South Bend News-Times, Volume 36, Number 117, South Bend, St. Joseph County, 27 April 1919 — Page 23

THE SOUTH BEND NEWS-TIMES

SlUNDAY, APRIL 27, 1919.

FOOD CONTROL IN COUNTY SPARED

FOLKS HUNGER Great Work Organized by A. F. Eby and Later Carried Forward by Carlisle. Jut us detail? of the Ms' t attle on the western front are J ist now becoming public, o a grat many thlnps ronnwrf'i with th St. Jofeph county food administration are Jut now cumlnp to licht. True, the results of the -vork of the food control have long been apparent, 1ut an have the results of th batth. but the Iot.iils. those little bits of the human side of it all, have never ben known. I'nJbaMy eery person in St. Joseph ounty i aware that A. Frank Eby. manager of the South Ilend branch of Armour & Co.. organize thv food administration body here. The work was carried through successfully for more than eight month, and then turne! over to Col. C. A. Carlisle, who finished the work Mr. Eby had begun. I'.ut the fact that detectives were ued In enforcing provisions of the. regulations which compelled the use of a certain portion of substitute in baked pood has never been revealed, until Mr. Eby, In recounting his experiences as food dictator, told it to a News-Times reporter. Made Many Suggestion-;. Neither is it centrally known that the organization of the .ko men to eliminate duplication of routes, the organization of hotel. restaurant and cafeteria men to gr est results from meatless, wheatless and other "-less" days, the organization of Mishawaka grocers, and the organization of bakers to overcome the shortage of wheat flour were nil due. in a lare measure, to the eneristic handling "f the situation by the food admini.-trator. A. Fran!: Eby wu made ot'leial food administrator for St. .Joseph county on Nov. 22, 1917, after he hat! worked for about a month in an unofficial capacity. Several months later, as the work kept piling up, Mr. Eby deputized Eoy Opfel to act as his assistant. These two men perfected the local organization which worked under Herbert Hoover and Ir. H. A. Rtrnard. federal and state food administrators respectively. Cooperation was the method Mr E!)" followed in getting tbe results he brought about. Seeing the enormoun overhead expense occasioned by duplication of b-e routes, he suggested to the ie twn that they roopr-

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A. F. EBY. ate, nllotinp to each man a certain territory. There was some opposition to this plan at Mrst, but finally the organization wan perfected. A? an endorsement of Mr. Kby's plan comes the announcement that the S '.i if ir ethod will b lidlowed by local ice dealer; in the comlnpr summer, although, federa.l control ha? now been riroed. Ikikcrs N OrcanIzol. The baker" were organized in a manner somewhat similar, tlirotiKli the eff'rts of the food administration under Mr. Fby. During the riontlM wlien South F.end's wheat supply was at its lowest point, exchanges bf supplies were made almost daily, that each bakery migh remain In operation. Only when absolute opposition was met did Mr. Eby turn to his authority to brinp results. Two west side bakeries, both, of which had lare supplies of dour, refused to .cooperate, at different times. A police otHcer. with in strut tions to arrest his man or bring him in dead, soon settled these would-be revolts, however. "I told tho police to. brinp in th men, dead or alive," explained Mr. Eby, "because the bakers weren't fljfhtlns? city authority, but were opposing the entire federal government. And TTncle Sam doesn't stand for any foolishness." Concerning one bakr, Mr. Eby explained that reports had been coming in to his office for many week, concerning alleged violation o? wheat substitute rules. There way po wtsy to obtain necessary evidence, however. So the food administration hired a detective, who hid In a bam rear the bake shop in question, and watched proceedings through a Iargre win low. When the bakers were in the midst of the mixing process, thf representative of the food administration walked in. Not a pound of in Every Bayer Package

