Brown County Democrat, Volume 36, Number 20, Nashville, Brown County, 19 September 1918 — Page 3

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PEANUTS VALUABLE AS FEED FOR LIVE STOCK IN MOST SECTIONS OF THE SOUTH

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Raising of Many Sunken Ships bu England Helps to Defeat the German Submarine Campaign

RIGHT MANAGEMENT OF COLT Practical Suggestions for Feeding and Care During Early Life—How to Promote Growth. (From the United States Department of Agriculture.) Colts should be housed in dry, sanitary quarters, which give fairly warm protection from winds. Where several of the animals are kept together it is important to make provision for the weaker ones and see that they are not driven away from their feed by the stronger animals. The quarters should be kept clean and w r ell bedded and occasionally should be disinfected. Lice are to be suspected when the animals get to rubbing and lose patches of hair. Thorough washing with the proper solutions of coal-tar disinfectants will kill lice. It costs money to feed lice, consequently efforts should be made to keep them down. The foals should be out in the open every day that is not stormy; it is harmful, however, for them to remain out in a cold rain. The foal shomd be taught to lead and to stand tied during the first winter. Feeds that will promote growth should be supplied. Good, clean clover hay is palatable and slightly laxative. Timothy hay commonly is fed. Wellcured alfalfa hay free from dust is one of the best roughages for growing, but because of its relatively high protein content it generally is economical to supplement it with other roughage such as timothy, mixed hay, or corn fodder. Besides lending variety to the ration such a method of feeding alfalfa would offset any likelihood of kidney or bowel irregularities. Sheaf oats can be used to advantage to supplement other roughage. The animals should not be allowed to gorge themselves on dry feed. They should be given only what they will clean up readily, but at the same time enough feed should be supplied. Oats, corn, and peas, preferably fed ground, are suitable grains. Bran, oil meal, or gluten feed will add protein and lend variety. Cottonseed meal should not be fed to foals. Appropriate grain ra-

FIELD OF PEANUTS GRO WN FOR FORAGE IN TEXAS.

(Prepared by the United States Department of Agriculture.) The peanut is one of the more important crops grown in the South for feeding to hogs, thousands of acres being grown for that purpose. Few, if any, crops will produce more pounds of pork on an acre of land or produce it at a lower cost per pound. A good crop of peanuts will produce at least 400 pounds of pork per acre, and if the hay is harvested before turning the hogs into the patch it will practically pay the cost of growing. In addition to the profit on the pork, the cropproducing capacity of the soil will be materially increased, due to the addition of humus and nitrogen. This is very important, as much of the land in the peanut growing sections is deficient in both. By making successive plantings of peanuts at intervals of 15 to 30 days it is possible in most sections of the South to have peanuts available for the hogs from midsummer" until the end of November. In pasturing hogs on peanuts it is best to confine them to small areas by using portable fences, rather than to let them have the run of the whole field. Plant Between Corn Rows. In some sections of the Southern states the peanut is planted between the rows of corn, either at the time the corn is planted or at the last cultivation. After the corn is harvested cattle are turned in to eat the fodder and peanut tops. Hogs are then turned in to eat the peanuts. In this way the stubble and roots of the peanuts supply luimus, and most of the nitrogen stored in the nodules on the roots is left in the soil. Hogs fattened exclusively on peanuts do not yield a very desirable grade of meat and lard, as the meat is soft and the lard oily. . This can be remedied to a large extent, however, by feeding corn and other feeds along with the peanuts. In addition to growing peanuts to be fed in the field, the crop can be cured and stored in barns or sheds for winter feeding. The entire plant is a very valuable feed for nearly all classes of live stock. Peanut hay, consi ing of thq entire plant after the putS* are re-.lU-vecC'’ has Vuiiiu iSfg'L . fee lug value than the grass hays and about the same value as clover hay. The average yield of peauuj: hay is about two-thirds of a ton per acre. With 2,000,000 acres of peanuts, the estimated acreage for 1917, there would be produced about 1.333,000 tons of

