Bloomington Progress, Volume 17, Number 41, Bloomington, Monroe County, 12 December 1883 — Page 1

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A. Republican 3?aper Devoted to tlie Advancement of the Local Interests of Monroe County.

mmmitf a d., isu.

BLOOM INGTON, INDIANA, WEDNESDAY, DECEMBER 12, 1883.

New Series. VOL. XVIL NO. 41.

REPDBLICAK PROGRESS. A VALUABLE ADVEpSWS K3I5-, Orenlatos Anon Ike Best hmn b Hoe Cosjitr,.

Ana is Read by Every Member- of Each Family,

iVb FB Pot Medieiiu AOwOimmtt Att-

ill'

it

- Aiura.il Message of Presi-

The QtiestiMis of Fisaace, . . jf ReYenue and Ta?atipn ,

is H v,

Postal Telfraphy Mildly Approved

and Polygamy Sharply

toDaemnea.

: ' " ; i. jf A OompnfaensiTS Beview of Our , - Foreign and DomtfStift

To the Cmigrttt nf the United Stales: At the threshold of year of deliberation I ccxurratulato yon upon tho favorable aspect of the domestic and loreiga affairs of thbi Govern-

Axaeric

Our . reaiion with other nations continue to Von friendly footing. With the Argentine - Itepablic, Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Denmark, Hayti, Italy, Sin to Domingo and Sweden ana Norway no incident has occurred which calls for special comment. The recent opening of new lines of telegraphic communication with -Central America and Brazil permitted the interchange of messages of friendship with the Governments of these countries. Purina the year there have" been perfected and proclaimed cctwulir and commercial treaties with Servta and a consular treaty with Roumania, thus extending onr intereaursa with the DanaUan countries while cur Eastern relations have been placed upon a wider base by treaties with Cores and Madagascar. The new bonBdmry survey trestles with Mexico, a trademark convention and a snpplenienrary treaty of extradition with Spain, aad a convention extending; the duration of the Franco -Amerlcaa Claims Oommisskm. ham also been proclaimed. The FMnarira Isdsstry. Notice of the confirmation of the fisheries articles of the Treaty of Washington was duly gtvSn tn the British Government. The; privileges, and exemptions or tire Brtiiah Government and the Tcctproical priviiegg and exemption-'? of tho twaty will accordingly close on July l, 1885.'- The fisheries industry, pnrsoed by a

tn class ot our cttlzeus on mi nortnern both o: the ths Atlantic an i Paciflo

cneant are wort&y of the fatterimr cm of Coitcreas. Whenevsr bronitt into competTon with like indnsiric3 cf ctaer conncriea, our fishermen, as well ' as oar maaafacinrers of nshins ami'ta-Mea and preparers of ash prodnets, hare maintained a f o emo t place. I seearnt that Consrcait create a (onunission to eonabler the qrca'.l n cf ocr ibchia in the mwkvfes an I the means ot opening- to cur citixen. under jost and endariny condlt ons, t fcc rkhly-stocked fibiag

ana seating groonas er urmsa rtcru

nuaper ImmljrrKtConw

The aueHtion kz rr'.s n tnttchice derjortation

. to the United St rtca from th; ltr.tish ielanda by avfmnmelital or mnuictptil aid, 01 persons nnafele there to s-ain a lrrinr, and emially a harden -en the ooauricnitv h-re. 8ach of thesen rssns

as will under the pauper class, as denned by the iaw, have been sent back, in accordance with the

provwionw or ocr stacetes. Mer Majesty uorernmrnt has Insisted that nrcantions hare been

taken, before shipment. This hae, however, te

so many cases proven menectnal, ana especially so in certain recent instances of needy immimnata it our territory through Cxnada, .that a ievisi;n of our kKislation upon thirsub"Ject may bi dnnted adrfaabte, - Coronatf on of the Czar, mMceeow; airordod to this Government ai occasion tor test! yfog its ontinn d friendship by sending a special euvcy and a repressnta'ire of the awry 'jrwnil the cercnony. While there have arii'erv inr;n.r th yjar no grave anestion . affectta Cue Knta in the Itofs an emplr: ot American citizens, or other iaiih than that held by the national chnrcb, this Ouvernraent remains nrm in its convictions tlmt tha rights of tta ehmans abroad should bs in no way affected by tteirrcltriona oettef. ' ' Claiyton-Biirsrer Trettrjr.

fHloyorKteTiyy relative to iClayton-Bnlwer

Baaneen conixnuca, ana wui oc tarn oe-

Aanoriiaui Boa; an

of France airaittst theimrjorta-

Kenared swine nroduced from the

. TJntted Butef has jeen mpealsd. That result 4 lnwbeeudnenb tes to the friendly reoreentatiawa ef Mns Government than to rowiiuj,conyietfcatmVmnMthatihe nstrictioo is not demanded bvanv real dauser to health.

riaDnaunniwunRKmcaoootBU net teem America. I extended to the

Goretnment a frtendlv Invitation to

send experts to the United States, to inquire whether the uee-of ' hso Tirodncto- was danser-

aasto health. This invitation was declined. I ham Wbonevad it. of sneh importance, however, that the exact facte should, be ascertained and pmmulcated, , that Ihaye appointed ' oompeient commission to make a thorough investigation of the subject ate members have shown their pnbUe spirit by accepting-then-trust without pledire of compsnation. bat I. treat; that Cbnareas will see in the Eational and Interna tlontl brarlliys ot -the matter a snjBcUnt motive of providlnfr at-least "for reiinburscmeht of nea exteuses aa they may necessarily incur.

xnc

It Is understood that measures for therernoval of the resarictions which i. burden onr trade with Cabs ana Porto Woo are under consideration by tbe Spanish Government. The proximity of Cuba, and the pemitar method of admin, ml ra lion which there prevaT, , neeessit:e constant dtsenwlon and apal on onr part from the proeeedinira of the insnhur anthorities. I regret to say that the Just larottstn of this Government have not, as yet, ptedaoed satisfactory results. The Commisstbner appointed to decide certain claims of our etttans against the Spanish Government, of a UMactory role as to the validity and force of natnrallxation in. the United Statw, has Snalir adioamed. Some of its award, though

mad more than two years age, have not yet been paid. The specie payment is expected. Claims to a large amount, which were held by tneUle'MWmiaston tobe without their jnrisdfetlon, have been diplomatically presented to tho peuiah Government, as the action of, the Cotoaial aaftboritfee, which has given rise to those f, was admitted as illegal, and fall reparation for the injuries sustained by our citizens should be no Itnger delayed. Arhtrrattoav . The Vanilla court hes found that the proBtedlitawof which tins Government has complained were unauthorized, and it is hoped that the Government.of Spain will not withhold tbe speedy reparation which its semu of Justice should impel it to offer for the sntuHial severity and unjnst action of its sabordtnate oolontai Ofnocrsih the case of this vesseL

Thecaee of the Mseonlr has not yet reaoheda

The Helvetian Confe!eratioh hasrsmrjaredthe

tnaxuroratlen of a eiass of international treaties for the deferment to arbitration of arave questions between nations. This Government has assented to the proposed neantiatioa of snob, a treaty with Switzerland. nights of Americans Hiiiiq.1 ' 'Under the treaty of Berlin, liberty of conscience and oivil rights ai-e aesured to all aarauayra in Bulgaria. As tne United States ' have no distinct conventio'. ia reimtions w ith that country, .and are not a party ' toe treaty, they should, in my opinicn, ma'ntaia a diplomatio . Tauneuut athm at 8oAa for the improvement of intercourse and the proper protection of the many American citizens who resort to that conn try as missionaries and teachers. I BUsswattfeat I be given autliority to establish an agency a;il Consulate Gocenu at the JSutgai layr capital. CoiiiaaMW With Tarfcey.

The Vntted Ststes are now par-'

I m a revision or aw larms ot tae

Emnira. Thar have assented to the

appmanon or afiiceaw tax ot ioreign-rs uotn lmsineaavia Tmker, but save opposed the oppressive -storage tax anon pefrotsiim entering '" -v the ports of tiiat country. - -'" Kaypr. . The Ooverament of the Khedive has proposed - aatthe aattkirity cf the mixed 'udiclal trinaunafttaijryvtbj extended soasto-cqvertiti-jT scxU-DftzwOnlted States aoensed of crime, who f two n We beloro Consular court This

. umaamut m not indisposed to accept the Cuthe.but b iHevea that Ms terms should be tobmitted for riticism u,. a coin mission ap.

