifying facts in the possession of the Chilian government that might teud to relieve this affair of the appearance of an insult to this government. Tho Chilian government was also advised that If such qualifying facts did not exist this gov ernment would confidently expect full and prompt reparation. It is to be regretted that tho reply of tho secretary for foreign affairs of the provisional gov•rnmont was couched in an offensive tone. To this no response has been made. This

overnment now awaiting tho result of an which has been conducted by the

criminal

oourt

Valparaiso.

Is reported

unofficially that the investigation is about completed, and it is espccted that the result will soon be communicated to this government, logothor with some adequate and satisfactory response to the note by which the attention of Chill was called to this incident, if these just expectations should be disappointed or further heedless delay intervene, 1 will, by special messsage, bring this matter again to the attention of congress for such action as mav he necessary.'*

Relation* trith China.

The late outbreak against foreigners In various parts of the Chinese empire has been a cause of deep concern In view of the numerous establishments of our citizens in tho interior or that country. This government can do no less than Insist upon a continuance of the pro tective and punitory measures which the Chinese government has heretofore applied. No effort will be omitted to protect our citizens peaceably sojourning in China, but recent unottlcial information indicates thnt'what was at tirst regarded as an outbreak of mob violence against foreigners has assumed the larger form of an insurrection against public order.

The Chinese government has declined to receive Mr. Hlalr as tho minister of the United States on the ground that, as a participant, while a senator, In the enactment of the existing legislation against the introduction of Chinese laborers, he has become unfriendly and objectionable to China. 1 have felt constrained to potni out to the Chinese government the un-tennblenesS-trf thla 'posttion, which seems to rest as much on tho unaeteptabillty of our legislation as on that or the person chosen, nnd which, if admitted, would practically debur a selection of any representative so loug as the existing laws remain iu force.

Kiihikuua'* Death.

The death of King ICalakaua in the United States afforded occasion to testify our friendship for Hawaii by conveying tho king's body to his owu land in a naval vessel with all due honors. The government of his successor, Queen Liliuokulani, is seeking to promote closer commercial relations with the United States.

The Arbitration Treaty.

The arbitration treaty formulated by the in* ternatiunal American conference lapsed reason of tho failure to exchange ratifications fully within the limit of time provided but several of the governments coucerncd have expressed a desire to save this important result of the conference by an extensioa of the period. It is, in my judgment, incumbent upon the United Slates to conserve the influential initiative it has taken In tfrils measure by satisfying the instrument and by advocating the proposed extension of due time for exchange. X'hese views have beon made Unowu to the other signatories.

ItuMsin's Treatment of the JOWH. This government has found occasion to express, in a friendly spirit, but with much earnestness, to the government of the czur its serious concern because of tho harsh measures now being enforced against the Hebrews in Russia. Hy the revival of the antl-semetlo laws, long in abeyanco, great numbers of those unfortunate persons hate been constrained to abandon their homes and leave the empire by reason of the impossibility of ilnding subsistence within the pale to which it is sought to contlno them. The immigration of these peo-

Ceing

le to the United States—many other countries closed to them—is largely increasing and is likely to assume proportions which may make it difficult to find noines and employment for them here and to seriously affect the labor market. It is estimated that over 1,000,000 will be forced from Russia within a few years. The Hebrew is never a beggar be has always kept the law—life by toil—often under severe and oppressive civil restrictions It is also true that no race, sect or class has more fully cared frr its own than the Hebrew race. I3ut the sudden transfer of such a multitude under conditions that tend to strip them of their small accumulations and to depress their energies and courage, is neither good for them nor for us.

Tho NIoarHgUMii Canal.

The annual report of the Maritime Canal Company of Nicaragua shows that much costly and necessary preparatory work has been done during the year in the construction of shops, railroad tracks and harbor piers and breakwaters, aud that the work of canal constructlon has made some progress. 1 deem it to be matter of the highest concern to the Untted SMites that this canal, connecting tho waters of the Atlantic und I'acitlo oceans and giving to us a short water communication between our ports upon those two great seas, should be speedily coustruoted and at the smallest practicable limit of cost. The gain in freights to the people nnd the direct saving to the government of the United States in the use of Its naval vessels would pay the entire cost of this work within short series of years.

I most sincerely hope that neither party nor sectional lines will be drawn upon this great .American project, so full of interest to the people of all our states and so Influential in Its effects upon the prestige and prosperity of our common country.

International Copyright.

