Banner Graphic, Volume 13, Number 41, Greencastle, Putnam County, 23 October 1982 — Page 2

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The Putnam County Banner-Graphic, October 23,1982

Crisis answers 20 years later President Kennedy thought the chances of nuclear war were 1 in 3 or even

By LESLIE H. GELB c. 1982 N.Y. Times WASHINGTON Twenty years ago Friday, Oct. 22, President John F. Kennedy publicly demanded that the Soviet Union remove its missiles from Cuba or else. And for 13 days, until agreement on their removal was reached, he thought that the chances of nuclear war were 1 in 3 or even. “Above all, the Cuban missile crisis is a vivid reminder that, unless the superpowers act very carefully, they can set off a chain reaction leading to nuclear war,” Graham T. Allison, dean of the John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard, remarked recently. For 20 years, the middle course charted by Kennedy to bring about the withdrawal of the missiles neither direct military attack nor words alone has served as a model to his successors on how to handle crises. At the time, this middle way was generally judged a brilliant success. But the weight of historical opinion in books and articles since then has been less kind. Historians and critics of the left have seen Kennedy’s actions as dangerously irresponsible, risking far too much to gain too little and adding to foolish myths about toughness being the only way to deal with Soviet leaders. Critics on the right have found Kennedy’s ac-

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Nine-year-old Sandy Koti of Detroit tried her best not to smile, but lost in a staring contest with Mark McGuire, a clown with the Ringling Brothers and Barnum & Bailey Circus. Sandy's amibition is to be a clown and she's come to

Banner-Graphic "It Waves For AH" USPS 142-020) Consolidation of The Daily Banner Established 1850 The Herald The Daily Graphic Established 1 883 Telephone 653-5151 Published daily except Sundays and holidays by LuMar Newspapers. Inc. at 100 North Jackson St., Greencastle, Indiana 46135. Entered in the Post Office at Greencastle, Indiana, as 2nd class mail matter under Act of March 7,1878. Subscription Rates Per Week, by carrier ‘I.OO Per Month, by motor route ‘4.55 Mail Subscription Rates R.R. in Rest of Rest of Putnam County Indiana U.S.A. 3 Months ‘13.80 ‘14.15 ‘17.25 6 Months ‘27.60 ‘28.30 ‘34.50 1 Year *55.20 ‘56.60 ‘69.00 Mail subscriptions payable in advance . . . not accepted in town and where motor route service is available. Member of the Associated Press The Associated Press is entitled exclusively to the use for republication of all the local news printed in this newspaper.

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tions inexcusably weak, a course that caused the withdrawal of the missiles but left Fidel Castro firmly entrenched as Cuba’s leader, a springboard to complacency about the growing Soviet threat. Twenty years later, there is little new evidence to clear up the central mysteries of the crisis: —Why did the Soviet Union take the risk of putting the missiles into Cuba in the first place? —What caused Moscow to back down American nuclear superiority, local conventional military superiority, or an American compromise? —What exactly did Washington and Moscow commit themselves to do and not to do in ending the crisis? The main lesson that senior administration officials and American diplomats spoke of over the years was the virtue of moderation. Do not fire on Soviet forces but do not accept Soviet moves to alter the status quo as an accomplished fact. Be firm and clear, but be sure to leave a face-saving way out for Moscow. To a generation of policy makers weaned on the Cuban missile crisis, the key to success was to walk a path between all-out confrontation and acquiescence.

Students rushed to Los Angeles hospitals Contaminated soft drinks fell 200 at high school game

LOS ANGELES (AP) - Copper sulphate contamination inside a soft drink dispenser apparently caused nearly 200 people, nearly all of them students, to become ill at a high school football game, police said today. Monterey Park police Lt. Jim Strait said, “preliminary information” from county health officials indicated the illness was caused by contamination in a dispenser at one of the refreshment stands. “It is our understanding that that would occur accidentally,”

auditions at the cirucs for the last couple of years. She'll have to wait at least until she's 17 for real try at life under the Big Top. (AP Laserphoto)

rather than as a result of tampering, he added. Strait said initially the number affected was thought to be much smaller, but when officers went to hospitals to interview the victims, they found many more had become sick. “Our best estimate, it’s right around 200,” he said early this morning. He said health officials confiscated containers and food from concession stands at East Los Angeles College in Monterey Park, where the game betwen Franklin and Garfield

Ex-mayor of Greensburg found guilty

BROOKVILLE, Ind. (AP) - A Franklin Circuit Court jury convicted Greensburg’s former mayor, James R. Ryle, Friday night on 52 counts of bribery in the purchases of chemicals for his city. The eight men and four women jurors deliberated nearly 20 hours before finding

