Banner Graphic, Volume 21, Number 79, Greencastle, Putnam County, 5 December 1990 — Page 3

State revenues are down $99.2 million in 5 months

INDIANAPOLIS (AP) Gov. Evan Bayh may have to institute more cost-saving measures following a report showing state revenues during the past five months fell $99.2 million below expected figures. The dismal figures also may force the state to dip into the Rainy Day Fund and to look at new uses for lottery revenue and other sources of income, State Budget Director Frank Sullivan Jr. said. “WE NEED TO LOOK at the ways in which we allocate our resources. Some of the ways we’re spending money now are not as important as the ways we could be spending money,” Sullivan said. In September, Bayh ordered a state government hiring freeze and cuts in non-essential spending to save the state more than slls million. The hiring freeze was extended last week for an additional three months because turnover was lower than expected. Sullivan said he would wait for the new two-year revenue forecast due Dec. 12 before recommending any further costcutting programs. “OUR JUDGEMENT is with a new revenue forecast but eight days away, we ought to wait to see what that is to see what the economists tell us,” he said. Revenues in November fell S4B million, or 10.8 percent, below the monthly forecast target. Since the state fiscal year began July 1, state revenues

A nation at risk Our computers are vulnerable to sabotage

WASHINGTON (AP) A thief can steal more money with a computer than with a gun and a terrorist can spread more chaos with a keyboard than with a bomb, experts said today. “We are at risk,” the National Research Council said in a 300page report. “Increasingly, America depends on computers. They control power delivery, communications, aviation and financial services. “THEY ARE USED to store vital information, from medical records to business plans to criminal records. Although we trust them, they are vulnerable.” The report, titled “Computers at Risk,” calls for a coherent national effort to develop security systems and increase public awareness of the dangers posed by vulnerable computers to accidents and deliberate attack. “To date, we have been remarkably lucky,” the council said. IT POINTED OUT that although money and information have been stolen, lives have been lost because of computer errors and communications and financial systems have been disrupted, there has been no systematic attempt to subvert critical computing systems. “Unfortunately, there is reason to believe that our luck will soon

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have fallen 4.4 percent below expected income. The biggest blow has been in corporate tax revenues, which fell SBO.I million, or 21.1 percent, below the forecasted figures. Sales tax revenues fell $45.2 million, or 4.7 percent, below expected revenues. Meanwhile, individual income taxes grew just 0.5 percent. SULLIVAN AGREED the figures may show a lack of consumer confidence. While Hoosiers appear to be holding onto good-paying jobs, they’re not spending a lot of money. “Since the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait we’ve seen a dramatic decline in every measure of consumer confidence that’s published. That reflects itself in what people are buying and the sales tax,” Sullivan said. “Hoosiers continue to spend, although not at a rate we had originally forecasted.” THE MOST PUZZLING drop is in corporate taxes, which include property, payroll and corporate sales taxes, Sullivan said. The decline may be blamed on the weakening national economy. “More and more we’re in a national economy. If business and particular industries are down nationally, that’s going to affect Indiana,” he said. The forecast may challenge Indiana legislators to sacrifice some old programs for the sake of new ones as they put together the next biennial budget next year, Sullivan said.

run out,” the report said. “Thus far we have relied on the absence of malicious people who are both capable and motivated. We can no longer do so. We must instead attempt to build computer systems that are secure and trustworthy.” AS EVIDENCE OF how untrustworthy computers are, the report listed these examples: • A nearly successful attempt to use thousands of phony Bank of America automatic teller machine cards fabricated with personal identification numbers stolen from an on-line data base. • Thousands of reported virus attacks and hundreds of different viruses identified, such as Stoned, Devil’s. Dance, 1260, Jerusalem, Yankee Doodle, Pakistani Brain, Icelandic-2, Ping Pong and December 24. • A software design error that froze much of American Telephone & Telegraph’s long distance network. • The German Chaos Computer Club break-ins to the NASA Space Physics Analysis Network. • The 1988 Internet “worm” incident. Robert Morris of Arnold, Md., is appealing his conviction in federal court for unleashing a program that paralyzed thousands of computers linked to the nationwide program. • An error in computer software