International copyright has been secured, la accordar c^ with the conditions of the act of March 181M, with Belgium, France, Orcat liritalu und the lirltish possessions, and Switzerland, the laws of those countries permitting to our citizens the, benefit of copyright on substantially the same basis as to their own citizens and subjects. With Germany a special convention has been negotiated upon this subject which will bring that country within the reciprocal benefits of our legislation.

KfT'ect of TarlflT Legrlnlatlon. I The general Interest in the operations of the treasury department has been much augment' ed during the last year by reason or the conflicting predictions which accompanied and followed the tariff and other legislation of the last congress affecting the revenues as to tho results of this legislation upon the troasury und upon the country. On the one hand it was contended that imports would so fall off as to leave the treasury bankrupt and that prices of articles entering Into the living of the people would be so enhanced as to disastrously affect their comfort and happiness, while ou tho other it was argued that the loss to the revenue, largely the result of placing sugar on the free list, would be a direct gain to the people mat the prices of tho nocessaries of life. Including those most highly proteotcd, would not be cuhnnccd that labor would have a larger market and the products of the farm advanced prices while the treasury surplus and receipts would bo adequate to meet the appropriations, including the largo exceptioual expenditures for the refuuding to the states of the direct tax and the redemption of the 4!4 per cent, bonds.

It is not my purpose to enter at any length Into a discussion of the effects of tho legislation to which 1 have referred but a brief examination of the statistics of tho treusury and a general glance at the state of business throughout the country will, I think, satisfy any Impartial inquifor that its results have dls appointed the evil prophecies of Its opponents and in a large measure realized the liopeful predictions of its friends. Rarely, if ever before, in the history of the country has there been a time whon the proceeds of one day's labor or the product of one farmed acre would purchaso so large au amount of those things that enter into the living of the masses of the people. I believe that a full test will develop tue fact that the tariff aot of the Fifty-ttrst congress is very favorable In its average effect upon the prlccs of artiolcs entering Into common use.

Exports and Imports.

During tho twelve months from October 1, 1800, to September 30, 1891, the total value of our foreign commerce (imports and exports ootnbined) was («,7-18,806,400, which was the largest of any year in the history of the United States. Tho iRrgcst in any previous year was in 1890. when our commerce amounted to Sl,ftJ7,130,093, and the last year exceeds this enormous aggregate by over $100,003,000. It is interesting, and to some will bo surprising, to know that during the year ending September 30, 1891. our Imports of merchandise amounted to ¥824,715,270, which was an increase of more than |11,OOJ.O(X) over the value of the imports of the corresponding months of the preceding yeur, when the imports of merchandise were unusually large in anticipation of the tariff legislation thon pending. The average annual value of tho imports of merchandise for the ten years from 18S1 to 1890 was (093,186.5^ and during the year ending September CO, 1891, this annual average was exceeded by $132,528,469. The value of free imports during tho twelve months ending September 30, 1891, was 1118,093 387 more than the value of free imports during the corresponding twelve months of the preceding year, and there was during the same period a decrease (|f $106,840,508 in the value of Imports of dutiable merchandise. The percentage of merchandise admitted free of duty during the year tt which 1 have referred. the first under the new tariff, was 46.18, while during the preceding twelve months, under the old tariff, the percentage was 34.27, an increase of 13.91 per cent. If we tako the six months ending ScptcmberSO last, which covers the time during, which sugars have been admitted free of duty, tho per cent, of value of merchandise imported freo of duty Is found to be &5.37, which is a larger percentage of free imports than during any other fiscal year In the history of the government. If wo turn to exports of merchandise the statistics are full of gratification. The value of such exports of merchandise for the twelve months ending September 30, 1891, was $923,091,136, while for the corresponding previous twelve months it was $860,177,115, an increase of f62,9t4,Q2i. which is nearly three times the average annnal increase of exports of merchandise during any year in the history of the government. The increase in the value

DAILY JOURNAL.

of exports of agricultural products during the year referred to over tho corresponding twelve months of the prior year was $15,816,197, while the increase in the value of exports of manufactured products was $10,838,211).

