Indiana State Sentinel, Volume 28, Number 50, Indianapolis, Marion County, 8 December 1880 — Page 7

.THE INDIANA STATE SENTIXEL, WEDNESDAY DECEMBER! 511880.

OLD-TIME PUNISHMENTS.

Instrument', of Tortur of Centarles Some of WblcU Are Now on Kxhlbltlon n Curloltla The Ducking of Scoliling Women, the Whipping of Vagrants PaoUhmrnt of l)rankttrd-lhe "SooUT Urili" Other Inven. tiODA. St. JmV Gazott. From tha many references to the duckingstool ia the ancient records of many borough?, we have ample proof that at an earlier period this curious mode of punishment was the common instrument of justice for scolds and incorrigible women a practice, indeeJ, which continued till within the lost century. One of the last casts on record in which it was resorted te is recorded in the LonJou Evening; Post of April 27f 1745, where we read: "Lvt wteli a woman that keeps tue Queens Head Alehouse at Kingston, in Öurray, was ordered by the Court to be (licked for scolding, and was accordingly placed in the chair, and ducked in the river Thame, under Kingston bridge, in the prc.-enco ol two or three thousand people. Tht this old-water cure had a wholesome effect upon unruly women is agreed by mo.-t of thu old writers who mention it. Dr. Johnson, in a conversation with .Mrs KnovvKs, said: ".Madam, we have different aiodes of retraining evil etocks for the men, a ducklnr-tool for women, and a pound for beast!?." And (iay, in bU ''Pastoral:1," is very decisive on this point: I'll speed me to the pond, bor the high stool On ttir loi'g pUk huDt o'rr tin- nmdly puol; That stovd, lb drt-al f efry Co '.d lug qurea. The popularity, too, of the punishment is further shown by the fact that corporate bodies were required to lurnish themselves with a ducking-stKlf ju-t as tbey are now forced to provide and maintain lire engines. Thus, in the parish accounts of .Morllake, 'i 7s. appears to have been paid in 1002 for erecting and pniuting a ducking stul for scold-";" and among the Corporation liecords of Shrewsbury, lt(j9, we read of "a ducking-st-Kl to b erected for the punishment of all scolds." Various specimens of these instrument of correction are STILL IN KXISTEXCE, preserved in local luusetims. One. which tor many yeir. was in the Custom House at Ipswich, is now in the museum ot tnat town ; and another, which was formerly used in Leicester, is still preserved in the town mu.-eum there. The term cucWiiiu-st ol is 8?metitiHS appHed to the ducking-stool the resemblance ! the names having ap parently led to an idea that they ineaut thiame thing. A h:ghly-learned writer on the subject, however, has printed out that the cuckir g rtol whs especially used for exf o-'ure ot flagnio is women "at their own dour or in nm itber public place, as a means of putting upon them the last degree of ignominy " In the year 1457 we are told of a (-cold who was put upon tho Vuckstool 'ut Leicester, before her own door and then carried to the fur gates of th town, and Bloui. field in his ' Hi-tory of Norfolk" tells us ol one Margaret Grove, a common scold, who in the er 1587 was ordered to be carried, with a ba.-in "rung befo- her, to the cuck tto ! ai Fye Bridge, and there to be threo time.- ducked." Aain in day gine by, the Juckirg-pond ' was a common adjunct to any plc? whore a number of habitations were collected together, and wa.in general ue for the summary punishment of petty offenders of various descriptionThe ducking-notid for the western part of London occupied the ite of part of Trafalgar Square, and whs very celebrated in the an aals of the London mob. wiiirnxa. Another mode of punishment, which whs formerly carried to a cruel extent, was the whipping of vairrants and those guilty of slight tlensee. By an act parsed in 2"2 Ileury VIII., beggars found wandering about reeking their subri-tence from ti e alms of the benevolent were to be "carried to some marke'.-town or other place, and there tied to the end of a tart naked, and beaten with whips throughout such markettown or tther place till tne bod v should be bloody by reason of such whipping." In the thirty-ninth year of Elizabeth, however, this act was slightly mitigtted, and ' vag. rants were only to be tr pped naked froiu the middle upward and whipped till the body should b- blxdy " Entries in some of our old church regUterg remain as witnesses of the operation of this law. About the year 1596 whipping-posts cmi into use, and at the time the writings of John Taylor, the) water poet," were published, they ap pear to hve been very plentilul, for he nar rates how Id Loudon, J within a mil, I e-n Thre are I J-l wr privou tu 1 t iilitwti, Auil sixty lii-piu'inni mud tt cks aud Cp-. It was also on record that on May 5, 1713, tho corporation of D mcaster give orders lor a whipping-post to be ret up at the slocks at Bitcher Cro-s for punishing Vagrnnis and sturdy lepgais. Then, too, there were the Parish ft ks, which were either put close to the churchyard or in more solitary places. This was an arrangement for exposing a vjlprit on a bench, confined by having his ankles made fa-t in holes under a movable board. In many country places there may still bn seen although frequently little more than a stump is left. Even WOMB WERE PCXIHUKD in this way; and, a an illustration, we may quote the uj in d extract lrotn the parish resnter i f Oo't. Turk. him: 4.In Rmtrev of Dailimr'on, was seet in thi 'rtoxe' at Crofto, and w whip'.e oa! of the town the third day of January, 1S75." The whipping of fenmln vagrants, however, was ab 