Brookville Inquirer, Volume 1, Number 19, Brookville, Franklin County, 10 May 1833 — Page 2

CIRCULAR TO POSTMASTERS, Relative to the abuse of the franking privilege, and sending books in the mail. , 4 Post Office Department, ) Washington, April , 1833.$ Being informed by official reports, "that the abuse of the franking privilege is increasing to an extent which threatens seriously to impair the revenue of the Department;" that "it is not confined to correspondence from which no pecuniary advantage results, ut is extended to the commercial and business transactions of the Country instances having been detected of its being practised for the benefit of banks and venders of lottery tickets;" that "every day, letters areleft to be mailed, bearing the franks of persons who are, and for some time have been, many miles distant; and letters are received from the large cities, bearing the franks of gentlemen well known to be remote from those places, the addresses being in hand-writing different from the franks; with other circumstances attending, obviously showing that those, whose franks were upon them, could have no participation in, or knowledge of the letters;" and that "blank envelopes, with franks upor them, have been surreptitiously and otherwise obtained, with a view of covering correspondence, in violation of law;" I call upon all Postmasters, to be vigilant in detecting and preventing those frauds upon the revenue of the Department; and strictly to obey that requirement of the act of Congress, which makes it "their especial duty to prosecute" for such offences. It is because the letter is actually, or by construction of law, from the person authorised to send it free, that it is exempted from postage. The frank is merely the certificate of the fact that it is so. When, therefore, the circumstances connected with the letter, are such as to show that it is not from such a person, and that the frank on it is, in effect a false certificate, Postmasters will in such cases, charge the latter with postage; and they are particularly required to do so, whenever the address on the letter is in a hand-writing different from the frank, unless that circumstance is satisfactorily explained. Penalties attach, whenever a person franks a letter from another, unless written by his own order, and on the business of his office, except that

the Secretaries of the State, Treasury, War, and Navy Departments, and the Postmaster r 1 1 1 1 1 i ttl 1

vienerai, may iranic letters ana pacKers on omciai business, prepared in any public office, in the

absence of the principal thereof. In prosecu

ting for these penalties, Postmasters will obtain the aid of the District Attorney of the United States, and for that purpose, report to him the circumstances, and the names of the witnesses in each case ; and'they will cause the proceeding to be instituted in the District Court of the U. States; not only against those who abuse their frank, but also against those who procure it to be done. Attention is called to the subjoined references, and extracts from, the laws and reg

ulations of the Department. It has been reported by several Postmasters, that numerous volumes of books have lately been discovered in the mails, the wrappers in which they had been enveloped and franked, when mailed, having worn oil; and that this mode of sending them through the country, has been practiced to an extent that has subjected the conveyance of the mail to vexatious burthens and delay I therefore require all Postmasters to be careful to ascertain, when bulky packages are left to be mailed, if they contain books, or any other article not authorised by law to be so transmitted; and on discovering that to be the case, to withhold them, in all instances from the mail. W. T. BARRY, Postmaster General. 03- See pages 15, 10, 21, 26, 28, 29 and 52, of the law and instructions of the Post Office Department, (edition of 1832,) to ascer iin who are entitled to the franking privilege.

Sections twenty-four and tzcenly-cight, of the act of

Uotigress, passed March o, lo-Zo, edtitlcd, An act to reduce into one the several acts establishing and regulating the Post Office Department. Sec. 21. And be it further enacted. That every person who, from and after the passage of this act, shall procure and advise, or assist in doing or perpetrating of any of this act, shall procure