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substitute was In eight, although the bread mixture was wel' under way Aotu-1 Milk Strike. The threatened milk strike, which South Bend feared about a year ago. was averted throuch the efforts of the food administration. Had the strike pone into effect, local milk producers would have found a ready market in Chicapo, and South Dend would have been in a different situation with repard to dairy products Mr. Eby explained. In June. Mr. Eby found it would be impossible to continue hi? work an food a-dministrator. With as many as 50 letters In one mail, and constant calls for his attention from all parts of the county, he war compelled to work 17 and 18 hours a day in order to keep up. for all the while he was handling his regular work as branch manager for Armours. So. on June 28. he resigned, ar.d C. A. Carlisle was appointed to finish the work of directing food problems in St. Joseph county. Acted Deliberately. Reviewing his eight months' work, Mr. Eby said: "I waited until I was uro I wr8 ripht, and then went ahead. Whenever a bulletin came from the state administration, I studied it carefully, so that I was sure I understood It. When I made a rulinpr, I stuck to it. and I never had to withdraw a ruling. "Lots of people talked about the money I was making out of my office, but that, of course, is absurd, for I never got a dollar." Mr. Eby has a letter from J. T. Oliver, head of the county council of defense, under whom Mr. Eby acted, in which the highest praise is accorded St. Joseph county's first food administrator. When Col. Carlisle took office in July. 19 IS, his first trouble was to deal with the sugar shortage. The canning season was' at hand, and sugar was exceedingly scarce. It was necessary that some action bo taken at once. Chock Sugar Distribution. T'nder the direction of the new administrator, a system of checking up sugar const mption In the county was put into effect. Each purchaser of sug-ar was required to sign for his purchase on a sheet at the retailer's place of business. These sheets were turred Into the food administrator's office each week, and compared with the retailer's own report of sales. Certificates were then issued to the retailers which permitted them to purchase sugar from the wholesale dealers, according to the quantity they had gold. The certificates) presented to the wholesalers were In turn used in Issuing permits for purchases by the wholesalers. No family was allowed to purchase in excess of grpecifietl amounts, and each family was allowed one purchase of 2 5 pounds- for canning purposes, provided they obtained a written order from the food administrator or his deputy. All tho fire stations were made sub-ofTice of the food administration, in order that families could get the permits easily. Careful checking prevented duplication of canning permits. This system worked so well that a

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complete county organization was