This was essentially the way President Johnson steered the United States through the Vietnam war avoiding full military action that might compel the Soviet Union and China to enter the war and refusing to accept a Communist takeover of South Vietnam. The same general pattern was followed by Presidents Nixon and Carter in dealing with new Soviet moves in Cuba in 1969 and 1978. Even as policy makers were settling into this pattern, outside analysts and historians began to rake over the experience to see “what really happened.” They reinterpreted the event to support particular views about the virtues of arms control, or the untrustworthiness of the Russians, or the need for nuclear parity, or the necessity for restoring nuclear superiority. The question was asked again: Why did Nikita S. Khrushchev do it? The historian Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr., a Kennedy aide, described the prevailing view within the administration: “With one roll of the nuclear dice, Khrushchev might redress the strategic imbalance, humiliate the Americans, rescue the Cubans, silence the Stalinists and the generals, confound the Chinese and acquire a potent bargaining counter when he chose to replay Berlin. The risks seemed medium; the rewards colossal.”

high schools was played Friday night. The investigation into the contamination was continuing, said Dr. Hanh Le of the county Department of Health Services, adding that full results were not expected until later today. Sickess from copper sulphate, a salt, “is rarely severe if the metal is removed promptly” from the body, said Eileen Herman, a nurse with the Los Angeles County Poison Control Center. Generally the toxin is removed by vomiting, she said, so that acute poisoning is

Ryle guilty of 52 of 54 counts against him. Ryle, 47, had been charged with accepting money, gifts and sexual favors in return for awarding construction contracts and the purchase of chemicals. A sentencing date will be set next week, Decatur County

Prints on Tylenol bottle checked

CHICAGO (AP) - Investigators awaited the results of fingerprint analysis on a newly discovered bottle of cyanide-tainted Tylenol on Friday while seeking the customer who had returned it to a Chicago store. Meanwhile, Johnson & Johnson, parent company of Tylenol’s maker, announced that the federal Food and Drug Administration had conclusively determined the cyanide contamination did not occur at the company’s plants. Seven people in the Chicago

In the memoirs attributed to Khrushchev, the Soviet leader said his move was to protect Cuba and equalize nuclear abilities. But what risks did he really believe he was running, and was his subsequent downfall caused at least in part by his “adventurism” in Cuba? And was Castro a mere pawn or something much more in this game? There is no hard evidence on any of these matters. The even more provocative and still unanswered question is why did Khrushchev back down? At the time of the crisis, the Kennedy administration line was that Moscow virtually had no choice, given American conventional military superiority around Cuba and overall American nuclear superiority. Kennedy had gone to the brink and the Russians had blinked, or so it was said then. But in a book published after his assassination, Robert Kennedy revealed another piece of the puzzle, previously suspected. He wrote that the Soviet Union had been informed it was the president’s intention to remove American missiles from Turkey, but not as a trade for the removal of the missiles from Cuba. In a recent article, a bevy of senior Kennedy aides confirmed this, saying it would have been misunderstood and damaging to American security to have made this public at the time. Thus, in one way or

world/state

Grain glut U.S. sales policy threatens exports, Hoosier says

By The Associated Press Export prospects for Indiana’s grains are dwindling because of the Reagan administration’s wide-open sales policy with the Soviet Union, a state grain specialist says. “It’s the wrong way to sell grain, to keep telling our potential buyers they can buy all the time,” said Louis Johnston, vice president of Indiana Grain, a division of the Indiana Farm Bureau Cooperative Association. Despite the prospect of a record grain harvest this year, Hoosier farmers could be forced to trade amid a worldwide

avoided. As the students were brought to hospital emergency rooms, officials said it appeared consumption of Coca-Cola had been the connecting factor in their illness. “That was the only common denominator,” said college spokeswoman Esther Renteria. “Not all of the sick kids had eaten the hot dogs or other food. But thev had all had Coke.” The students, many of them clutching their stomachs in pain and vomiting, were rushed to nearby hospitals in private cars

Prosecutor Kenneth Bass said. Ryle had pleaded innocent to 54 counts of extorting and accepting bribes in the awarding of construction contracts and the purchase of chemicals by the city while he was mayor from 1976 to 1979. The prosecutor dropped one

area were killed by the tainted capsules. Joseph Chiesa, president of McNeil Consumer Products Co., said the company was “gratified” that the FDA’s finding confirmed its own in vestigation. The FBI crime lab in Washington employed laser technology in trying to lift usable fingerprints from the latest contaminated capsules, described by officials as deteriorated after apparently sitting in the bottle for several weeks.