peanut hay with a value of at least $20,000,000. The peanut is especially valuable as a crop to be grown for feed in the drier sections of the Southwest, where it is impossible to grow corn to advantage. Peanuts will withstand drought better than most farm crops. In some regions where corn will not produce five bushels per acre, peanuts have proved very satisfactory. The crop is of value also on land carrying a considerable percentage, of alkali. Peanut meal, a by-product from peanut oil manufacture, is a highly concentrated feed. The meal made from shelled nuts contains about 45 per cent protein, 6 to 9 per cent fat, and 23 to 24 per cent carbohydrates. Meal made from the unshelled nuts contains about 30 per cent protein, 6 to 9 per cent fat, and 21 to 22 per cent carbohydrates. The meal from shelled nuts has about the same feeding value as cottonseed meal and can be used for the same purpose. With the shortage of feeds high in protein thf demand for peanut meal at a good price will probably exceed the supply. It is especially valuable for dairy cattle and hogs and has been used to furnish a large percentage of the protein in a home-mixed horse feed. In fact, one large farmer has been using peanut meal for several years for feeding work horses and claims that it is the cheapest protein feed he has ever used. It can be used in quite large quantity in connection with other feeds without injurious effects. When fed to hogs peanut meal does not produce soft pork, and for this reason it is preferable to raw peanuts. Shells for Feed. Peanut shells, which accumulate in large quantities at cleaning and shelling factories, are sometimes ground with low-grade peanuts and sold for feed. The shells, however, have practically no feeding value, as they consist largely of crude fiber. All peanut feeds should be sold on the basis of their protein, fat, and carbohydrate content rather than on the ton basis. For example, 750 pounds of meal made from shelled peanuts has practically the same feeding value as 1,350 pounds of meal made from unshelled netsJ The*e amcu.itv r i.tcv iit the meal left as a by-product from peanut oil manufactured from a tori’ of farmers’ stock Spanish peanuts. Dealers selling peanut meal should show oa the label whether it is made from shelled or unshelled nuts; in fact, this is required by law in some states.