SBBfXi to ur vuun SUPject,

our

At no time la-enr natioMi Mstery has there been more manifest need of close and lasting relations with a neighboring state than now exists with respect to Mexico. The rsotd influx of our capital and enterprise into that coon'ry snowBoy what has already' been aecomnUaued too last reciprocal advantages which must attend the pt ogress of Its internal- aevehmm'ent, Tht treaty of commerce and navigation of int has Ween termtoatew by tae Mexican GovernasamV aestwy. the- sbsoaoe pf oenventional enBBBBanaa, j Thedtrhte olooi ottizens in Mexico now depend opos the domestic statutes of the

. -fnepesmve sera instances ox aarsn enatof the laws against our vessals and

lit Mexiin. and of denial of diolomatm

aaart fof their protection. The initial step.

towara a netrer nnnerstanojog nas oeen taxen

jpSBBgonacMins by the onmawaoB aatnorFryCBTe s of a tjrea-y:which Is still before

r previato&s for the reciprocal erossiBa-of

W troops in rrarsutt of hostile Indians have been prolonged for another year. The operations otthe foroes of both Governments against the ssrsges nave been succesafult and several of 'thmr most dattgarbns bends have been captured or dispened by the skill and valor of United States and Mexican soldiers fighting in a common cause, The convention for the rcsurvey of the boundary- from the Bio Grande to the Pacific, having been ratined and exchanged; the preliminary reconnoissonce therein stipulated has. been effected. It now rests with Congress

is make provision forcotnnletingthe survey and

the boundary monuments.

The Old Case of IlenJ. Weil.

. A convention, was signed with Mexico on 5m tft VffMns for the rehearing of the eases of Ben. Weil and the Abra Silver Mining Company, in whose favor awards were made by tho-iate American nnd Mexican Claims Commission. That convention stilt awaits tbe consent of the Senate. Meanwhile, .because of the charges of fraadulent awards, which have made a new commission necessary, the Executive has directed the anapension of payments of tho distributive quota received from Mexico. Central America. - Can gtslliaiifahul proximity to Central America and our political and commercial relations with the States of that country justify, in my judgment, such a material increase of our Consular corps as will place at each capitals Consal General. South America. Tbe contest between Bolivia and ClMl and Pern has passed from tbe stago ot -strategetio hoatilities-to thaW( negotiation, in which the Consuls ot this Government has been exercised. The demands of Chili for absolute cession of territory have been maintained and accented by the party of General Igleslas, to the extent of concluding a treaty, of peace with Chfn 'ln general conformity with the terms of the jrotoool signed in my last between the Chilian commander and Gen. Igleeias. As a result of the conclusion of this treaty. Gen. Igbsfas has been formally recognised by - Chill as President of l'eru, and Ms government installed at Lima, which has been evacuated by the Chilians. A call has been issued by Gen. Iglesias for a representative assembly to be elected on the 13th of January, and to meet at Lima on the 1st of March next. Meanwhile, ths provisional government of Gen. Igles!as has anplied for recognition to tbe principal powers of America and Enrope. When the will of the Peruvian people shall be manifested, I shall not hesitate to recognize the government approved by them. DipJomatfe and naval representatives of this Government attended at Caraccas tho centennial celebration of the birth of the illustrious Bolivar. At the same timo the inauguration of the statue of Washington in the Venezuelan capital testified to the veneration in which hih memory is hold thereCongress, at its last session, authorized tho

executive to propose to tne Venezuelan uovernment a reopening of the awards of the mixed commission of Caraccas. The departure from this country of the Venesaemn Minister has delayed the opening of negotiations for revising the commission. This

Government holds that until the re-establish

ment of a treaty on this subject the Venezuelan Government must continue to make tbe payments orovided for in the convention of 1886.

There is ground for believing that the dispute

growing oat or tne anpata obligations one irom Venezuela to Franca will be satisfactorily adjusted. The French cabinet has proposed a basis of settlement which meets my approval; -but as it involves a recasting of the annual

Quotas ot the foreign debt, it has been deemed advisable to snbmit the proposal to the judgment of the cabinets of Berlin, Copenhagen, the

nague. lxmoon ana Jitana. Sandwich Islands.

At the recent coronation of His Majesty King Salakaua this Government was represented, bo u diplomatically and by the formal visit of a

vessel oc war. The Question of tsrminating or modlfving the

existing reciprocity treaty with Hawaii is now before Congress. I act convinced that the charges of abuse and frauds under that treaty

nave oeen exaggerated, ana i renew sno suggestion of last year's message that the treaty be

moainea Wherever its provisions nave proved onerous to legitimate trade between the two

countries. I am not disposed to favor the entire cessation of treaty relations which have fostered good will between the two countries and contributed toward the equality ot Hawaii in the

lamuy ox nations. Eastern Nations.

In pnrsnance of the policy declared by this Government of extending onr intercourse with the Eastern nations, legations hare.

anrmg tne past year, oeen estaonsnra in 1'er-8hv.-Shrm. and Cores. It is nrobable thatfTier-

mancnt mb-sloss of those countries1 will, ere long, be maintained in tbe United States. A special embassy from Slum is now on its way hither. Treaty relation with Cores were cerfecto I by the exchange at Seoul, on the 19th of May last, of the ratittcations of the lately-con-claded convention, and envoys front the King

oc leicooean nave visizou tnxs country ana received a cordial welcome Cores, as vet unacoualnted with the

methods of Western civilization, now invites tho sttentkm of tbosc Interested in foreign trade, at it needs the implements and products which the United States are ready to supply. We ssek

no incncpjly of its commerce and no advantages over other nations ; but, as tho Chinese, in reaching for a hhrher civilization, have confided in this republic, we cannot regard with indiffer

ence any tncroaenment on tneir nguts. Chinese Indemnity. ' China, bv the narment of a money indemnity.

has settled certain of the long-uending claims of

onr citizens, and I have strong hopes that the

remsmaerwui soon oc aamsrea. Questfcuis have arisen touching the rights of American and other foreign manu'acturors in China under the provisions of treaties which permit aliens to exercise their industries in that country. On tins specific point our own treaty is silent: but, under the operation of the most favored nations clause, we have like privileges with those ot other powers. While it is the duty of the Government to see that our oltizcns have the full enjoyment ot every benefit secured by treaty, I doubt tho expediency of leading in a movement to constrain China to admit an interpretation whioli wo

nsveomy our indirect treaty right to exact. The transference to China of American capital for employment there of Chinese labor, would in effect inaugurate a competition for the control of markets now supplied by our home in-

qnamfs, Chinese- Immigration.

There is good reason to believe that the law restricting the immigration of Chinese has been violated, intentionally or otherw ise, by the otnciils of China upon whom is devolved the duty of csrtifying that the immigrants belong to the excepted classes. Measures have been taken to

ascertain tbe tacts incident to this supposed infraction, and it is believed that the Government

of China will eo-operate with the United States in

securing tne sutnrol observance of the law. The same considerations which prompted Congress at its last session to return to Japan the

Simoneskl indemnltv, seem to me to require at its hands like action in respect to the Canton

indemnity iuno, now amounting to awiyiro. Japan.

The question of the general revision of the foreign treaties of Janan has been considered in

tan lnternaaonat conference neia at tokio, but

without denntte result as yet. This Govern

ment is disposed to concede the requests ot

Japan to determine its own tariff duties

and provide such proper judicial tribunals as may commend themselves to the Western powers for the trial of causes to which foreigners

are parties, ana to assimilate tne terms and duration of its treaties to those of other civilized states, through our Ministers at London and at Monrovia. Ubcrla. This Government has endeavored to aid Liberia In Its differences with Great Britain torch

ing the northwestern boundaries of that republic There la a nrosnect of adlnstment of the

dispute bv the adoption of the Mannah river

as tne one. Jt nis arrangement ps a compromise of the conflicting territorial chums, and takes from Liberia no territory oyer which it has maintained effective jurisdiction.

Interior Africa.

