Banner Graphic, Volume 22, Number 119, Greencastle, Putnam County, 22 January 1992 — Page 3

Consumers get a break at the gasoline pump

NEW YORK (AP) world awash in oil, consumers are getting some noticeable relief at the gasoline pump. As OPEC ministers fret over a looming oil price collapse, retail prices of gasoline have fallen to their lowest level since before Iraq seized Kuwait in 1990. THE TUMBLING oil prices, brought about by plentiful petroleum supplies, come despite recent reductions in output by members of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries. The actual gasoline price is even cheaper than before the invasion, when one considers that federal, state and local taxes imposed since then have added more than a nickel a gallon to what people pay at the pump. Still, critics of the oil industry say motorists aren’t enjoying the benefits of cheap oil as quickly as they should be. “THE OIL companies have got sticky fingers again,” said Edwin S. Rothschild, energy policy director of Citizen Action, a Washington consumer group. He contends gas prices have been falling only at about half

Cuba had intermediate missiles in ’62 GIA underestimated Soviet presence, McNamara claims

: WASHINGTON (AP) The CIA badly underestimated the number of Soviet troops in Cuba and also failed to detect the presence of 24 medium-range missiles with nuclear warheads on the island during the 1962 crisis, former Defense Secretary Robert S. McNamara says. McNamara told a news conference Tuesday he learned of the Soviet activities in Cuba from Soviet officials who took part in a closed-door meeting in Havana earlier this month on the 1962 U.S.Soviet showdown. : CIA SPOKESMAN Mark Mansfield had no comment on McNamara’s allegations. “We were told by the Russians that the Soviet forces in Cuba in October 1962 numbering 42,000 men instead of the 10,000 reported by the CIA possessed 36 nuclear warheads for the 24 intermediaterange missiles that were capable of striking the United States,” Mc- • Namarasaid. “At the time, the CIA had stated ■ they did not believe there were any ' nuclear warheads on the island.” AS PENTAGON chief under • President Kennedy, McNamara, now 75, was a key figure in both ’. the Bay of Pigs invasion of April 1961 and the missile crisis 18 months later. • The crisis was the closest the world came to a nuclear confronta- • tion between the superpowers, but - McNamara said he did not realize just how close until the conference • Jan. 9-12 in Havana. The Soviet delegation to the

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the rate of crude oil prices. Rothschild persistently accuses oil companies of passing price increases onto consumers much more quickly than they pass on price decreases. The oil companies just as persistently say that is not true. The industry points out that retail gasoline prices sometimes fall when crude oil prices are rising. Whether or not retail prices are falling too slowly, drivers have been been getting a break. THE AMERICAN Automobile Association reported Tuesday that the nationwide average for a gallon of self-serve regular unleaded fell 1.4 cents over the past week, to $1,068. After nine weeks of going straight down, gas prices are the lowest since July 25,1990, when gas cost $1.05 per gallon. The invasion of Kuwait on Aug. 2, 1990, threw oil markets into a price frenzy. Since October, crude oil prices have fallen about $5 per barrel to around $lB. OPEC had gone into the winter pumping oil to capacity, but some cartel members grew fearful of a price collapse in the spring.

meeting stunned the American representatives by disclosing that nine short-range nuclear weapons also had been deployed on Cuba for use in the event of a U.S. invasion. THAT DISCLOSURE appeared in news accounts immediately after the conference ended last week, and McNamara acknowledged the information caught him off guard. “Never in my wildest drcams did I believe they had tactical nuclear weapons,” McNamara said. The crisis ended when Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev agreed to withdraw the missiles from Cuba in exchange for a promise by Kennedy that the United States would not invade the island. Documents released earlier this month suggested that Kennedy’s promise was not unconditional. McNAMARA SAID there was no doubt that if an invading U.S. force had been attacked by tactical nuclear weapons, Ute United States would have responded with a nuclear strike. “And where would it have been ended?” he asked. “In utter disaster.” Asked whether Kennedy had been inclined to accept the recommendation of the Joint Chiefs of Staff to go ahead with an invasion, McNamara said he believes the president would have sought other means in hopes of avoiding war. He also acknowledged that most top officials felt Kennedy was prepared to launch an invasion. “Nobody can say for sure,” McNamara added. ALMOST 30 YEARS later,

U.N. tells Libya to hand over suspects in two jet bombings

UNITED NATIONS (AP) The Security Council has demanded that Libya hand over intelligence agents wanted in the downing of Pan Am Flight 103 and a French airliner, and could impose > sanctions if Libya does not comply. Libya tried to dissuade the council from passing the resolution, claiming British and U.S. indictments charging two Libyans with the Pan Am bombing were baseless. It said the matter should be submitted to international arbitration. BUT THE 15-member council voted unanimously against Libya. It was believed to be the first time the Security Council has taken sides in a legal dispute among member states. Although Tuesday’s resolution did not use the word “extradition,” that was clearly its intent. It condemns the 1988 bombing of Flight 103 over Lockerbie, Scotland, which killed 270 people, and the 1989 bombing of a French airliner over West Africa in which 170 people died. France seeks four Libyans in the second bombing. “THE RESOLUTION makes

McNamara still seemed shaken by the thought of what could have happened if the 140,000 American troops mobilized to invade Cuba had been sent to the island only to come under attack by a secret arsenal of nuclear weapons. “You could imagine what the mood would have been ... in the country,” McNamara said. “We could have responded in an hour,” he said. “They (U.S. warplanes) would have been in the

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Sought tor downing Pan Am 103 and French airliner

clear that neither Libya new any other state can seek to hide support for international terrorism behind traditional principles of international law,” said U.S. Ambassador Thomas Pickering. “We now hope that Libya will respond effectively and do so rapidly.” Libya indicated it would not turn

air and dropping their bombs in an hour.” He said the danger was heightened still further by Soviet disclosures that field commanders had the authority to fire the weapons without prior instruction from Moscow. One lesson of the crisis is that nuclear war can come about as a result of “misinformation, misjudgment and miscalculation,” McNamara said.

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the suspects over, but did not explicitly say so. The United States has long accused Libya of sponsoring terrorism, and there is also concern in the international community over Libya’s chemical weapons program. LAST WEEK, CIA Director

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Robert M. Gates told a Senate hearing in Washington that Libya has stockpiled up to 100 tons of chemical weapons, dispersing them from its weapons-making facilities at Rabta to other locations around the country in order to avoid detection. Security Council resolutions are considered legally binding. However, Tuesday’s resolution on the plane bombings contains no enforcement measures. The United States and Britain have said that if Libya defies ihe resolution, a resolution imposing economic sanctions will be taken up within two weeks. THESE COULD include denying landing rights to the Libyan airline and prohibiting sales of aircraft and parts to the airline, diplomats said. It cites U.S., British and French requests that Libyan suspects be turned over for trial, and “urges the Libyan government immediately to provide a full and effective response to those requests so as to contribute to the elimination of international terrorism.”

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