JILDING new ships to replace losses is not the only way to defeat the German submarine campaign. Saving ships that have been damaged, lifting those, even, that have been sunk, and restoring them to seagoing condition, are among the methods which have gradually been improved in England as the stringency of the shipping shortage became greater each month. The reason why the British authorities were not fully equipped to raise every ship that was sunk from the very start of the war is purely commercial. Salving ships costs money. Building new ones costs money. So long as the cost of salving was equal or even slightly in excess of the cost of building, so long it was not worth the while of owners to order salvage operations—just so long were invention and progress in the art of salvage delayed. When the salving of ships became urgent in the course of 1916 inventory of new appliances and new methods, salvage experts of many years standing, set their brains to work, and the result is that today ships can be raised and repaired from positions that two years ago would have beqn abandoned as hopeless. As showing how need stimulates invention, 1 may instance a discovery in chemistry which has proved to be of the utmost value in salvage work, writes H. C. Ferraby in Country Life. It is obvious that when a ship, laden with grain, beef, or other perishable stuffs, gets water-logged with seawater, something very unpleasant is going to happen to her cargo. In point of fact, it turns into *■ miniature poison-gas factory. Grain produces sulphuretted hydrogen, and the salvage men who stumble on a pocket of that in a beached ship would be seized with violent sickness, would be partially blinded for some time, and would turn a dull leaden color in the face. Experiment brought an antidote to this trouble, and now the cargo of a ship that is to be salved can be sprayed with a special solution as soon as there is any reason to suspect poison gas. This spraying removes all danger. Salvage work before the war was purely a private enterprise. The admiralty had no salvage branch, and when warships went ashore or were beached after collision the private firms, like the Liverpool Salvage association, were called in. War altered that, like many other things in the maritime world, and today the whole of the salvage work around the United Kingdom is carried out by an admiralty department. But since the men manning that department are, without exception, the former heads of the salvage business, the difference is mainly in titles and not in methods. Warship salving is confidential, and the work done by the department in this direction cannot be described. Its share in keeping the allies supplied with merchant ships, however, is not secret, and the record of work done since Oetoom*- .... . ia o:.. . Down to Lu end of 1917 the admiralty salvage section, under the guidance of Capt. P. W. Young, had rescued 260 wrecked, mined or torpedoed ships and sent them in fox* repairs. All that time their experience was growing. New material was being built for the work, new ideas, were being put into practical shape, and the result is that the year 1918 has so far seen a remai-kable increase in the number of ships saved. The figures for the early part of this year are: January, 14; Februaiy, 41, March, 37; April, 36; May, 19; giving a total of 14 1 . Thus in 32 months 407 ships have been restored to the world’s mercantile tonnage. The Germans count all these and some of them' twice over, in their calculations of the tonnage loss inflicted on the allies by the submarine campaign.* Every salvage man will tell you that the only fixing certain about it is that you never know fcdxat is going to happen. A ship may be ashore In the simplest position, with just one big hole In her to be patched up, and it looks like a job that will take a few days. In the end you are, perhaps, six months hanging around with that one ship before you can get her to float. Weather, tides and the condition of the cai'go all play a leading part in the work. The only thing the salvage man has got to do all the time is to be patient. That, perhaps, is why they all look so tired. Waiting Is a weary business. .'S ha weather is the worst enemy of salvage men. It is. very nice on a fine summer’s day to stand on the cliffs and look down at the busy humming workshops that we call salvage steamers clustered round a wreck that shines red with rust in the sunlight. The motors of the pumps drone incessantly, and the great 12-inch pipes send out cascades of gray water whose stale scent travels far before it is lost. The metalhelmeted divers clamber up and down, sitting for a while in the sun to make report of their progress below, receiving orders for the next ®tage, or just resting. It is different when the southwesterly gales blow, when rollers pour in from the Atlantic and pound down like Naasmyth hammers on the decks of the wreck. The salvage boats and tugs all have to run for shelter, wox-k has to be abandoned, and only the still' silent hulk is left to weather the storm. So long as she is firmly imbedded in the sand or shingle however, and there is plently of water inside her as well as outside, it takes a good many months of storms to knock a ship to pieces. It is often necessary, in order to save a wreck from the effects of weather, to flood compartments in her that had remained watertight. The problem of dealing with the water in wrecks and in ships that have been holed but are still afloat has been advanced very far toward solution during the war by the general adoption of a, new British invention, which has been described as a miracle of modern electrical engineering. Described simply, it is an electrically driven flump which can be entirely submerged and will stiL pump as efficiently as if it were above water. The submersible pump, as it Is called, does things that no one ever believed a pump could do. I saw one in the hold of a wreck recently, covered with • a black, evil-smell-

Fire at sea, collision, weather and other marine risks are all dealt with by the admiralty salvage section just as much as war risks such as mining and torpedoing; but it is, of course, the war risks that provide the bulk of the cases. The work of the section falls really into three parts. There are, first of all, the rescue tugs. These proceed to any ship that is in distress, whatever the cause, and endeavor to tow her into port, or at least to get her inb • ..shallow water, where she can go agrouno or ' ' . .-'ink a ad still be salvable. In the latter case th second part of the section’s work begins -the patching up, emptying and lifting. Tins may take anything from six weeks to six months. When sue is lifted and afloat again she is towed to the nearest sheltered anchorage, and there temporary repairs are effected, she is cleaned m inside and her engineroom restored to something like order. It Is the aim, as far as possible, to enable her to proceed to a shipyard under her own steam. There are cases, of course, where the torpedo or the mine has exploded- just by the engine-room and blown everything to * fragments. Then the hull, patched up, has to be towed to the repairing yard; but in the majority of cases the damage is in the bows or in the stern, and the vessel can limp along by herself after first aid from the salvage section. British salvage experts have little hope of salving any of the ships that are down in deep water. The physical limitations of divers alone would make it an impossibility to raise, for example, the Lusitania, and, so far, no mechanical devices that have been suggested or made hold out any hope of doing the work of the diver with any success.