The rich populous valley ot the Congo Is being

openeu w cumnueroe i'y a society caiiea tne International African Association, of which the King of the Belgians is President, and a citizen of the United States the chief executive officer. Large tracts of territory have been ceded to the association by native chiefs. Beads have been opened and steamboats placed on the river, and the nuclei of states established at twenty-two stations nndcr one flag, which offers freedom to commerce and prohibits the "lave trade. The objects of the society are philanthropic It does not aim at permanent political control, but seeks the neutrality of the valleys. The United States cannot bn indifferent to this work, nor to the interests of their citizens involved in It It may become advisable for us to eo-operate with other commercial powers in promoting the rights of trade and residence in the Congo valley, free from the interference or political control of any one nation. Social and Sdenttno. In view of the frequency of invitations from foreign governments to participate in social and scientific congresses for the disoussion of Important matters of general concern, I repeat tho suggestions ot my last message, that provision be made for tbe oxercise ot discretionary power by the Executive in appointing delegates to sneh conventions. Specialists are ready to lervo tha National interests in such capacity without persona profit or other compensation than the defrayment of expenses actually incurred, and this a comparativelysmaU annual appropriation would suffieu to meet. Hestrictions of Commerce. I hay alluded in my previous message to tbe injurious and vexatious restrictions suffered by our trade tn the Spanish West Indies. Brazil, whose National outlet for its great . National staple, coffee, . is through the . United States, imposes a heavy export duty upon thi ' product, Our petroleum exports are bampen. ! In Turkey and in other Eastern ports by restrictions as to storage and by onerous taxation. For these, raisohefs adequate relief is not always provided by reciprocity treaties like that with Hawaii, or that lately ncgotiathd with Mexico and now awaiting the action of the Senate. Is it not advisable to provide some measure ot equitable retaliation in oar relation with Governments which discriminate against

onr own? If, for example, the Executive wore empowered to apply to SpaniBh vossols and cargoes from Cnba and Porto ltteo the same rules ot treatment and scale of penalties for technical faults which aro applied to onr vessels and cargoes in tho Antilles, a resort to that course might not be barren of good results. Finance and Revenue. Tho report of the Secretary ot the Treasury gives a full and interesting exhibit of the flntvacial condition of the conntry. It shows that the ordinary revenues from all sources, for the fiscal year ended Juno 3o, 1883,, amounted to S3iM,S87,iMi.93l whereof there was received from the customs, $2U,7KS,49.83; Internal revenue, $Ui,720'368.98; from iiales of public lands, S7,955,8Ct.: from tax on circulation and deposits of National banks, 19,111,008.85; from profits on the cotnago of bullion, deposits and assays, $i,46u,2U3.n; from other sources. l7,l!i,n37.oa Total, 1398,2n7,isai.93. For the same period the ordinary expenditures were, for civil expenses, ,3.28ii.7(S; for foreign intercourse, $2,il,275.2i; for Indians, $7,365,5i.84; for pensions, t6fl,0l2,873.6i ; for the military establishments and arsenals, $18,911,387.93; for the naval establishment, Including vessels and improvements at navy yard, $16,2:13,432.17; far miscellaneous expenditures, including publio buildings, lighthouses and collecting the revenues, $40,098,432.73; for expenditures on account of District of Columbia, $3,817,028.48; for interest on tho public debt, $.ra,io,tsi.25; total, $465,408,137,54. Leaving a snrplm revenue oi $132,879,444.41, which", with an amount drawn from the cash Inlance in tho treasury of $1,299,31155 $134,178,756.96 was applied to the redemption of tho sinking fund, aud $44,860,700 of fractional onrrcnoy. For the sinking f nnd, $46,556.93 of th funded loan of 1881 were continued at 3?4 per cent. ; $65,380,250 of the loan of July and August, 1861, were continued at 3!a per cent,: nnd $20,584,609 of the funded loan ot 1907, $l,418,85ii of the lnndedloan of 1881, $719,150 of the loan ot February 1861, $18,00oof theloanof Jnly and August 1891, $266,600 of loan ot March, 103, $116,950; of loan of Jnly, 1882, $47,650; of 5-20S Of 1862, $10,300; of 5-20S Of 1841, $7,050; Of 5-208 Of 1865, $9,600J Of 10-408 Of 1855, $133,550; Ot consols Ot 1865, $40,806; Of consols of 1867, $235,700; of consols of 1868. $154,650; of Oregon war debt, $5,450; of refunding certificates $109,100; of old demand compound interest and other notes, $18,300. Total, $134,178,756.90. Internal Taxation. There arc cogent reasons, however, why lie national lndebteducss should not be thus rapidly extinguished. Chief among them is the tact that only by excessive taxation is such rapidity attainable. In a communication to the Congress, at its last session, I recommended that all excessive taxc be abolished, except those relating to distilled spirits, and that substantial reductions be also made in the revenues from customs, A statute has since lieen enacted by which the annual tax and tariff receipts of the Government have been cut down to tho extent ot at least $30,000,000 or $60,000,000. While I have no doubt tkat still further reductions may

be wisely made, I do not advise the adoption at this session of any measure for a largo diminution of the national revenues. The resnlts of the legislation ot the last session of Congress hare not as yet become sufficiently apparent to justify any radical revision or sweeping modifications of the existing law. In the Interval which must elapse before tho effects of the ect ot March 3. 1883, can bo definitely as .crtained.a portion at least of the surplus revtnnes may be wisely applied to tho long neglected duty of rehabilitating onr nation and providing defenses tor the protection of our harbors. This is a matter to which I shall again advert. Consolidation of Revenue Districts. The Secretary ot the Treasury advises a consolidation of certain of the customs districts ot the country, and suggests that the President be vested with such power in relation thereto as is now given him by Section 3,111 of the Revised Statutes. The statistics on this subject which are contained in his report furnish ot themselves a strong argument in defense of his views. At the adjournment of Congress the number of internal revenue collection districts whs 126. By executive orders, dated June 25. 1833, I directed that certain of the districts bo consolidated. The result has been a reduction of onethird their number, which at present is but eighty-three. Indian Affairs. From the report of the Secretary of War it will bo seen that in only a single instance has there been any tllsturhanoj of the qniet condition of onr Indian tribes- raid from Mexico into Arizona by a small party of Indians, which was pursued by Gen. Crook into tho mountain regions from which it bad come. It is confidently hoped that serious outbreak will not again occur, and that tho Indian tribes, which have for so many years dissnrbed the West, will hereafter remain in peaceable submission. Coast Defenses. I again call your attention to the present condition ot onr extended sen coast, upon which are so many large cities whoso wealth and importance to the country would In time of war invite attack from modern armored ships, ngalnst which our existing defensive works could give no adequate protection. Those works were built l.oforc the Introduction of modem heavy Titled guns into maritime warfare, and If they are not put In an efficient condition we may easily be subjected to humiliation by a hostile power greatly inferior to ourselves. Torpedo Defenses. As germane to this sublect. I call vonr atten

tion to the importance ot perfecting our submarine torpedo defenses. The board authorized by the list Congress to report on the method, which should be adapted for the manufacture ot heavy ordnance adopted to modern warfare has visit id the principal iron and steel works in ttiis country and in Europe, It is hoped that its report will be so made and that Congress will therefore be disposed to provide suitable facilities and places for themanufactnreof such guns

as are now imperatively neouoo The Army.

. On several occasions during the past year officers of tho army have, at tho request of tho

State authont-tss, visited their military encampments for the inspection of the troops. From the reports of these officers. T m Induced

to believe that the encouragement ot tho Stats militiaorKanization by the national Government wouid be followed by very gratifying results and would afford, in sudden emergencies, tho

ma or a large uoay ox volunteers eauoatea in

the performance oi military duties. Naval Affairs.

The Secretary of the Navy reports that.

under the authority of the acts of Aug. 5, 1882, and March 3, 1883,

tne wors: ot strengcnening our navy uy tne construction of modern vessels lias been ausni-

clously begun. Three cruisers are in progress of construction-the Chicago, of 4,500 tons dis

placement, ana tne lioston ana Atlanta, each ot 2.500 tons. They are to be bniltof steel, with

the tensile strength ana ductility prewriuca by law, and, in combination of speed, endurance and armament, are expectet. to compare favorably with the best onarmoredwar vessels of other nations. A fourth vessel, tho Dolphin, is to lie constructed ot similar material, and is intended to serve as a licet dispatch boat. Tiie double tnrreted monitors, Puritan, Amjilcrito and Terror, have been laur ched on the Delaware river, and a contract has b sen made for the sunSly of their machinery. A similar monitor, the onadnook, 1ms been lannohed in California. The Naval Advisory Board and the Secretary recomuicnd the oonipliti'on of tho monitors, the construction of four gunboats, and also of three additional steel vessels, like the Chicago, Boston and Dolnhln. as an important measure

of material defense.