or advise, or assist in the perpetration of any of

the acts or crimes by this act lorbidden, shall be subject to the same penalties and punishments as the persons are subject to, who shall actually do or perpetrate any of the said acts or crimes according to the provisions of this act. Sec. 28. And be it further enacted, That if any person shall frank any letter or letters, other than those written by himself, or by his order, on the business of his office, he shall, an conviction thereof, pay a fine of ten dollars, and it shall be the especial duty of Postmasters to prosecute for said offence: Provided, That the Secretary of the Treasury, Secretary of State, Secretary of War, Secretary of the Navy, and Postmaster General, may frank letters or packets on official business, prepared in another public office, in the absence of the principal thereof. And if any person having the right to receive his letters free of postage, shall receive, enclosed to him, any letter or packet addressed to a person not having that right, it shall be his duty to return the same to the Post Office, marking thereon the place from whence it came, that it may be 'charged with postage. And if any per

son shall counterfeit the hand writing or frank of

any person, ov cause the same to be done, in order toa'vbid the payment of Postage, each person so offending, shall pay for every such offence, five hundred dollars.

ted German adventurer, Earnnrd Mulier, (but better known here as Count Leon) at their head, and settled themselves at the townof Philipsburg, which they purchased of Messrs. Phillips and Graham, and partly paid for. We know not the exact cause of this serious affray, which occurred between the members of these two societies, but believe it arose from the division of the property consequent on the secession of ths followers of Count de Leon. In the affray, many serious wounds were inflicted by both parties; and but for the timely arrival of the Sheriff of Beaver county, lives would probably have been taken by the highly excited combatants. Several of the Leonites, or Phillipsburgh members, have been arrested, and imprisoned in Beaver county jail. We therefore suppose a legal investigation of the matter will take place, which we shall give to the public. Pitt. Manufacturer. Colonization Society. The objects of tliis Society are most laudable, and, if its concerns be wisely managed, the happiest effects will result from it. But, like other Societies, it has been unfortunate in more instances than one, in he selection of its agents, who often do more harm than good to the cause they are employed to promote. Young men, and indeed, old men, have been selected, whose zeal, not tempered by discretion,has thrown stumbling blocks in the way of those who are disposed to contribute. We make this observation in consequence of reading in the Cincinnati Daily Gazette, a letter from Alexander Plumley, an Agent of the Colonization Society, to the Rev. Timothy Flint, in relation to a contribution of Twenty Dollars, from Frances Anne Drake. Mrs. Drake placed in the hands of Mr. Flint the above sum, as "a widow's mite" in aid of Colonization, with a request that he would place it in the hands of some Agent of the Society. Mr. Plumley, who declined receiving it first on the ground that "it was not made his specific duty to obtain funds for the Colonization Society, but merely to circulate tracts issued by that Society," and, 2ndly, because it was not designated whether it was a donation from Mrs. Drake, or amount of a benefit at the Theatre. He seems to doubt the propriety of encouraging theatres to give benefits in aid of the cause, but feels confident, that if it is a private donation from Mrs. Drake, it will be most gratefully acknowledged, although it is the offering of an actress ! ! The matter was referred to Dr. Aydelott, President of the Cincinnati Auxiliary Society, "who declined any action in his official character, but gave it as his opinion that the money would not be received by the General Society." Nothing more ridiculous has come under our observation for some time. We

know no reason why the generous donation of

Mrs. Drake should not be accepted, as well as that of any- other individual in the land. Louisville Herald.

Affray at Economy. We learn that a serious

jauray occurred among the iermans living at Economy, eighteen miles below Pittsburgh, and

. those at Phillipsburgh, in Beaver county. It apt pears that the assailants were composed of per.sons who were formerly members of the Econo- ' y m7 society, but who seceded with the celebra-