I'r»*|»ority Under the Now Law. There is certainly nothing in the condition of rade. foreign or domestic, there is certainly nothing in tho condition of our people of any class, to suggest that existing tariff and revenue legislation bears oppressively upon the people or retards the commercial development of the nation. It may bo argued that otir condition would be better If our tariff legislation were upon a tree trade basis, but it cannot be ilenled that all tho conditions of prosperity and of general contentment are present in a larger degree than evor before in our history, and that, too, just when it was prophesied they would be in the worst state. Agitation for radical changes in tariff and linnncinl legislation cannot help, but may seriously Impede, business, to the prosperity of which Mime decree of stability in legislation Is essential. 1 ihink there are conclusive evidences that the new tariff has created several groat industries which will, within a few years, give employment to several hundred thousand American worklngmen and women. In view of the somewhat overcrowded condition of the labor market of the United States, every patriotic citizen MinuM reiolce at such a result.

The Finances.

The report ot the secretary of the troasury shows that the total receipts of the government from all sources for the fiscal year ending June a), isui. were li5S.514.2ta.U3. while tho expenditures for the same period were $421,SiM,47J. 10, leaving a surplus of tir.2.'W,762.f»7.

The recelpts'of the llseal year ending June 3». 1892. actual and estimated, are fKUUOO.OiK), aud tiie expenditures $l09,0:).00. For the tlscal year ending June 30, 18M, the estimated r»'e.»ipis nr»i $irtT». 3,'V5,:i,Y) and tho expenditures

Ti'iuiAactionK in Silver.

Under the law of July 14, 18\0, the secretary of the treasury has puichascd since August 13 during the HmmI year 48,39:1,113 ounces of silver bullion at an average cost of $i.U45 per ounoe. The higln st pr'co paid during the yeur was 11.202V u'ui the 1'iwest 10.9636. In exchange for this silv -r !r:! ion have bee lotted $f»),577,493 of the treasury not-author./m by the act., rhi lowesi price of silver i* ac^-'d -luring the: liseai year was Sfl.9336 on A :t\! l.s.'l: but on .\.)vniber 1 tho market price was only which would give to thesihe* dollar a bul ion valueof7l»i ceuts.

He fore the inJluet.ee of the prospoc'.'vo silver legislation was felt in the murko iver was worth in N York about 0.uv per oir.ee. Tho ablest advocates of free eoinngf- in the last congress were most conlldcnt In their prediction that the purchases by the government required by the law should at once bring tho price of silver to 1.29.*9 per ounce, which would make the bullion va:ue of a dollar iWoonts und hold it thcro. The prophecies of the anti-sil-ver men of disasters 10 result from th" coinage of per month were not wider of the mark. The friends of free ive»* rue not agreed, think, as to the causes that brought their hopeful predictions to naught* Soino fuots are Known. The export* of silver from London to India during the first nine months of this calendar year fell off ?17.e«730, compared with the same months ot tlyj preceding year. The exports of domestic Mlver bullion for this coun try, which had averaged for the last ten years over $17,OJO.OOO, fell in the lust fiscal year to $13,797,391 while, for the flrBt time iti recent years, the Imports of silver into this country exceeded the exports by the sum of $2,*45,365. In the previous year the net exports of silver from the United Stutes amounted to $8,M5,455. The production of tho United States Increased from 50,000,000 ounces lu 1889 to54,500,000 In 1890. The government is now buying and putting aside annually 5l,otX).(XK) ounces which, allowing for 7,140,000 ounces of new bullion used in the arts, is 6,610,030 more than our domestic product avnllablc for coinage.

I hope the depression in the price of silver Is temporary and that a further trial of this legislation will more favorably affect it. That the increased volume of currency thus supplied for the use of the people was needed and that beneficial results upon ade and prices have followed this legislation I think must be very clear to everyone 'nor should it be forgotten that for every dollar of these notes issued a full dollar's worth of silver bullion is at the time deposited in the treasury as a security for Its redemption.

Upon this subject, as upon the tariff, my reoommeudation is that the existing laws be given a full trial and that our business interests be spared the distressing influence which threats of radieul changes always impart. UriatiTtfx-' Isting legislation it is in the power of the treasury department to maintain that essential condition of national finance us well as of com mercial prosperity—the party in use of the coin dollars and their paper representatives. The assurance that these powers would be freely and unhesitatingly used has done much to produce and sustain the present favorable business conditions.

Views on Free Coinage.