1nhed by sta'.ute to recently as the vear 1791. . . . " Among the other modes of punishment formerly in u- mty be ruenti.metl the brar.k, or scald's brid e, ot wbieh one f ihe earliest notio is that preserved in the church at Valton-on Thuine, Surrey, dated 1633. to which is affixed the following rhyme: CHes er presents Walton w tb a til l! Tu curb wbi-o' tmgue that ttk iMidl. According to tradition thin instrument of chastisement was presented to the Parish by a person named Chester, who, it .appears, had h an estate through the inJUcreet language ut a mischievous woman t an üicie from whom he had considerable exp eta tions. Th apparatus was made, sava a correspondent of Chamber Bock of Days," of thin iron, and k contrived aa t pas over and round the head, where the whole clasped togfetner arid was fa-tened at the back of the neck by n small padlock. The bridle bit, as it was called, wa a small piece ot iron, about two inches long and one inch broad, which went in'o the mouth atid kept down the tongue by its pressure; while an aperture in front admitted the nse Various -pci mens are still to be seen here and there in local rouMum. It was much in request In Scotland, and i mentioned bv Pennant In bis -T.ir ia Scotland" in 1772. In St. Mary' Church, St. Andrews, a famous srximen still exist, known as tha 'Buhop's Brank,"

of which a representation is given in the Abbottsford edition of the Monastery." In the time of the common wealth the msgis trates of Newcastle-upon-Tyne PVNISUEU CKCNKAETS by making them carry a tub with holes in the sides lor the arms to pass through, along the streets of that town a punishmeut popularly called the ''drunkard's cloak." I must not omit to mention the pillory," that ignominious and barbarous means of punishment which wa ffnally done away with only in the year 1837. In early times in England it was the punishment rawt generally inflicted upon cheat, thieves, scandal-mongers and such-like culprits, but later on it figured conspicuously in political disputes. A pillory is said siill tobe standing at the back of the market place of Coleshill, in Warwickshire; and anothet is reported to lie with the town engine in an unused chancel of Bye Church, in Sussex. The 'pilliwinkles'' was a mode of torture formerly used in Scotland for suspected witchery, and that horrible practice of 'pressing to death" was in f rc witnin the last two centuries. According to the Norwich Spectator this cruel sentence was passed on a msn accused of highway robsery at the Oil flail y in the year 1720, and there may have been still later examples. HOUSEHOLD KMIWLEDOE.

Potatoes a La Sauce Blanche. Slice some cold boiled potatoes; put them in a raucepan with a piece of butter; add a little hot water, pepper and salt arid minced parsley. As soon as they are quite hot stir in, otfthe fire, the yotk of an egg, beaten up with the juice of a lemon and e trained. Oiox ns CjLaces. Trim some small onions such as are used for pickling; put them int i a well buttered sn.ucepan and sprinkle them freely with powdered loaf suar. Shake the pan gently, and as toon as they begin to color moisten with a little stock, add salt, and let them stew gently till well colored. The pan must be shaken now and then, but carefully, let the onions break. Pcrke Du Pois Verts. Boil one pint of green peas iu water, with salt, a slice of nion, a sprig of parsley and a few leaves of mint. When cooket', draio off the water and pass them through a hair sieve. Moiften the puree to a proper consistency with some gfjod stock, perfectly free from fat; work it well in a saucepan on the fire with a piece ot fresh butter with which a small quantity of flour has been amalgamated. V e3 kt a L K So v P ( mai re ) . Pass th rou gh a hair sieve all the vegetable used to make vegetables stock; melt a piece of butter in a saucepan, and a little flour to it, mix it well, then add the vegetable pulp; stir well and moisten with as much of the stock as may te necessary ; let the scup bwil; stir into it off the fire the yolks of twj eggs beaten up with a little water and ttrained. Serve with sippets of bread fried in butter. FLKMisn Soup (malgre) Boil equal parts of potatoes and turnips in water, with one onion and a head of celery, adding pepper and salt to taste: . When the vegetable are quite done, pass the whole through a hair sieve. Put the soup in a saucepan on the fire, and as soon as it boil 4 add a pat o fresh butter, plenty of chervil, a pinch of parsley and a few tarragon leaves, all finely mmced; then pour it over slices of toat and serve. On'ions for Garnish. Take some mid-dling-Mized onions, cut them crosswise in slices; reject the small piece iu the center. Put the larger ones on a cloth with some flour; shake them about on this so as to get thetn well floured all over; put them in the fring basket; shake off superfluous flour, an 1 plunge the basket in very hot fat. A soon as they begin to color lift them otf, sprinkle fine salt over them and they are ready. Kromepkys of Partkidok. Pick out all the meat from the carcasses ofona or two roasted birds, pound it into a in rtar wiih a littie butter, pas it through a hair si-ve. put it into a saucepan with a little more butter, pepper, salt and powdered spice to taste, give it a turn on the fire, then stir in off the tire the yolk of one egg and a little lemon juice. Spread out the mixture to get cold, divide it into small portions, roll each into a thiu slice of parboiled bacon, dip in butter, and fry. Braized Partridge