Mclancholy. The brig Sultana, Willis, arriv-

at this port yesterday, ol) days lrom Kio de Janeiro, which place she left on the 21th of Feb. Capt. W. informs us that previous ty his sailing two English ships had arrived there, having on board about seventy persons whom they had picked up at sea. From this statement it appears that the British ship Brittania, bound from England to Van Diemans land, with 200 convicts on board, accidentally took fire at sea, while the mate was drawing liquor from a cask in the run, and burned to the waJer's edge. More than an hundred persons, men and women perished in the flames. After the vessel took

fire, the crew and some of the passengers constructed rafts, on which about 70 embarked, and were fortunately saved from a watery crave by

the timely approach of the two vessels above al

luded to. On their arrival at Kio de Janeiro,, a subscription was opened for the relief of the sufferers, and about $4,000 had been raised when the Sultana sailed. It will be recollected that the wreck of a burned vessel was fallen in with sometime since, by the ship Martha, of New York, with a number of dead bodies floating near. Among the surmises then made as to the identity of the ship, was one, that the wreck was that of a convict ship from England. It is probable that this is the same vessel. Bait. Amer.

From the Kittanning Gazette.

One hundred dollars reward! On the 14th of

Feb. last, Jane Leighley, wife of Philip Leighly,

ol JVittanning township, Armstrong county, and daughter of John Campbell, of the same place, died of consumption, and was decently buried in the public burial ground adjacent to the Borough of Kittaning, on the 16th of February.

On the night of the 18th, Doctor John Gilpin, who had been her attending physician, and Ro

bert Logley, his student, disinterred her remains:

took her body to a garret convenient to the of

fice of Doctor Gilpin, dissected it, and after doing so, deposited the head and one arm about the shop, where the same was found, and after

cutting up and mangling the remaining parts of

her body in a manner too horrible to relate, put the same into a box and sent it adrift in the Alleghany river, in which it was found and identified about 20 miles below Kittanning. Even the teeth of the deceased, (as has since been discovered,) were extracted by Cogley and inserted in the mouth of his own sister. Doctor Gilpin absconded on the night of Saturday, the 30th March, and Cogley, on Sunday following. Gilpin is a young man of perhaps 25 years of age, about 6 feet high, strongly proportioned, dark eycs,a sallow complexion, and rather ofa stern or forbidding aspect when spoken to. He is a graduate of the University of Baltimore, and a nativ e of the State of Maryland. Cogley may be about the same age, or perhaps a year or two older. His hair is black and beginning to turn gray, rather prematurely for a young man of his age. He is between 5 feet lO inches, and 6 feet high, pale complexion, delicately formed, constrained in his address and manners. The above reward and all reasonable charges will be given for apprehending said fugitives and delivering them to justice in Kittanning; or 50, with like charges, for either of them.

Allegiance. The decision of the South Carolina Court of Appeals, adverse to the nullification theory of exclusive allegiance to the State, is published at length in the Charleston papers. The case, it will be recollected, is that of Geo. Granstein, who made application to be naturalized according to the acts of Congress. He refused to take the oath of allegiance to the State of South Carolina, in addition to the customary

oath of Allegiance of the United States, and

Judge Bay dismissed his petition for naturalization. Judge Bay assigned as his reasons, that South Carolina being a sovereign State, has a right, bv the law of nations, to prescribe the

terms upon which she will admit aliens to citi

zenship. 1 hat she had prescribed the form and affirmed the right before the adoption of the federal constitution and uniformly acted on them

since.

The Court of Appeals reversed this decision unanimously, and decided that the Judge had

no right to administer the additional oath. It

was also maintained that there is, in fact, no law

of the State interfering with the legislation of

Congress, and that 'lrom the adoption ot the i ederal Constitution, S. Carolina, true to her principles of fidelity to it, has never attempted to interfere with the naturalization of foreigners.' The following sound comments upon this Judicial decision are taken from the Southern Patriot; "Now, the admission that the United States iU3V act exclusively in the premises, as relates to foreigners, gives up the whole question, whether there is such a thing as sovereignty in the Un

ion, and the right to punish for the violation of

the duty of allegiance. JNone but sovereigns can prescribe an oath creating allegiance in one county and compelling its abjuration to another. If there is such sovereignty in the whole, it must have been taken from sovereignty in parts, and the States have relinquished the right of creating allegiance on the part of Foreigners, to that political community or body politic called the United States. The admission creates a direct

relation between the United States and Foreign

ers who take the oath ol allegiance as prescri

bed by act of Congress, with all the liabilities of -w, CI J A 1 7TV

Treason in spite oi otate sovereignty, tne yn-gis of which may not cover a Foreigner, but may a

native, according to the new doctrine, that each

State has a right to declare the extent of the obligations incurred by its citizens under the Con

stitution, and free from the consequences of its violation."