worked, out, and would have been Inj effect during the present summer had necessity so demanded. Only IVv Violator. "While wo had a few dealers and householders who did not comply with the regulations," said Co. Carlisle, reviewing his work, "they wero indeed fow. And investigation showed that practically every one of these casei of -violation were due not to any desire to be disloyal or unpatriotic, but simply to ignorance. There was no lack of cooperation when the dtires of the srovernment were fully understood. "My wori-: was much easier than that of Mr. Eby," uld Col. Carlisle, "because he had betn the pioneer, and had completed the organization which I stepped into upon my ap pointment. The preliminary work , was done, and I had an example to follow." Prepared For Future. That he wa.s prepared for the future, in case Ihe war had continued, wan plainly shown when Col. Cariisle explained the sjbtcm which had been worked out. Kact precinct of every ward in the county was to have one representative of tho food administration preferably an elficient housewife who could help her neighbors in Interpreting tho regulations of the food administration and could also oversee what was going on in her district. This method, having been fubmitted to both state and national administrators, met with instant approval, and when the war ended, preparations were already going forward to establish similar systems in every county of tho nation. puce of i. i.e. 'Stay-at-homes,' 800 Strong, Train to Defend Country During War. Shortly after the United States entered the world war. the problems of home and local protection faced tho government. Some otlicial bodies had to be organized that could properly curb any local uprising that occurred in the various communities throughout the country. A step in the solution of these problems was taken in June of 1917. when the national council of defense was formally organized. Almost simultaneously with the national organization of the council of defense, state and county councils wero formed. Immediately after the St. Joseph county council was appointed it named a military committee to draw up plans for the organization of the local unit of home guards. The men on this committee included. F. Jj. Dennis, chairman; I. L. Guilfoyle, F. K. Hering and George M. Studebaker. Calvert in Cliarge. Thld committee after careful study selected MaJ. Charles II. Calvert of this city to take charge of the orpanization of the St. Joseph county home guards. No sooner had Maj. Calvert assumed charge of the organization in this county, when he issued a call for men who had previous military experience to come to his aid in getting tho organization started. To this call more than 50 men who had military experience responded. Together with these men MaJ. Calvert set about to organize the various formations of tho unit, of home guards. A pl.i to have a company of home guards in each ward of South Bend .and the threo districts of Mishawaka met the approval of the public. Soon after the plans for the formation of the home guards in this county were made known, meetings were held in every precinct and ward in this city and Mishawaka, when the plans and details for tho organization of each company In each ward were gone over in every detail. Have Many Volunteers. This was followed by a call for volunteers from the men eligible in each ward. It took but a few weeks for the men of the county to see the necessity of the establishment of home protection and large numbers from every ward in the city responded to the call for volunteers. Out of the tirst ."0 men with military experience that reported to Maj. Calvert. C3 of these men were immediately awarded commissions and they were sent out as instructors to the different wards. South IJcndnd Mishawaka were divided into two battalions. The South Beivd unit was known ai the first battalion and the Mishawaka unit as the second battalion. Fred L. Dennis, was appointed lieutenant colonel of the South Bend battalion, and Maj. (J. A. Heed was placed in charge of the Mishawaka battalion. Maj. Charles B. Calvert was then promoted from the rank of major, which he held in the regular army, to the rank of colonel, and was Klven charge of the two battalions. . Name Captain, j The following captains were .ap- ) pointed for the following companies: H. It. Paxton. Co. A; J. 11. Oven. Co. B; Frank Dolph, Co. C; Shirley Reynold?, Co. D; K. V. Mix, Co. G; John Stryhalski. Co. F; G. W. Blair. i Co. H: J. YV. McKeand, Co. I, and A. C. Ilaslanger, Co. K. Later in the year Iikevllle, New Carlisle and I-iporte recruited nun enough to form a company which was known as Co. M, and was attached to the Mishawaka battalion. The entire strength of the regiment was SCO. Fvery one of the SCO m n in the regiment were fully equipped with uniform and gun, which were purUiwvl ihxough voluntary suUscrip-