Truss two birds as for boiling, and lard their breasts very hnely with fat bacon; put them into a small braizing pan over a couple of Hees of bacon; add two rniall onions rtuck with half adoen cloves, two carrots cut in pieces, a faggot of sweet herbs, pepper and alt to taste, a cupful of st CK and one of white wine; place a buttered paper over all and braize them eently for two hours, keeping a few hot em bers on the lid of tho pan. Serve with their on liquor, strained and well freed from fat, or with trutlle 6nuce. Macedoine for Gahnisii. Take equal quai liue of carrots and ot turnips cut with a vegetable scop to the shape of olives or fluted olives; of French beans cut across idantwise in the shape of lozenges; of peas, of fresh haricot beans and. of afparagus points cut up to the tize ot peas; boil each Vegetable separately in salted water, with the addition of a lit tie sugr in the case of carrots, turnips and p as. Do not boil them loo much, drain thein well of the water, mix them all together, and then they are ready Cut some carrots, some turnips in the shape of small orange quarters, some French beans in I zenges", puk out part of a cauliflower into very small spriga all of a size; take eq'ial quantities ot ecu, as well as of fresh hnncot beans and of peas Boil them all separtely, and serve them in distinct heaps round the dish Take small pickling onions and carrots, turn'p. and potttces, cut to the 6ame size aid shpe as the onions; boil them all separately, and when done and Well drained toss them in a Situcepan with plenty of butter, keeping them hot ill wanted. It is by no means neosstry to have all the "vegetables mentioned at orMi time, but three at least mu-t le ued to Cor.s'itute a macedome; and, on the other hand, artichoke bottoms. Jerusalem artichokes cut in suitable shapes and haricot bean-; Bnis-els sproutluay be used also. It goes without sying that dried haricot beans and fresh banco! beans should not form part of the Faroe luncedoine. or jtrdiniere, as it is called bv Hmc. These yegetabb-s are either heaped around a piece or pi cos f me.it or the meat is placed around a pile of the vegetables. Kfinoval of Ataina and "pot. I Chemical Review.) Matter A o he kino Mechanicallt. Betting, brushing and currents ot water either on th upper or under side. Gum. Scqar, Jellt, kto. Simple washing with water at a band heat. Grease White goods, wash with soap or alkaline lyes. Colored cottons, wsh with lukewarm soap lye-. Gdored woolens the same, or ammonia. Silk, ab orb with French chalk or fuller's earth, and dissolve away with benzine or ether. Oil Colors, Varnish and Resins. On white cr colored linen, cottons or woolent, use recti fled oil of turiitine, alcohol lye and their roap. On silks, ue benzine, ether and mild sop very cautiously. Acids. Vinegar, Sour Wink, Must, Sock Fruits. White -d, im pie washing, follrd up by chl rin water if a fruit color follows the acid. Colored ..cottons,

woolens and silks are rery carefully moistened dilute am wihtmonia with the finger end' In case of delicate colors it will be found preferable so make some prepared chalk into a thin paste with water and apply it to tho spots. Stearine. In all cases, strong, pure alcohol. V F.r. etahl Colors. Fruit, Red Wine and Kai Ink. On white goods, sulphur fumes or chlorine water. Colored cottoDS and woolens, Jwasb with lukewarm soap lye or ammonia. Silk the same, but more cautiously. Alizarine Inks. "White goods, tartaric acid, the- more concentrated the older are the spots. On colored cottons and woolens, and on silks,' dilute tartaric acid is applied cautiously. Blood and Albuminoid Matters. Steeping in lukewarm water. If pepsine or the juice of Caricalpapaya, can be procured, the spots are first softened with lukewarm water, and then either of theso substances is applied. Iron Spots and Black Ink. "White goods, hot oxalic acid, dilute muriatic acid with little fragments of tin. On fast dyed cottons and woollens, citric acid U cautiously and repeatedly appliod. Silks, impossible. Lime and Alkalies. White goods, simple cashing. Colorod cottons, Woolens and silks are moistened, and very dilute citric acid is applied with the finger end. Tannin Fron! Chestnuts, Green Walnuts, etc., or Leather. White gooJs, hot chlorine water and concentrated tartaric acid. Colored cottons, woolens and silks, apply dilute chlorine water cautiously

to the spt, washing it away and reapply; ing it several times. Tar, Car Wheel Grease, Mixtures of Fat, Resin, Carhon and Acetic Acid. On white gotnls, soap and oil of turpen tine, alternately with s reams of water. Colored cottons and woolens, rub in with lard, let lie, soap, let lie again, and treat alternately witn oil of turpentine and water. Silks the same, more carefully,uaing benzine instead of oil of turpentine. Scorching White goods, rub well with linen rags dipped in chlorine water. Colored cottons, re-dye if possible, or in wool ens raise a fresh surfac ;, S lks no reniedv. TAItLK GOSSIP. A young thief, on being arrested at Reading, l"a,. said he hoped God would paralyze bimifhewaa not innocent. Within a i'er days be was stricken with paralysis, and he is now firm in the belief that it was in consequence of his impious prayer. A girl in Dublin struck her croquet partner on the bead with the mallet; brain fever set in. and the young man nearly died. The girl was kept under arrest until bis recovery, and when he got well she married him, and now he's sorry he didn't die. A Hungarian exhibited in a phrenological