1 am still of the opinion that the free coinage of silver under existing conditions would disastrously affect our business iutcrests at homo and abroad. We could not hopo to maintnln an cquulity in the purchasing power of the gold and silver dollar In our own markets, and in foreign trade the stamp gives no added value to the bullion contained in coins. The producers of the country, its farmers nnd laborers, have the highest interest that every dollar, paper or coin, issued by the government shall ba as good us any other. If there is one less valuable than another its sure nnd constant errand will be to pay them for their toil and for their crops. The money-lender will protect himself by stipulating for payment in gold, but the laborer has never been able to do that. To place business upon a silver basis would mean a sudden and sovere contraction of the currency, by tho withdrawal of gold nnd gold notes, and such an unsettling of all values as would produce a commercial panic. 1 cannot believe that a people so strong nnd prosperous as ours will1 promote such a policy.

Movement of Gold Abroad.

The exports of gold to Huropo, which began in February last and continued until the last of July, aggregated over $70,000,000. The net loss of gold during tho fiscal year was nearly $68,000,000. That no serious monetary disturbance resulted was most gratifying and gave to Europe fresh evidcnco of tho strength and stability of our tlnunclal Institutions. With the movement of crops this outflow of gold was speedily stopped, nnd a return set in. Up to December 1 we hud recovered of our gold loss at the port cf New York $37,854,000 and It ie confidently believed that during the winter and spring this aggregate will be steadily and largely increased.

Itcduclug the Surplus.

The presence of a large cash surplus in the treasury has for many years boon the subject of much unfavorable criticism und has furnished an argument to those who linvo desired to place the tariff upon a purely revenue basis. It was agreed by all that tho withdrawal from circulation of so largo an amount of money was an embarrassment to the business of the country and mado necessary the intervention of the department at frequent Intervals to relieve threatened monotary

S183.£27,1£0.29.surplus

anies. Tho ou March 1, 1889, was The policy of applying this surplus to the redemption ot the interest-bearing securities of tho United States was thought to be preferable to that of depositing it without interest in selected national banks. There have been redeemed since the date last mentioned of interest-bearing securities $259,079.350, resulting in a reduction of the annual interest charge of $11,634,675. The money which had been deposited in banks without interest has been gradually withdrawn aud used in the redemption of bonds.

Increised Circulation.

The result of this policy, of the silver legislation and of the refunding of the 4K per cent, bonds has been a large increase of the money In circulation. At the dale last named the circulation was $1,401,205,986, or $23.03 per capita: while on tho first day of December, 1891, it had increased to $1,577,262,070, or $24.38 per capita. The offer of the secretary of the'trcasury to the holders of the 4V4 per cent, bonds to extend the time of redemption, at the option of the government at an interest of 9 per cent, was accepted by the holders of alout one-half the amount, and the unextended bonds are being redeemed on presentation.

The War Department.

The report of the secretary of war exhibits the results of an intelligent, progressive and business-like administration of a department which has been too much regarded as one of mere routine. The separation of Secretary Proctor from the department by reason of his appointment us a senator from the stato of Vermont is a source of great regret to me und to bis colleagues in the cabinet, as I am sure it will be to all those who have had business with the department whilo under his charge.

The project of enlisting Indians, and offtanizIng them into separate companies upon the same basis as other aoldlors, was made the subject of a very careftrt study by the secretary.

Tho l,a\v Department.

1 concur iu the rccommondatlon of the attorney general thut the right in felony cases to review by the supreme court be limited. It would seem that personal liberty would have a safo guaranty IT the right of reviow In cases Involving onlv fine and imprisonment was limited to the circuit court ot appeals, unless a constitutional question should In some way be involved. Tho iudges of the court of private land claims provided for by the act of March 3, 1891, hav* been appointed and the court organized. Is now possible to give early relief to communities leog repressed ID

their development by unsettled land lilies and to establish the possession and right of settiers whose lauds have been rendered valueless by adverse and unfounded claims.

ICxclitrtlon of Chinese.

Eight thousand miles cf new postal service have been established upon railroads, the car distribution to sub stations in the great cities has been increased about 1^ per cent., whilo the percentage of errors In distribution has, during the past year, been reduced over onehalf.

Rural Tree Delivery.

An appropriation was given by the last eongrcss for the purpose of making some experiments lu free delivery In the smaller citic6 and towns. The results of these experiments have been so satisfactory that tho postmaster general recommends, und I concur in the recommendation, that the free delivery system be at onco extended to town^ of 5,000 population.

Kxteiiiiloii of the Money Order Sy*t«m. It is stated that over 64,000 neighborhoods are under the prcseut system, recoivlng mail at post offices where money orders and nostal notes are not issued. Tne extension of this system to these communities is especially desirable. as the patrons of such offices are not possessed of the other facilities offered in more populous oommunttles for the transmission of •mall sumsof money. 1 have, In a message to the preoedlng congress, expressed my views as to the modified use of the telegraph in connection with the postal service.

