Banner Graphic, Volume 20, Number 43, Greencastle, Putnam County, 24 October 1989 — Page 2

THE BANNERGRAPHIC October 24,1989

USSR offers to end NATO, Warsaw Pact

MOSCOW (AP) Foreign Minister Eduard A. Shevardnadze says the Soviet Union is willing to negotiate an end to the NATO and Warsaw Pact military alliances and plans to eliminate its own overseas bases by the year 2000. And he has promised that as East bloc countries move away from one-party Communist rule, the Soviet Union will observe strict principles of non-intervention and “absolute freedom of choice.” IN A MAJOR foreign policy address to the Supreme Soviet legislature on Monday, Shevardnadze also condemned his predecessors* decision to send troops into Afghanistan, calling it a “gross violation” of Soviet law and ethics. He also admitted that the Soviet radar station in Krasnoyarsk violated the U.S.-Soviet Anti-Bal-listic Missile treaty. The Soviets said last month that it would be dismantled, ending a dispute that soured U.S .-Soviet arms control talks for years. Shevardnadze’s speech was ex-

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traordinary in its frankness and elevated the Supreme Soviet to a forum for major policy statements. WITHOUT specifically mentioning any East bloc country, he said Moscow would henceforth relate to its Warsaw Pact allies on the basis of “sovereign equality, the impermissibility of any kind of intervention and the recognition that each country has the right to absolute freedom of choice.” Poland and Hungary, former one-party Communist states, are hurtling toward Western-style democracy and hundreds of thousands of people are taking to the streets in East Germany to demand a similar transformation. The foreign minister said Moscow is prepared to liquidate all its foreign bases by the year 2000 and draw back to within its own borders. HE DID NOT specify what conditions would be set for such a withdrawal, but a year ago President Mikhail S. Gorbachev announced the start of a pullback that he said would result in a 500,000-

Hungary unnerves Romania, Czechoslovakia

By ALISON SMALE Associated Press Writer VIENNA, Austria (AP) 1956, the Soviet Union sent tanks and soldiers into Budapest to crush an anti-communist revolt. Now, with Hungary declaring itself a democracy and Moscow coping with its own internal turmoil, the Kremlin is deafeningly quiet. With Poland and East Germany also absorbed in their own turbulent politics, it has been left to Hungary’s orthodox neighbors, Czechoslovakia and Romania, to sound the communist alarm about the historic events in Budapest THEIR CONCERN IS compounded by worries about the reac-

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EDUARD SHEVARDNADZE Dismantling Warsaw Pact

man reduction in Soviet military forces. Shevardnadze told the lawmakers proudly that already, “Not a single Soviet soldier is participating nor, I’m sure, will participate in military actions anywhere in the world.”

News Analysis tion of their own large ethnic Hungarian minorities, who were able to follow commemorations of the 1956 Hungarian uprising on live Hungarian television broadcasts Monday. A “political coup d’etat,” thundered the Communist Party daily Pravda in Slovakia on Monday, commenting on a historic parliamentary session in Budapest that rewrote the Hungarian constitution to embrace democracy and pave the way for free elections next year. Romania so far has been silent about that session and Monday’s

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LEONID I. BREZHNEV Afghan venture denounced And he said his government is “prepared to head toward the dissolution of the military-political blocs in Europe” in a mutual arrangement worked out by NATO and the Warsaw Pact HE ADDED, however, that despite recent historic changes in

rallies, in which more than 100,000 Hungarians cheered the proclamation of a democratic republic on the 33rd anniversary of their popular uprising. BUT PRESIDENT Nrcolae Ceausescu of Romania, perhaps the staunchest communist ideologue in the East bloc, last week denounced Hungary’s path. He pledged Romania would never follow the same course toward a free market At odds with Budapest for years over charges that Romania is harassing its 1.7 million ethnic Hungarians, Ceausescu is bound to be further unsettled by the strident demands for democracy voiced in

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the Warsaw Pact, the Soviet Union considers that “all our obligations remain in force.” Shevardnadze denounced the decision by the late President Leonid I. Brezhnev to send Soviet soldiers into Afghanistan in December 1979 to help the Marxist government there fight the anticommunist guerrillas. He disavowed any connection with the decision to intervene and said it involved “gross violations of our own laws, intra-party and civil norms and ethics. “A DECISION THAT had very serious consequences for our country' was made behind the back of the party and the people,” Shevardnadze said in the speech, the full text of which was carried by the official Tass news agency. It was not the first time highly placed Soviets have disclosed that the decision to intervene in Afghanistan was made by a small circle around Brezhnev. But it had not previously been characterized by a gocemment spokesman as an outright violation of law.

Budapest on Monday. A unique race in central Europe, with no linguistic bonds to neighboring Slavs and Germans, Hungarians have a tradition of maneuvering for the maximum freedom despite dominance by stronger neighbors. THIS HISTORY HAS also made them fiercely nationalistic, a pride that has not died in the extensive former Hungarian territories now incorporated in Czechoslovakia, Romania and Yugoslavia. Ceausescu’s tough rule has so far kept ethnic Hungarian yearnings for more freedom from combining with widespread discontent at food and fuel shortages to ignite major outbreaks of unrest such as that which occurred in the Transylvanian city of Brasov in November 1987, when 10,000 angry workers look to the streets in protest. While Czechoslovakia and Romania bristle, the Soviet Union turns the other cheek. Moscow’s reticence toward the dramatic changes in Hungary confirm that President Mikhail Gorbachev, plagued by strikes and ethnic unrest at home, is sticking to his policy of non-interference in eastern Europe.

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E. Germans rally for free elections BERLIN (AP) An estimated 300,000 people filled the streets of Leipzig, challenging East Germany’s new Communist leadership to allow free elections and political opposition, in the largest protest in the country’s history. There were no reports of violence or interference from police during the two-hour march late Monday. THE PROTEST and an announcement from several hundred factory workers Monday that they have formed the communist state’s first independent labor union were con-' sidered tests of new leader Egon Krenz’s professed desire to embrace reform. Krenz was confirmed today as head of state by Parliament, which is under the tight control' of the Communist Party. He as-’ sumed the more powerful post of party chief on Wednesday. The state-run ADN news agency said Krenz was elected president with a “large majority” of the votes in the 500-member chamber. WEST GERMANY’S ARD television showed footage of the vote count, in which Parliament speaker Horst Sindermann counted 26 votes against Krenz and 26 abstentions. Krenz was also elected armed forces chief.' ADN reported the Leipzig demonstration and other public rallies on Monday but denied a free trade union had been formed in East Berlin. Several hundred workers at the suburban Wilhelm Pieck electronics factory said in a. statement released in West Berlin Monday that they formed an independent labor organization called “Reform.” THE REFORM group wants the right to strike, to set wages. for workers and prices for. products. West Germany’s ZDF television network reported that whole sections of the factory had already resigned from the' state-run labor federation. An appeal to spread the Reform union movement was sent to other factories in East Germany, the network reported.

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