museum two skulls of different proportions. "Whose is the large .skull?" asked a spectator. "It belongs. to the celebrated Attilla, King of the Huns." "And the small one?" "Also to Attilla, but when he was arhild." Mr. Cox "Why, I bear that you took ten dollars to vote for the Democrats neighbor. Ain't you got no conscience, a-sellin' of( yourself ia that fashion?'' Mr. Box "I don't deny as I took a ten dollar bill oil' the Democrats, John Cox. But you wait till you bears wot I took from the Republicans next daj. My conscience is clear. ' Paterfam and the Babies: ''Well, no," happy Mr. Paterfam wiid, replying ti the congratulations of his fellow-men over the first event. "Well, no; be couldn't exactly say, as they were just exactly what you might call twins; yes, there was two of 'em. but one was a girl and the other was a boy." On motion, however, and by unanimous consent, they were spread upon the record as twins. Burlington llawkeye. A story comes all the way from Atkinson, Kan., to explain why Clara Louise Kellogg has never married. In her school days she fell in hive with a poor boy. and they exchanged vows of constancy. "She went on the stage and made a fortune. He declared that lie would not become her husband until his wealth equaled hers, and it has never done so, though he has struggled Lard to increase it to the required amount. . Several thousand persons gathered at the railway station in Paris a fornight ago, to to witness the arrival from New-Caledonia of the Communist female leader, Louise Michael, "with the last batch of the amnestied. Rochefrt and Clemenceau received and kissed her, women threw themselves on her neck, and there was altogether a gushing scene, till Uochefort got her into a cab. Many of the people had red ribbons in their buttonholes or dresses. A priest in Ireland, having preached a sermon on miracles, was asked by one of his congregation, walking homeward, to explain a little more clearly what a miracle meant. "Is it a miracle you want to understand?" said the priest. "Walk on there fominst me, and I'll think how I can explain it to you." The man walked on, and the priest came after him and gave him a tremendous kick. "Ow!" roared the man, "why did you do that?" "Did you feel it!" asked the priest. "To be sure I did," said the man. ''Well, then, it would have been a miracle if you had not." In Philadelphia two ladies met on the street, and one said to other, "Why, you l(Kk very happy this morning; what's happened?" "Oh, I've just been up having my fortune told." was the reply, "and the woman says I'm to marry twice more, have diamonds and a camel's hair shawl and that I cun go to the opera six nights in week, if I want to." "Dear me! I don t wonder that you are happy. But you won't say anything tu your husband?" "Oh, of course not. Ior ma ! lie's good to me, and it might hurt his feelings to know that I am going to rnarrv twice more. I think I'll tell him that I'm likely to die first." An honest Galveston shoemaker was strolling down the avenue, when jeering into a restaurant wliat should ho see but one of his fashionable customers heated at a table covered with all the delicacies of the season, including a ld.ge bottle of green seal ami two canvas-back ducks. . Rushing in, the irate Galveston tradesman exclaimed: "You haven't got inonev to pay me for the boots you have got on, but you can afford to pay for all manner ot delicacies." Tue young man wiped bis mouth, and looking around to see that he was not overheard, resionded in a whisper. "Don't le deceived bv apearaiiccs. You must not lose contidence in me. I 'on't expect to pay for this little banquet anv more than I expect to pay for the boots." Galveston News. A Universalist minister in Peoria has recently preached a sermon on dancing which has charmed all the young people of his Hock. His argument," roughly outlined, seems to be that human nature is made to delight in beauty, and the faculty does not come from the devil, but is a gift of God, for God has filled the world with answers to the human cry for beauty. In the tine arts, hi music and in literature man is seen creating other objecta to satisfy the hunger for beauty. The pleasure given by the enjoyment of beauty is never so exquisitely keen a-iu those who are creating it, and this law lies av the foundation of the philosophy of the jeoplc's delight in dancing. A3 there is harmony or rhythm in music, or poetry in literature, so there is poetry or rhythm in dancing. Another charm about the dance is the pleasurable and healthful exercise it affords, to which is coupled the grace und beauty of movement, and the accompani mcnt of good music. What ia Christian dancing? What is Christian anything? Christian business. Christiau pleasure. Christian exercise? It is that which Is done in honor, and purity, aitd moderation. So Christian dancing is that which is done in a manly and womanly endeavor after houest and pure enjoyment,' . ; .; , 'T,

OCR FARM UUDliEr. ;