New Warships*

The report of the secretary of the navy shows a gratifying increase of new naval vessels In eommlssion. The Newark, Concord. Benning ton and Mlantonomob have beon added during the year, and an aggregate of something more than 11,U00 tons. Twenty-four warships of all classes are now under construction In the navv yards and private shops, but while the work upon them Is going forward satisfactorily the completion of Lhe more Important vessels will yet require about a yoar's time. Some of the vessels uow under construction, it is believed, will be triumphs of naval engineering. When is recollected that the work of building a modern navy was only initiated In the year 1883, that our naval constructors and shipbuilders were practically without experience in the construction of large iron or steol ships, that our engine shops were unfamiliar with great marine engines and that the manufacture of steel forglngs for guns und plates was almost wholly a foreign industry, the progrcsH that has boon made Is not only highly satisfactory, but furnishes the assurance that the United States will before long attain, In the construction of vessels, with their engines and armaments, the same preeminence which It attained when the best instrument of ocean commerce wus the clipper ship and the most impressivo oxhibitof naval power the old wooden three-decker man of war.

Further Development Urged. 1 commend to your favorable consideration the rccommepdatlop of t^e secretary, who baa.

PRICE CENTS

Envy

The Great Prestige of Royal Baking Powder envied by all competitors.

1 lie envy shown' by other baking powder manufacturers of the great prestige of the Royal Baking Powder is not at all surprising.

For thirty years the Royal has been the standard for purity and strength in baking powders, and has been placed at the head by every board of official examiners—whether State or National.

1 he Royal Baking Powder Company controls its own cream of tartar factory and the processes for making the only absolutely pure cream of tartar it sends its product to millions of homes all over the world, supplies the Army and Navy, the great transatlantic steamers, the finest hotels and restaurants, and is recommended by the best chefs and authorities on cuisine in every land. Its sale is larger than that of all other cream of tartar baking powders combined it has more friends among housekeepers than any other similar article. 1 hese facts are bitterness to the makers of the inferior baking powders hence their advertise

ments, filled with malice, envy and falsehood, against the Royal.

& Consumers recognise a case of "sour grapes."

The enforcement by the treasury department of the law prohibiting the coming of Chinese to the United States has beon offoetive as to sucli as seek to land from vessels entering our ports. The result has beon to divert travel to vessels entering the ports of British Columbia, whence passage Into the United fctatcs at obscure points along the dominion boundary is easy. A very considerable number of Chine.e laborers Jmvc during the past year entered the United States from Canada and Mexico.-* The officers of the treasury department und of the department of justice have used every means at their command to intercept this immigration but the impossibility of perfectly guarding our extended frontier Is apparent. The dominion government collects ahead tax of $50 from every Chinaman entering Canada, and thus derives a considerable revenue from those who only use Its ports to reach position of advantage to ovade our exclusion laws. There seems to be satisisietory evidence that the business of passing China men through Canada to the Uuited States is organized and quite active. The department of justice has construed the laws tn require the return of any Chinaman found to be unlawfully In this country to China as the country from which he came, notwithstanding the fact that he came by way of Canada, but several of the district courts have, In cases brought before them, overruled this view of the law and decided that such persons must be returned to Canada. This construction robs the law of all effectiveness, even If the decrees could be executed, for the men returned can the next day recros* our border, liut the only appropriation made is for sending them back to China, and the Canadian officials refuse to allow them to reenter Canada without the payment of the $53 head tax. 1 recommend such legislation which will remedy these defects in the law.

The Postal Service.

In the report of the postmaster general some very gratifying results arc exhibited and many betterments of the service suggested. A perusal of the report gives abundant evidence thut the supervision aud direction of the postal system have been characterized by an intc ligent and conscientious desire to improve the service. The revenues of the department show au Increase of over $5,000,000, while tho estimate for^ the year 18193 shows a surplus of receipts over expenditures. Ocean mail post ofllcos has been established upon the steamers of the North German Lloyd and Hamburg lines, saving, by the distribution on shipboard, from two to fourteen hours time in the delivery of mall at the port of entry and often much more than this in the delivery nt interior places. So thoroughly has this system, initiated by Germuny and the United States, evidenced its usefulness, that it cunnot be long before it Is installed upon all the great ocean mail-currying steamships.