National Currency. Immediately associated with tho financia

subject just disensssd is tho important question, What legislation is needed regarding the national currency? Tho aggregate of bonds now on deposit in the treasury to support the nat ional hank clrcnlat on is about $350,000,000. Nearly $200,000,000 of this amounts consists of 3 per conts.,whlch, as before stated, are payable at tho pleasure of the Government, and are likely to be called in within less than four years, unless, meantime, the surplus revenues shall bo diminished. Tha probable eiloct ot sueh an extensive retirement of the securities, which aro tho basis of the National bank circulation, would be such a contraction of tho volume of the currency as to modnce grave commercial

embarrassments. How can the danger bcob-

viaveur xne most enctuuai pian,ana one Whoso adoption at tho earliest practical opTtnrhnnit.v T shall ltenritlv umnwA Ima

already been indicated. If tho levennos of tbe next four years shall lie

kept substantially commensurate with the c-x-

lenses, the volume of circulation will not be ikely to suffer any material disturbance. Bnt

u, on tneotner nana, mere snail be great dolay in reducing taxation, it will becomo ncoessarv

either to substitute so mo other form ot currency in place of the Nat onal bank notes or to make important changes in the laws by which their circulation is controlled. In my judgment the latter course is far preferable. I commend to your attention tho very interesting and thoughtful suggestions' on

this subject . which appear in the

Secretary s report Tho objootisns which ho urges against tho acceptance of anv other se

curities than tho obligations of tho Government itself as a foundation for national bank circulation seem to me insuperable. For averting tho threatened contraction two courses have been suggested, either of which is probably feasible. One Is tho issuance of now bonds having many years to run, bearing a low rate ot interest, and exchangeable upon the 6ci iilel tonus of thoso now outstanding. The other course, which commends itself to my own judgment "as the better, is tho enactment of a law repealing the tax on circulation, and permitting the banks loissuo notes for an amount conal to 90 ocr cent, of tho market

value, instead of, as now, the face value of tho

uepositoa Donas, l agree witn tno aocreiary in tha belief that tho adoption ot this plan will

afford the necessary relief.

The Trade Dollar. Tho trade dollar was coined for the mimosa of

trafno in countries where silver nassed at its

value, ascertained by its weight and fineness. It

never naa a icgai tenuor quality. Xiorge numbers of those coins entered, however, into tho

volume of our currency by common consent. Their circulation in domostio trade has now oeosed, and they have in the United States become a disturbing element. They should not be longer permitted to embarrass our currency system. I recommend that provision for their reception by tho treasury and mints as bullion at a small percentage above the. ourrent market

price ot sliver of like fineness bo made. j

Tho Secretary urges, also, the Immediate creation of an internal fast lino of waterways; across tho peninsula ot Florida, along the coast fiom Florida to Hampton roads, between the Chesapeake bay and Delaware river, and through Capo Cod. I fool bound to impress upon tho attention of Congro-'s tho nccossity of continued progress in the reconstruction of tho navy. Tho condition cf the pnblio treasury, as I have already intimated, makes tho present an auspicious time tor putting this branch of the service in a state i.f effieionnv. It is no Dart of our pulley to cre

ate and maintain a navy able to cope with that if tho other great powors of tho world. We have no wish for foreign conquest , and tho

peace which we nave long onjoycu niu no seeming danger of interruption. But that our naval strength should bo made adoauato for tho de

fense of our harbors, the protection of onr

commercial interests ana mo maintenance ot our national honor, is a proposition from which no patriotic citizen can withhold his assent. Receipts and Disbursements.

The revenue for the present fiscal year, actual

and estimated, is as follows:

BOUBCE.

Actual for

the quarter ending Sept. 30, '83

From customs.... !$

From internal rev-

cuuo From sales of publio lands.

From tax on circu

lation and deposit In national

banks

From repayment of interest and

sinking fund on

l'acinc rauro&a. . From customs, fees, fines, etc. . . From fees consu

lar, letters int

ent and lands..

rrom procceoB oi

saics ui o v urn-

men t property..

From profits on

coinage, etc..

From deposits for

surveying lands.

From revenues of

District of Columbia.

From miscellan

eous.

57,402,975.6

29,662,078.6 2,932,635.1 1,657.800.8 521,059.5 298,696.7

863,309.80

112,562 950,229 172.461. 250,017 1,537,189.

Total rccolpt8..l$ 95,966,917.031 $2 47,023,082.97

Estimated for

the remaining three

quarters of

year.

$ 137,597,021.33 90,337,721.10 5,067,361.83

1,642,199.12 l,178,9i9.

901,3113.22 2,130,790.20

K7.437.7I

3,149,780.51

S27.538.62 1,613,982.01

2,382,810.37

The actual and estimated expenses for the

somo penou are:

Fiscal and miscella

neous, including

Iiubiio buildings, ighthonscs and collecting the rev

enue For Indians... For pensions .

For military establishment, includ

ing fortifications.

river and harbor improvements and arsenals For naval establishment, including vessels and machinery and im

provement oi navy yards For expenditures ac

count of District of

Columbia. For interest on pub-!

uoacot Total ordinary expenditures

Total receipts, actual and estimated Total expenditures, actual and esti

mated.

15,385.799.42$

2,623,3!m.l4 16,285,261.98

Total

Estimated amount

due sinking fund..

Leaving a balance of j

For quarter

ended Sent.

30, 1883, act

ual.

For remain

ing three-

fourths of

year, estimated.

13,512,201.331

4,199,299.69

1,138,836.11

14,797,297.961

'$ 85,000,000.00,

45,816,741.07

89.183.288.98l

51,111,CO0.58

4 12G.fiOV.4G

93,714,738.02

26,187,795.67

12,300,700.31

2,611,163.59

39,702,70101

$ 67,942,O90.33$l0,057,9O9.67

313,000,000.00 258,000,000.00

It the revenue for the fiscal year which will end on June ao, iS5, bo estimated npon tho basis of existing laws the Secretary is of the opinion that for that year the receipts will exceed by $60,000,000 the ordinary expenditures, including the amount devoted to the sinking fund. Hitherto the surplus, as rapidly as it has accumulated, has been devoted to tbe reduction of tbe national debt. As a result, the on'y bonds now outstanding which are redeemable at tho pleasure of the Government are the 3 per cents, amounting to about $105,000,000. The 4 per cents., amounting to $250,000,0011, and the $737,000,000 ot 4 per cents, aro not payable until 1891 and 1907, rcsiHsotively. It tho surplus shall hereafter be as large as the Treasury estimates now indicate, the 3 per cent, bands may all be redeemed at least four years before any of the 4 ! per cents, can be called in. The latter, st tho same rate of accumulation of surplus, can bo paid at maturity, and the moneys requisite for tbe redemption of the 4 per ccn:s. will

oc in tne treasury many years oeioxe tnoss obligations become payable. Postal Matters. The report of tho Postmaster General contains a gratifying exhibit of tbe condition and prospects of tho interesting brunch of tho public service committed to his care. It appears that on June 3ft, 1S83, tho whole number of lxwtofflccs was 47,863, of which 1,932 wero established during tho previous fiscal year. Tho number of ofliccs operating under the system of free delivery, was lot At these latter offices tha postage on local matter amounted to $1,195,230.32, a Mini exceeding bv $1,021,894.01 the entire cost of tho carrier service of the country. The rate of postage on- drop leters passing through these offices is now fixed" by law at two cents per half-ounce or fraction thereof.' In offices where tho carrier system has not been established the rate is one-half as largo. It will be remembered that in 1803. when freo-dellverv

was fi.-st established by law, the uniform single

rate postage upon local lotters was one cent, and so it remained until 1872, when in those cities where carrier service was established it was

increased, to defray the expense of such service.

it seems to me tnat tne 01a rate may now with

propriety be restored, and that. too. even

at the risk of diminishing, for a time at least, the receipts from postage upon local letters. I

can see no reason wny mat particular class of

man matter snonia ue neia accountable tor the entire cost of not onlv its own collection and

delivery, but the collection and delivery of all other olosscs. and I am confident, after full con

sideration of the subject, that the reduction of

tne rate would be followed by such a growing accession of business as to occasion butslicht nnd

temporary loss to the revenues of the post-

oiuce. I'oslal Telegraphy.