Hints and Sngcestlon for December AVork on the Farm. American Agriculturalist. The days grow shorter and reach their shortest duration, while the evenings are longer and longer. The time is favorable for looking backward in thought. Porethoughts are good in their time, but after thought, though often less honored, are worth a great deal more for shaping the fature. Account or Stock. The last few davs of this month and often the first week of the next, if indeed a longer time is not needed, are spent by all careful storekeepers and shopkeepers, and business men, in "taking account of stock. Ihe goods are overhauled and examined, and an accu rate list made out, of all arti cles, oftentimes with the cost and the selling price, or the cost and the present value, compared in adjoining columns, Thus the balance for the year can be accu rately made out. Farmers ought to do something of this kin. It is not uifhcult, and if they do not plan to do it now, Christ mas will pass, and the New Year will begin before they do it, and then it will be put over until another year. It is very easy to catalogue horses, cattle, sheep, swine, and other live stock, and to set a fair price uion them. It is not dirlicnlt to estimate the amount of fodder; and the bushels grain and roots are already, in most cases, accurately known. lint a farmer's wealth lies in good part in labor expended, which will bear irnit another year, and in the far oir future, and no estimate of the proprietor's business standing will be a just one which docs not take into account such items as these: ' Twenty acrs sowed to wheat and grass, dressed with eighteen loads of manure to the acre sav at a cost for labor, seed and manure, of $700. 100 rols strip fence at $120," the former being placed in the "account of stock" the latter in the "expense account," the same as "interest on investments," "insurance," "repairs," "painting," etc Wiil it make fatter beeves? Will it make better wheat ami corn? w ill it make more milk and butter? Perhaps not; and yet it probably will help to do all these. The farmer will see, after the second year: whether or not he is advancing; L where he may make important savings; 3, what branches of his business pays best, which cost the least labor, and make the best returns. The nearer a farm can be conducted upon sound business principles the better for the farmer. Livestock. As the season advances the livestock require increased attention; not only are they more directly deendeut upon our care, but they are subject to discomforts from exposure, which seriously interfere with the profit of keeping them. Of all our domestic animals the pig is the most sensitive to extsisure to rough weather, poultry next, in this order: fowls, ducks, geese, and turkeys, the last often doing better when exposed than if sheltered. Next to fowls, cows, then, working oxen and young cattle; next horses, w hich are ued, unused horses, and sheep. Of these last the long-wool breeds are the most sensitive to cold storms and snow, but close-fleeced breeds will stand almost any amount of cold if they have enough to eat, sheds to go under, and shelter from driving storms of rain and snow. Horses, if well-led, usually feel bright and lively in winter, and young horses are, for this very reason, more easily trained than when the weather and running at pasture makes them dull. Whenever horses are used so as to warm them up at all, blanket them as soon as they stand still, if onlj' for two or three minutes. Those two or three minutes are sometimes enough to give a chill, which may end in pneumonia or other serious troubles. Grooming saves feed and also promotes health in horses, and should never be neglected. It will probably pay even to groom boarding horses, and it will certainly iay the owners to stipulate that their horses should be groomed daily. Blankets, except mere "dusters," are worse than useless in stables; they make the horse tender and more likely to take cold when brought in hot. Litter very freely if you have the material; straw, leaves, swamp hay, etc. Celery. Celery, while in trenches for the winter, should not be allowed to freeze hard a moderate freezing does no harm. The hay or straw for covering should be at hand when needed. As soon as the winter fairly sets in, the covering, which until then was slight, should be made about one foot in thickness. Celery in boxes, in the cellar, is more apt to sufier from heat than cold. The boxes, about nine inches wide, are made of old stuff, and as long as convenient. Set the celery in them as in trenches. The boxes should be placed their own width apart, thus avoiding a solid mass of celery, which would heat and decay. The cellar should be as near the freezing point as possible. Piofl. Nearly double the feed will be re quired to keep pigs from going back, after really cold weather conies on say when the ground freezes. It is then best to kill at once. I'very farmer ought to be ahle to kill and cut up his own pigs. Butchers are often very rough and brutal. This is not necessary. Many a farmer who kills bis own pigs does so because he wants the job kindly and humanly done. Hewtually thrusts the knife if he loved the victim. Feed soaked corn, that is, corn which is covered with as much boiling water as it will take up in twenty-four hours. This is better for either fattening or store pigs than coarse meal, unless the latter be thoroughly cooked. Poultry liens will lay up to Christmas, if they have warm quarters. A manure shed, where mixed manure throws otf considerable warmth, and which is closed in, but wll ventilated, is an excellent place for fowls. They are kept warm and comfortable, their drippings are all saved, going to enrich the manure, and they keep on laving, often all winter. At noon fecc in' oen weather, soft food that is, boiled potatoes mixed with bran and corn meal, or something of the kind; at night give a good feed of whole grain, throwing down enough to toll them otT the roosts for an earlv, breakfast, unless thereby you will be feeding