EDUCATION.

The following extract contains imperishable

truths, which should be engraven with a pen of

steel and deeply impressed on the heart of every

citizen of the Republic. "It is the diffusion of

knowledge that must save us;" knowledge among

all classes, lhe people will do right; but how

are they to know right from wrong, without ed-

ucation. It is a lamentable truth, that the poor are too often allowed to grow up destitute of ed

ucation, and are led astray by artful and design

ing demagogues. Universal education and uni

versal suffrages, should go together. The axe

must be laid at the root of the evil. And until it is until the poor are educated, the question

may well be asked, "will our government last?"

The ignorant must be enlightened, before our

nation can have honor. Lancaster Enq.

"Will our government last? Will America be

happy?" are questions often asked with solid

tude. The warm monarchist answers no, and the warm republican as confidently yes. But in

my opinion, the result depends on a class of men

rarely mentioned in connexion with politics- It depends on our schoolmasters: on having enough of them well principled and well qualified; and

posted in their proper citadels; every village

school. I repeat it again, it is the diffusion of

knowledge that must save us. It is often said that knowedge and education must be the guar

dians ot our Republic. But knowledge where! Education for what class? The land may be

full of seminaries, and yet the country fall by

pure ignorance. Uome never had brighter ge

nius than when she lost her liberties never had more knowledge. Cicero, Virgil, Horace these

very names are enough to prove the claims of

their country to high improvement. But where

was this knowledge? It was confined to privi leged classes; it was locked up in extensive li

braries; it was concealed in noble villas. It was monopolized by the few, only to enable them to

crush the many beneath the invisible chains

they were preparing for the mind. There cannot be a more favorable opportunity for the overthrow than this great inequality. If all were ignorant they would stand upon a level, and in the balance of disabilities liberty might be safe. But let the rich be well educated, and the poor neglected, and the fall of freedom is certain. The light will predominate over darkness: the thinkers will rule, and the ignorant will be the slaves. Before I relieve the readers patience already too much abused permit me to make one suggestion more. Why is it that human nature never w ill be excited in proportion to the magnitude of the object proposed at its attention? Party questions they set us in a flame; questions of the deepest utility they put us asleep. It is strange; it is passing strange. We know our own folly; we smile at it; and yet we keep it. Only let some party questions start up in our

assemblies, from the evening caucus to the floorof

Congress, and every tongue is unloosed, and every heart is on fire. Day after day is consumed in the strife: and the whole country is on blaze in the concern. Yet no permanent good is gained or lost by the victory or defeat. It is a mere contest of passion, as transient as it is violent raging and passing away. But let some question of permanent utility come up, over which reason watches, and ambition sleeps and you can hardly command attention enough to investigate the subject. The feelings of the orator are not touched; the ear of the community is not opened Ah! human nature is laboring under a great disease We must seek for a cure." Washington

on Common Schools.

THE LATE STORM. Accounts have reached us as far cast as Mercer county, Pennsylvania, of the devastation occasioned by the terrible whirlwind which passed through this country on the 11th ult. In Wolf, creek township in that country, the storm unroofed the house of a Mr. Gill. The roof was thrown upon the kitchen, which gave way, and killed five persons. Two or three others were wounded. Loss of life and destruction of property, have marked its whole course. Springfield Chron

FROM THE X. Y. EVBXTXft pam

Trade of Boston. There was fifteen foreign arrivals on Friday last, at Boston two from

Canton and three from England. The invoice value of these fifteen cargoes, is estimated at