Tho Postmaster General devotes much of his report tn the consideration, in its various aspects, of the relations of the Government to tho telegraph. Such reflection as I have been able to give to this subject since my last annual message has not led mc to chango the view which I there expressed, in dissenting from the recommendation of tho Postmaster General, that the Government assume the same control over the telegraph which it has always exercised over the m .il. Admitting that its author

ity m tne premiscB is as amnle

has ever been claimed for it, it would not. in my judgment, be a wise use ot that authority to purchase or assume the control of existing telegraph lines, or to construct others with a view of entering into general competition, with privoto enterprise. The objections whioh insy bo Justly urged against either of these projects, and, indeed, against any system which would roquiro an enormous Increase in tho civil service list, do not, however, apply to

euuiv ui wiv piaus wuiuu uvo lareiy provoKoa publio comment and discussion. It has been claimed, for example. that Congress

might wisely authorize tho Postmaster

ocneraj to contract with somo private person or corporation for the transmission of messages at specified rateB and under Government supervision. Various such sohemes of tho samo general nature, lint widely differing In their special characteristics, have been suggested in Hie public prints, and the arguments by which they have been supported and opposed havo doubtless attracted your attention. It is likoly that the whole subject will be considered by you at tho nresent session. In the nntnrn nf tldnirn. it.

involves so many questions ot detail that your deliberations would probably bo aided slightly, if at all, by any particular suggestions which I might now submit. I avow mv belief, however, that the Government should bo authorized by law to exercise somo sort of supervision over tntcr-State telegraph communication, and I express the hope that for attaining that end somo measure may bo dovisod which will receive your approbation

Jurors and Witnesses in Federal Courts. Tho Attorucv General criticizes, in bis mnnrt.

tbe provisions of the oxistimr law nxinu thn fans

of Jurors and witnessoin tho FcdoraT courts. The provisions arc ohieily ooutained in tho act of Feb. 28, 1853, though some of them wero in

troduced into that notion from statutes which had beeu passed many years previous. It is manifest that such compensation as might, when these laws were enacted, have been

just and reasonable, would in many instances be justly regarded at tne'proecnt day as inadequate. Iconourwlth tho Attorney General in

uie ncuct tnat tne statutes anouiu bo revised by which thoso fees aro regulated. So, too, should tho laws which rognlato the caiimnnat.inn nf

District Attorneys and Marshals. They should be paid wholly by salaries, instead of impart by fees, as is now tho case. The change wnnlil

prove to be a measure, of economy, and would

aiscourago the institution of needless and opEressivo legal proceedings, whioh, it 1 to be feared, have, in some instHiiofts. bnn

conducted for-tuo mere sake of personal gain.

Interior Department. Mnoh interesting and varied lnfortnitUnn fn

oonlainod in tho report ot the Secretary of tha

interior, x pariicuiariy oau your attention to

I his 1 reson tat Ion of certain phrases of the Indian ; question; to his recommendations for the re1 ,11'nt nf thn Tri-nmi,l n null Tlmlinr-Cullnrn

ao '. and for more stringent legislation to prevent fronds under the Pension laws. Tho statutes which prescribe the definitions and punishments of crimes relatiug to pensions could doubtless be made more effective by certain amendments and additions wlilch aro pointed nut lnfthe Secretary's report Primary Education. I hive previously referred to tho alarming state of illiteracy in certain portions ot tho country, and again snbmit for the consideration ot Congress, whether sjrae Federal aid should not be extended to publio primary education wherever adoquato provision therefor has not already been made. The Mormons. Tho Utah Oommission has submitted to the Secretary ot the Interior Its second annual report as a result of its labors in supervising the reoont election in that Territory, pursuant to tho aot of March 22, 1882. It appears that the persons by that act disqualified, to tho number of about 12,000, were excluded from tho polls. This fact, however, affords littlo cause for congratulation, and 1 fear that it is far from Indicating any real and substantial progress toward tho extirpation of polygamy. AH f the members of the Legislature are Mormons. There is grave reason to believe that thoy are in-sympathy with tho practices that this (iovornm-nt is seeking to sump-ess, and that its efforts in that regard will lie, more likely to encounter their opposition than receive their encouragement and support. Even if this view should happily bo erroneous, tho law under which the commission have been acting, should be raado more ofloetive by tha incorporation ot somo such stringent measures as they recommend, as wero included in bill No. 2238 on tho Calendar ot tho Senate, at its last session. I am convinced, however, that polygamy lias become so strongly Intrenched in the Territory of Utah, that it is profitless to attack it with any but the strongest weapons which constitutional legislation can fashion. I favor, therefore, the repeal 01' the aot npn which the existing Government deiiends, tht assumption by iho National legislation o! tbo entire political cmtrol of t he territory and the establishment of a commission, with such powers and duties as shall be delegated to it by law. Agricultural Development. The Department of Agriculture is accomplishing much in tho direction of the agricultural development of tho country, and the report of the Commissioner, giving the results of his investigations and experiments, will bo found interesting anl valuable. At his Instance, a convention of those Interested in tbe cattle industry of the country was lately held ot Chicago. The prevalence ot plouro-pnenmonla and other contagions diseases of animals was one of the chief topics of discussion, and a committee of the Convention will invito your co-operation in investigating the causes -of these diseases, and

providing methods far their prevention and

cure. Autslat, I trust, that Congress will not fail, at its pres.

cut session, to put Alaska under tho protcctiou of law. Its people have repeatedly rmionstrstod against our negleot to afford them the maintenance and protection expressly guaranteed by the terms of tbo treaty, whereby that Territory was ceded to the United States. For lfiyeais they have pleaded in vain for that whioh thoy should have receivo 1 without ths asking. They have no law for collection of debts, the support of education, tho conveyance of property, the administration ot estates, or the enf orcement of contracts, nor, indeed, for the punishment, of

criminals, except sucn as is anoraect against

certain customs, commerce ana navigation acts. The resources ot Alaska, especially in fur.

mines nnd lumber, arc considerable in extent and capable of laige development, while in its geographical situation it is one of political and commercial importance. The promptings ot interest, therefore, as well as considerations ot bouor and good faith, demand the immediate establishment of civil government tn that

country. Inter-Slate Commerce.

Complaints have lately been nuiucrjns aad argent that certain corporations controlling, in whole t-r in i;art. tho facilities for the inter-

State carriage of persons and merchandize

over tne great rauroaas 01 too country, have resorted, in their deallnps with

the publio, to divers measures un

just and onnrossive in their character. In some

instances tho State Governments have attacked

and suppressed these evils, but In others they have been unable to afford adequate relief, because ot the jurisdictional limitations which

are lniposea upon tnem oy tne reaerai constitution. The nuestion how far the National Gov

ernment mav lawfully interfere in the premises.

and what, if any, supervision or control it ought to exercise, as 0110 which merits your careful consideration. While wo cannot fall to recognize the importance ot tho vast railway system of the conntry, and their great and beneficial influence upon the

development of our material wealth, wc should, on the other hand, remember that no individual

and no comoration ought to be invested with

absolute liower over tho interest of any other citizen or class of citizens. The tight of these

railway corporations 10 awara any proataoio return upon their investments, and to reasonable freedom in their regulations, must be recognized. - But it seems only jast that, so far as its constitutional authority will iwrinit. Congress sbould protect the people at large, iu their interState traffic again -t acts of injustice, which the

Btate governments are paweriess to prevent. Thu Nation's Forests.

In my lost annual message I called attention

to tne necessity ot protecting uy suitauie legislation the forests situated npon the pnblic do

main, m many portions ot. the west tne pur suit of genernl agriculture :s onlv made nractlc-

nbieby resort to irrigation, while successful

irrigation wouia 00 nipossioio wituout tuo aia

aporaea by xorests 1 1 contnuuting to tne regularity and constancy of the simply of water.

During the past year severe suffering and great lose of property have be.-n occasioned by profuse floods, followed by periods of unusually low water in many of the great rivers

of the conntry. These Irregularities were

n groat measure caused uy the removal rrom ibout the sources of tho streams in question of

tne timber uy wniou tno water sunny uau ocon

nourished and protected. The preservation ot such portions of the forests on the national domain as essentially contribute to the equable iluw of important water courses is of the high

est consequence. Important tributaries of tho Missouri, the Columbia and the Saskatchewan

rue m tno mountains 01 juontaun, near tne northern boundary of the United States, between the Blackfcot and Flat Head Indian

reservations. This region Is unsuitable for set

tlement, but upon tne rivers wnton now irora it depends the future agricultural development of a vast tract of country. The attention ot Congress is called to the necessity ot withdrawing flora public sale this nart of tho publij domain, and establishing there a forest pre

serve. Industrial Exhibitions.

Tho industrial exhibitions which havo been

held in the United States during thepio-cnt

year attracted attention Jn many roreign countries, where the announcement of those enter

prises havo been made publio through tin

loreign agencies 01 this oovernment. The Industrial Exhibition at Boston and tbo Southern Exposition at Louisville wero largely

attended by the exhibitors of foreign countries.

uotwitnstanaiug tne absence 01 any proicssioiuu character in those undertokinca.

The Centennial Exposition to bo held next

year at cw Orleans, in commemoration ot tno centenary of the first shipment of cotton from a port of the United States, btds fair to meet with litio gratifying success. Under the act of Con

gress ot tbo 10th of February. 1883, declaring that exposition to be national and International in its character, foreign Governments with whioh tho

united mates maintain relations nave oeen invited to participate. The promoters ot tills important undertaking have already received as

surances ot the lively interest which it excited

abroad. District of Columbia. Tho report of the Commissioners of tho Dis

trict of Columbia is herewith transmitted. I ask for it your careful attention, especially for thoso portions which relate to assessments of

arrears 01 taxes ana water supply. ClvH Service.