an army of rats all niht. In snowy and frozen weather, feed threw times a day, and eive only what they will run after each meal. Milch Cows These ou,"ht to be well fed. and cleaned by a card and brus i daily, if Ms.sible, otherwise twice a week. They shonld be milked up to within four weeks of calving. It is a great temptation to dry olFa cow so as to save the labor of milking, and not alone will hired men do this, but the farmers themselves eenerally do it, and think that they save a good deal in feed and lalor. while, in reality, with young cows, they impart a habit of going dry early, which will last them as loin; as they live. The better milc'o cows arc fed the better return they give, but feed judiciously. Testing Cows Upon not a few of the best dairy farms and yt, perhaps, it would be truthful to say Uhhi a few such farms. tliM milk given by etch cow is weighed at eachmilking, and once iaa while, as her turn c mes around, the amount of butter she will make is ascertaited. This, if continued through the year, gives results which will enahle the farmer to pick out his best cows. Though the systi-m seems accurate, it is Table to -ne serious fallacy; a cow which ia apparently in perfect health will give in one year a muck larger quantity of milk and butter than she will in another, for reasons that are as yet well understood. Thk Wood Lot. Work may be done here during the whole month. It is the best season to cut timber for building purposes and for fencing stuff,' For fire wood, the season is not of so mnch importance and yet that which is cut early in the winter is better than that cut laUr. Ice. The ice crop in every section of the country is becoming more and more Important, The season may be as unfavorable for jce as the last, but thut Is hardly poasi,ble Nevertheless, a prudent man will be

prepared to lay in his ice as soon as it shall Lave attained half the usual thickness, , or vtn less. The. probabilities are, that 'an enormous quantity will be Becured this season. It is being applied to new uses all the time, and its consumption in both town and country is greatly on the increase. Gtpscm in Stables. This article is admirable as a fertilizer upon clover, and an efficient absorber of ammonia, and puritier of

the air of stables. It is well to sprinkle it over the floor of both horse and cow stalls as soon as they are cleaned out in the morning, and over the bedding at evening. When thus used its effects are just as good, and probably better than when applied alone upon the land. SiiRcns. Shrubs that are not quite hardy do not require bundling up, as was thought necessary not many years ago, when more piants were smothered than benefited by the covering. A little brnsh, or better, some evergreen boughs placed close to the shrub, will ward off the severe winds, modify sudden changes of temperature, and be a suffi ciert protection. Tender raspberries must be bent down and covered with earth before freezing prevents it. Game Birds. It is well worth while to look out for game birds during severe weather, when the ground is covered with snow and ice. At such times many quails perish, and if buckwheat and oats or other small grains be thrown under the shelter of evergreens, or along the fence rows where these birds will lind it; they will winter much better for this care, and will not be likely V) scatter very far in the breeding season. Shef-f. Sheep are peculiarly sensitive to good treatment. A good shepherd is always gentle among his sheep. Ewes which are to lamb early ought to be by themselves and have better care as their time approaches. Feed a few more turnips and and give them a little more liberal sprinkling of corn meal and bran, or oil cake. Calves. Calves which are to be brought np away from the cow should be removed from the dams as soon as dropped. They will never hardly ever attempt to suck even one another's ears, and if fed carefully will fatten equally well with those on the cows. Swamp M cck. If the season remains open, no better work can be done than getting out musk from the swamp to be exposed to the freezing: and thawing of the winter. It is always valuable as an absorbent, and often contains much ammonia. Store SiiEEr. Store sheep and rams should be by themselves, and let fattening sheep have regular feeding ami be kept quiet, giving them a very small yard and an airy but dark shed, supplied with feeding racks and troughs; never leed them in the ojx-n y.ird. Cellars. Cellars where roots are stored need to be kept cool, otherwise the roots will shrivel or start into growth, and be injured. Roots for table use, if kept in earth or sand, are fresher and better than others. Manche. Coarse manure may be applied around currants, gooseberries, blackberries, etc.; in the spring rake off the straw and fork in the rest. PABSNirs. Parsnips left in the ground are improved in sweetness by freezing. rhcy can be dug during a thaw. JEFF 11 A VIS. How He Looked anil Talked to n Chicago Times ltepresentative. Mr. Davis, who was smoking a cigar, seated himself, motioning to me to do like wise. Iben, with the never-failing politeness of these people, he took a "fragrant Havana' from his vest pocket, handed it to me ami gave me his cigar to lijrht it with. which I did. It was thus I smoked THE CALCMET OF TEACE, so to seak, with Jefferson Davis. "Well, sir, he said, in a tine, full, manly voice, of great sweetness as well, "I am very glad to see you and to hear from Judge Walker." I expressed my thanks, and, not being a