A Standard Bred at a Government Remount Station. tions for the first winter are: Two parts corn, five parts oats, three parts bran, and, one part oil meal; or four parts oats, one part corn, and one part bran. Silage should not be fed to foals to any considerable extent. Sliced roots, such as carrots and sugar beets, are very palatable and have a cooling effect on the digestive system. The quantity of feed generally should be regulated by the appetite, although occasionally the appetite may be too ravenous to be a good indication. The general condition of the colt and the droppings should be observed daily. Usually not over one pound of grain per 100 pounds of live weight should be fed until the animal is two years old. A liberal supply of salt and good water and plenty of fresh air and exercise are essential for the proper development of young horses. Idleness succeeding exercise will cause constipation. It is often said that a horse is made during his first winter. Certainly this is a critical time in the animal’s life, and at no other age will proper feed and attention do so much to make of him a good horse.. If stunted during the first winter he never will gain proper size and shape. Foals should be changed from dry feed to pasture gradually ana should not be turned on pasture until the grass is old enough not to become washy. Grass is an indispensable factor in the economical and proper physiological development of young horses. During the second winter the feed and management should be nearly the same as for the first winter, except that the quantity of feed should be increased somewhat, the colt tied up in his stall, and handled frequently. Education by gentle and careful but firm handling at this age will save later much strenuous labor. The succeeding years are largely a repetition of those already discussed so far as feed and management are concerned, although the quantity of feed must be gradually increased as the animal grows. The prime general essentials for the proper development of horses from the yearling stage until they are put to work are: Fresh air, pure water, plenty of exercise, nutritious, palatable feed in sufficient quantity, and shelter from storms. Age of Profitable Sow. The age at which a sow ceases to bring forth good litters cannot be fixed, for some continue to be profitable for many years while others become just the reverse. Nothing in Changing Breeds. It is impossible to get the most out of swine breeding by continually changing from one breed to another. Calf Is Fundamental Factor. The calf is the fundamental factor in cattle breeding. *

INTRICATE WEAPON Back of the torpedo is its fish-shaped body, containing all the machinery to drive and steer after it has been launched. From forward aft we find compartments as follows: A compressed air reservoir, an immersion or balance chamber, engine space and a buoyancy chamber. The tiny engine is driven by compressed air, which is compressed to a high degree, and it rotates the propellers whereby the projectile is carried through the water. The immersion or balance chamber provides the means of maintaining the depth at which the torpedo shall travel through the water after being launched. In the engine chamber there is also the device for keeping the projectile to its designated path during its travel. This is achieved by means of a gyroscope. The buoyancy chamber, which is placed aft of the engine chamber, is virtually a vacuum. Without this chamber the torpedo would sink. The propellers and rudders are astern and outside the torpedo’s body. WONDERFUL RESEMBLANCE. Dion Boucicault, the actor-dramatist, was the very image of Sir Kenelm Digby, the seventeenthcentury philosopher. Douglas Jerrold and Montgolfier, the inventor of balloons, might have passed as twin brothers. Montagu Williams had only to don a black periwig to become a perfect double of Charles II as depicted by Sir Peter Lely. The likeness betwf.m Byron and J. L. Motley, the historian of republic, was described by the poet’s i dow as “most wonderful.” > Charles MacFarlane in ds “Reminiscences of a Literary Life,” describes how, in 1820, he met Shelley in the Royal Bu bon museum, Naples, and showed him a statue of Agrippina, the mother