The Commissioners who were appointed under the act of Jan. 16. 1883. entitled "An act to

regulate and improve the civil service of the

uuitea otates, enterea promptly upon tno cuschargo of their duties. A series of rules

framed in accordance with tho spirit

or tno etatnto was approvot ana promulgated by the Preeideut, but in some particulars, wherein they seemed defective. thee

rules woro subsequently amended, it will be perceived that they discountenance any iKililical or religious tests for admission to tho offices of

tno public service to whioh tho statute relates. Tho act is limited in its original application to the classified clerkshins in the scvcn-sl execu

tive departments at Washington, numbering

suuub o.uw, aau to Himiiar posii-iuns in customs distriots and post offices where as many s fifty persons are employed. A classltlcatlon of these positions, analogous to that existing in the Washington offices, was duly niado before tho law wont into effect. Klevon customs districts and twonty-three paid offices wero thus brought under the immediate operation of the statute. Tho annual roiiort of tho CivilServlco commission, which will toon !k submitted to Congress, will doubtless afford tho means of a more dcllnlto judgment than 1 urn now prepared to express as to tho merits of the new system. I am persuaded that its effects havo thus for proved beneficial. Its practical methods appear to bo adequate for tho ends proposed, and there have been no serious difficulties in carrying thera into effect. Since the 16th of July lost no person, so far as I am aware, has been apiwlnted to the pnblio service, in the classified portions thereof, any of the departments, or at any ot tho postofnees and customs distriots above named, except thoso certified by the Commission to be the most competent, on the basis ot the examination held in conformity to the rules. Presidential Succession. At tho tlmo the present Executive entered upon his onion bis death, removal, resignation or inability to dischargo his duties would havo loft the Government without a con

stitutional head. It is possible, of course, that a similar contingency may again arise, unless tho wisdom cf Congress shall provide against its recurrence. The Senate at its lust session, alter full consideration, passed an act relating to this subject, whioh will

now, a trust, oommena itseu to the approval of

both houses ot Congress. The clause of the constitution upon whioh must depend any law regulating the presidential succession, presents also for solution other questions of paramount imiiortance. These questions relate to tho pmper Interpretation of the phrase, "Inability to discharge tho powers aud duties of the office. K.r organic law, providing that when the President shall suffer from such inability the Presldental office shall devolve upon tho Vice President, who must himself, under like circumstances, give place to such iifilccr as Congress may by law appoint to act as President, I need not set forth the numerous and interesting inquiries which are suggested bv these words of the Constitution. They were fully stated in my l.rst communication to Congress, and have since been the subject of frequent deliberations in that body. It is greatly to bo hoped that these momentous questions will find speedy solution, lest an emergency may arise when longer delay will bo impo-slblo, and any determlnot.on, albeit tho wisest, may furnish cause for anxiety and alarm. Tho Veto Power. For the reasons fully stated in my last annual message, I repeat my recommendation that Congress propose an amendment to that provision of tho Constitution which prescribed the formalities for the enactment ot laws whereby, in respect to bills for the appropriation of public ni-mey, tho Executive may lie enabled, while giving his api roval to particular items, to interpose his veto as to 6uch others as do not commend themselves to his judgment. Civil Rights. The Fourteenth amendment to the Constitution confers the rights of citizenship upon all persons born or naturalized l.i tho United States 11 nd subject to the Jurisdiction thereof. It was tho special purpose ot this amendment to Insure to members ot tho colored raco the full mjoyinent ot civil and I'olltical rights. Certain statutory provisions intended to seouri the enforcement of thos - rights have been recently declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court, Any legislation whereby Conuress may lawfully supplement the guarantee which the Constitution affords for the equal enjoyment by all the citizens of the United Biases of everyright, privilege and immunity of citizenship, will receive my unhesitating approve!. Chestbh a. ABTHUB. Washington, D. 0., Dec. 3, 18X3.

The Office Boy. Is tbo office boy idle? No; he is not idle; hois frantically iudustrions ; lie is killing himself witp hard -.vor-k. Will it tako Mm long? Unfortunately, yes ; ho is very, very tough. What is he doing now ? Bather ask, what ia he not doing? Be has the faculty of doing so many useful things at tho same time, that it is impossible to guess what he may not be at. He is probably at this moment engaged in sweeping out, dusting, tidying up the several rooms, going on a score of errands, and quietly awaiting ojportunities to make himself useful. Does the office boy ever make any unnecessary noise? Oh, dear, no; he never whistles or plays the devil's hornpipe on his desk with his lily white fingers; he was never known to raise his voice in nnseemingly bellowings. No, my dear si, you have been misinformed. Is the otfioe boy over rude or discourteous? Not a bit of it. Ho is courtesy itself. His bnmps of veneration and reverence cover his entire head, He looks up to his employer as a superior being. He would sooner go without his meals for a week than onco omit "sir" after yes or no, or forget to return thanks for the smallest favor. Then you think the office boy is not to be improved? Assuredly not. It would be like attempting to paint the lily or gild refined gold. No, sir; the office boy ia not to be improved. Do you love the office boy? ConBumedly. Without him life were unlivable. The thought of having to part from him is the only shadow that darkens our way to the silent tomb. Do you know where he is now ? Ah, you ask ino something that nobody can answer. I only know that he is not in the office. He is so conscientious, you know. He absents himself, fearing that he may disturb somebody or be in somebody's way. But he is never in tho way. Oh, no. John! I say! hello! Where in thunder is that boy now, I wonder? Boston Transcript. What a Cyclone Is. All storms of magnitude that visit the United -States, except the tropical hurricanes which sometimes touch the Southeastern coasts, have a common origin in or near the Ilocky mountains. Here the first barometric depression is felt, preceded by a rising temperature caused by the warm winds moving northward over the sun-heated sands of Arizona, New Mexico and Western Texas. These warm, rarefied currents of air are met by cooler currents passing over the snow-clad peaks of the north; a cyelonic storm is formed, usually small at first, which begins its journey eastward, gradually developing in energy and area as it goes. After leaving the mountain ranges, there is bnt little precipitation for the first few hundred miles. As it advances it usually widens from north to south, but the lino of travel of the storm center can be readily predicted by the Signal Service observers, and its location at any time fixed by the lowest reported reading of the barometer. During the jonruey of tho storm eastward or southeastward, the wind in advance of it will be easterly, blowing off an area of high barometer into the low, and the barometer will continue to f alL Toward the north of the storm the wind

will be north, and to the south of it the wind will blow from the south, frequently causing what are known on the Western plains as "sand storms," while if the storm occurs during the winter season, the wind and snow in tho northern portion is called a "blizzard." In the rear of .the storm tho wind will be westerly, shifting to northwest, frequently blowing a gale, the barometer will rise and tho temperature will fall, sometimes rapidly, and clearing weather will follow. Thus it will be observed that tho trne

axis is tho "storm center, " and that tho

storm rovolves on this axis as it moves

forward in an easterly, northeasterly or

southeasterly direction. This is the

ti-uo cvolone. it may ue only a lew

hundred miles in diameter, or its in

fluence may be folt from British America to tho Gulf of Mexico. Exchange.

Socrates called beauty a short-lived

tyranny; Plato, a privilege of nature; Thoophrastus, a silent cheat; Theocritus, a delightful prejudice; Carneades, a solitary kingdom ; Domitian said thai notliing was so grateful; Aristotle

affirmed that beauty was better than all the letters of recommendation in

tho world; Homer, that it was a

glorious gift of nature, and Ovid calls it a favor bestowed by the gods, fVw

tne itaitan.

The first noted female printer was

Charlotte Orillard, who entered busi

ness in 150(3. The works issued from hor press acquired a great reputation for correctness. Women were em

ployed as compositors as early as 1481.

Adams county, Miss., has 1,303 mora

females than males.

THE LVTERIOR.

Manitoba is oVerjan. wjth, lawyers.