good band at diplomacy, of which the great Bebel is a profound master, I remarked : "The kindness of Judge Walker made me trouble you at all. I have no desire to intrude upon you, nor am I actuated by any vulgar curUlsity. The Judge and myself thought, however, that at the present crisis, you might give expression hi some opinions that would he sure to interest the whole country. As I am on a general tour of the South, and have carte blanche to visit her distinguished men, I could hardly go by Beauvoir without calling uion you." Mr. Davis "smiled sujerior," took a cou pie of long pulls at his cigar, poked the blazing logs upon the hearth stove and mildly answered: "I should be most happy to talk with you on general matters, sir, but I have strictly adhered to the rule of not allowing myself to be interviewed on any olitical subject, for reasons which I am sure you do not need to have explained. I am glad you were frank with me, although no explanation on your part was necessary to assure me that you would not seek an interview against my inclination. Judge Walker's letter was sufficient assurance of that." "I am glad you view my presence in that light, Mr. Davis," I answered. "Naturally the country would like to hear from you, but since you have made up your mind not to speak, that ends the matter.' "Thank you," he returned, very politely. 'I have not been very well, nor am I now, and I have been rather occupied lately." "You are, I understand, preparing your memoirs, Mr. Davis," 1 ventured. "Yes. but 'tis rather slow work. Writing is not my forte," he answered, smilingly. "It keeps me up late, and my health suffers." I looked at him, but could pee nothing very invalid-like in his appearance. With the WEIGHT OF THREE SCORE AND TEN WINTEVS upon his shoulders, Jefferson Davis might easily pass for sixty, or less, but for his somewhat pale face and white hair. His voice has still the ring of youth, and, although always a somewhat delicate person, I am sure Mr. Davis is a man of immense vital power. I looked up at tke engraving on the wall, and asked at what period of his life that was taken. "The picture from which it was engraved," he replied, 'was taken in lsöö, when I was in the War Departmental Washington. They wanted it to put on Government warrants, I think." I said nothing, because in the Davis before me there was not the slightest resemblance to the Davis of the picture. It looked, save the mustache, much more like the late Professor Gustavus Geary. I have neVeo seen an engraving, painting, portrait or photograph that gives even a tolerable idea of what Jefferson Davis now looks like Every representation I have ever seen of the Kent lern n gave him a very stiff look and hollow cheeks. Those taken during the Rebellion, make hiin hatchet-faced, with an unbecoming chin tuft of the stereotyped "Undo Sam" pattern. At the present time, probably on account of cultivating bis anything but luxuriant beard, Mr. Davis is not hatchet-faced at all. The prominence of his nose and cheek-bones has been mitigated. He docs not look emaciated, either. - On the contrary, his proportion to hia height, although he is far from straight, is admirable. He bears himself mar tially yet, with something of old West Point (where, perhaps, he. used to patronize "Benny Havens. O ') about him. and there is a ray of Buena Vista's red glory upon his brow, shining through the accursed clouds of ''treason and rebellion" that settled over him during that hateful strife between the Government of the eople and the faction of tho slave-holders. One could wish, in gazing on his gray hairs, that he had died wi'h Yell and Clay and his other brave companions in arms on that memoriableday when, dauntlesaly leading his Mississippi Ride, he rallied our broken ; battalions, hurled back the Mexican Lancers, and won

the rough and ready prxLw? of Zachary Taylor. L . it wis FincrtT TOFFJLIZE, as lie sat there near me, smoking tranquilly, with unpretentious manner, and Lis very simple attire, that -the name of Jefferson Davis wat a part of history. and would go down to posterity as that of the chief figure of the mightiest rebellion thai ever shook the world, throughout all the ages. He 'that quiet, graceful, smooth-toned, cordial, almost fascinating elderly gentleman the once dreaded chief of the Southeren slave confederacy! It was difficult, indeed, to realize that fact My memory went back over fifteen years, to the time when our stalwart legions, with bronzed faces ami dusty uniforms and shining in muskets, trudged cheerily to battle, singing with the playfulness of soldier spirit: We'll han Jeff Davis to a sour apple tree! We ll bang Jen" Davis to a sour apple tree! We'll han Jeff Davis to a nour apple tree! While wc go marching on ! It was a stupid refrain, especially as the sour apple tree referred to did not grow in time for the execution, and the neck of Mr. Davis is now encircled by a shirt collar instead of a collar of hemp. .There could have been no contrast, physical as well as mental, greater than that pVtsented byTHE BESrrXTIV CTirEFB of the great American tear. Lincoln tall, straggling, large-jointed, plain, blunt, sometimes a little bit coarse; also, honest, fervid, roughly eloquent the man of the people the type and the champion of the toiling,' yet intelligent masses. Davis graceful, subtle, polished," blue-blooded, persistent, harsh and haughty! too, on occasions a fitting representative of the high-strung planter aristocracy and the ghastly schism of secession.' I said to myself: "If the old trentleman