another, Moscow could also claim that it emerged with gains. In the article, the aides went still further: “The Cuban missile crisis illustrates not the significance but insignificance of nuclear superiority in the face of survivable thermonuclear retalitory forces. It also shows the crucial role of rapidly available conventional strength.” Writing in the autumn issue of Wilson Quarterly, the historian Robert A. Pollard said: “Over the long term, no one ‘won’ very much from the 1962 missile crisis. Contemporary observers perhaps exaggerated how close the superpowers came to a holocaust. But the experience was sufficiently sobering so that Soviet and American leaders have never since engaged in anything akin to nuclear brinkmanship.” There followed the establishment of the “hot line” to improve communications in a crisis, the treaty banning nuclear tests in the atmosphere and the opening of discussions on the control of nuclear arms. This was attended by an acceleration of the arms race, particularly by the Soviet Union, whose leaders vowed “never again.” The legacy of the Cuban missile crisis seems to be a somber one: a spark of hope and a lot more arms.

grain glut and weakened global demand, Johnston said. The U.S. Department of Agriculture has estimated $36.7 billion in grain export sales for the first 11 months of fiscal 1982 down 10 percent from the same period a year ago. When exports drop, Johnston said, corn is "worthless if there is no market for it. It has no monetary value if it is in surplus.” He said the United States must do whatever is necessary to regain its export position, even if it means export subsidies extending credit to other

and ambulances. Most were released after treatment. “The first ones affected were the cheerleaders, because they were jumping up and down and making themselves thirsty,” Ms. Renteria said. “Then it got to the students in the stands.” At nearby Monterey Park Hospital, nursing supervisor Pamela Honish said the students “ingested some type of poisoning through the Coke they were drinking at the game.” She said it was too early to tell if the problem was caused by a

bribery count Thursday. A conflict of interest charge against Ryle had been dismissed previously by Judge Ernest A. Stewart. Ryle’s indictment in April 1981 was the first in a series of similar charges against municipal and state officials throughout Indiana.

The unused, 50-capsule bottle of Extra-Strength Tylenol had been turned in to Dominick’s Finer Foods on the North Side, several hundred feet from the Walgreen’s drug store where the last poisoning victim to%e discovered, Paula Prince, purchased a 24-capsule bottle. It was the seventh bottle found to be contaminated with cyanide. The lot number on the latest bottle MC2BBO matched the lot number on two bottles that claimed four victims in the suburbs.

countries and discounting interest rates. Hoosier farmers are still suffering the after-shocks of the grain embargo with the Soviet Union imposed during the Carter administration, Johnston said. Even though President Reagan lifted the grain embargo, the Soviets have had time to look elsewhere for grain. Russia has become an in-and-out customer, buying large quantities of grain one year and very little the next, causing fluctuations in the U.S. grain market. “I don’t know why Russia

bad batch of Coke or something having been added to it, noting that toxicological tests were being run on all the sick students. But Ms. Renteria said it would have been impossible for anyone at the college to put something into the soft drink. “It comes from the factory in pressurized cylinders, and the only thing that comes out of it is a hose,” she said. “If you tried to tamper with it, the thing would blow up in your face.” She said county health of-

Couple exchanges vows amid 'terrorists', police in courthouse HOMESTEAD, Fla. (AP) To get married. Dale Czechowski and his bride, Susan, had to march past police sharpshooters into a county courthouse where six desperate “terrorists” were holding “hostages.” “I’ll never forget this.” said the bride. When the bride and groom arrived at the Dade County branch courthouse here Thursday, they were told that a gang of thugs had taken over the courtroom and demanded the release of several prisoners, a getaway helicopter and $500,000. The wedding was real. The hostage situation was not. The Czechowskis’ wedding plans coincided with a police training session on negotiating in a hostage situation. It included Metro-Dade police, corrections officers. Homestead police and security officers from Homestead Air Force Base. The police did not know the couple was coming, and the two at first were told to go away until the training session was over. But finally Detective Tom Foglia hustled them past a special weapons team into the armed compound. The couple exchanged vows before a Dade County clerk as “gang members” and “hostage negotiators” bargained in the next room.

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JOHN P. KENNEDY 13-day vigil

would be interested in coming in and bailing out the present administration by helping it solve the agricultural problem we have in this country today,” Johnston said. However, he admits that if Russia purchased large amounts of U.S. grain, it would drive up prices and help the Reagan administration out of its troubles. Johnston said farmers also are suffering from continued use of grain by the Reagan administration for diplomatic purposes. The Japanese are this year’s most stable customer for U.S. grain, he said.

ficials took food and soft drinks from the concession to conduct tests. Most of the students had been released after being treated at County-USC Medical Center which was coordinating the situation by early morning, said nursing supervisor Sheridan Smith. About 7,000 people were at the game. All who became ill were seated on the north side of the stadium, which was served by a single concession stand, she said.