of Nero. “I told him that the Bonaparte family considered this the very image of their mother, When Madame Mere was in Naples, her daughter, Queen Caroline, induced her to sit by the statue, and made a large party remark on the striking resemblance.” i GREAT PLAY NEVER PRODUCED. Gen, Lew Wallace wrote a tragedy entitled Commodus,” was founded on the story of Maternus, an escaped slave, who rebelled against his country, placed himself at the head of a band of outlaws, planned the capture of Rome and his own elevation to the throne, but was finally betrayed and killed. It was neverproduced, but Lawrence Barrett, to whom it was submitted, wrote General Wallace that it was the best play since “Richelieu ” and that “both as a poem and as an acting play ‘Commodus’ is the best English drama.” It was printed, but neverstaged.^—Boston Globe. UP, SEE, UP. “It’s just dawned on me w-hy those trapeze performers are sech funrfy fellers,” said the manager of the op’ry house. “Wall, why is it, ole Smart Alec,” asked the sher’f of the taoun. “Why, cause the dern cusses is alters actin’ up.” FAIR TREATMENT. A beautiful young lady approached the ticket window, and in a voice like the rippling of a brook asked the clerk: “What is the fare to the fair?” To which the clerk replied: “Same as to the homely, madam.” HE BIT. “When I was a boy,” said the stout old fellow, “circus parades used to have giraffes in ’em.” “They couldn’t let giraffes parade in the streets now,” said the slim fellow.” “Why not?” “Why not? They would eat the currents off the electric wires.” —Boston Evening Transcript. A DISTRESSING PROSPECT, “They say there’s no fool like an old fool.” “That make me shudder for the future. I’ve already been all the other kinds.”

LOOK FOR INSECT TROUBLES Inspect Crops Often and Report Outbreaks of Pests With Which You Are Not Familiar. (Prepared by the United States Department of Agriculture.) Watch the grain crops carefully for the earliest indications of insect outbreaks. Make a daily survey of the fields during the most active growing season, if possible. If an outbreak of any insect foe is discovered, apply remedies promptly. If in doubt as to the identity of the pest, promptly send a specimen, inclosed in a tight tin box, to your county agricultural agent, state experiment station, or nearest federal entomological field station, accompanied by a request for information regarding it. Keep on hand at least a small supply of the standard insecticide preparations, such as paris green, lime, and arsenate of lead. Very often the delay caused by the fact that these preparations are not immediately available is fatal to the crop attacked. Report serious outbreaks of insects to one of the authorities, mentioned above. Federal entomological field stations charged with the investigation of cereal and forage insects are located at the following places : Arizona—Tempe Oregon—P orest California—Martinez Grove Indiana—West La- Pennsylvania —Carfayette lisle Iowa—Sioux City South Carollna--Co-Kansas—Wellington lumbla Maryland — Hagers- Tennessee — Knoxtown vllle Missouri — Charles- Texas—San Antonio ton Utah — Salt Lake Ohio—Wakeman City Virginia — Charlottesville Provide Grit for Poultry. Grit is essential to the health of fowls and to economy in feeding. Grit takes the place of teeth in preparing the feed for further digestion, and is required for the proper preparation of feed in the gizzard. When the feed is not properly taken care of in this organ, an undue strain is thrown on the fowl’s system, often resulting in disease, and also allowing much of the nutriment to pass through the bird’s body without being absorbed. In every pen or yard a box of grit should be kept. Investigators have asserted that grit is a part of the necessary feed, giving the fowls strong bones and a bright plummage. Save Liquid Manure. Save all of the liquid part of manure. It is richest in potash, and that element is very high priced now, and scarce. Balanced Ration From Garden. Know your garden and make it produce a balanced ration.