doesn' talk, he is, at least, worth a pen-picture." Said Mr. Davis, after a somewhat long panse, "1 was much amnscd when some of the Jlew York press sent their junior members to interview me, It was altogether too rich," he continued, "bat I lay back in ray chair and laughed at them." THE MEMORT OF TIUS manner of discomfiting the New York inquisitors evidently tickled Mr. Davis, for he renewed his merriment, ".laughing consumedly." "You must understand, Mr. Davis," I remarked, "that I am not interviewing you at all. Yon may call my visit one of" ceremony, or any thi ns you please." "Indeed," he said merrily, "my remarks do not apply in your case alL You must not think because I don't choose to talk politics that I not very glad to see you, very glad indeed." "It is very kind of yon to say so, but, letting politics slide, don't you thing the country has improved very much materially of late years?" . Mr. Davia assumed a very demure and provokingly innocent look as he rejoined, "As I never, undcrany circumstances, travel much, you have a much better opportunity of judging that point than I have." "The devil I have," thought I. "Well, this sharp old diplomat will not commit himself even to an expression of opinion relative to the progress of the Smth. for fear, I suppose, it might upset his pet theory that secession was the only salvation for Dixie. Very well. I think I'll say adieu to this polite but slippery scion of the land of cotton." Animated by this reflection I stood up and said: "Since you are not willing to talk either politics or agriculture, Mr. Davis, I'!' take my leave.' "I hope," said he, "you don't think me unwilling to speak to you on other matters. Keep your seat" TUEN ME srOKK A LITTLE about Lomsiana and particularly about the salt deposit on Avery s island. " hat is inexplicable," said he, "on any theory that I have read. It is strange there is no salt on the other islands of similar formation. Now, there is something that geologists might study with interest, and, perhaps, they might be able to arrive at some conclusion about it It is, I consider, one of the greatest natural curiosities on the continent. Were you ever in Poland? No. Well, there they have mines of solid rock salt, just the same. But the isolation of -this other one makes it so remarkable." Mr. Davis became so enthusiastic on the saline subject that lie lit another cigar, and indulged in a very long-and artistic whiff at the cheroot. A gentle knock came at the door, and was followed by a lady in a riding habit She was a visitor, and. as I feared Mr. Davis might enlarge on salt until became down to salt hog, corned beef, aruL perhßps, salt herring, I concluded it was the part of prudence to effect a masterly retreat He still politely protested against my departure, but 1 had a presentiment that his courtesy was somewhat of the Latin order, which expresses much and means little. and as my interviews with President Diaz ! and Sitting Bull, neither ol whom could .qeak a word of English, had been eminently brief and satisfactory, I thought I'd make no exception in the case of Jefferson Davis, who knows the art of using language to express his thoughts better than most men, and so I shook hands, and took what, I suppose, will je my last farewellof "Massa Jeff.'' He came out on the portico to wave me good by, and the lat sight I had of him he was standing with bishands behind his back like Napoleon at St Helena, looking out upon the dull stretch of sea lying between the islands far out on'thc other side of the Mississippi sound, his white hair flattering like a flag of truce in a November wind, and an expression on his keen face which seemed to say: "I Wonder, now, if that d d Yankee correspondent thought be could interview me?" The time has been when diseases of the Kidneys were considered serious aff crions, but fortunately all fear of any fatal remits from these troubles are now dispelled by the cirtainty witb which Day's Kidney Pad always acts. "Buchnpafba. New, quick, complete cure, four days, urinary affections, smarting, frequent or difficult urination, kidney diseases. $1. Druggists. 38 Washington, street. Don't Die on the rremisen. Ask druggists for "Rough on Rats." It clears out rats, mice, bed bugs, roaches. Only 15c per box. Decline ef Man. Impotence of mind, limb or vital func tion. nervous weakness, sesnal debility, etc., cured by -Wells'- Health Renewer. . $1 at druggists. 33 Washington street. Catarrh of the Bladder. Stinging, smarUng, irrigation of the urinary passages, disease! discharges, cured by Bucliupaiba, $1. Druggists. 3 Washington 6treet eugh on Rats. The tiling desired found at lat Ask druggists for "Rough on Rats" It clears out rats, mice, roaches, bed-bugs, etc' Fifteen cents per box. Skinny Men Well's nealth Renewer. Absolute core for nervous debility and weakness of the generative functions. One dollar at druggists, 38 Washington St. A Sare Thin;. Chapin's Bucliupaiba quick, complete i cure for gravel, stone, kidney, 'bladder and - i . a. a. l . t ail unuary uuecuons. - $1. .o asuingion street - . Terrible Lou of Lif . Million of rats, mice, eata. bsd-brgs, roaches, lose -their tyes bv collision with "Rough on Rats.? SoW by JJruggists, 15c boxea. ...... . ; . - L Brmln and 3f erv. Wells Health Renewer, greatest remedy on earth for Impotence, leanness, sexual debility, etc, f 1, at druggists. 38 Washington VW'.'.:.i...v -

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