Women twice as likely to suffer depression as men, study claims

WASHINGTON (AP) Women are twice as likely as men to experience depression, but a task force of the American Psychological Association said the reason for this difference is not just biology. Patterns of thinking, physical and sexual abuse, poverty and unhappy marriages are all woven into a complex tapestry that puts women at double the risk for depression, said a report released today by the APA. A THREE-YEAR study by a committee of experts organized by the APA found that at least 7 million American women suffer from depression and that most will go untreated, often with “tragic, unnecessary losses” such as suicide. “Women truly are more depressed than men primarily due to their experience of being female in our contemporary culture,” Ellen McGrath, chairwoman of the National Task Force on Women and Depression, said in a statement prepared for a news conference today. The study said more research is essential to determine why women are so vulnerable to the ailment, how best to treat it and how best to help women protect themselves from the dangers of profound depression. McGRATH SAID THE task force found that women of all races, ages and income levels in Europe, Africa and North America are all at higher risk than men for most types of depression. And, said McGrath, the reason is not that women are more apt to admit their feelings. “It is astonishing how often this

controlling a radiation therapy machine, a Therac 25 linear accelerator, resulted in at least three patient deaths. • A Cleveland man allegedly mailed more than 26,000 virus-in-fected diskettes with AIDS prevention information to hospitals, businesses and government agencies worldwide. “WHATEVER TRUST was justified in the past will not be justified in the future unless action is taken now,” the report said. It recommended that an institution be created to accelerate the commercialization and adoption of safer and more secure computer and communications systems. A major activity of the group would be to evaluate products with respect to security. “Hie organization must not be ... a captive of government, system vendors or individual segments of the user community,” the report said. But it would need the highest level of government support, even a congressional charter, the report said, adding, “The committee sees this proposal as a test of commitment for industry.” The National Research Council is an arm of the National Academy of Sciences, a private organization chartered by Congress.

difference is denied by assuming that women more readily report emotional distress than men,” she said. “This argument says women are not really more depressed, they just say and think so.” The report by the task force said a number of social, economic, biological and emotional factors raise the risk of depression for women. Consequently, the experts said, women and their depression should be studied in a “biopsychosocial context” that recognizes the varied effects of gender differences in all these factors. AMONG THE task force findings: • Biology is not as strong an influence in women’s depression as previously believed. Menstruation, pregnancy, abortion and menopause are not major factors in significant depression for most women. Infertility is, however, with up to 40 percent of women studied saying the inability to conceive is “the most upsetting experience of thenlives.” • Depression in women may be related to gender-related personality styles that include passive, dependent patterns and negative thinking, but this requires more research. “THE RESEARCH suggests women focus too much on discussing depressed feelings instead of developing action and mastery strategies,” McGrath said.

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• Abuse early in life may play a laige role. The study said that between 37 percent and half of all women have had “a significant experience of physical or sexual abuse before the age of 21.” For many women, depression may be the result of post-traumatic stress syndrome or even undiagnosed head trauma from battering. • Unhappy marriages and parenthood are important factors. The study said women are three times more likely than men to be depressed in unhappy marriages, and that having young children around creates a vulnerability to depression. “The more children in the house, the more depression is reported,” the study said. • The report called poverty a “pathway to depression.” It said that 75 percent of the U.S. poor are women and children. • Some groups of women are particularly susceptible, the report said. These include minority, el-

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December 5,1990 THE BANNERGRAPHIC

derly, chemically dependent, lesbian and professional women. It said these “need special attention and support.” ALTHOUGH DEPRESSION now readily yields to treatment in 80 to 90 percent of all patients, most women with the ailment go untreated, the report said. And for those who are treated, the depression is misdiagnosed “at least 30 to 50 percent of the time,” it said. “Approximately 70 percent of the prescriptions for antidepressants are given to women, often with improper diagnosis and monitoring,” the study said. It recommended more research on the use of antidepressant drugs for women. The APA task force included 34 women and five men. The group included psychologists, physicians, mental health workers, authors and editors, and Rep. Patricia Schroeder, D-Colo.

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