INCREASE NUMBER OF SILOS More Beef Cattle Can Be Produced and Fed Economically During Winter Season. (Prepared by the United States Department of Agriculture.) A silo campaign to increase the number of silos on beef-cattle farms is being conducted by the bureau of animal industry in co-operation with state authorities and county agents.. With more silos more beef cattle can be produced and economically fed during the winter. This campaign, therefore, has a direct bearing on increasing the meat supply of the nation. The campaign is being given special attention in the Southern states, particularly in territory which has recently been freed from cattle-tick quarantine, where the production of beef cattle is on the increase. i ■ I I LENGTH OF THE WAR I # Far-seeing men believe that jf jS we have just begun to fight, and & £ wise men realize that the only g v £afe policy is for us to assume 4- & ‘that the struggle will be long g I and bitter. & It is vain to ask how long the g war will last, for such ques- ? tioning tempts us to guess, and g when we go to guessing our self- g interest causes us to guess the g best and so to take some chance 4 in effort or sacrifice. All that 3 we know is that we must g Prom Address by Clarence Ous- g ley, Assistant Secretary of Ag- g riculture. 2 Food for Trees, The tree cannot chase about like the pig in search of food, and is wholly dependent on the hand of man. Let us not wait for the signs of failure to bear good crops of fruit, but keep up a constant bed of fertility. Our orchards will bear better if we feed them more. Big Decrease in Sheep. In 1903 there were something over. 64,000,000 head of sheep in the United! States, while in 1916 there were less than 49,000,000 —a decrease of 16,000,-! 000, or 25 per cent, in 13 years. Keep the Boar Hustling. Don’t overfeed the boar. A boar that! hustles will throw stronger litters than one that spends all of his time from; one feed to the next sleeping. , | Pea Hay Is Excellent. Pea hay is so palatable and nutritious that it is worth all the effort! It requires to cure it. Live stock are fond of it and it is excellent hay.

OFFENDER HELD UP TO DERISION Perhaps it is in the East that derision as a means of enforcing amendment flourishes most. A Ceylon magistrate once'had at his bar a native whose wily duplicity baffled every effort to get at facts. He lied and produced evasions and tricks until the magistrate’s patience was spent. Then came the order that he should be tomtommed — that is to say, the offender was the center of a little procession, which traversed the tortuous streets of his town. The court usher led the way, beat the tomtom, pointed to his prisoner and recited his evil practices.

OZONE AS A FROST SHIELD It is a fact familiar to scientists that the relatively large quantities of ozone to be found in the upper atmosphere do much toward regulating the earth’s temperature by absorbing radiating heat. The interesting suggestion has been made that, if means could be found to charge the lower air above orchards, for example, with ozone, its capacity to absorb radiating heat might be sufficient to prevent frosts which otherwise would be destructive to the fruit, so much of which is now imperiled a few nights each season. —Popular Mechanics Magazine;

ing ooze, looking for all the world like a bit of wreckage itself. But it had just finished a long bout of pumping under water in that hold, which was filled with floating barrels, beams, tangled Ironwork and a sludge that was indescribable; and when it had been put over the side and had pumped a few tofts of clean sea water through itself, that pump was ready to start work again anywhere. ■_ * °f the p .’.-.y t ...that it ir not water tight—which sounds j absurd. It is, ,however, perfectly true that the water can flow in and around the whole of the works of the pump while it is at work. No one has ever hitherto succeeded in making electricity work under water in this way; but the uses of the discovery are plain even to the layman. A ship fitted with these pumps, for example, ought never to sink, If she has enough of them on board, because they can be set to work in the flooded compartments and pump the water out as fast as it comes in. Damage to the engine rooms -does not affect 'the pumps, because they do not rely for their current on the ship’s dynamos, but on their own portable outfit. Salvage experts tell one rather amusing tale of the versatility of the pumps, A fire broke out in the hold of a ship that w T as carrying a very valuable inflammable cargo. Two submersible pumps were on board, and the captain slung them over the side into the sea, attached a good length of hose to them and set them going to pump water at the rate of about 350 tons an hour each into the burning hold. They soon put the fire out, and the captain then lowered the pumps into the hold and made them pump out the water they had previously pumped in.