1 am sure, given to them the most conscientious study. There should be no hesitation In promptly completing a navy of the best modern type, lurge enough to enable this country to display its flag in all seas for the protection of its citizens and its extending commerce.

Indian Schools.

The report of the seeretnry of the interior shows thut a very gratifying progress has been made In all of the bureaus which make up that complex difficult department. The work Tn the bureau of Indian affairs was perhaps never so latge as now by reason of the numerous negotiations which have been proceeding with tne tribes for reduction of the reservations, with the incident labor of making allotments, nnd was never more carefully conducted, The provision of adequate school facilities for Indian children und the location of aduit Indians upon farms involve the solution of the "Indian question." Everything else—rations, annuities and tribal negotiations with the agents, inspectors and commissioners who distribute and conduct them—must pass away when the Indian has become a citizen, secure in the individual ownership of a farm from which he derives bis subsistence by his owii labor, protected by and subordinate to the laws .\yhich govern tho white man and provided by the general government or by the local communities in whioh he lives with the means of educating his children. When nn Indian becomes a cltiaen in an organized state or territory bis relation to the general government ceases. In great measure, to bo that of award: but the general government ought not at once to put upon the state or territory the burden of the education of hi* children. It has been my thought that the government schools aud school buildings upon the reservations would be absorbed by the school systems of the states and territories but, ns It has been found necessary to protect the Indlau against the compulsory education ot his land by exempting him from taxation for a period of twenty-live years, it would seem to be right tbat the general government, certainly where there arc tribal funds In Its possession, should pay to the school fund of the state what would be equivalent to the .local school tax upon the property of the Indian. It will be noticed from the report of the commissioner of Indian affairs that already some contracts have been made with district schools for the education of Indian children. There is great advautage, 1 think, in bringing the ludi-.in children Into mixed schools. This process will bo gradual, and In tho meantime the present educational provisions and arrangements, the result of tho best experience of those who have boon charged with this work, should be continued. This will enable those religious bodies, tbat have undertake tho work of Indian education with so much

7,cnl

and with results so re

straining und beneficent, to place their institutions in new and useful rotations to the Indian and to his white neighbor*.

Th« Sioux War.

The outbreak among the Sioux, which occurred December last, is as to Its causes and incidents fully reported upon by the war department and the department of interior. That theso Indians huvr had some Just complaints, especially in tho matter of the reduction of the appropriation for rations and in the delays attending the enactment of laws to enable the department to perforin the engagements entered Into with them, isprobubly true but the Sioux tribes are naturally war-like and turbulent, and their warriors were excited by their medlciue men aud chiefs, who preached the coming of an Indian Messiah who was to give Aem power to destroy their enemies. In view of the alarm that prevailed among the white settlers near the reservation and of the fatal consequences that would have resulted from an Indian incursion. I placed ut the disposal of Cieu. Miles, commanding the division of the Missouri, all such forces as were thought by him to be required. He is entitled to tb* credit of hu\ln^ given the herolo protection to the settlers and of bringing the houiles inte subjection with the least possible loss of hfo.

A Chaufgo Neeessary.

The relation of tho live civlllz nl tribes now occupying the Indian territory to tho United States 1 not. I believe, the bust calculated to promote th- highest advancement of these InSluns. Tiiat there should be within our borders live independent states, having no relations except those growing out of treaties with the government of the United States, no representation iu the national legislature, its people not citizens, is a startling anomaly, it seems to me to bo inevitable that there shall be before long some organic changes in the relation of these people to the United States. What form these changes should tako I do not think it desirable now to suggest, even tf they were we'l defined In my own mind. Pliey should certainly iuvofve the acceptance .if cHi/.etiship by the Indians and a representation iu congress. These Indians should nave opportunity to present their claims and grievances upon the floor rather than, as now, In tho lobby. If a commission could be appointed to visit these tribes to con* for with them in a friendly spirit upon this whole subject, even if no agreement were pres?ntly reached, the fcciin of the tribes upon this question would b:j developed and discusflon would prepare the way for changes which must come sooner or later.

Iliads Opened to Settlement. The good work of reducing tho larger Indian reservations, by allotments in severalty to tlio Indians und the cession of tho rcmulnlujr lands to the United States for disposition under tho homestead law, has been prosecuted during the year with energy and success. In Septem* her Inst I was enabled to open to settlement in the territory of Oklahoma 099,030 acres of land, all of which was taken up by settlers in a slnglo day. The rush for these lands was accompanicd bv a ereat deal of excitement, but (CONTINUED ON SECOND PAQET)