Annul Report of the Secretary of That Department. The report of Secretary of the Interior Teller for the fiscal year ending jane 30, 1883, is largely devoted to Indian affairs, and the remarks chiefly emphasise recommendations made in the report of the preceding year. In substance the report leas follows: It says that there has been a very considerable Improvement among the various Indian tribes, with but little dissatisfaction, and but ode outbreak, and that among the Apaches of Arizona. Tho amount appropriated in 1883 for Indians with whom there are no treaty engagements was $1,620,000. . There is a marked imrrovement in Indian schools, and it is suggest 1 that .half the children of school age be. put in manual-labor schools. Tho Government ought to spend 12.600,000 during the coming vear in order to educate 10,000 additional Indira youths. The Secretary urges, also, the creation of a contingent fund on which the department might havo a discretionary power, not to be used tor subsistence, but for aiding except ional cases for civilizing purposes, such as cmiloying farmers, mechanics and others to teach by practice the Indians to become farmers, mechanics, stock-raisers and general laborers. Iho salaries ot agents should lie increased. Eaoi tribe should have a patent for the land the Government has guaranteed to it, leaving tho Indians to determine the question of allotment for themselves. In regard to thokaamg of Ir.dian lands Congress should provWoTSonre system by wlilch the unoccupied lands can be leased by the tribe or the department for the benefit of such tribes, and the money expended for tiie tribe without covering it into the treasury. Of the great Sioux Reservation, which contains 48,924 square miles, it is said : "If the conditions of the treaties of KiCB and 1876, together with those in the present igreoment, are carried ont in good faith on the pint of the Government, the Indians will need no further aid from the Government, and can readily be made self-supporting within the next ten years." The Secretory recommends that Gen. Crook's prisoners ot war should be removed from the agency to some point where there will be less danger of then: escape, and where their evil influences will not be felt by the more peaceably disposed of the tribe. There are valuable coal and stiver mines in the Sun Carlos Bescrvation which the Government sbould buy. The Crow Indians could be rendered self-supporting for a few years if 3,000,000 acres of their reservation wore sold. It ia recommended that an appropriation be made to settle Chief Modes and his band ot Indians in Washington Territory, on the ColvlUe Reservation, so that tho Indians will abandon the Columbia Reservation, and thus throw opn to settlement 2,357,120 acres. Gen. Miles estimates that this result, whioh was agreed upon by treaty with Hoses In 1879, could be brought about bythe expenditure of $85,003. HelenHunt Jackson ("il. H. " of the Century Magazine) was employed by the Department of tho Interior to investigate the condition ot the "Mission" Indians of California. Shu and her associate found that thine Indians, who are pcmi-olvillzed and attached to tho Catholic church, number 2,(07. They are slowly but eurcly disappearing, and have been barbarously treated by tho Government, having been, repeatedly dispossessed ot their homes. Some provision should be made for them at once. The report of the Commissioner of the General Land Office shows that the disposal ot public lands under all acts of Congress aggregates 19,430,032.80 acres, of which amount 339,235.91 acres were Indian lands, and 1,999,335.71 acres railroad sections under various acts of Congress. It is again recommended that the Pre-emption law should be repealed. The Secretary farther recommends that the Homestead law be so amended as to require a period of not less than Bix months after a settlement claim has been placed on record before final proof shall be admitted. This will prevent fraud. The necessity still exists for legislation in reference to laps ad railroad land-grants. The attention of Congress is invited to the taxation ot railroad lands. The report of the Commissioner of Pensions shows that at the close of the last fiscal year there were 303,659 pensioners, classified as follows: Army invalids 198,648 Army widows, minor children, and dependent .'datives 74,374 Navy invalids 3,168 Navy widows, minor children, and dependent relatives 1,907 Survivors of the war ot 1811 4,831 Widows ot those who served in the war of 1812 1,S3 There were added daring the year 38,162 new pensioners, an excess over the number added the previous year of 10,640. The Government should provide for tiie payment ot pension money every month when it becomes dae, ' Tho number of applications for patents received was 32,845; number ot patents granted, 21,185; receipts from all sources, $1,095,884; expenditures, $704,348, The increase in receipts of 1883 over 1832 was $165,020. There is a large lnorease of work in the office Of tha Commissioner of Education. The system of voluntary statistical information Is the most complete in existence. The General Government should supplement the work begun in the several States by affording to the State such financial aid as may be needed. The total indebtedness ot tbe several subsidized Pacific railroads to the United States is $123,345,605. The total credit for transportation and money paid into the treasury is $21,469,291 The necessity for a Government tor Alaska is becoming very apparent. The total population of tho Territory of Alaska is not far from 30,000. Of this number about (,000 are Aleuts, who are not barbarians it they are not of the highest order of civilization. Before the cession byKnssia good schools were nuintaiued by them, bnt since the cession the schools have been discontinued, and the adult Aleut who received his education under the Russian Government and at its expense sees his children growing up without education. Suitable provision should be made for tho education of the children otthe Aleuts, which can lie done without great expense. It is reported that plural marriages have decreased in Utah since the passage of the act under which the Utah Commission is adting. The board shall not go out of existence until the Legislature shall have enacted such laws as shall prohibit all polyganusts from participating in the election ot publio officers, or from holding any such office. It is not provided who shall determine the question whether the Legislature provided for the filling of said offices in accordance with tho provisions of the said act or not Any laws which may be passed should bo submitted for the approval of Congress. In regard to the Yellowstone National Park It would seem to be necessary that more convenient and practicable means should lie pro

vided for the protection ot person aud property within the park. The Superintendent is clothed with no authority in snob matters.

THE SECRET SERVICE.

Abstract of the Report of Chief Brooks. James J. Brooks, Chief of the Secret-Service Division of tho Treasury Department, reports that during the fiscal year ended Juno 30, 1883, 376 arrests were made by agents of tbe service. Of tills uumlier ninety-one were eonvioted and sentenced. Tho total tinea assessed amount to $14,979. The counterfeit money captured and secured during the year was as follows: United States treasury notes, $25,486; National bank notes, $1,188: coin, $5,2W; nickels, $M; gold bangles limitation of the $1 gold coin, representative value), $93: flash notes, representative valne, $6,452,381; gold trimmings, representative valno, $56; genuine money, $6. The total expenditures for transportation, incidentals and services amounted to $66,415. In referring to thi coinage of counterfeit coins, Mr. Brooks says that during the past year only one reallv dangerous counterfeit coin appeared, that of the standard dollar, which was almost identi

cal with tho genulno in weight, ring and appearance, vet having only about 30 per cent, ot silver, lie also says : It Is a matter for congratuulatiou, both with the publio and tsis office, that for two years past thero has not been put In circulation a new counterfeit note." Mr. Brooks reports that in answer to his interrogatories recently submitted to the various national banks throughout the country, with a view of ascertaining approximately the amount of counterfeit money In cxlsten.-e, he has received 1,447 replies, showing that if the counterfeit monev reported as fonderjd within two years was divided by the 1,447 banks, it would bo but $5.25 to eaoh. He says that, with a territory of ,0o,oeo of square miles to cover, the present low condition of tho manufacture and circula'lon of counterfeit money is remarkable, and speaks well for the intelligent skill, industry, and falthfuinoss of tho operatives of tliis service. Legislation necessary to suppress counterfeiting of the obligations ot foreign governments, for which there is now no law, is strongly recommended, and the report also urges that the manufacture and vending of dies and molds for making counterfeit coin be made a crime, In Paris tho ratio of suicide for every million inhabitants averages yearly 402, while in Naples it is only 34. The ratio for oilier cities is given as follows: Stockholm, 354; Copenhagen, 802; Vienna, 2S7; Brussels, 271; Dresden, 210; St. Petersburg, 206; Florence, 180; Berlin, 170; New York, 144; Genoa, 135 ; London, 87. and Borne, 74. It is said that the majority of suicides in New York are Germans. X pity from my heart the unhappy nan wliA haa n. luul wife. Khn is

shackles on his feet, a palsy to his - . . - ' , i ,

lianas, a uuruon on nis suumuer, nnote to his eyes, vinegar to his teeth, a thorn to his side, a dagger to his hearkr Osborne. . ' Those of us who havo no heap of tho kind mentioned see the truth of the saying, "Riches are like muok whioh smells bad when it's in a heap, but, spread abroad, makes the earth fruitful.''

AMERICA!! CX)IWEaCE.

Annual Report from tile

The Chief otthe Bnreau BtafSattas innfc aMsual report ot the foreign opmmavcB of the United State tor tte flsoal yea aided June an, 1883, says: The total value of tha Import and exports ot merchandise during the year amounted toft J47,020,316, and was larger titaa during any pnvtom year tn the history of ths country. The excess of the value of the exports, of merchandise over that of the imports of Btercjiandlso was tlflO,,488, a against a similar exoeas during the preceding fiscal year ot $25,902,681. Tbe value oi the exports of domestic merchandise dxaing the last fiscal year was $801,113,631, a against tTx,239,732 during the preceding year an tuuiaawci of $70.983.s0O.