$.350,000. 1 he reduced duties on their cargoes under the new tariff, will be about $100,000. The duties this month so far, is about $250,000. New-York, April 15. A person calling himself George Colburn, was confined in the watch house on Friday night, on a charge of stealing a horse and gig from a physician, who appeared next morning before the police magistrate, and stated that the previous afternoon, about five o'clock, he left his vehicle standing in front ofa

house in Fourth street, while he stepped out to

visit a patient. During his absence they disappeared, and no tidings were heard of them till ten o'clock in the evening, when the prisoner drove up in fine style before the house, got out and making off when he was seized by some persons who had been looking for the lost propertv, The fellow stated he had onlj taken the horse and gig for the sake of a ride, and as they had been safely returned, he did not know how it could be called a theft. It was altogether a new offence, and could not in any way be construed into a felony, but as the fellow was a complete vagabond, and had no visible means of support, he was sent to the penitentiary under the vagrant act. Standard. From the Genessee Farmer. How to cheat the moon. Some farmers are very careful to sow their spring crops and gardens at a proper time of the moon, and thus frequently anticipate, or pass over the best season of the year. By attending to the following directions, they will escape all the inconvenience arising from the influence of the moon. Select some fair day, as near the usual time as possible arise very early in the morning, and sow your seed boldly Cover all up carefully before night, making the land appear smooth and even. When the moon comes on the next evening she will not be able to determine whether the field has been sown or not, and will therefore bestow no influence upon it, either bad or good. It is important that the land be thoroughly dried, so that it can be made to appear natural. Whenever wheat turns to chess, it is done by the influence of the moon. By attending, to the above directions and sowing clean seed, that evil may also be avoided. P. Milledgezille, March 28. A Land Race of last Tuesday threatens a tragical issue. Four fleet mounted riders started nearly together to purchase a valuable gold tract drawn by some person in Bibb county. Two of them were thrown from their horses one, at three, and the other, fifteen miles from here, and it is said, are both of them dangerously huTtFour or five horses have, just at the moment the paper was going to press, passed the office in full speed. One of the riders was thrown while in sight of our window, and we understand has broken his arm.

The Richmond Enquirer, under the head of "Results and Prospects," says that there will be a decided and overwhelming majority in the next Legislature against Nullification. Virginia is true to the backbone. She goes against the mad politics of South Carolina. She is devoted to the rights and the union of the States. A great race is to be run over the Long Island Union course on the 27th May, a single four miles for $12,000 three entries of $4000 each. Colonel Johnson's Blue Bird, Mr. Livingston's Terror, and a full brother to Henry are the competitors. Lou. Herald. HTiitewash. Take one bushel of pebble lime and enough of hot water to dissolve it while warm or boiling, add about 5 pounds of melted tallow; stir it well, and then pour in as much sweet milk as will make it thin enough for use. This makes a very white and tenacious whitewash, &. for a considerable time will lose nothing in comparison with the best white lead paint. Many of our citizens have lately tried it on their fences and the outer walls of their buildings with an effect that cannot help arresting the attention of all who have a taste for domestic neatness. Try it the cost and trouble will not be much. la. Palladium.

The mavor of Charleston. S. C. and the mayor

j ' of Portland, Me. have imposed quarantine upon: vessels coming from Havana on account of the

Cholera.

Russia has ordered all her subjects who are

travelling in foreign countries to return home

forthwith.

A Yankee In a new play, termed 'The Green

Mountain Boys,' in a dialogue, the Yankee is asked, tauntingly, who his father was? He replies: 'Who was my father? My father was the

first inventor of threshing machines. 1 amtnenrsi

of his make, and can be set in operation at a very little expense, and at the shortest notice ! so look

out.' He thus describes the New England sausage

and Scrubbing Brush Machine. 'Into the centre of this mar hiene.' vou drive a hofr: set the

screws a eoine. and it will oroduce ready made

sausages from one end, and patent scrubbing brushes

lrom the other.