PLACE OF I. N. G. TAKEN BY HOME GUARD REGIMENT

r niiiPiirnnr inrn

ACHIEVEMENTS OF WOMEN GREAT

FACTOR IN COUNTY 'Organized' War Work Report Tells Only Part of Women's Work. A review of the "organized" war work of the women of St. Joseph county can tell of only a small, a very small, part of the actual work accomplished, by them. To the women, naturally, fell the taslc of conducting their households under a war-time regime, the Intricacies of which would eliminate, t:oemlrgly, all chanc-i lor engaging In other war time activities. These home duties which included a strict food, conservation dietary, a "made-over" clothea campaign, and tho most stringent caving in every detail of the household administration were met untünchingly, with scarcely a murmur, and In addition these same women made possible the report which follows of tha Red Cross and council of defense activities. Tho first Red Cross work shop which was organized in the summer of 1917, was located in the Union Trust building with a branch established soon after in the Farmers Trust building. The rapid increase in the number of workers soon necessitated a larger shop, this difficulty being solved by the donation to the Red Cross of the entire ortlce building located at 219 W. Jefferson bivd., for that purpose. From the time of its establishment as Red Cross headquarters until the signing of the armistice there was no biuier place in all South Bend. Seats at a Premium. The lower floor of the building was given over to the hospital supply and knitting departments and the surgical dressings rooms wero on the second floor. All departments were open to workers live days a week and several nishts and in most itiftances it was a caso of "come early if you want a seat." Here are figures which will peak for themselves. During the year Nov. 1, 1917 to Nov. 1, 1918, the hospital supply department shipped to headquarters at Cleveland, 14..194 pieces of hospital linen. 8,515 hospital garments and supplies, 1,5 3 ß refugee garments and supplies, and 1,371 articles for soldiery The knitting department contributed 11,870 knitted articles and the surgical dressings department made during; that same period 313,449 dressings. In addition to the work done at headquarters there were C& auxiliaries dclng hospital pupvly work and knitting and surgical dressings shops were located at th Ellsworth store, the high school, New Carlisle. Lakeville, and North Liberty. Three Clothe? Campaigns. Three clothes campaigns resulted in the shipment of enormous quantities of clothing for Belgian rslie)' and the linen shower met with hearty response. Thirteen- hundred Christmas boxes were inspected, weighed and wrapped at headquarters and 1,000 boxes were prepared for friendless soldiers. The surgical dreIn?f department ceased its work with the ginning of the armistice and the other Uepartments will close about May 1. The woman's section of the county council of defense began its work a an organization here in June. 1917. The council ha carried ov. its work mainly through the agency of 10 committees and the council as a whole has been back of all patriotic drives in the county. The registration of women was one of the most arduous tasks undertaken by the council. It resulted, in the registration of 27,575 women with regard to their training, education, and willingness to serve and had hardly been completed before it demonstrated its usefullness. Through its agency appeals for help fjom the factories, Liberty loan headquarters. exemption boards, dental oard, food administration. Bed Cres, Children's dispensary and visitin .c nurses' association were taken euro of atyl much social service .-,ork was done. Children RegistertM. Akin to the woman's registration in the work that it required was the child welfare registration. Seven thousand four hundred and thirtythree children were examined, weighed and measured, the work re tion. Each company had Its designated drill nichts and the regular army drills were held at least one nisht a week by each company, and the organization that, was started with all green material turned out to bo one of the finest drilled regiments in the state and country. Tn the early prt of 191 S the Dodge Manufacturing company of Mishawaka donated their band of 22 piece. Each member of the band donned a khaki uniform and drilled just the tame as the rest of the men. Helped V. S. S. Drive. The 5ucces of the War Saving? stamp drive is attributed to the St. Joseph county home guards, who had complete charge of the campaign. A feature of the home guard Borvicc was the instruction in military tactics given to the men of the county that contemplated being drafted Into the army. A large number of m-"n of the county that knew that they were foon to enter the army service, took advantage of learning sone of tho maneuvers that were to be encountered in army life. MnJ. Calvert stated that out of the great number of these men that availed themselves of this opportunity, nearly all of them were recommended for officers' training schools in the army, and the majority of then received cc mm Unions.

quiring the f endces of 75 doctors, 87 nurses, a.nd 495 volunteer workers. Th conservation and home economics committee of the council was instrumental in securing 13,153 food conservation pledges, in organizing food clubs throughout the count)', and in distributing conservation propaganda. It was largely through their efforts that tho food production fehow v as jLaged at the high school in March, 1917. When called upon by the National Phonograph Records Rrecruiting corps to aid in the collection of records the council responded with 72S records and one machine. A Christmas box, the contents of which were valued at $:J00 was' sent from the office of the council to the sailers of the IT. S. S. Indiana. The educitional committee, did most of its work during the period from March 15 to May 15, 19 IS. It instituted the back to school drive interested woman's clubs in presenting war programs, furnished speakers for community center meetings, and organizsl Liberty choruses. It is diff.cult to state definitely tho results of the efforts of the Americanization committee, for it worked mainly through community centers and existing agencies, and laid a strong foundation for future work along that line. Help For Charities. The committee on maintaining existing social agencies was not organized until late. It sent questionnaires to all charitable organizations and endeavored to secure help for these organizations when needed. During the student nurse campaign the council enrolled 9 nurse, four more than the quota for this county. The Red Crops motor corps, which was originally under the directioi of the woman's section, performed lnvaluabV services during the influenza epidemic and also conducted a canteen service. The corps assisted in conveying the 14-minute women, of which there were 13 appointed by the council all through the county where they proved of great value through all the activities and were unceasing in their efforts to get tho many important facts before the people. To the untiring efforts of the women, working sometimes through their clubs but more often as Individuals, Is due a goodly portion of the credit for successful Liberty loan, War Chest and War Savings stamp drives. Consistency and interested cooperation at all times characterized the work of St. Joseph county women during the entire period ofthe war.

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