The value of the exports of cotton during the

last fiscal year amounted to aeain-t sioa.8U.s44 dnrinir tha a

year: the value of the exports of-

breadstnffs amounte l to tzO8,040,sG4t as $1.12,670,528 do ring tbe preccU rig fiscal 1

vaiue oi tne exports or provuaona aawowmnoi so $107,388,207, as against $120,665,701 daring tha preceding fiscal year, and the value of the exports of tobacco and manufactures thereof amounted to $25,096,229, aa against $2M30,SM dur.ng the preceding fiscal year. The value of the exports of mineral oOm daring the last fiscal year amounted tar$44lVr!V. as against $51,232,706 during tie pree91n anal yea-. The value of the exports of prod note off manufacture from UuUiMSta the last fiscal year naSmST t TliBy01,-as against $103,132,481 during the pxBMqluf year, and was larger than during any prevkms year

r. 'i ne vans or taw-

In the history of tho country.

exports ot prodnots of mining daring the last

nscal year was fm,4u,i, as against soexnsasi during the preceding fiscal year; the- value of exports of prodncta ot the forest was $0.974,14JL as against $9,13H,93l during the rjreceding fiscal year; and the value ot the exports of products of the fisheries was $6,t76,ns, aa against $aV 752 daring the preceding fiscal year. The total value of the imports of zaerchandise into the United States during tbe bwt fiscal year was $723,180,914, as against $724374 during the preceding fiscal year, showing afatttaC Off Of $1,468,660. The value of the imports of sugar and molasses was $99,316,36; the value of the Imports of wool and manufactures thereof waa $5534,283; the value of the imports of silk and maaw factores thereof was $5,807,6I6; the value of tbo importations ot chemicals, drugs, dyes, and medicines was $43,126,287; the value ot tho- tmports of coffee was ldfiSfSfi3i, the value of the imports of iron and steel and mannfaiituies thereof was $w,796,0O7; and tha vain of tbe Imports of cotton goods was $36,86389. These constituted, in tbe order mentioned, the leadhtc commodities and clioffc of comrnoditiea Imported. . . The total exports of gold and silver amounted during tiie last fiscal year to $3ltt,33, as against $49,417,479 during tho prooedinc natal year, and the total imports thereof arooouted to $28,489,391, as against $42,47200 daring the preceding fiscal year. The exeess of the export of gold and silver over the iinpdrta thereof amounted to $3,330,941, as against a aUollar excess of $6,945,089 during ths praadtng Bscs! year. The value of tiie foreign cotnmfroe of the . United States with Great Britain and Irajinrl amounted during the last fiscal year to fN4y 046,793, constituting nearly 40 pec. cent, of tho total value of our foreign ooramerce: with France, Jl5,671,387; with Germany, $1TM1T,6S7: with the West Indies, $1H,609,23, and with the British North American Provinces, $elaUM. The total number ot-immi grants arrived ha the United States during the last fiscal year was 603,322, as against 788.992 daring the pceeedta . fiscal year. During tho last fiscal year U8.SM immigrant! arrived from Gnat Britain aad Iro-v land, 194,786 from Germany, 168,27 from all Other countries in Europe. 79,141 from tha British North American Provinces, and 8,031 from China. The immigration from China IeH from 39,679 during the rear ended Jane SO, 1880, to 8,031 during the year ended June 30, 1883. The total duties collected npon. Imports

amounted, during the last fiscal year,- to (SiO,-

637,293, ceding

$5,501,6S8.

The sailing tonnage of the United States tho 30th of Jnne last amounted to SHJ3 tons, aa against 1810,108 tons the 30th ot Jnne, lass, and tne steam tonnage ot ticonnirysnBted to 1,413,194 tons, as against' lXM tons the 30th ot June, 1881. The tonnage of Ainerioaai vessels engaged in tin foreign trade of tba United States Increased from l,259,4i tons the 30th of Jane, ism, to 1,26,81 tons the sathot June, 1883; and the tonnage engaged In the coastwise trade, the whale iBheriiit, and tbs -l and .mackerel ftsharles- lBiWassir- aow 2,906,441 tons the 3tii of Jajmasss; to wWig tons the 30th of June, ftmas bafl in the United States tmtalbm

during tile year ended J one lsa, aa

28-2,263 tons mure anting toe year,

30, issx. In our commerce with fOTsiaii eooarWe there Ls still a very large preponderance of fonacB vessels employed. The tonnage of American vessels entered at seaports of the United State from foreign countries amounted to 2334.681 tons during the last fiscal year, as against 7,9es,o tons during the last fiscal year: and the tonnage of foreign vessels entered at seaports of the United States amounted to lOASMK ton, against 11,688,209 ton during the preceding fiscal yearTJI186S the tonnage of American vessel ntcred at our seaports from foreign counUies amounted to 3,194,275 ton, and constituted TIM per cent, of the total tonnage enterad, and tn 1868, three years after th ternunatkm of tta war, the tonnage of American -vessel enered mounted to 2,45. ton and oewtittited 4AM per cent of the total tonnage eatersd. bate the total tonnage entered at seaport of tha united States from foreign countries during the last fiscal year 79 per cent, eonststed f mnagn tonnage and only n per oetm of Amortnan tonnage. Daring the ten months ended Oct, 31, WSJ, the average rates per bnshel tor' the transportation of wheat from Chicago to New York wore: By lake. 9.16 cents; by lake and canal, Moeut; and by "all-rail," 16.1 cents; a against too following avenge rates during the csWwinar vast 1882 viz: By lake aud canal. 8.T cents; hy lake and rail, 10.9 cento; and by "aU-rao" 14.6 cent. The increase in the average rates is due to the fact that the gram movement during the year 1883 has been much, greater than during the you 1881. ' . JUSTICE.

lountea, atmng sue ism tne yew. w su1,293, as against $216438,616 daring thejpreling fiscal year, showing falling oat of

The Report sf Attorney General BlwwUv

The annnal report of the Attorney General opens with a statement of the business of tha Supreme court. At the etas of the Octobex term. 1881, there remained tmcUsposad of on the appellate docket 816 canaes and on the original docket 5. The number ot cause docketed .at the October term. 1881, war 484, of which 422 wero on the appellate and 11 on the origl 1 docket, making the total number of causes on the docket at tint term xTS, of wUofa Mf wereon the appellate and 17 on th oxtgbaal docket. Of this number 874 warn not disposed of, and of these 868 were on the arjpallate and on the original docket. The namberof cases actually brought under consideration was 284, of which 187 were argued orally and M submitted on printed argument. Of the MS cases on toe appellate docket .disposed of Mf were affirmed. 60 revised, M djsinlssad, Wettled and dismissed raider the ninth nUe,4dimissed in vacation under the twenty-eighth rule, and in 8 question eertifled to tba court wore answered. ' . The total number of cause disposed of at tba October term, 1889, in which tta United. States were Interested 174, . ... Since the last report 771 sntta, darting sp- -ward ot $9,000,000, have been broaght aaatnst tbe United States, of which tan. intiirdngftx.046.16, were brought on tuiliiMtenlun by tta heads of departments under tbe aot of March . 1883. chapter lit. There have also bean browght fifty-one T suits, olamving $161,1 i6.1T asahMtths District . ot Colombia under tbe ast of Juno 1. 1880, as extended by the aot of Mason , 188. chanter 85 ' , The aggregate amount of judgment twofleted

in favor of Ibe United Btatoa tn civil suits dsring

imt the year on Judgment rendered In ton years for the United State, and $XM49.S i

otherwiso realized m orvu suits. . Tbe aggregate amount ot fines, forfei isreaand : penalties lmi.osed during tha year lnerbutnal prosecutions was $300,478.76, and the aisount of those tines, forfeitures and penalties oaUMted during t he yex was $65,817.76, while $11 ,861.41 was realized on fines, forfeitures and penalties Imposed in former year. ... Tim Attorney General nrsestha inuutlet Of

the concentration ot convicts sentenced by United States courts tn some on prison. Tba condition of the eereral penal msutntion under Federal management is reported to be in the main satisfactory.

Digging out tarantula tad their

nests has become quite an industry in Santa Barbara. Cal. The insects am suffocated with gas, then stuffed, dried and fastened to a card. The retail ' price is 50 cents each, bnt many hundreds are sold wholeuale tor $3 or 14 per dozen.

Wii n fanivw and rtlftodarl tnBx Bra

revolutionizing the cattle VosineM in

Texas. The first dispenses with cow

boys and "rounding-np, and the lnttar enables -the growers to compot with

Montana cattle. .'

Tkn years ago iron rails wwa

factored by ail raumaurs, rails by oompamtively lewij

now form 95 per cent.

put. , C