Banner Graphic, Greencastle, Putnam County, 4 October 1974 — Page 6

f> THE Pl'TNAM COUNTY BANNER-GRAPHIC. GREENCASTLE. INDIANA. OCTOBER 4.1974

West Central Indiana farm and garden news

Price supports also USDA sets interest rate increase on storage drying equipment loans

Just as water has safety valve, electrical systems needs safety release’

Every electric circuit should be protected by a safety device, says Paul E. Johnson. Purdue University extension agricultural engineer “Just as a water or a steam pressure system usually has a safety valve somewhere in the system, so there is the need for a safety release in a nelectrical circuit,” he stresses A "short” or an excessive overload causes a heavier flow of current in the circuit than the conductor is designed to carry. Without circuit

protection, this would cause overheating of the wire and might result in a fire, he explains. Also, as the wire heats, the resistance to the current flow increases which shortens the time to the danger point There are two general types of circuit protection devices, reminds Johnson. These are fuses and circuit breakers. Maximum size fuse for a circuit is determined by the safe current carrying capacity of the conductor forming the

circuit. Thus, if a circuit is of 14-gauge wire, the safe carrying capacity is 15 ampers and should never be fused with one larger than 15 ampers. “Never 'overfuse' a circuit,” cautions Johnson. When a fuse blows, an overload has occurred or some type of trouble exist. Do not replace the fuse until the reason has been corrected, he says. Common plug fuses are available in sizes up to 30 ampers. The 20 amp fuse is

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safe to use on a 12 gauge wire; 30 amp on 10 gauge. A fuse contains a strip of metal, designed to carry a given amount of electric current. When something occurs causing more current to flow in the circuit, this strip melts or “burns out.” This breaks the circuit and stops the flow of current before either the circuit or attached appliance is damaged. The circuit breaker is essentially a combination of a fuse and switch. In place of the metal strip which melts or "burns out” in the common fuse, the circuit breaker has a vimetal strip. In the case of heating from an overload the two metal strips expand at different rates. This action trips and opens the switch, thus breaking the circuit. As soon as the metal strip cools down. (usually in about two minutes), the circuit breaker can be closed, thus completing the circuit again. There is no fuse to be replaced. A 20 amp circuit breaker is safe for a 12 gauge conductor and a 30 amp circuit breaker could be used only on a 10 gauge conductor. The 10 gauge conductor and 30 amp circuit breakers are used only on a special circuit, such as water heaters, clothes dryers and the like. Although the common fuse and circuit breaker are those most usually found, two other type fuses deserve mention. The time-delay fuse is used in situations where a momentaryoverload occurs, such as in the starting of an electric motor. This type of fuse will carry an overload several times the normal...but only for a fraction of a minute. It will blow the same as an ordinary fuse on continuous small overloads or in the case of a short. “In addition to the burn out' link of the ordinary fuse there is a delayed action element," explains Johnson. “This element consists of an ordinary fuse link and a short connector to which a spring is attached. The connector is held in place by low melting point solder. In the case of a momentary overload, neither part of the fuse is affected. But with a continuous overload, heat builds up in the fuse to a point where the solder melts. This releases the spring which breaks the contact and opens the circuits. In the case of a short, the burned out’ link melts as in an ordinary fuse, opening the circuit." Non-tamperable fuses also have delayed action. They are made in two parts, a special adapter and the fuse itself.

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The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) today announced an increase in the interest rate on price-support commodity loans and on storage facility and drying equipment loans made by Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC). The increases, from 7.25 to 9.375 percent per annum on commodity loans and from 8.75 to 9.375 percent per annum on storage facility and drying equipment loans will more nearly reflect the cost of borrowing money to CCC. In making the announcement the department said that the new interest rates will be applicable to all such loans for which applications are received by CCC on or after Oct. 1. Also announced today is a change in the policy regarding in-

terest on price-support commodity loans and on storage facility and drying equipment loans made by CCC. The interest rate on loans for which applications are received on and after Oct. 1 will be subject to changes, twice a year, during the time the loan is outstanding. Loans for which applications were received prior to Oct. 1 will continue to bear interest at the rate stated in this loan agreement until maturity. In addition, loans on storage facilities and drying equipment, for which applications are received after Oct. 1, will initially bear interest at the rate in effect on the date the loan is disbursed instead of the rate in effect at the time of application.

Elements strike blow

Hoosier wine-grape industry suffers same weather problems

By JOHN MARLOW Associated Press Writer INDIANAPOLIS (APIHeavy spring rains, killing frosts and a drought-plagued summer have been enough to drive Hoosier farmers to drink. But they’ll have to look someplace other than Indiana's infant wine-grape industry for their cup of comfort. It's had its problems, too. Carl Banholzer, one of the leaders in the state in working with European wine grapes.

says this year's crush will be long on quality and short on quantity. "The dry conditions have reduced the crop enormously,” the I^aPorte County vintner said. ‘The crop is light. Bunches are small. But the sugar content is high—very concentrated. There has been a tendency to more earlier than normal ripening, which usually accompanies a dry summer. We’re getting relatively early dormancy in the plants.

Consider hazards before storing

gasoline With the current uncertaintyover availability of gasoline and with talk of rationing, many motorists have taken to

storing gasoline.

Retailers in a number of cities throughout the nation report that gasoline can sales have soared and exhausted supplies for brief periods. But the hazards associated with the storage or transportation of gasoline are monumental and should be considered, warns F.R. Willsey, Purdue University extension safety specialist. Already deaths and personal property losses can be attributed to this practice. Willsey calls attention to a statement issued recently by Charles Morgan, president of the National Fire Protection Association, warning of the dangers which may develop when an individual stores gasoline in his home or automobile as protection against a possible fuel shor-

tage.

Many persons store gasoline in garages, storage rooms, or cars without considering the consequences that may result should escaping fuel vapors ignite,. says Morgan. Something as small as a pilot light, sparking jswitch, or

Before using, read product label carefully

cigarette may trigger an explosion and fire fed by ac-

cumulated vapors.

Morgan recommends that gasoline kept at home should be placed in vapor-venting safety containers designed for the specific purpose of storing gasoline-never in makeshift bottles, jars, or jugs. The fuel should be stored in a wellventilated area, in a separate room from operating ap-

pliances.

When gasoline must be carried in the car, Morgan advises that it be placed in a vapor-tight container which is designed for that purpose and which c«,..ies equipped with perfect seals on the cap of the fill opening and the pouring spout. The can should never be filled completely, so as to allow for some expansion of the

gasoline.

Willsey says ask yourself the question whether it is better to have the extra gasoline that storage makes possible or the

risk it creates.

Remember, such a practice could costs you much more than the inconvenience of an empty gas tank or staying at home. It could cost a life, a dwelling, or the loss of valuable personal property. Think twice about storing gasoline.

Before using any defoliant or dessicant on soybeans, read the product label completely, urge Purdue University- extension weed specialists Apply according to directions, heed the precautions and follow the worker safety rules. Autumn is the best time to control cattle and hog lice, say Purdue University extension entomologists. Fall treatments prevent the gradual buildup of lice populations which take place during the winter. Sprays

are usually more effective than dusts and should be applied before cold weather.

Poor growing conditions cut Indiana's 1974 strawberry crop from 19,000 hundredweight, report state-federal agricultural statisticians at Purdue Universuy. Seven hundred acres-100 fewer than in 1973-averaged 25 hundredweight, compared to a 1973 yield of 29 hundredweight per acre.

I I I

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•‘The vinifera (European grape) varieties like the cabernet, pinot noir and chardonnay have held more true to form than the French hybrids, largely because the European varieties are more accustomed to the dry summers such as you would normally have in Europe." Banholzer said. “What we have this year is very little, but very, very good of what we've got. At our (Indiana's wine-grape industry) infant stage right now, we'd rather have good wines and enough of them, however, rather than a few extraordinary ones.” Banholzer said the drought alone reduced the total yield in his vineyards by about 35 per cent. Ben Sparks, of Possum Trot Farm in Brown County, says birds have been more of a problem in his experimental vineyarzs than the weather. “Our harvest this year is reduced I would judge on the order of about 20 per cent. It’s not only the severe frost May 8 which definitely curtailed growth and ruined the bloom, but in addition to that, this year we’ve had a lot of problems with bird damage. “I think this has been true of all the vineyards, certainly in Ohio and Indiana. In Ohio, I know, they’ve had severe bird damage. “This year has really been bad on the white grapes. I lost my entire crop of Aurora (to the birds) before they were sufficiently ripe for wine use. Most of our grapes have to be let go until they are pretty far along in order to bring the sugar content up. It’s doubly bad now because sugar prices are so high and when you have to add sugar to bring the content up to the proper figure to get it right to

ferment for wine, then that costs more money. So you like to let the grapes get as sweet as they possibly can," Sparks said. Another southern Indiana grower. Bill Oliver of Bloomington, had a slightly brighter report. "It wasn't great," he said of his harvest. "We were hurt by the frost in May and had some hail damage. Still, we've got the best crop we’ve gotten yet." He said all his grapes have been picked and he has begun crushing. The dry summer weather had some effect in that the size of the grapes "is probably smaller than it would have been otherwise," Oliver said. Check home final grade To avoid a flooded basement problem in your new home, make sure the final grade around the house channels water off the lot, stress Extension agricultural engineers at Purdue University. If you received a companion animal for Christmas, remember, it deserves the best of care and attention to keep it healthy, remind Extension veterinarians at Purdue University. Puppies and kittens should receive shots to protect them against distemper, hepatitis, and other infectious diseases. They should be examined for external and internal parasites. A pony should be examined for external and internal parasites. A pony should be examined by a veterinarian. He will recommend the best of health measures for your pet.

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